Анализатор спектра r s fsh4 инструкция по эксплуатации

• Page 1: Operating Manual

  R&S FSH4/8/13/20 ® Spectrum Analyzer Operating Manual 1173.6275.12 – 30…

• Page 2
  ● R&S FSH8 (1309.6000.28) ● R&S FSH13 (1314.2000.13) ● R&S FSH20 (1314.2000.20) ● R&S FSH4 (1309.6000.54, equivalent to 1309.6000.04) ● R&S FSH4 (1309.6000.64, equivalent to 1309.6000.14) ● R&S FSH4 (1309.6000.74, equivalent to 1309.6000.24) ● R&S FSH8 (1309.6000.58, equivalent to 1309.6000.08) ●…

• Page 3: Basic Safety Instructions

  R&S FSH Basic Safety Instructions Basic Safety Instructions Always read through and comply with the following safety instructions! All plants and locations of the Rohde & Schwarz group of companies make every effort to keep the safety standards of our products up to date and to offer our customers the highest possible degree of safety.

• Page 4
  R&S FSH Basic Safety Instructions Observing the safety instructions will help prevent personal injury or damage of any kind caused by dangerous situations. Therefore, carefully read through and adhere to the following safety instructions before and when using the product. It is also absolutely essential to observe the additional safety instructions on personal safety, for example, that appear in relevant parts of the product documentation.
• Page 5
  R&S FSH Basic Safety Instructions 2. Do not place the product on heat-generating devices such as radiators or fan heaters. The ambient temperature must not exceed the maximum temperature specified in the product documentation or in the data sheet. Product overheating can cause electric shock, fire and/or serious personal injury or death.
• Page 6
  R&S FSH Basic Safety Instructions 11. Use suitable overvoltage protection to ensure that no overvoltage (such as that caused by a bolt of lightning) can reach the product. Otherwise, the person operating the product will be exposed to the danger of an electric shock. 12.
• Page 7
  R&S FSH Basic Safety Instructions Repair and service 1. The product may be opened only by authorized, specially trained personnel. Before any work is performed on the product or before the product is opened, it must be disconnected from the AC supply network. Otherwise, personnel will be exposed to the risk of an electric shock.
• Page 8
  R&S FSH Basic Safety Instructions Transport 1. Handles on the products are designed exclusively to enable personnel to transport the product. It is therefore not permissible to use handles to fasten the product to or on transport equipment such as cranes, fork lifts, wagons, etc. The user is responsible for securely fastening the products to or on the means of transport or lifting.
• Page 9
  R&S FSH Informaciones Elementales de Seguridad Informaciones Elementales de Seguridad Es imprescindible leer y observar las siguientes instrucciones e informaciones de seguridad! El principio del grupo de empresas Rohde & Schwarz consiste en tener nuestros productos siempre al día con los estándares de seguridad y de ofrecer a nuestros clientes el máximo grado de seguridad.
• Page 10
  R&S FSH Informaciones Elementales de Seguridad Tener en cuenta las informaciones de seguridad sirve para evitar en lo posible lesiones o daños por peligros de toda clase. Por eso es imprescindible leer detalladamente y comprender por completo las siguientes informaciones de seguridad antes de usar el producto, y respetarlas durante el uso del producto.
• Page 11
  R&S FSH Informaciones Elementales de Seguridad 1. El producto solamente debe ser utilizado según lo indicado por el fabricante referente a la situación y posición de funcionamient. R&S FSH está protegido contra roción y polvo (modo de protección IP 51). Si no se convino de otra manera, es para los productos Rohde &…
• Page 12
  R&S FSH Informaciones Elementales de Seguridad 7. En las mediciones en circuitos de corriente con una tensión U > 30 V se deberán tomar las medidas apropiadas para impedir cualquier peligro (p. ej. medios de medición adecuados, seguros, limitación de tensión, corte protector, aislamiento etc.).
• Page 13
  R&S FSH Informaciones Elementales de Seguridad 3. Como con todo producto de fabricación industrial no puede quedar excluida en general la posibilidad de que se produzcan alergias provocadas por algunos materiales empleados, los llamados alérgenos (p. ej. el níquel). Si durante el manejo de productos Rohde &…
• Page 14
  R&S FSH Informaciones Elementales de Seguridad 3. Las celdas o baterías no deben cortocircuitarse. Es peligroso almacenar las celdas o baterías en estuches o cajones en cuyo interior puedan cortocircuitarse por contacto recíproco o por contacto con otros materiales conductores. No deben extraerse las celdas o baterías de sus embalajes originales hasta el momento en que vayan a utilizarse.
• Page 15
  Customer Support Technical support – where and when you need it For quick, expert help with any Rohde & Schwarz equipment, contact one of our Customer Support Centers. A team of highly qualified engineers provides telephone support and will work with you to find a solution to your query on any aspect of the operation, programming or applications of Rohde &…

• Page 16: Table Of Contents

  R&S FSH Table of Contents Table of Contents Documentation Overview …………..9 Conventions Used in the Documentation ……..10 1 Operating the R&S FSH …………..11 Screen Layout and Elements ………………11 Means of Input ………………….12 1.2.1 Using the Alphanumeric Keys ………………13 1.2.2 Confirming and Cancelling Entries …………….14 1.2.3…

• Page 17
  R&S FSH Table of Contents Using the Measurement Wizard …………….44 2.2.1 Starting the Measurement Wizard …………….44 2.2.2 Performing a Sequence of Measurements …………..46 Evaluating Results …………………49 3 Spectrum Analyzer Mode …………..50 Performing Spectrum Measurements …………..50 3.1.1 Measuring Basic Signal Characteristics …………..50 3.1.2 Measuring the Channel Power of Continuously Modulated Signals ……51 3.1.3…
• Page 18
  R&S FSH Table of Contents 4 Power Meter ………………133 Using a Power Sensor …………………133 4.1.1 Connecting a Power Sensor ………………135 4.1.2 Performing and Configuring Measurements …………..136 Using a Directional Power Sensor ……………..139 4.2.1 Connecting a Directional Power Sensor …………..140 4.2.2 Performing and Configuring Measurements …………..141 Using the Internal Power Meter …………….144…
• Page 19
  R&S FSH Table of Contents Performing Vector Measurements (R&S FSH-K42) ……….191 6.4.1 Measuring the Transmission ………………192 6.4.2 Measuring the Reflection ……………….195 Evaluating the Results ………………..197 6.5.1 Selecting the Measurement Format…………….197 6.5.2 Configuring the Vertical Axis ………………205 6.5.3 Using Markers ………………….208 6.5.4 Working with Channel Tables ………………208 6.5.5…
• Page 20
  R&S FSH Table of Contents 8 Receiver Mode (R&S FSH-K43) …………231 Selecting the Measurement Mode …………….232 8.1.1 Performing Single Frequency Measurements …………232 8.1.2 Performing Frequency Scans ………………235 Configuring Measurements in Receiver Mode ………….238 8.2.1 Selecting Detectors for EMI Measurements …………..238 8.2.2 Selecting the Measurement Bandwidths for EMI Measurements ……240 8.2.3…
• Page 21
  R&S FSH Table of Contents Measurements on 1xEV-DO Signals …………..285 9.6.1 The Result Summary ………………..286 9.6.2 The PN Scanner ………………….289 9.6.3 The Burst Power Result Display …………….290 9.6.4 Configuring the Measurement ……………….291 Measurements on TD-SCDMA Signals …………..292 9.7.1 The Result Summary ………………..293 9.7.2 The Code Domain Analyzer ………………297 9.7.3…
• Page 22
  R&S FSH Table of Contents 10.2.9 Markers ……………………333 10.3 Functions of the Network Analyzer …………….335 10.3.1 Measurement Configuration ………………335 10.3.2 Frequency Parameters ………………..335 10.3.3 Span Selection ………………….336 10.3.4 Amplitude Parameters ………………..336 10.3.5 Sweep Configuration ………………..336 10.3.6 Bandwidth Selection ………………..336 10.3.7 Trace Functionality…………………337 10.3.8 Limit Lines ……………………337…
• Page 23
  R&S FSH Table of Contents 10.6.6 Bandwidth Selection ………………..346 10.6.7 Trace Functionality…………………346 10.6.8 Markers ……………………347 10.7 Functions of the Interference Analyzer (Map Mode) ……….348 10.7.1 Measurement Configuration ………………348 10.7.2 Frequency Parameters ………………..348 10.7.3 Amplitude Parameters ………………..349 10.7.4 Sweep Configuration ………………..349 10.7.5 Bandwidth Selection ………………..349 10.7.6…

• Page 24: Documentation Overview

  R&S FSH Documentation Overview Documentation Overview The user documentation for the R&S FSH is divided as follows: Quick Start Guide The Quick Start Guide provides basic information on the instrument’s functions. It covers the following topics: ● overview of all elements of the front and rear panels ●…

• Page 25: Conventions Used In The Documentation

  R&S FSH Conventions Used in the Documentation Conventions Used in the Documentation The following conventions are used throughout the R&S R&S FSH Operating Manual: Typographical conventions Convention Description “Graphical user interface elements” All names of graphical user interface elements both on the screen and on the front and rear panels, such as dialog boxes, softkeys, menus, options, buttons etc., are enclosed by quotation marks.

• Page 26: Operating The R&S Fsh

  R&S FSH Operating the R&S FSH Screen Layout and Elements 1 Operating the R&S FSH This chapter provides information about basic functionality and about the user interface of the R&S FSH. 1.1 Screen Layout and Elements The following figure shows the screen layout in cable and antenna test operating mode.

• Page 27: Means Of Input

  R&S FSH Operating the R&S FSH Means of Input 1.2 Means of Input The user interface of the R&S FSH provides several elements for you to input data. Alphanumeric keys Unit keys Rotary knob Cursor keys Enter key Cancel key Back key Operating Manual 1173.6275.12 — 30…

• Page 28: Using The Alphanumeric Keys

  R&S FSH Operating the R&S FSH Means of Input 1.2.1 Using the Alphanumeric Keys Using the alphanumeric keys, you can enter numeric values or characters. The alphanumeric keys include the numbers from 0 to 9, the alphabet, a minus sign and dot.

• Page 29: Confirming And Cancelling Entries

  R&S FSH Operating the R&S FSH Means of Input 1.2.2 Confirming and Cancelling Entries Depending on the input you have made, there are several ways to confirm entries. ● Values without unit or values that have a fixed unit that you enter in an input field can be confirmed with the ENTER key or by pressing the center of the rotary knob.

• Page 30: Using The Cursor Keys

  R&S FSH Operating the R&S FSH Means of Input 1.2.4 Using the Cursor Keys Using the cursor keys, you can do several things. ● The cursor keys navigate through dialog boxes or softkey submenus. ● The up and down keys increase or decrease any kind of numeric value if an input field is active.

• Page 31: Presetting The R&S Fsh

  R&S FSH Operating the R&S FSH Presetting the R&S FSH 1.3 Presetting the R&S FSH Before you prepare a measurement, it is recommended to preset the R&S FSH. During a preset, the R&S FSH resets all settings to their default state. Restoring the default configuration has the advantage that old settings do not affect measurements.

• Page 32: Configuring The Instrument

  R&S FSH Operating the R&S FSH Configuring the Instrument 1.5 Configuring the Instrument The «Instrument Setup» dialog box contains functionality that is independent of the operating mode. For more information see the «Quick Start Guide». Protecting the R&S FSH with a PIN The R&S FSH features a PIN protection system that protects the R&S FSH from unauthorized access.

• Page 33
  R&S FSH Operating the R&S FSH Configuring the Instrument If you fail to unlock the R&S FSH with the OEM Master PIN, the R&S FSH will force a reboot of the software until you enter the correct OEM Master PIN. Firmware update If the R&S FSH is protected with a PIN, a firmware update is only possible after you have entered the correct PIN.
• Page 34
  R&S FSH Operating the R&S FSH Configuring the Instrument You can define a User Master PIN the same way. By default, the User Master PIN is the OEM Master PIN as shown in the «Instrument Settings» dialog box. ► Select the «Master PIN Code» menu item. The R&S FSH opens an input field to define a User Master PIN.

• Page 35: Taking Screenshots

  R&S FSH Operating the R&S FSH Taking Screenshots 1.6 Taking Screenshots You can take and store a screenshot of the current screen anytime with the key. ► Press the key. The R&S FSH takes a screenshot. If available, the R&S FSH stores the screenshot on an external storage device (USB memory stick or SD card).

• Page 36: Saving Events

  R&S FSH Operating the R&S FSH Saving Events 1.7 Saving Events The R&S FSH provides functionality that automatically saves measurement information if a certain situation or event occurs. Saving events is possible in all operating modes. ► Press the SETUP key. ►…

• Page 37
  R&S FSH Operating the R&S FSH Saving Events ● Time interval Saves measurement data every <x> seconds. You can define the duration of the time interval via the «Time Interval» menu item. Single sweeps and sweep time Note that it is not possible to save measurement data every <x> seconds in single sweep mode, because the R&S FSH only performs one sweep and then stops.

• Page 38: Connecting The R&S Fsh To A Pc

  R&S FSH Operating the R&S FSH Connecting the R&S FSH to a PC 1.8 Connecting the R&S FSH to a PC The R&S FSH comes with the R&S FSH4View software package. This software package features several tools that allow you to document measurement results or create and edit limit lines or channel tables among other things.

• Page 39: Connecting The R&S Fsh In A Lan

  R&S FSH Operating the R&S FSH Connecting the R&S FSH to a PC 1.8.1 Connecting the R&S FSH in a LAN You can connect the R&S FSH directly to the PC with the LAN cable that is supplied with the R&S FSH. The LAN port is located on the left side of the R&S FSH behind a protective cap.

• Page 40
  R&S FSH Operating the R&S FSH Connecting the R&S FSH to a PC After you have matched the subnet mask, you can define the IP address. When both devices are in the same subnet, the first three digits of the IP address are usually the same (‘192’ in the example below).
• Page 41
  R&S FSH Operating the R&S FSH Connecting the R&S FSH to a PC ► Press the «Add» button to create a new network connection. ► Specify a name for the new network connection, for example R&S FSH. ► Enter the IP address for the R&S FSH (in this case 192.0.2.10) ►…

• Page 42: Connecting The R&S Fsh In An Existing Lan

  R&S FSH Operating the R&S FSH Connecting the R&S FSH to a PC 1.8.2 Connecting the R&S FSH in an Existing LAN You can either draw the R&S FSH IP address automatically from the DHCP server or manually assign a fixed address. With manual allocation, a fixed IP address and subnet mask must be assigned to the R&S FSH as described in the chapter on direct LAN connection.

• Page 43: Connecting The R&S Fsh Via Usb

  R&S FSH Operating the R&S FSH Connecting the R&S FSH to a PC 1.8.3 Connecting the R&S FSH via USB Alternatively, you can connect the R&S FSH to the PC with the USB cable that is supplied with the delivery. The Mini USB interface is located on the left side of the R&S FSH behind a protective cap.

• Page 44: Managing Datasets

  R&S FSH Operating the R&S FSH Managing Datasets Managing Datasets The R&S FSH provides functionality to manage (save, restore etc.) datasets available in its internal memory or an external storage device. The USB interface that supports the use of memory sticks is available for models with serial numbers 105000 and higher.

• Page 45
  R&S FSH Operating the R&S FSH Managing Datasets Templates The R&S FSH also supports various other types of datasets (or templates). Such templates mainly contain additional requirements for a particular measurement, like limit lines or channel tables. Creating and editing these templates is only possible with the functionality provided by the R&S FSH4View software package.

• Page 46: Saving Datasets

  R&S FSH Operating the R&S FSH Managing Datasets 1.9.1 Saving Datasets The R&S FSH allows you to save the data that is currently analyzed at any time. ► Press the SAVE/RECALL key. The R&S FSH opens the file manager. ► Press the «Save» softkey. The R&S FSH opens the «Save Dataset»…

• Page 47
  R&S FSH Operating the R&S FSH Managing Datasets The default file name for datasets is «Dataset###.set» with a new number in ascending order for each new dataset. The file extension for datasets is .set. If you enter another name, the R&S FSH uses that name and assigns a new number to the file name if you save the data set the next time.
• Page 48
  R&S FSH Operating the R&S FSH Managing Datasets 1.9.1.2 Renaming File Names If necessary, you can rename files or file directories directly on the R&S FSH. ► Enter the «File Manager». ► Select the file or directory you want to rename. ►…
• Page 49
  R&S FSH Operating the R&S FSH Managing Datasets Note that by default, the R&S FSH adds a term without separators between each term. If you need a separator between the term, you can add a blank space or an underscore. ►…
• Page 50
  R&S FSH Operating the R&S FSH Managing Datasets Example: FSH4View.exe -csv ‘Dataset.set’ ‘Dataset.csv’ Renames the file Datset.set into Dataset.csv. Environment variables The command line option only works if you execute the command from the installation folder of R&S FSH4View software. Otherwise, you have to set a «Path»…

• Page 51: Restoring Datasets

  R&S FSH Operating the R&S FSH Managing Datasets 1.9.2 Restoring Datasets You can preview and load previously saved measurement results with the recall function of the R&S FSH. This function also provides easy access to previous measurement settings so that you do not have to set up the R&S FSH again. ►…

• Page 52
  R&S FSH Operating the R&S FSH Managing Datasets 1.9.2.3 Quick Recall of Instrument Settings For regular measurement tasks, the R&S FSH allows quick access to previously saved datasets by linking a particular dataset to one of the softkeys. Assigning a dataset to one of the softkeys ►…

• Page 53: Deleting Datasets

  R&S FSH Operating the R&S FSH Managing Datasets 1.9.3 Deleting Datasets If you have to delete a dataset, you can do so with the file manager. ► Press the SAVE/RECALL key. ► Press the «File Manager» softkey. The R&S FSH opens the file manager. ►…

• Page 54: Updating The Firmware

  R&S FSH Operating the R&S FSH Updating the Firmware 1.10 Updating the Firmware You can download new firmware versions from the R&S FSH website. http://www.rohde-schwarz.com/product/fsh.html The website also provides release notes for each new firmware version. The release notes include instructions on how to perform a firmware update. 1.11 Installing Firmware Options You can equip the R&S FSH with several firmware options to enable additional operating modes or special measurements.

• Page 55: Working With The Measurement Wizard

  R&S FSH Working with the Measurement Wizard Installing Firmware Options 2 Working with the Measurement Wizard When testing antennas and cables it is often necessary to perform a sequence of standardized and recurring measurements, often in an environment that is not easily accessible.

• Page 56: Preparing The Measurement

  R&S FSH Working with the Measurement Wizard Preparing the Measurement 2.1 Preparing the Measurement Before you can use the measurement wizard you have to define a measurement set with the R&S FSH4View software package and transfer it to the R&S FSH. The R&S FSH4View software package is delivered with the R&S FSH.

• Page 57
  R&S FSH Working with the Measurement Wizard Preparing the Measurement Control of cable characteristics (model and length) after individual measurements List of datasets that are available via the PC 10 List of datasets that are currently part of the measurement set 11 File management options 12 Preview dataset button ►…

• Page 58: Uploading Measurement Sets

  R&S FSH Working with the Measurement Wizard Preparing the Measurement 2.1.2 Uploading Measurement Sets In order to perform the actual measurements, you have to upload the wizard definition file that contains the set of measurements to the R&S FSH. ► Select the «Wizard Set Control» function with the button.

• Page 59: Using The Measurement Wizard

  R&S FSH Working with the Measurement Wizard Using the Measurement Wizard 2.2 Using the Measurement Wizard Now that the measurement set is available on the R&S FSH you can start performing measurements. 2.2.1 Starting the Measurement Wizard ► Press the USER key. ►…

• Page 60
  R&S FSH Working with the Measurement Wizard Using the Measurement Wizard ● Site Name Location of the measurement. This field is available on the R&S FSH only. ● Comments Comments about the measurement, e.g. the external conditions during the measurement. ●…

• Page 61: Performing A Sequence Of Measurements

  R&S FSH Working with the Measurement Wizard Using the Measurement Wizard 2.2.2 Performing a Sequence of Measurements Now that you have updated all parameters concerning the measurement task, you can start the measurement procedure. ► Press the «Start Meas Set» softkey. If calibration of the R&S FSH is necessary for the measurement task, it asks you to perform the calibration routine.

• Page 62
  R&S FSH Working with the Measurement Wizard Using the Measurement Wizard The R&S FSH performs the measurement as defined in the dataset and measurement set. When finished, it shows the measurement results and says Note that it is not possible to change any measurement parameters while using the measurement wizard.
• Page 63
  R&S FSH Working with the Measurement Wizard Using the Measurement Wizard Skip a measurement («Skip Meas» softkey). Skips a single measurement and initiates the subsequent measurement. Skipping individual measurements is possible when you turn on «Allow to skip measurements and finish wizard sequence» in the «Wizard Set Editor» of the R&S FSH4View software.

• Page 64: Evaluating Results

  R&S FSH Working with the Measurement Wizard Evaluating Results 2.3 Evaluating Results The R&S FSH4View software provides functionality to evaluate results and compile measurement reports. However, before you can start to evaluate the results you have to download the results to your computer. ►…

• Page 65: Spectrum Analyzer Mode

  R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Performing Spectrum Measurements 3 Spectrum Analyzer Mode The default operating mode of the R&S FSH is the spectrum analyzer. The spectrum analyzer provides the functionality to perform measurements in the frequency domain, e.g. to identify the power of signals. 3.1 Performing Spectrum Measurements In addition to basic spectrum measurements, the R&S FSH provides several specific measurements.

• Page 66: Measuring The Channel Power Of Continuously Modulated Signals

  R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Performing Spectrum Measurements 3.1.2 Measuring the Channel Power of Continuously Modulated Signals The channel power measurement selectively measures the power of modulated signals. Unlike a power meter that performs measurements over its entire frequency range, the channel power measurement measures the power of a specific transmission channel.

• Page 67
  R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Performing Spectrum Measurements 3.1.2.1 Selecting the Standard If you need to perform measurements that are conform to a telecommunications standard, you can activate one of the predefined standards that are already stored in the R&S FSH memory. However, you can create new configurations to perform measurements on other standards as well.
• Page 68
  R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Performing Spectrum Measurements 3.1.2.3 Setting the Channel Bandwidth The channel bandwidth specifies the frequency range around the center frequency, over which the R&S FSH performs the power measurement. ► Press the MEAS key. ► Press the «Chan BW» softkey. The R&S FSH opens an input field to specify the channel bandwidth.
• Page 69
  R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Performing Spectrum Measurements 3.1.2.5 Measuring the Maximum Channel Power If signal levels fluctuate significantly, you can define the maximum channel power with the Max Hold function. ► Press the MEAS key. ► Press the «Power Display» softkey. ►…

• Page 70: Measuring The Occupied Bandwidth

  R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Performing Spectrum Measurements 3.1.3 Measuring the Occupied Bandwidth The proper operation of a transmission network requires that all transmitters adhere to the bandwidths assigned to them. The occupied bandwidth is defined as the bandwidth that contains a specified percentage of the entire power of the transmitter. Numerous standards require a occupied bandwidth of 99 %.

• Page 71
  R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Performing Spectrum Measurements 3.1.3.1 Selecting a Standard If you need to perform measurements that are conform to a telecommunications standard, you can activate one of the predefined standards that are already stored in the R&S FSH memory. However, you can create new configurations to perform measurements on other standards as well.
• Page 72
  R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Performing Spectrum Measurements To prevent an overload, perform the measurement with the largest resolution bandwidth possible using the peak detector. If you set these parameters, it is not possible for the trace to exceed the reference level. To simplify operation and to prevent incorrect measurements, the R&S FSH has an automatic routine for setting the reference level.
• Page 73
  R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Performing Spectrum Measurements 3.1.3.5 Changing the Span Usually, the span the R&S FSH sets yields optimal results. But sometimes you also need to see the spectrum outside the current span to detect other signal components that you need to include in the measurement.

• Page 74: Power Measurements On Tdma Signals

  R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Performing Spectrum Measurements 3.1.4 Power Measurements on TDMA Signals When TDMA (time division multiple access) methods are used, e.g. for GSM, several users share a channel. Each user is assigned a period of time or timeslot. With the TDMA power measurement, you can determine the power over one of the timeslots.

• Page 75
  R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Performing Spectrum Measurements 3.1.4.1 Selecting a Standard If you need to perform measurements that are conform to a telecommunications standard, you can activate one of the predefined standards that are already stored in the R&S FSH memory. When starting the measurement in the default configuration, the R&S FSH automatically activates the GSM/EDGE standard.
• Page 76
  R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Performing Spectrum Measurements Because the resolution bandwidths of the R&S FSH are implemented digitally after the A/D converter, the signal level at the A/D converter can be higher than the level indicated by the trace, depending on the selected resolution bandwidth. To prevent the A/D converter from being overloaded, the signal must be measured at the widest resolution bandwidth and video bandwidth with the peak detector.

• Page 77: Measuring The Adjacent Channel Leakage Ratio (Aclr)

  R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Performing Spectrum Measurements 3.1.5 Measuring the Adjacent Channel Leakage Ratio (ACLR) The Adjacent Channel Leakage Ratio (ACLR) measurement is a method to measure the power over more than one transmission channel and also evaluate the power of the adjacent (or alternate) channels of the transmission channel.

• Page 78
  R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Performing Spectrum Measurements The predefined standards are the same as for channel power measurements (3GPP WCDMA, cdmaOne and CDMA2000 1x systems). However, you can also customize the settings to set up the R&S FSH for other radio communication standards. You can define the settings directly on the R&S FSH or define and manage them using the R&S FSH4View software.
• Page 79
  R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Performing Spectrum Measurements For standard NADC/IS136 this would not be not possible, for example, since the spectrum of the transmit signal penetrates into the adjacent channels and a too large resolution bandwidth causes a too low selection of the channel filter. The adjacent-channel power would thus be measured too high.
• Page 80
  R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Performing Spectrum Measurements 3.1.5.1 Selecting a Standard If you need to perform measurements that are conform to a telecommunications standard, you can activate one of the predefined standards that are already stored in the R&S FSH memory. Those predefined standards have already been set up to yield the best results.
• Page 81
  R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Performing Spectrum Measurements Setting the channel bandwidth The channel bandwidth specifies the frequency range around the center frequency, over which the R&S FSH performs the power measurement. ► Press the MEAS key. ► Press the «Channel BW» softkey. The R&S FSH opens a dialog box to specify the channel bandwidth for all channels.
• Page 82
  R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Performing Spectrum Measurements ► Select the channel you want to change the spacing for. ► Activate the input by pressing the ENTER key. ► Enter the channel spacing you need. The R&S FSH now takes the new values into account for future measurements.
• Page 83
  R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Performing Spectrum Measurements 3.1.5.3 Normalization of Measurement Results By default, the power of the channels and adjacent channels is displayed in the unit dBm. It is also possible to display the power density of the signal to, for example, measure the signal/noise power density or obtain the signal to noise ratio.
• Page 84
  R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Performing Spectrum Measurements Max Power Tx Channel The channel with the highest power level is the reference channel. Lowest Highest Channel The outer left-hand transmission channel is the reference channel for the lower adjacent channels. The outer right-hand transmission channel is the reference channel for the upper adjacent channels.
• Page 85
  R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Performing Spectrum Measurements Performing a limit check ► Press the «Channel Settings» softkey. ► Select the «Check Channel Limits» menu item. The R&S FSH automatically performs limit checks. The results of the limit check are displayed in the table above the trace. If a result fails the limit check, it turns red and has a star (*) in front of its power level.

• Page 86: Measuring The Spectrum Emission Mask

  R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Performing Spectrum Measurements 3.1.6 Measuring the Spectrum Emission Mask The Spectrum Emission Mask (SEM) measurement is a method to detect spurious emissions or intermodulation products of a signal. When performing a SEM measurement, the R&S FSH checks the signal against a spectral mask to see whether the signal complies with a specific standard or not.

• Page 87
  R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Performing Spectrum Measurements Markers in the SEM measurement In addition to the normal marker functionality of the R&S FSH, the SEM measurement provides special markers labeled P1 to Px. The R&S FSH activates and positions these special markers automatically after displaying the trace.
• Page 88
  R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Performing Spectrum Measurements 3.1.6.3 Viewing the Results in a Table You can add a table to the display that shows the measurement results in numerical form. ► Press the MEAS key. ► Press the «View List» softkey. The R&S FSH shows a list above the trace diagram.

• Page 89: Measuring The Harmonic Distortion

  R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Performing Spectrum Measurements 3.1.7 Measuring the Harmonic Distortion The Harmonic Distortion measurement is an easy way to identify the harmonics of a DUT. In addition to the graphic display of the harmonics, this measurement mode also calculates the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) and shows the results.

• Page 90
  R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Performing Spectrum Measurements 3.1.7.1 Defining the Number of Harmonics By default, the R&S FSH shows the signal and its first harmonic. Each harmonic is indicated by a marker that the R&S FSH places on the harmonic (here M1 and M2). Note that all of the markers that have been set are normal markers that show the absolute frequency of the harmonic.

• Page 91: Measuring The Am Modulation Depth

  R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Performing Spectrum Measurements 3.1.8 Measuring the AM Modulation Depth The AM Modulation Depth measurement analyzes AM modulated signals and calculates the modulation depth of the signal using the measurement results. Note that the measurement works properly only if you apply an AM modulated signal. ►…

• Page 92
  R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Performing Spectrum Measurements From the values of the markers, the R&S FSH then calculates the AM modulation depth. The AM modulation depth is the ratio between the power values at the reference marker and at the delta markers. When the powers of the two AM side bands are not the same, the R&S FSH uses the mean value of the two sideband values.

• Page 93: Measuring Spurious Emissions

  R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Performing Spectrum Measurements 3.1.9 Measuring Spurious Emissions The Spurious Emission measurement is a tool to monitor unwanted emissions in the frequency spectrum outside of an assigned channel (carrier). When performing a Spurious Emission measurement, the R&S FSH checks the spectrum that you have defined against a limit line to see whether the signal complies with a specific standard or not.

• Page 94
  R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Performing Spectrum Measurements Note that the frequency range of the actual measurement depends on the start and stop frequency you have set for the carrier. Correct measurement results are therefore only possible if the frequency ranges of the measurement are inside the current span of the R&S FSH.
• Page 95
  R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Performing Spectrum Measurements The list contains information for each frequency range that the measurement covers. Thus, the number of entries in the list depends on the overall frequency span you are using for the measurement. The following ranges have been defined: ●…

• Page 96: Working With The Spectrogram Result Display (R&S Fsh-K14/ -K15)

  R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Performing Spectrum Measurements 3.1.10 Working with the Spectrogram Result Display (R&S FSH-K14/ -K15) With option R&S FSH-K14 or R&S FSH-K15, you can view measurement results in a spectrogram. The spectrogram result display shows the spectral density of a signal in the frequency domain and over time simultaneously.

• Page 97
  R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Performing Spectrum Measurements ► Press the MEAS key. ► Press the «Meas Mode» softkey. ► Select the «Spectrogram» menu item. The R&S FSH starts the spectrogram result display. By default, the spectrogram result display consists of two windows. The upper window shows the measured spectrum as a trace line.
• Page 98
  R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Performing Spectrum Measurements ► The «Spectrogram Full Screen» menu item is marked by an [X]. It may, however, be necessary that the spectrum result display is still visible to evaluate measurement results. For this purpose, the spectrogram has an (invisible) scrollbar that you can use to scroll up and down the spectrogram to the frame that you’d like to see.
• Page 99
  R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Performing Spectrum Measurements The following examples are based on the green-yellow color scheme. ► Select the color scheme you are most comfortable with. The R&S FSH adjusts the screen colors according to your selection. It is possible that the color distribution is not ideal in the current configuration. You have two ways to set things straight.
• Page 100
  R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Performing Spectrum Measurements The result however, still does not show signal differences in detail. The only thing that happened is that the colors have shifted, in the example to yellow, because the color that corresponds to the reference level has shifted from green to yellow.
• Page 101
  R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Performing Spectrum Measurements ► Instead of entering a level range of 40 dB, enter a level range of 35 dB or even 30 dB. This will provide a high contrast between signal parts that are above the noise floor, and the noise floor, which is drawn in black.
• Page 102
  R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Performing Spectrum Measurements 3.1.10.5 Playback of a Spectrogram If you have recorded a spectrogram and have saved it in internal memory, a memory stick or the SD card, you can view the results of that measurement at a later time. ►…
• Page 103
  R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Performing Spectrum Measurements ► Press the «Select Time Line» softkey. The R&S FSH opens an input field to define the position of the first time line (T1). ► Position the time line by entering a number or moving it with the rotary knob. Entering 0 sets the time line marker on the most recent frame.
• Page 104
  R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Performing Spectrum Measurements ► Press the MARKER key. The R&S FSH activates a marker and sets it on the peak level of the currently displayed spectrum. ► Use the rotary knob or the cursor keys to move the marker on the horizontal axis to the frequency you want to analyze, or enter the frequency directly with the number…
• Page 105
  R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Performing Spectrum Measurements When you playback the spectrogram, the currently used file is indicated in the display. Note that it might take a little while to access a new file during spectrogram playback (a corresponding message is shown). Configuring Long Time Spectrograms You can define several characteristics of the long time spectrogram in the “Measure Setup”…
• Page 106
  R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Performing Spectrum Measurements ● Position markers in the spectrogram via the «Show» menu and the «Measurement” panel on the right side of the user interface. ● Configure markers via the «Setup» panel on the right side of the user interface. ●…

• Page 107: Using Isotropic Antennas

  R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Performing Spectrum Measurements 3.1.11 Using Isotropic Antennas The R&S FSH supports measurements with an isotropic antenna. You can use any isotropic antenna available with the R&S TS-EMF system (order no. 1158.9295.05). Each of those antennas supports a different frequency range between 9 kHz and 6 GHz.

• Page 108
  R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Performing Spectrum Measurements If you are using the extension cable R&S TS-EMFZ2, you have to take this into account as a secondary transducer. ► Press the «Transducer» softkey. ► Select the «Select Secondary Transducer» menu item. The R&S FSH opens a dialog box to select transducer factors with the unit dB.

• Page 109: Configuring Spectrum Measurements

  R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Configuring Spectrum Measurements 3.2 Configuring Spectrum Measurements 3.2.1 Configuring the Horizontal Axis The FREQ key contains all necessary functions to configure the horizontal axis for spectrum measurements. The contents of the menu depend on the currently selected measurement. Usually, the horizontal axis contains frequency information in spectrum mode.

• Page 110
  R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Configuring Spectrum Measurements 0.1 x Span The step size equals 10% of the span or 1 division of the horizontal axis. =Center The step size equals the center frequency. This step size is ideal for measurements on harmonics. When you increase or decrease the center frequency, the center frequency automatically moves to the next harmonic.
• Page 111
  The available span for frequency domain measurements depends on the instrument model. ● R&S FSH4: 10 Hz to 3.6 GHz ● R&S FSH8: 10 Hz to 8 GHz ● R&S FSH13: 10 Hz to 13.6 GHz ●…
• Page 112
  R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Configuring Spectrum Measurements If you have to switch between full span and a smaller span, you can do so without having to enter the numeric values. ► Press the SPAN key. ► Press the «Full Span» softkey. The R&S FSH displays the spectrum over its entire frequency range.

• Page 113: Configuring The Vertical Axis

  R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Configuring Spectrum Measurements 3.2.2 Configuring the Vertical Axis All relevant settings to configure the vertical axis are available in the amplitude menu. You can access it via the AMPT key. 3.2.2.1 Setting the Reference Level The reference level is represented graphically by the grid line at the top of the diagram.

• Page 114
  R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Configuring Spectrum Measurements However, increasing resolution does not increase the accuracy of, for example, the marker level readout, but only makes it easier to read values off the trace. You can also select a linear scale for the vertical axis. In that case, the power levels are expressed as a percentage of the reference level.
• Page 115
  R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Configuring Spectrum Measurements 3.2.2.5 Setting the RF Attenuation RF attenuation adjusts the input range inside the analyzer. It is coupled directly to the reference level. If you have set a high reference level, RF attenuation is turned on in 10 dB steps according to the table below so that the input mixer always remains in the linear range.
• Page 116
  R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Configuring Spectrum Measurements ► Press the AMPT key. ► Press the «RF Att / Amp / Imp» softkey. ► Select either the «Auto Low Distortion» or the «Auto Low Noise» menu item. The R&S FSH sets the attenuation according to the table above. ►…

• Page 117: Setting Bandwidths

  R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Configuring Spectrum Measurements 3.2.3 Setting Bandwidths The bandwidth menu contains all settings to set up filter bandwidths available in the R&S FSH. You can access it with the BW key. 3.2.3.1 Setting the Resolution Bandwidth The resolution bandwidth in a spectrum analyzer determines the frequency resolution for frequency domain measurements and therefore determines how well it can separate adjacent frequencies.

• Page 118
  R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Configuring Spectrum Measurements ► Press the «Manual RBW» softkey. The R&S FSH opens an input field to define the resolution bandwidth. ► Enter the resolution bandwidth you need. The R&S FSH uses the resolution bandwidth you have entered for the measurement.
• Page 119
  R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Configuring Spectrum Measurements If the bandwidth of the video filter is less than the frequency of the AC component, it is suppressed depending on its maximum frequency. If the AM component should be displayed truly, the cutoff frequency of the filter has to be greater than the modulation frequency.

• Page 120: Configuring And Triggering The Sweep

  R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Configuring Spectrum Measurements 3.2.4 Configuring and Triggering the Sweep You can find all necessary settings to configure the sweep itself in the sweep menu. To access it, press the SWEEP key. 3.2.4.1 Setting the Sweep Time The sweep time is the time it takes the R&S FSH to get the results that are contained in one trace.

• Page 121
  R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Configuring Spectrum Measurements In some cases it may be sufficient to get the results over a single sweep only, e.g. if a particular trigger condition is met. In single sweep mode, the R&S FSH performs the sweep a certain number of times (depending on the number of averages you have set) over the defined range of the horizontal axis (frequency or time) and then stops measuring.
• Page 122
  R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Configuring Spectrum Measurements ● Gated Trigger When the gated trigger is active, a gate signal that is applied to the R&S FSH trigger input controls the sweep. The R&S FSH starts measuring when the applied gate signal becomes active and the set gate delay has expired, and it interrupts the measurement as soon as the defined gate length is reached.
• Page 123
  R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Configuring Spectrum Measurements ► Press the SWEEP key. ► Press the «Trigger» softkey. ► Select the «Trigger Delay…» menu item. The R&S FSH opens an input field to define the trigger delay. ► Enter the delay time you need. Defining the Trigger Level When you are using the video trigger, you have to define a trigger level.
• Page 124
  R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Configuring Spectrum Measurements The R&S FSH opens a softkey submenu to control the gate settings. At the same time, the R&S FSH switches into time domain, as indicated in the display. ► Press the «Manual SWP Time» softkey and set the sweep time in a way that the portion of interest of the signal is visible on the screen.
• Page 125
  R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Configuring Spectrum Measurements Prefer FFT The R&S FSH samples the signal levels over time on a defined frequency value and transforms it to the spectrum by fast Fourier transformation (FFT). Note that an FFT sweep is not possible under the following circumstances: ●…

• Page 126: Working With Traces

  R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Configuring Spectrum Measurements 3.2.5 Working with Traces The trace menu contains all functions available to customize the trace display. 3.2.5.1 Selecting the Trace Mode The R&S FSH provides several trace modes. The trace mode defines the way the R&S FSH writes the trace.

• Page 127
  R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Configuring Spectrum Measurements ► Press the TRACE key. ► Press the «Trace Mode» softkey. The R&S FSH opens a submenu to select the trace mode. ► Select the trace mode you want to work with. If you have selected the average trace mode («Average: 10″…
• Page 128
  R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Configuring Spectrum Measurements ● Sample If the sample detector is active, the R&S FSH shows one random power level that was measured in the frequency range covered by a pixel. The sample detector is useful for measurements in the time domain (span = 0 Hz) as it provides the only way to represent the timing of the video signal correctly.
• Page 129
  R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Configuring Spectrum Measurements If you select the detector manually, the detector is independent of the trace mode and will not change. ► Press the TRACE key. ► Press the «Detector» softkey. ► Select the detector you want to use. If you automatic detector selection is active, the corresponding menu item is marked by an [X].
• Page 130
  R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Configuring Spectrum Measurements 3.2.5.4 Working with Memory Traces You can save the image of both traces to the memory of the R&S FSH and later restore it and compare it to a live trace. The memory trace is always colored white to distinguish it from the live trace.

• Page 131: Using Markers

  R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Configuring Spectrum Measurements 3.2.6 Using Markers The spectrum analyzer mode provides marker and deltamarker functionality. In addition, you can use several marker functions. 3.2.6.1 Using Markers and Deltamarkers The R&S FSH has six markers, five of which can be used as either markers or delta markers.

• Page 132
  R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Configuring Spectrum Measurements 3.2.6.2 Positioning Markers ► Press the MARKER key. The marker menu opens. If, as yet, no marker has been activated, the R&S FSH automatically activates the main marker and positions it on the maximum level that has been measured. In addition, the marker frequency input field opens.
• Page 133
  R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Configuring Spectrum Measurements ► Confirm the delta marker position with the ENTER key. The delta marker input field closes. ► To add more markers, press the «New Marker» softkey several times until you have the number of markers you want in the display. 3.2.6.4 Selecting the Marker Type When you add new markers, they will be delta markers by default.
• Page 134
  R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Configuring Spectrum Measurements 3.2.6.6 Removing Markers Remove markers any time you want. Removing selected markers ► Select the marker you want to delete with the «Select Marker» softkey. The corresponding marker symbol turns red and the marker input field opens. ►…
• Page 135
  R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Configuring Spectrum Measurements 3.2.6.7 Using Marker Search Limits The R&S FSH allows you to use only a limited section of the trace for the «Set to Peak», «Set to Next Peak» and «Minimum» functions. ► Press the MKR key. ►…
• Page 136
  R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Configuring Spectrum Measurements 3.2.6.8 Using Marker Functions In addition to the frequency and level readout, the R&S FSH provides several, more complex, marker functions in spectrum analyzer mode. Deactivating marker functions Selecting a marker function again while it is still active turns that marker function off. Measuring the Noise Power Density The marker noise function calculates the noise power density at the marker position in dBm/Hz.
• Page 137
  R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Configuring Spectrum Measurements The accuracy of the results therefore depends only on the accuracy of the internal reference frequency (TCXO). The frequency counter has a resolution of 0.1 Hz and therefore provides far more accurate results. Despite the accuracy, the measurement is still fast (because of a special algorithm for the I/Q baseband signal).
• Page 138
  R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Configuring Spectrum Measurements ► Select the «n dB Down» menu item The R&S FSH displays two temporary markers on the left and on the right of the reference marker M1. It also shows the bandwidth between the n dB down markers.
• Page 139
  R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Configuring Spectrum Measurements Defining the demodulation time period ► Press the MARKER key. ► Press the «Marker Function» softkey. ► Select the «Time…» menu item. The R&S FSH opens an input field to define the demodulation time. ►…

• Page 140: Using Display Lines

  R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Configuring Spectrum Measurements 3.2.7 Using Display Lines Like markers, display lines help you to determine the level of the signal. A display line is a straight line that runs horizontally and corresponds to a certain level value.

• Page 141: Using Limit Lines

  R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Configuring Spectrum Measurements 3.2.8 Using Limit Lines Limit lines help you to identify if a signal complies with certain level characteristics. A limit line is made up out of two or more points that are connected to a line. Each of the points that define the shape of the limit line consists of two coordinates.

• Page 142
  R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Configuring Spectrum Measurements ► Select the «Show Compatible» menu item. The R&S FSH shows all limit lines that are compatible to the current settings. ► Select one of the available limit lines. ► Press the «Select» softkey. The R&S FSH activates the limit line.
• Page 143
  R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Configuring Spectrum Measurements Audio signal You can turn the acoustic signal that sounds in case of a limit violation on and off. ► Press the «Options» softkey. ► Select the «Audio Beep» menu item. An [X] in front of the «Audio Beep» menu item indicates that the beeper is active. If the audio beep is active, the R&S FSH beeps each time a limit is violated.

• Page 144: Working With Channel Tables

  R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Working with Channel Tables 3.3 Working with Channel Tables Almost all transmission systems divide their assigned frequency ranges into channels. Each channel corresponds to a specific frequency. To keep the handling of such systems simple, you can use channel tables instead of entering frequencies manually. The R&S FSH already comes with an assortment of channel tables that you can use without doing anything.

• Page 145: Using Transducer Factors

  R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Using Transducer Factors 3.4 Using Transducer Factors The frequency-dependent transducer factor of transducers and antennas can be directly considered in the measurement result. A transducer factor consists of a numeric value and a unit. The R&S FSH corrects the level values of the trace by the values of the transducer.

• Page 146: Unit For Measurements With Transducers

  R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Using Transducer Factors You can select two transducer factors, a primary transducer and a secondary transducer. If a transducer factor is active, the menu item has an [X] in front of it. ► Select the «Select Primary Transducer» menu item. The R&S FSH opens a dialog box to select the transducer factor.

• Page 147: Frequency Range Of Transducer

  R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Using Transducer Factors 3.4.3 Frequency Range of Transducer If the set frequency range is wider than the span in which a transducer is defined, the R&S FSH assumes the transducer values outside the defined range to be zero. 3.4.4 Data Sets Containing Transducer Factors The R&S FSH stores data sets together with any transducer factors that may have been active for the measurement in question.

• Page 148: Power Meter

  R&S FSH Power Meter Using a Power Sensor 4 Power Meter For highly accurate power measurements, you can connect a power sensor to the R&S FSH and perform measurements. 4.1 Using a Power Sensor The power sensor function turns the R&S FSH into a wideband power meter. It then always measures the power of the whole signal in the frequency range of the power sensor.

• Page 149
  R&S FSH Power Meter Using a Power Sensor If you are using one of the NRP power sensors you also need a passive USB adapter (R&S NRP-Z4) to connect the power sensor to the R&S FSH. For more information on the characteristics of the supported power sensors see ●…

• Page 150: Connecting A Power Sensor

  R&S FSH Power Meter Using a Power Sensor 4.1.1 Connecting a Power Sensor The R&S FSH controls and powers the power sensors via a special interface on the top of the instrument. You can also connect a power sensor via the USB interface on the right.

• Page 151: Performing And Configuring Measurements

  R&S FSH Power Meter Using a Power Sensor 4.1.2 Performing and Configuring Measurements After you have connected a power sensor, the R&S FSH immediately starts to measure the signal power. Defining the center frequency Power sensors have a memory containing correction values that are dependent on the frequency.

• Page 152
  R&S FSH Power Meter Using a Power Sensor Selecting the unit for the power readout The R&S FSH can display measured power in relative units (dBm) or in absolute units (W, mW, µW, nW and pW). It is also possible to set a reference level in dB. ►…
• Page 153
  R&S FSH Power Meter Using a Power Sensor Taking additional loss or gain into account At high powers that cause the power sensor maximum input level to be exceeded or at very low levels that are below the R&S FSH minimum sensitivity, the R&S FSH can take additional loss or gain between the DUT and the power sensor into account.

• Page 154: Using A Directional Power Sensor

  R&S FSH Power Meter Using a Directional Power Sensor 4.2 Using a Directional Power Sensor For power measurements in both directions (forward and reverse), you can connect directional power sensors to the R&S FSH. The R&S FSH supports the following directional power sensors: ●…

• Page 155: Connecting A Directional Power Sensor

  R&S FSH Power Meter Using a Directional Power Sensor 4.2.1 Connecting a Directional Power Sensor The R&S FSH controls and powers the directional power sensors via a special interface on the top of the instrument. Connect the power sensor cable to the power sensor interface and screw it into position.

• Page 156: Performing And Configuring Measurements

  R&S FSH Power Meter Using a Directional Power Sensor 4.2.2 Performing and Configuring Measurements After you have connected a power sensor, the R&S FSH immediately starts to measure the signal power. When measuring high powers, pay strict attention to the following instructions to avoid personal injury and to prevent the power sensor from being destroyed Risk of skin burns and / or damage to the R&S FSH Measuring high powers may lead to skin burns and / or damage to the R&S FSH.

• Page 157
  R&S FSH Power Meter Using a Directional Power Sensor Setting the power measurement weighting mode For forward power display, the R&S FSH provides both average power and peak envelope power. ► Press the MEAS key. ► Press the «Fwrd Pwr Display» softkey. ►…
• Page 158
  R&S FSH Power Meter Using a Directional Power Sensor Taking additional attenuation into account When the directional power sensor is connected to a test point not directly but via a cable, the influence of cable attenuation can be taken into account. For this purpose, the cable attenuation for the measurement frequency in question is to be entered, i.e.

• Page 159: Using The Internal Power Meter

  R&S FSH Power Meter Using the Internal Power Meter 4.3 Using the Internal Power Meter The R&S FSH also supports power measurements without using a power sensor. In that case, you can connect the DUT directly to the R&S FSH and still perform accurate channel power measurements.

• Page 160: Performing Pulse Power Measurements (R&S Fsh-K29)

  R&S FSH Power Meter Performing Pulse Power Measurements (R&S FSH-K29) 4.4 Performing Pulse Power Measurements (R&S FSH- K29) When you equip the R&S FSH with firmware option R&S FSH-K29, and connect one of the wideband power sensors available from Rohde & Schwarz (R&S NRP-Z81, -Z85 or -Z86), you can perform pulse power measurements with your R&S FSH.

• Page 161
  R&S FSH Power Meter Performing Pulse Power Measurements (R&S FSH-K29) Connected power sensor model Header table showing various hardware settings Marker table Numerical results showing the pulse characteristics Diagram showing the pulse characteristics in a graphical format (trace display) Measurement frequency Scale of the x-axis Softkey menu of thze pulse power measurement application The following power characteristics are calculated and displayed as numerical values…
• Page 162
  R&S FSH Power Meter Performing Pulse Power Measurements (R&S FSH-K29) Pulse characteristic Description Time that the pulse remains at the top level («ON»). Pulse Width This is the time between the first positive edge and the subsequent negative edge of the pulse in seconds, where the edges occur at crossings of the mid threshold. Time that is elapsing from the beginning of one pulse to the beginning of the next Pulse Period pulse.

• Page 163: Configuring The Numerical Result Display

  R&S FSH Power Meter Performing Pulse Power Measurements (R&S FSH-K29) 4.4.1 Configuring the Numerical Result Display The functions available for the numerical result display are the same as those available for normal power sensor measurements. For more information see «Performing and Configuring Measurements»…

• Page 164
  R&S FSH Power Meter Performing Pulse Power Measurements (R&S FSH-K29) Defining reference levels for pulse timing calculation To calculate pulse timing parameters, like the rise and fall time of the pulse, you have to define several reference levels. All reference levels are a percentage of the pulse amplitude, either expressed in terms of power (Watt) or voltage (Volt).
• Page 165
  R&S FSH Power Meter Performing Pulse Power Measurements (R&S FSH-K29) 4.4.2.3 Averaging Traces Selecting the trace mode The Power vs Time result display provides two trace modes. ● The «Clear / Write» mode overwrites the trace data after each measurement. ●…
• Page 166
  R&S FSH Power Meter Performing Pulse Power Measurements (R&S FSH-K29) In case of triggered measurements, you have to define a trigger level by which the signal must rise or fall in order to be recognized. ► Press the SWEEP key. ►…

• Page 167: Interference Analyzer (R&S Fsh-K15/ -K16)

  R&S FSH Interference Analyzer (R&S FSH-K15/ -K16) Performing Pulse Power Measurements (R&S FSH-K29) 5 Interference Analyzer (R&S FSH-K15/ -K16) In wireless systems, interference causes low data rates, dropped calls and poor voice quality, often making it impossible to establish or maintain a connection. Equipped with option R&S FSH-K15 (order no.

• Page 168
  R&S FSH Interference Analyzer (R&S FSH-K15/ -K16) Performing Pulse Power Measurements (R&S FSH-K29) Indoor Mapping (R&S FSH-K17) ► Press the MEAS key. ► Press the «Meas Mode» softkey. ► Select the «Indoor Mapping» menu item. The R&S FSH provides the geotagging measurement functions. For more information see «Working with Maps»…

• Page 169: Measuring The Spectrum

  R&S FSH Interference Analyzer (R&S FSH-K15/ -K16) Measuring the Spectrum 5.1 Measuring the Spectrum Most spectrum measurements of the interference analyzer are also available in Spectrum mode. Using these measurements allow you to locate interferences in the frequency spectrum. ● «Measuring the Channel Power of Continuously Modulated Signals»…

• Page 170: Measuring The Carrier-To-Interference Ratio

  R&S FSH Interference Analyzer (R&S FSH-K15/ -K16) Measuring the Spectrum 5.1.2 Measuring the Carrier-to-Interference Ratio The Carrier-to-Interference (C/I) measurement is a tool to determine if a signal is affected by interference from neighboring channels. In case of the carrier-to- interference measurement, the R&S FSH determines the distance between the level of the carrier and the second strongest level.

• Page 171: Analyzing Interference Measurements

  R&S FSH Interference Analyzer (R&S FSH-K15/ -K16) Measuring the Spectrum 5.1.3 Analyzing Interference Measurements 5.1.3.1 Trace Mathematics («Diff Mode») The Interference Analyzer provides a quick way to apply trace mathematics («Trace — Memory Trace») and thus a quick way to compare the current results with a previous one.

• Page 172: Working With Maps

  R&S FSH Interference Analyzer (R&S FSH-K15/ -K16) Working with Maps 5.2 Working with Maps Options R&S FSH-K15 and -K16 allow you to work with maps, for example view and save the position of measurements. With option R&S FSH-K15 you are also able to determine the source of interference (through triangulation).

• Page 173: Transferring Indoor Maps (R&S Fsh-K17)

  R&S FSH Interference Analyzer (R&S FSH-K15/ -K16) Working with Maps 5.2.2 Transferring Indoor Maps (R&S FSH-K17) Before you can use the features of the indoor mapping application, you have to create an indoor map (for example a floor plan). These maps are created with features available in the R&S FSH4View software package, and are based on an image of the area you would like to measure.

• Page 174: Displaying Maps

  R&S FSH Interference Analyzer (R&S FSH-K15/ -K16) Working with Maps 5.2.3 Displaying Maps After you have downloaded or created the maps you need, save them to an SD card, which you can use with the R&S FSH. ► Enter the «Maps» or «Indoor Maps» mode.

• Page 175
  R&S FSH Interference Analyzer (R&S FSH-K15/ -K16) Working with Maps Current type of result display Connected device: green color = GPS connection established, red color GPS connection not established Hardware settings GPS information, incl compass information, GPS connection quality and triangulation results (not in R&S FSH-K17) Power results (incl.
• Page 176
  R&S FSH Interference Analyzer (R&S FSH-K15/ -K16) Working with Maps 5.2.3.1 Zooming in and out of the Map If you have downloaded different zoom levels of your maps, or if you have created a large (or very small) indoor map, you can change the scale of the map to get a more detailed view or a more general overview.
• Page 177
  R&S FSH Interference Analyzer (R&S FSH-K15/ -K16) Working with Maps 5.2.3.3 Aligning the Map (R&S FSH-K17) The R&S FSH automatically aligns the map when you move the cross-hairs displayed in the map. The cross-hairs represent your current position on the map. Moving the cross-hairs is necessary to define another measurement location.
• Page 178
  R&S FSH Interference Analyzer (R&S FSH-K15/ -K16) Working with Maps 5.2.3.4 Selecting Colors for Geotags and Measurement Locations For more information on geotags (R&S FSH-K15 and -K16) in general see «Collecting Geographic Data» on page 168. For more information on measurement locations (R&S FSH-K17) in general see «Collecting Measurement Data (R&S FSH-K17)»…
• Page 179
  R&S FSH Interference Analyzer (R&S FSH-K15/ -K16) Working with Maps ► Press the «Settings» softkey. ► Select the «Triangulation Color» menu item. The R&S FSH opens a submenu to select the color. ► Select one of the colors available in the submenu. The R&S FSH applies the color as selected.

• Page 180: Measuring Interference

  R&S FSH Interference Analyzer (R&S FSH-K15/ -K16) Working with Maps 5.2.4 Measuring Interference Interference measurements usually require an antenna to locate the source of those interferers. The R&S FSH supports several antenna models. ● R&S HL300 Connected to the R&S FSH at the AUX port and the RF input. ●…

• Page 181
  R&S FSH Interference Analyzer (R&S FSH-K15/ -K16) Working with Maps 5.2.4.2 Using an Audio Signal to Locate Interferers You can configure the R&S FSH to play back an audio signal when it receives a signal. The audio signal changes its volume and frequency, depending on the strength of the received signal.
• Page 182
  R&S FSH Interference Analyzer (R&S FSH-K15/ -K16) Working with Maps Defining the gain of the audio signal The change of frequency of the audio signal is a constant change of frequency. It is either one octave per 20 dB or one octave per 40 dB. ►…

• Page 183: Collecting Geographic Data (R&S Fsh-K15 And -K16)

  R&S FSH Interference Analyzer (R&S FSH-K15/ -K16) Working with Maps 5.2.5 Collecting Geographic Data (R&S FSH-K15 and -K16) The main application of the «Maps» mode is to collect geographic data. The R&S FSH provides two main applications, triangulation and geotagging. 5.2.5.1 Geotags A geotag is a tag for a particular location that contains information about that location.

• Page 184
  R&S FSH Interference Analyzer (R&S FSH-K15/ -K16) Working with Maps Creating geotags automatically The R&S FSH is able to save geographic information automatically if you are using the «Save on Event» functionality. For more information see «Saving Events» on page 21. The R&S FSH adds all geotags that you create to the «GPS Position List».
• Page 185
  R&S FSH Interference Analyzer (R&S FSH-K15/ -K16) Working with Maps Displaying geotags A geotag is represented by a dot and a number on the map. The R&S FSH-K15 also displays an azimuth line. The azimuth is the deviation from the direction you are facing and the north. It is a number in degrees.
• Page 186
  R&S FSH Interference Analyzer (R&S FSH-K15/ -K16) Working with Maps Adding the triangulation result to the GPS position list ► Press the «GPS Position» softkey. ► Select the «Save Triangulation» menu item. The R&S FSH opens an input field to enter a name and description for the new geotag.

• Page 187: Collecting Measurement Data (R&S Fsh-K17)

  R&S FSH Interference Analyzer (R&S FSH-K15/ -K16) Working with Maps 5.2.6 Collecting Measurement Data (R&S FSH-K17) When you enter the «Indoor Mapping» application, the R&S FSH always shows the signal strength you are currently receiving as a numeric value at the top of the display or in the power bar at the right side of the display (if you have turned that feature on).

• Page 188
  R&S FSH Interference Analyzer (R&S FSH-K15/ -K16) Working with Maps Number: represents the number of the measurement (in consecutive order). Include: checkbox to include the tag on the map display Latitude, longitude and azimuth: GPS information of the location. This information is only displayed if you have defined reference GPS points during the creation of the map.
• Page 189
  R&S FSH Interference Analyzer (R&S FSH-K15/ -K16) Working with Maps Restoring measurement data previously recorded In the same way, you can also restore a gpx file that you have saved previously. ► Press the MEAS key. ► Press the «Indoor Position» softkey. ►…

• Page 190: Analyzing Geographic Data (R&S Fsh-K15 And -K16)

  R&S FSH Interference Analyzer (R&S FSH-K15/ -K16) Working with Maps 5.2.7 Analyzing Geographic Data (R&S FSH-K15 and -K16) The R&S FSH4View software package provides an interface that allows you to export and review your recorded data with Google Earth. This interface transforms .gpx files into .kmz files (required by Google Earth).

• Page 191: Analyzing Indoor Data (R&S Fsh-K17)

  R&S FSH Interference Analyzer (R&S FSH-K15/ -K16) Working with Maps 5.2.8 Analyzing Indoor Data (R&S FSH-K17) The R&S FSH4View software package provides an interface that allows you to export and review your recorded data with external tools. This interface transforms the measurement data into an image or a csv file.

• Page 192: Network Analyzer Mode

  R&S FSH Network Analyzer Mode Working with Maps 6 Network Analyzer Mode The network analyzer mode provides the functionality to characterize networks with one or two ports. To enable the features of the network analyzer mode, you need at least an R&S FSH with tracking generator or one that also has an internal VSWR bridge.

• Page 193
  R&S FSH Network Analyzer Mode Working with Maps Screen layout of the network analyzer Result display Measurement mode 0 dB reference Status line — S-matrix — Calibration status — Measurement format Trace window Network analyzer softkey menu Operating Manual 1173.6275.12 — 30…

• Page 194: Configuring The Tracking Generator

  R&S FSH Network Analyzer Mode Configuring the Tracking Generator 6.1 Configuring the Tracking Generator The tracking generator serves as a signal source and generates a signal at the current measurement frequency and a certain level. Defining the level of the generated signal The R&S FSH allows you to define the output level in two different ways.

• Page 195
  R&S FSH Network Analyzer Mode Configuring the Tracking Generator ► Select the “Use TG as CW source” menu item. The R&S FSH changes into zero span mode. This is not possible when you are using the High Accuracy calibration method (see “Calibration Methods”…

• Page 196: Calibrating Measurements

  R&S FSH Network Analyzer Mode Calibrating Measurements 6.2 Calibrating Measurements In its default state, the R&S FSH uses factory calibration. Factory calibration is a full 2- port calibration over the current frequency range (i.e. span) of the R&S FSH. When factory calibration is active, the status line reads .

• Page 197
  R&S FSH Network Analyzer Mode Calibrating Measurements You can restore the factory calibration manually any time. Press the «Calibration» softkey. Select the «User Calibration Off» menu item. ● (fcal?) The R&S FSH uses factory calibration. However, the calibration is not accurate because the power of the tracking generator and the attenuation at the RF input are not in line with the default settings.
• Page 198
  R&S FSH Network Analyzer Mode Calibrating Measurements 6.2.1.2 Calibration Methods The available calibration methods depend on whether you perform scalar or vector measurements. In addition, calibration for reflection measurements is available only for models with an VSWR bridge. Scalar measurements Scalar measurements provide normalization of transmission and reflection only.
• Page 199
  R&S FSH Network Analyzer Mode Calibrating Measurements ● Normalize… Normalization is a simple way to calibrate the measurement using one calibration standard only. The correction data is deducted from this measurement. As only one calibration standard is used, the isolation between the test ports is ignored. A possible cross-talk between the test ports is therefore not eliminated and the accuracy is lower than that of a full calibration.
• Page 200
  R&S FSH Network Analyzer Mode Calibrating Measurements ► Disconnect the «Open». Next, the R&S FSH asks you to connect a «Short» first to port 1, then to port 2. ► Firmly connect the «Short» of the calibration standard to the ports. ►…
• Page 201
  R&S FSH Network Analyzer Mode Calibrating Measurements ► Press the MEAS key. ► Press the «Calibration» softkey. ► Select the «Select Calkit [ ]» menu item. The R&S FSH opens a dialog box to select the calibration kit. The list of supported calibration kits covers those supported by the R&S FSH and those that you have customized.

• Page 202: Performing Scalar Measurements

  R&S FSH Network Analyzer Mode Performing Scalar Measurements 6.3 Performing Scalar Measurements With scalar measurements, you can measure the magnitude of both reflection and transmission characteristics of a device under test. To calibrate the measurements, only normalization is available. 6.3.1 Measuring the Transmission The example included here is based on a transmission measurement of a two-port filter.

• Page 203
  R&S FSH Network Analyzer Mode Performing Scalar Measurements Define the frequency parameters Before calibrating the measurement, you should define the frequency parameters to avoid inaccurate results because of invalid calibration. ► Press the FREQ key. The R&S FSH opens an input field to set the center frequency. ►…

• Page 204: Measuring The Reflection

  R&S FSH Network Analyzer Mode Performing Scalar Measurements 6.3.2 Measuring the Reflection The example included here is based on a reflection measurement of the same two-port filter used for the transmission measurement. The filter has a center frequency of 2060 MHz and a bandwidth of about 11 MHz. You can skip the preset, scalar measurement selection and frequency settings if you have already set up the R&S FSH for the measurement.

• Page 205
  R&S FSH Network Analyzer Mode Performing Scalar Measurements Define the frequency parameters Before calibrating the measurement, you should define the frequency parameters to avoid inaccurate results because of invalid calibration. ► Press the FREQ key. The R&S FSH opens an input field to set the center frequency. ►…

• Page 206: Performing Vector Measurements (R&S Fsh-K42)

  R&S FSH Network Analyzer Mode Performing Vector Measurements (R&S FSH-K42) 6.4 Performing Vector Measurements (R&S FSH-K42) If you equip the R&S FSH with option R&S FSH-K42, vector measurements become available. The R&S FSH also must feature an VSWR bridge in addition to the tracking generator.

• Page 207: Measuring The Transmission

  R&S FSH Network Analyzer Mode Performing Vector Measurements (R&S FSH-K42) 6.4.1 Measuring the Transmission The example included here is based on a transmission measurement of a two-port filter. The filter works in the frequency from of 1920 MHz to 1980 MHz. Test setup ►…

• Page 208
  R&S FSH Network Analyzer Mode Performing Vector Measurements (R&S FSH-K42) In addition, you can display two diagrams, so that you can view all four results at the same time (S11, S12, S21, S22). ► Press the TRACE key. ► Press the «Split Screen” softkey. ►…
• Page 209
  R&S FSH Network Analyzer Mode Performing Vector Measurements (R&S FSH-K42) Calibrate the measurement for vector transmission measurements. Vector measurements provide the full range of calibration methods for more accurate results. Most full calibration methods require more than one calibration standard. ►…

• Page 210: Measuring The Reflection

  R&S FSH Network Analyzer Mode Performing Vector Measurements (R&S FSH-K42) 6.4.2 Measuring the Reflection The example included here is based on a reflection measurement of the two-port filter that was also used for the transmission measurement. You can skip the preset, vector measurement selection and frequency settings if you have already set up the R&S FSH for the measurement.

• Page 211
  R&S FSH Network Analyzer Mode Performing Vector Measurements (R&S FSH-K42) Define the frequency parameters Before calibrating the measurement, you should define the frequency parameters to avoid interpolation of the results. ► Press the FREQ key. The R&S FSH opens an input field to set the center frequency. ►…

• Page 212: Evaluating The Results

  R&S FSH Network Analyzer Mode Evaluating the Results 6.5 Evaluating the Results 6.5.1 Selecting the Measurement Format Depending on the measurement mode (scalar or vector) and result display (reflection or transmission), you can select one of several measurement formats. Each of the measurement formats shows a different aspect of the measurement results.

• Page 213
  R&S FSH Network Analyzer Mode Evaluating the Results VSWR Shows the (voltage) standing wave ratio of the DUT. The VSWR is the ratio of the maximum to the minimum voltage that occur in an electrical transmission line. It is a measure of the reflected power at the input of the DUT.
• Page 214
  R&S FSH Network Analyzer Mode Evaluating the Results Electrical length Shows the electrical length of a DUT. The electrical length is a numerical result that displayed in addition to another measurement format. As long as it is active, the electrical length is displayed regardless of the currently selected format.
• Page 215
  R&S FSH Network Analyzer Mode Evaluating the Results 6.5.1.1 Working with the Smith Chart If you are displaying measurement results in a Smith chart (available for vector reflection measurements), the R&S FSH provides several special functionality. ► Press the MEAS key. ►…
• Page 216
  R&S FSH Network Analyzer Mode Evaluating the Results ► Press the «Move X» softkey. The R&S FSH opens an input field. ► Enter a value between -50 % and 50 % to shift the window horizontally. Entering negative values moves the rectangle to the left, positive values move it to the right.
• Page 217
  R&S FSH Network Analyzer Mode Evaluating the Results ● (R + jX/Z0) Shows the real and imaginary components of the standardized impedance. ● (G + jB/Z0) Shows the real and imaginary components of the standardized admittance. ► Press the MARKER key. The R&S FSH activates a marker and opens the marker softkey menu.
• Page 218
  R&S FSH Network Analyzer Mode Evaluating the Results ► The R&S FSH splits the screen. The upper screen shows trace 1, the bottom screen shows trace 2. You can configure some aspects of the diagram independently, like y-axis scale or displayed measurement format. An [X] in front of the «Show Trace 2″…
• Page 219
  R&S FSH Network Analyzer Mode Evaluating the Results After activating the second trace, trace 1 is always the active trace. Only the active trace can be configured, while the other is passive. ► To activate trace 2, press the «Select Trace» softkey in the trace menu. When pressing the «Select Trace»…

• Page 220: Configuring The Vertical Axis

  R&S FSH Network Analyzer Mode Evaluating the Results 6.5.2 Configuring the Vertical Axis Some results may not fit in the diagram area as it is configured in the default state of the R&S FSH (for example measurements on amplifiers). If you are performing measurements on an amplifier, you most likely have to change the scaling of the vertical axis in order to see the complete transmission function.

• Page 221
  R&S FSH Network Analyzer Mode Evaluating the Results Changing the reference position Changing the reference position moves the position of the reference value up or down. The reference position also moves the trace up or down. The levels and the reference value, however, remain the same.
• Page 222
  R&S FSH Network Analyzer Mode Evaluating the Results Changing the display range The display range is the value range the vertical axis covers. The default display range depends on the measurement format. For more information see «Selecting the Measurement Format» on page 197. When you change the display range, the reference value and position remain the same.

• Page 223: Using Markers

  R&S FSH Network Analyzer Mode Evaluating the Results 6.5.3 Using Markers The network analyzer mode also features markers. The functionality is similar to that of the spectrum analyzer. For more information see «Using Markers» on page 116. 6.5.4 Working with Channel Tables The R&S FSH allows you to use channel tables in network analyzer mode.

• Page 224: Vector Voltmeter (R&S Fsh-K45)

  R&S FSH Network Analyzer Mode Vector Voltmeter (R&S FSH-K45) 6.6 Vector Voltmeter (R&S FSH-K45) With firmware option R&S FSH-K45 (order no. 1304.5658.02) you can use a R&S FSH with tracking generator and VSWR bridge as a vector voltmeter. A vector voltmeter performs reflection (S11) and transmission measurements (S21). The tracking generator provides the signal source that generates an unmodulated sinewave signal on a single frequency.

• Page 225: Calibrating Measurements

  R&S FSH Network Analyzer Mode Vector Voltmeter (R&S FSH-K45) 6.6.1 Calibrating Measurements To get the best and most accurate results, you have to calibrate the measurement. The reflection and transmission measurement of the vector voltmeter each have their own calibration procedures. To successfully calibrate the test setup, you have to connect one or more calibration standards at the reference plane.

• Page 226: Performing Measurements

  R&S FSH Network Analyzer Mode Vector Voltmeter (R&S FSH-K45) 6.6.2 Performing Measurements With the vector voltmeter you can measure the reflection on port 1 and the transmission in reverse direction. The example included here is based on a transmission measurement of a two-port filter.

• Page 227
  R&S FSH Network Analyzer Mode Vector Voltmeter (R&S FSH-K45) 6.6.2.2 Performing Reflection Measurements Calibrate the measurement for reflection measurements. ► Press the «Calibration» softkey. ► Select the «Reflection Port 1» menu item. ► Perform calibration. For more information see «Performing Calibration».

• Page 228: Evaluating The Results

  R&S FSH Network Analyzer Mode Vector Voltmeter (R&S FSH-K45) 6.6.3 Evaluating the Results 6.6.3.1 Selecting the Measurement Format Depending on the result display (reflection or transmission), you can select one of several measurement formats. Each of the measurement formats shows a different aspect of the measurement results.

• Page 229: Distance-To-Fault Mode (R&S Fsh-K41)

  R&S FSH Distance-to-Fault Mode (R&S FSH-K41) Vector Voltmeter (R&S FSH-K45) 7 Distance-to-Fault Mode (R&S FSH-K41) Equipped with firmware option R&S FSH-K41 (order no. 1304.5612.02), you can perform distance-to-fault measurements with your R&S FSH. The distance-to-fault (DTF) mode provides functionality to measure cables for mechanical defects in the system that cause a deterioration of the transmission quality.

• Page 230
  R&S FSH Distance-to-Fault Mode (R&S FSH-K41) Vector Voltmeter (R&S FSH-K45) ► For measurement on DUTs that need an external voltage supply (e.g. power amplifiers), you can connect the supply voltage from a suitable AC power supply to the BIAS Port 1 or use the internal bias. By default, the R&S FSH is in spectrum analyzer mode after you have turned it on.

• Page 231: Performing Cable And Antenna Measurements

  R&S FSH Distance-to-Fault Mode (R&S FSH-K41) Performing Cable and Antenna Measurements 7.1 Performing Cable and Antenna Measurements In order to get an idea about problems of a cable, you can analyze several aspects of the signal. 7.1.1 Reflection Measurements The reflection (S11) measurement is a good way to get an idea if the transmission system works properly.

• Page 232: Distance To Fault Measurements

  R&S FSH Distance-to-Fault Mode (R&S FSH-K41) Performing Cable and Antenna Measurements 7.1.2 Distance to Fault Measurements The distance to fault (DTF) measurement determines the exact location of possible faults in a transmission system. If you connect the end of the cable to the R&S FSH, the DTF measurement shows you the exact distance to the fault (in meter or feet), regardless by what the fault is caused.

• Page 233: Selecting The Measurement Format

  R&S FSH Distance-to-Fault Mode (R&S FSH-K41) Performing Cable and Antenna Measurements 7.1.4 Selecting the Measurement Format You can select several measurement formats for each measurement. The measurement format selects the way the results are displayed. ● Magnitude (dB Mag) This is the default format. It shows the magnitude of the results in dB. ●…

• Page 234
  R&S FSH Distance-to-Fault Mode (R&S FSH-K41) Performing Cable and Antenna Measurements The following pictures show the results of a reflection measurement in Magnitude format (left side) and VSWR format (right side). Operating Manual 1173.6275.12 — 30…

• Page 235: Calibrating Measurements

  R&S FSH Distance-to-Fault Mode (R&S FSH-K41) Performing Cable and Antenna Measurements 7.1.5 Calibrating Measurements To get the best and most accurate results, you have to calibrate the measurement. The R&S FSH provides several calibration methods. You will need one of the available calibration standards R&S FSH-Z28, -Z29 (order no.

• Page 236: Configuring Cable And Antenna Tests

  R&S FSH Distance-to-Fault Mode (R&S FSH-K41) Configuring Cable and Antenna Tests 7.2 Configuring Cable and Antenna Tests For valid measurement results, you need to specify the characteristics of the cable under test like model or frequency range. 7.2.1 Selecting the Cable Model To determine the speed of propagation, and therefore the precise distance to any faults, you have to specify the cable model that you want to test.

• Page 237
  R&S FSH Distance-to-Fault Mode (R&S FSH-K41) Configuring Cable and Antenna Tests 7.2.1.2 Creating a Cable Model The R&S FSH provides two ways to define customized cable models. The first way is to define a cable model with the «Cable Model Editor» that is part of the R&S FSH4View software package.
• Page 238
  R&S FSH Distance-to-Fault Mode (R&S FSH-K41) Configuring Cable and Antenna Tests 7.2.1.3 Working with a DTF List The DTF list shows the results of the distance to fault measurement in numerical form. ► Press the MEAS key. ► Press the «DTF Settings» softkey. ►…

• Page 239: Configuring The Horizontal Axis

  In the default setting, the R&S FSH automatically selects a center frequency of 1.8 GHz (R&S FSH4) or 4 GHz (R&S FSH8) and a distance of 20 m. The R&S FSH optimizes the settings for the best resolution, if you change the cable length.

• Page 240
  R&S FSH Distance-to-Fault Mode (R&S FSH-K41) Configuring Cable and Antenna Tests ► Press the FREQ key. ► Press the «Start Freq» or the «Stop Freq» softkey. ► Enter the start frequency and stop frequency you need. The R&S FSH adjusts the frequency range according to your settings. Note that the distance from start to stop frequency has to be equal to the span.

• Page 241: Configuring The Amplitude Characteristics

  R&S FSH Distance-to-Fault Mode (R&S FSH-K41) Configuring Cable and Antenna Tests 7.2.3 Configuring the Amplitude Characteristics The amplitude menu contains all settings related to the level display. 7.2.3.1 Adjusting the Scale of the Diagram The R&S FSH provides several options to improve the vertical scaling of the measurement diagram.

• Page 242
  R&S FSH Distance-to-Fault Mode (R&S FSH-K41) Configuring Cable and Antenna Tests Adjusting the vertical axis automatically The R&S FSH provides an automatic scaling routine that scales the vertical axis in a way that the results fit ideally on the display. The R&S FSH does this by determining the minimum and maximum trace values and scaling the vertical axis according to these values.

• Page 243: Configuring The Tracking Generator

  R&S FSH Distance-to-Fault Mode (R&S FSH-K41) Configuring Cable and Antenna Tests 7.2.4 Configuring the Tracking Generator If your R&S FSH features a tracking generator, you can define several characteristics of the generated signal. ► Press the AMPT key. ► Press the «TG Settings» softkey. You can define the level of the generated signal as an absolute level or an attenuation (value relative to 0 dBm).

• Page 244: Analyzing Measurement Results

  R&S FSH Distance-to-Fault Mode (R&S FSH-K41) Analyzing Measurement Results 7.3 Analyzing Measurement Results 7.3.1 Working with Traces For more information see «Selecting the Sweep Type The sweep type defines the way how the R&S FSH captures and processes the data. ►…

• Page 245: Using Markers

  R&S FSH Distance-to-Fault Mode (R&S FSH-K41) Analyzing Measurement Results 7.3.2 Using Markers For more information see «Using Markers» on page 116. When measuring the distance-to-fault, the horizontal unit is meter or feet. For all other measurements the horizontal axis is the frequency axis. The unit of the vertical axis is dB for distance-to-fault and cable loss measurements and dBm for all others.

• Page 246: Receiver Mode (R&S Fsh-K43)

  R&S FSH Receiver Mode (R&S FSH-K43) Analyzing Measurement Results 8 Receiver Mode (R&S FSH-K43) Equipped with firmware option R&S FSH-K43 (order no. 1304.5635.02), you can perform receiver and channel measurements (or scans) with your R&S FSH. In receiver mode, the R&S FSH measures the power level of a particular frequency or a customized set of frequencies instead of sweeping over (parts of) the frequency spectrum.

• Page 247: Selecting The Measurement Mode

  R&S FSH Receiver Mode (R&S FSH-K43) Selecting the Measurement Mode 8.1 Selecting the Measurement Mode In receiver mode, the R&S FSH features two measurement modes. ● Fixed Frequency / Channel ● Frequency Scan / Channel Scan Fixed measurement mode is designed for measurements on single frequencies. Scan measurement mode performs scans on a defined set of frequencies.

• Page 248
  R&S FSH Receiver Mode (R&S FSH-K43) Selecting the Measurement Mode 8.1.1.1 Defining the Receive Frequency In single frequency measurement mode, the R&S FSH determines the power level of a single frequency only. The available frequency range depends on the R&S FSH model you are using.
• Page 249
  R&S FSH Receiver Mode (R&S FSH-K43) Selecting the Measurement Mode Defining the Bargraph Scale The scale of the bargraph is defined by the reference level and the level range. The reference level is the maximum power level that the bargraph displays. You should set the reference level in a way that the signal level does not exceed the reference level and high enough so that the signal does not disappear in the inherent noise.

• Page 250: Performing Frequency Scans

  R&S FSH Receiver Mode (R&S FSH-K43) Selecting the Measurement Mode 8.1.2 Performing Frequency Scans Compared to single frequency measurements, frequency scans perform a measurement on a particular set of receive frequencies. The scan measures only those frequencies that are defined in the frequency range. The space between the receive frequencies is not considered in the measurement.

• Page 251
  R&S FSH Receiver Mode (R&S FSH-K43) Selecting the Measurement Mode Selecting the trace style The trace style defines the way the trace looks. ► Press the TRACE key. ► Press the «Trace Style» softkey. ► Select the trace style you prefer from the menu. The R&S FSH provides two trace styles in receiver mode.
• Page 252
  R&S FSH Receiver Mode (R&S FSH-K43) Selecting the Measurement Mode Performing a channel scan Instead of a frequency scan, you can also perform a channel scan. A channel scan is based on the contents of a channel table. In case of measurements based on a channel table, the set of receive frequencies (or channels) is defined in a channel table.

• Page 253: Configuring Measurements In Receiver Mode

  R&S FSH Receiver Mode (R&S FSH-K43) Configuring Measurements in Receiver Mode 8.2 Configuring Measurements in Receiver Mode In addition to the single frequency measurement and the scan measurement, the receiver mode also adds features in accordance with EMI measurements. 8.2.1 Selecting Detectors for EMI Measurements The receiver mode provides several types of detectors also available in other operating modes.

• Page 254
  R&S FSH Receiver Mode (R&S FSH-K43) Configuring Measurements in Receiver Mode ► Press the TRACE key. ► Press the «Detector» softkey. ► Select the detector you want to use. For more information on detectors in general, see «Selecting the Detector» on page 112.

• Page 255: Selecting The Measurement Bandwidths For Emi Measurements

  R&S FSH Receiver Mode (R&S FSH-K43) Configuring Measurements in Receiver Mode 8.2.2 Selecting the Measurement Bandwidths for EMI Measurements The receiver mode adds 6 dB resolution bandwidths to the 3 dB resolution bandwidths already available in other operating modes. The 6 dB bandwidths are special bandwidths that are necessary for measurements according to CISPR16.

• Page 256: Defining The Measurement Time

  R&S FSH Receiver Mode (R&S FSH-K43) Configuring Measurements in Receiver Mode 8.2.3 Defining the Measurement Time The measurement time is the time that the R&S FSH collects data at each measurement frequency to calculate the results for that frequency according to the detector you have selected.

• Page 257: Working With Traces

  R&S FSH Receiver Mode (R&S FSH-K43) Configuring Measurements in Receiver Mode 8.2.4 Working with Traces In Receiver mode, the R&S FSH provides several ways to configure the trace display, like the trace mode or trace mathematics. For more information see ●…

• Page 258: Digital Modulation Analyzer

  R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Configuring Measurements in Receiver Mode 9 Digital Modulation Analyzer In digital modulation analyzer operating mode, the R&S FSH is able to demodulate signals of several telecommunications technologies. Thus it can provide results for modulation characteristics, channel characteristics or information about the signal quality.

• Page 259: General Settings Of The Digital Modulation Analyzer

  R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer General Settings of the Digital Modulation Analyzer 9.1 General Settings of the Digital Modulation Analyzer Several settings and numerical results are available for all mobile radio standards supported by the digital modulation analyzer. ● «General Settings in the Result Summary»…

• Page 260
  R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer General Settings of the Digital Modulation Analyzer Transducer Shows the name of the transducer if one is in use. For more information see Using Transducer Factors on page 130. Ref Level Shows the current reference level of the R&S FSH. The reference level is the power level the R&S FSH expects at the RF input.
• Page 261
  R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer General Settings of the Digital Modulation Analyzer Ref Offset Shows the current reference level offset. For more information see «Setting a Reference Offset» on page 99. Att(enuation) Shows the current RF attenuation of the R&S FSH. For more information see «Setting the RF Attenuation»…

• Page 262: Trace Mode Selection

  R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer General Settings of the Digital Modulation Analyzer 9.1.2 Trace Mode Selection The digital modulation analyzer supports trace modes for various result displays available for those applications (numerical and graphical). ● Clear/Write In its default state, the R&S FSH overwrites the results after each sweep. ●…

• Page 263
  R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer General Settings of the Digital Modulation Analyzer ► Press the TRACE key. ► Press the «Trace Mode» softkey. The R&S FSH opens a submenu to select the trace mode. ► Select the trace mode you want to work with. If you have selected the average trace mode («Average: 10″…

• Page 264: General Result Displays Of The Digital Modulation Analyzer

  R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer General Result Displays of the Digital Modulation Analyzer 9.2 General Result Displays of the Digital Modulation Analyzer The R&S FSH provides several result displays that are available for all digital modulation options. There are two methods to view and analyze the spectrum of the signal you are currently measuring: the spectrum overview and the isotropic antenna result displays.

• Page 265
  R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer General Result Displays of the Digital Modulation Analyzer The Isotropic Antenna Result Display The isotropic antenna result display also provides an overview of the spectrum. The results of measurements with an isotropic antenna are based on data from the three axes of the antenna.
• Page 266
  R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer General Result Displays of the Digital Modulation Analyzer Limits A limit check tests the actual results against a set of predefined values to see if the measurement results are inside a specified boundary. In the Limits result display, the R&S FSH shows the results of the limit check.

• Page 267: Measurements On Gsm Signals

  R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Measurements on GSM Signals 9.3 Measurements on GSM Signals Equipped with the software application R&S FSH-K10, you can perform measurements on downlink GSM signals in accordance to the 3GPP standard with your R&S FSH. ► Press the MODE key ►…

• Page 268: The Result Summary

  R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Measurements on GSM Signals 9.3.1 The Result Summary The default result display is the result summary. The result summary shows various measurement results and hardware settings in numerical form. ► Press the «Result Display» softkey. ►…

• Page 269
  R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Measurements on GSM Signals BSIC (NCC, BCC) Shows the way you have selected to determine the training sequence. In case of manual selection, the field shows the actual number of the training sequence. In case of automatic selection, the field shows an «Auto» label. For more information see «Selecting the Training Sequence»…
• Page 270
  R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Measurements on GSM Signals The characters have the following meanings. ● D: Dummy burst ● E: Normal burst with 8PSK modulation (EDGE) ● F: Frequency correction burst ● I: Idle burst ● N: Normal burst with GMSK modulation ●…
• Page 271
  R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Measurements on GSM Signals Slot EVM (8PSK modulated slots only) Shows the Error Vector Magnitude (EVM) of the analyzed slot in %. The EVM is defined as the ratio of the mean error power of the signal to the power of an ideal reference signal.

• Page 272: The Burst Power Result Display

  R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Measurements on GSM Signals 9.3.2 The Burst Power Result Display If you equip the R&S FSH with option R&S FSH-K10E, the Burst Power result display becomes available. The Burst Power result display shows the power of the signal over time. You can choose to display the power over a single and complete GSM frame (4.615 ms) or over a single timeslot (about 567 µs) This result display is designed to check if the power and timing of the bursted signals…

• Page 273
  R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Measurements on GSM Signals Global results For more information on the general results shown above the diagram area see «Global Results» on page 254. Diagram area The diagram area contains the graphical representation of the power over time. When you display the complete frame, the result display also contains information about the modulation (or burst type) applied to the slots that are displayed.

• Page 274: Configuring The Measurement

  R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Measurements on GSM Signals 9.3.3 Configuring the Measurement 9.3.3.1 Selecting the Training Sequence The training sequence (or midamble) is a known bit sequence required to synchronize the user equipment and the base station. The number of bits that carry the training sequence depend on the modulation.

• Page 275: Measurements On 3Gpp Fdd Signals

  R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Measurements on 3GPP FDD Signals 9.4 Measurements on 3GPP FDD Signals Equipped with the software application R&S FSH-K44, you can perform measurements on WCDMA signals in accordance to the 3GPP standard with your R&S FSH. You can expand the functionality by adding the R&S FSH-K44E firmware application.

• Page 276: The Result Summary

  R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Measurements on 3GPP FDD Signals 9.4.1 The Result Summary The default result display is the result summary. The result summary shows various measurement results and hardware settings in numerical form. ► Press the «Result Display» softkey. ►…

• Page 277
  R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Measurements on 3GPP FDD Signals 9.4.1.1 General Settings For more information see «General Settings of the Digital Modulation Analyzer» on page 244. In addition the application features some settings specific to the 3GPP standard. For more information on each type of parameter see «Configuring the Measurement»…
• Page 278
  R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Measurements on 3GPP FDD Signals I/Q Imbalance Shows the I/Q Imbalance of the signal in %. This value is valid only when the R&S FSH is in channel search mode. Composite EVM Shows the Error Vector Magnitude in %. The EVM is defined as the ratio of the mean error power of the signal to the power of an ideal reference signal.
• Page 279
  R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Measurements on 3GPP FDD Signals 9.4.1.3 Channel Results Channel results contain various results that are specific to one or more channels. P-CPICH Power Shows the power of the P-CPICH in dBm. P-CPICH Ec / Io Shows the ratio of the power of the pilot channel to the total power of the signal.

• Page 280: The Code Domain Analyzer

  R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Measurements on 3GPP FDD Signals 9.4.2 The Code Domain Analyzer If you equip the R&S FSH with option R&S FSH-K44E, code domain analysis becomes available to visualize the results in a diagram. ► Press the «Result Display» softkey. ►…

• Page 281
  R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Measurements on 3GPP FDD Signals 9.4.2.2 Diagram Header The diagram header shows the results for individual code channels. Code channel Shows the number of the code channel the results are displayed for. For more information see «Selecting the Slot and Code Channel»…

• Page 282: The Code Domain Channel Table

  R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Measurements on 3GPP FDD Signals 9.4.3 The Code Domain Channel Table If you equip the R&S FSH with option R&S FSH-K44E, the code domain channel table becomes available to visualize the channel structure of the signal. The code domain channel table shows various parameters and measurement results on (code) channel level.

• Page 283
  R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Measurements on 3GPP FDD Signals Active Channels Shows the number of the currently measured channels. 9.4.3.3 Channel Table The channel table is made up out of seven columns that show various information about each channel. The number of rows depends on the number of channels that are currently active.

• Page 284: Configuring The Measurement

  R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Measurements on 3GPP FDD Signals 9.4.4 Configuring the Measurement Some of the results depend on the measurement configuration. 9.4.4.1 Selecting the Analysis Length The R&S FSH allows you to analyze one slot only, or a complete WCDMA frame (which is made up out of 15 slots).

• Page 285
  R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Measurements on 3GPP FDD Signals Performing a search for the scrambling code If you don’t know the scrambling code, the R&S FSH is able to determine the scrambling code of one or more 3GPP base stations by itself. ►…
• Page 286
  R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Measurements on 3GPP FDD Signals 9.4.4.3 Setting the Antenna Diversity By default, the R&S FSH does measurements on base stations with one antenna. For base stations with two antennas, you have to specify the antenna to synchronize to. ►…
• Page 287
  R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Measurements on 3GPP FDD Signals 9.4.4.5 Changing the Code Power By default, the application displays the absolute power of all code channels. Alternatively, you can display the power relative to the P-CPICH. ► Press the MEAS key. ►…

• Page 288: Measurements On Cdma2000 Signals

  R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Measurements on CDMA2000 Signals 9.5 Measurements on CDMA2000 Signals Equipped with the software application R&S FSH-K46, you can perform measurements on downlink CDMA2000 signals according to the 3GPP2 standard with your R&S FSH. You can expand the functionality by adding the R&S FSH-K46E firmware application. This application performs code domain power measurements on downlink CDMA2000 signals according to the standard.

• Page 289: The Result Summary

  R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Measurements on CDMA2000 Signals 9.5.1 The Result Summary The default result display is the result summary. The result summary shows various measurement results and hardware settings in numerical form. ► Press the «Result Display» softkey. ►…

• Page 290
  R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Measurements on CDMA2000 Signals Trigger Shows the current trigger mode. For more information see «Working with Trigger Functionality» on page 106. In addition to the trigger also available with the base unit, the application also feature a GPS Sync trigger.
• Page 291
  R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Measurements on CDMA2000 Signals PN Found The PN offset found during auto PN offset operation. According to the CDMA2000 standard, Tau shows the timing error of the signal. The maximum offset is specified at 10 µs. Active Channels Number of currently active channels.

• Page 292: The Code Domain Analyzer

  R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Measurements on CDMA2000 Signals 9.5.2 The Code Domain Analyzer If you equip the R&S FSH with option R&S FSH-K46E, code domain analysis becomes available to visualize the results in a diagram. ► Press the «Result Display» softkey. ►…

• Page 293
  R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Measurements on CDMA2000 Signals Sync Power Relative to <Reference> Shows the power of the synchronization channel (SYNC) in relation to the pilot channel or the RF channel power. For more information see «Changing the Reference Power»…

• Page 294: The Code Domain Channel Table

  R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Measurements on CDMA2000 Signals 9.5.3 The Code Domain Channel Table If you equip the R&S FSH with option R&S FSH-K46E, the code domain channel table becomes available to visualize the channel structure of the signal. The code domain channel table shows various parameters and measurement results on (code) channel level.

• Page 295
  R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Measurements on CDMA2000 Signals 9.5.3.3 Channel Table The channel table is made up out of seven columns and a number of rows that depend on the number of channels. The columns show the following information. Channel Type Type of channel.

• Page 296: The Pn Scanner

  R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Measurements on CDMA2000 Signals 9.5.4 The PN Scanner If you equip the R&S FSH with option R&S FSH-K46E, the PN scanner becomes available. If you are measuring over-the-air (OTA) signals, you can use the PN scanner to identify base stations in the area.

• Page 297: Configuring The Measurement

  R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Measurements on CDMA2000 Signals 9.5.5 Configuring the Measurement Some of the results depend on the measurement configuration. 9.5.5.1 Setting the Base Spreading Factor The number of codes the R&S FSH displays in the diagram depends, in addition to the signal constellation itself, on the base spreading factor you have set.

• Page 298
  R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Measurements on CDMA2000 Signals ► Press the MEAS key. ► Press the «Display Settings» softkey. ► Select either the «Hadamard» or the «BitReverse» menu item. The R&S FSH adjusts the code display accordingly. 9.5.5.3 Changing the Reference Power The y-axis represents the power of the signal.
• Page 299
  R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Measurements on CDMA2000 Signals 9.5.5.5 Changing the PN Offset The standard uses the PN Offset to distinguish between base stations. The PN offset determines the offset in the circulating PN sequence in multiples of 64 chips with reference to the event second clock trigger.

• Page 300: Measurements On 1Xev-Do Signals

  R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Measurements on 1xEV-DO Signals 9.6 Measurements on 1xEV-DO Signals Equipped with the software application R&S FSH-K47, you can perform measurements on downlink 1xEV-DO signals in accordance to the 3GPP2 standard with your R&S FSH. ► Press the MODE key ►…

• Page 301: The Result Summary

  R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Measurements on 1xEV-DO Signals 9.6.1 The Result Summary The result summary shows various measurement results and hardware settings in numerical form. ► Press the «Result Display» softkey. ► Select the «Result Summary» menu item. The R&S FSH shows the numerical results in a table. Current type of result display Currently selected standard General settings…

• Page 302
  R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Measurements on 1xEV-DO Signals Trigger Shows the current trigger mode. For more information see «Working with Trigger Functionality» on page 106. In addition to the trigger also available with the base unit, the application also feature a GPS Sync trigger.
• Page 303
  R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Measurements on 1xEV-DO Signals 9.6.1.3 Channel Results Channel results contain various results specific to one or more channels. The table contains ● the absolute channel power in dBm ● the channel power in relation to the total signal power in dB ●…

• Page 304: The Pn Scanner

  R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Measurements on 1xEV-DO Signals 9.6.2 The PN Scanner If you equip the R&S FSH with option R&S FSH-K47E, the PN scanner becomes available. If you are measuring over-the-air (OTA) signals, you can use the PN scanner to identify base stations in the area.

• Page 305: The Burst Power Result Display

  R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Measurements on 1xEV-DO Signals 9.6.3 The Burst Power Result Display If you equip the R&S FSH with option R&S FSH-K47E, the Burst Power result display becomes available. The Burst Power result display shows the power of the signal over a single 1xEV-DO frame (26.66 ms).

• Page 306: Configuring The Measurement

  R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Measurements on 1xEV-DO Signals 9.6.4 Configuring the Measurement Some of the results depend on the measurement configuration. 9.6.4.1 Selecting the Unit of the Carrier Frequency Error The absolute frequency error is the sum of the frequency error of the R&S FSH and that of the device under test.

• Page 307: Measurements On Td-Scdma Signals

  R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Measurements on TD-SCDMA Signals 9.7 Measurements on TD-SCDMA Signals Equipped with the software application R&S FSH-K48, you can perform measurements on downlink TD-SCDMA signals in accordance to the 3GPP standard with your R&S FSH. ► Press the MODE key ►…

• Page 308: The Result Summary

  R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Measurements on TD-SCDMA Signals 9.7.1 The Result Summary The result summary shows various measurement results and hardware settings in numerical form. ► Press the «Result Display» softkey. ► Select the «Result Summary» menu item. The R&S FSH shows the numerical results in a table. Current type of result display Currently selected standard General settings…

• Page 309
  R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Measurements on TD-SCDMA Signals Switching Point Shows the switching point in a subframe that separates uplink and downlink. For more information see «Defining the Switching Point» on page 306. Slot Number Shows the time slot (0 to 6) of the TD-SCDMA subframe that is currently analyzed. For more information see «Selecting a Time Slot»…
• Page 310
  R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Measurements on TD-SCDMA Signals I/Q Offset Shows the DC offset of the signal in %. Displayed only if the channel search has been turned on. Gain Imbalance Shows the gain Imbalance of the signal in %. Displayed only if the channel search has been turned on.
• Page 311
  R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Measurements on TD-SCDMA Signals 9.7.1.3 Power Results Power results contain various results specific to one timeslot. The timeslot consist of two data fields, a midamble and a guard period. The table contains ● the absolute channel power in dBm ●…

• Page 312: The Code Domain Analyzer

  R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Measurements on TD-SCDMA Signals 9.7.2 The Code Domain Analyzer If you equip the R&S FSH with option R&S FSH-K48E, code domain analysis becomes available to visualize the results in a diagram. ► Press the «Result Display» softkey. ►…

• Page 313
  R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Measurements on TD-SCDMA Signals 9.7.2.1 Header Table and Diagram Header The header table and the diagram header contain an assortment of settings already discussed in the section about the result summary. For more information see «The Result Summary»…

• Page 314: The Code Domain Channel Table

  R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Measurements on TD-SCDMA Signals 9.7.3 The Code Domain Channel Table If you equip the R&S FSH with option R&S FSH-K48E, the code domain channel table becomes available to visualize the channel structure of the signal. The code domain channel table shows various parameters and measurement results on (code) channel level.

• Page 315
  R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Measurements on TD-SCDMA Signals 9.7.3.3 The Code Domain Channel Table The channel table is made up out of seven columns and a number of rows that depend on the number of channels. The columns show the following information. Code#.SF Number of the code channel and its spreading factor.

• Page 316: The Sync Id Result Display

  R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Measurements on TD-SCDMA Signals 9.7.4 The Sync ID Result Display If you equip the R&S FSH with option R&S FSH-K48E, the Sync ID result display becomes available. If you are measuring over-the-air (OTA) signals, you can use the Sync ID result display to identify base stations in the area.

• Page 317: The Time Domain Power Result Display

  R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Measurements on TD-SCDMA Signals 9.7.5 The Time Domain Power Result Display If you equip the R&S FSH with option R&S FSH-K48E, the Time Domain Power result display becomes available. The Time Domain Power result display shows the power of the signal over one TD- SCDMA subframe (5.42 ms or 7 time slots, including the pilot time slots).

• Page 318
  R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Measurements on TD-SCDMA Signals The switching point is represented by a red vertical line. All time slots after the switching point are considered as downlink slots. Because the R&S FSH-K48 only allows measurements on the downlink, it evaluates the results (EVM or C/I) only for the time slots that carry downlink information.

• Page 319: Configuring The Measurement

  R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Measurements on TD-SCDMA Signals 9.7.6 Configuring the Measurement Some of the results depend on the measurement configuration. 9.7.6.1 Using the Channel Search The R&S FSH-K48E supports the analysis of the code domain power of all channels. Thus, it needs to detect active and inactive channels in the code domain automatically.

• Page 320
  R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Measurements on TD-SCDMA Signals Performing a search for the scrambling code If you don’t know the scrambling code, the R&S FSH is able to determine the scrambling code of one or more 3GPP base stations by itself. ►…
• Page 321
  R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Measurements on TD-SCDMA Signals 9.7.6.4 Defining the Switching Point A TD-SCDMA subframe contains two switching points where the signal switches from downlink to uplink or vice versa. The first switching point is fix after the guard period of the special time slot, the second switching point is arbitrary and is between one of the last six time slots.
• Page 322
  R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Measurements on TD-SCDMA Signals 9.7.6.7 Selecting a Code Channel The «Code Domain Analyzer» contains results for a particular code channel. By default, the R&S FSH shows the results for the first active code channel in the analyzed time slot.

• Page 323: Measurements On Lte Signals

  R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Measurements on LTE Signals 9.8 Measurements on LTE Signals Equipped with the software application R&S FSH-K50 and R&S FSH-K51, you can perform measurements on downlink LTE FDD (R&S FSH-K50) and TDD (R&S FSH- K51) signals in accordance to the 3GPP standard with your R&S FSH. Bandwidth of LTE signals Because of the bandwidth of LTE signals, measurements are possible only with instruments that support a bandwidth of 20 MHz (serial numbers 105000 and higher).

• Page 324: The Result Summary

  R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Measurements on LTE Signals 9.8.1 The Result Summary The result summary shows various measurement results and hardware settings in numerical form. Current type of result display Currently selected standard General settings Synchronization state and GPS information — green font: synchronization OK — red font: synchronization failed Global results…

• Page 325
  R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Measurements on LTE Signals 9.8.1.1 General Settings For more information see «General Settings of the Digital Modulation Analyzer» on page 244. In addition the application features some settings specific to the 3GPP standard. Ch BW Shows the current base channel bandwidth and number of resource blocks (RB).
• Page 326
  R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Measurements on LTE Signals 9.8.1.2 Global Results Global results contain various measurement results of the composite signal. These results evaluate the total signal over the period of one frame. The global results also contain information about the quality of the measured signal of up to one frame. The exact amount of data that is analyzed depends on the number of selected subframes.
• Page 327
  R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Measurements on LTE Signals Frame Offset Shows the time difference between the (sub)frame start and capture buffer start. The frame offset is only shown when you turn off the occupied bandwidth measurement. Occupied Bandwidth Shows the occupied bandwidth of the signal in Hz. You can control if the occupied bandwidth is measured or not.
• Page 328
  R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Measurements on LTE Signals I/Q Offset Shows the power at spectral line 0 normalized to the total transmitted power. The I/Q offset may be an indicator for a baseband DC offset or for carrier leakage. 9.8.1.3 Allocation Summary The allocation summary becomes active when you have set the MIMO settings to a…
• Page 329
  R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Measurements on LTE Signals Synchronizing with the reference signal ► Press the MEAS key. ► Press the «Signal Settings» softkey. ► Select the «Reference Signal» menu item. The R&S FSH synchronizes itself with the reference signal. Operating Manual 1173.6275.12 — 30…

• Page 330: The Result Summary For Carrier Aggregation

  R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Measurements on LTE Signals 9.8.2 The Result Summary for Carrier Aggregation The R&S FSH supports measurements on LTE signals with carrier aggregation. In that case, you can define and analyze the characteristics of up to five component carriers. The results are displayed in a separate result summary for carrier aggregation.

• Page 331: The Constellation Diagram

  R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Measurements on LTE Signals 9.8.3 The Constellation Diagram If you equip the R&S FSH with option R&S FSH-K50E or -K51E, the constellation diagram becomes available to visualize the results in a diagram. ► Press the «Result Display» softkey. ►…

• Page 332
  R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Measurements on LTE Signals In addition to an overview of all allocations, you can also view the constellations of particular channels or modulation schemes. ► Press the TRACE key. ► Press the «Constell Settings» softkey. ►…

• Page 333: The Bts Scanner

  R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Measurements on LTE Signals 9.8.4 The BTS Scanner If you equip the R&S FSH with option R&S FSH-K50E or -K51E, the BTS scanner becomes available. If you are measuring over-the-air (OTA) signals, you can use the BTS scanner to identify base stations in the area.

• Page 334: The Resource Allocations Result Display

  R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Measurements on LTE Signals 9.8.5 The Resource Allocations Result Display If you equip the R&S FSH with option R&S FSH-K50E or -K51E, the resource allocations result display becomes available to visualize the results in a diagram. ►…

• Page 335
  R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Measurements on LTE Signals Customizing the color map Alternatively, you can customize the color map and customize it for over-the-air measurements and cable connected measurements separately. ► Press the «Display Settings» softkey. ► Select the «Over-The-Air Maximum…» or the «Over-The-Air-Minimum…» menu item to define a color map for over-the-air measurements.

• Page 336: Configuring The Measurement

  R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Measurements on LTE Signals 9.8.6 Configuring the Measurement Some of the results depend on the measurement configuration. 9.8.6.1 Selecting the Channel Bandwidth The LTE standard specifies the following bandwidths with the appropriate number of resource blocks. Channel bandwidth (MHz) Number of resource blocks ►…

• Page 337
  R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Measurements on LTE Signals Setting the cell ID ► Press the MEAS key. ► Press the «Signal Settings» softkey. ► Select the «Cell Identity» menu item. The R&S FSH opens an input field to define the cell identity. ►…
• Page 338
  R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Measurements on LTE Signals 9.8.6.5 Selecting the Synchronization Signal The synchronization signal selects the way the R&S FSH synchronizes to the LTE signal. By default, the R&S FSH automatically determines the type of synchronization signal to use. Alternatively, you can select the synchroniztaion signal manually.
• Page 339
  R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Measurements on LTE Signals 9.8.6.8 Configuring EVM Results In case of the EVM, you can define the unit of the EVM and EVM calculation method. To obtain EVM values according to standard, the channel estimation and EVM windowing methods defined in 3GPP TS 36.141 are used.
• Page 340
  R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Measurements on LTE Signals ► Enter the number of component carriers in your system. The R&S FSH adjusts the size of the result summary accordingly: each carrier is represented by one column in the result summary table. ►…
• Page 341
  R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Measurements on LTE Signals 9.8.6.10 Synchronizing to a Base Station Using a GPS Receiver If you use a GPS receiver while performing measurements on a base station, you can synchronize the sweep via the GPS receiver. ►…

• Page 342: Menu And Softkey Overview

  R&S FSH Menu and Softkey Overview General Functions 10 Menu and Softkey Overview This chapter shows an overview of all instrument functions in the form of softkey and menu overviews. 10.1 General Functions General functions are those that are available for all operating modes. 10.1.1 General R&S FSH Setup The SETUP key opens the setup menu that contains functionality to set up the R&S FSH in general and functionality to set up the measurement.

• Page 343: File Management

  R&S FSH Menu and Softkey Overview General Functions 10.1.2 File Management The SAVE/RECALL key opens the file manager that contains functionality to manage datasets and other files. 10.1.3 Operating Mode Selection The MODE key opens the mode menu that contains functionality to select the operating mode of the R&S FSH.

• Page 344: Functions Of The Spectrum Analyzer

  R&S FSH Menu and Softkey Overview Functions of the Spectrum Analyzer 10.2 Functions of the Spectrum Analyzer This section contains all softkeys and menus that are available in spectrum analyzer mode. 10.2.1 Measurement Selection The MEAS key opens the measurement menu that contains functionality to select and configure the measurement.

• Page 345
  R&S FSH Menu and Softkey Overview Functions of the Spectrum Analyzer Occupied Bandwith TDMA Power Spectrum Emission Mask Spurious Emission Harmonic Distortion AM Modulation Depth Operating Manual 1173.6275.12 — 30…

• Page 346: Frequency Parameters

  R&S FSH Menu and Softkey Overview Functions of the Spectrum Analyzer Spectrogram Spectrogram Playback 10.2.2 Frequency Parameters The FREQ key opens the frequency menu that contains functionality to set up the horizontal axis of the measurement diagram. Operating Manual 1173.6275.12 — 30…

• Page 347: Span Selection

  R&S FSH Menu and Softkey Overview Functions of the Spectrum Analyzer 10.2.3 Span Selection The SPAN key opens the span menu that contains functionality to set the span. 10.2.4 Amplitude Parameters The AMPT key opens the amplitude menu that contains functionality to set up the vertical axis of the measurement diagram.

• Page 348: Trace Functionality

  R&S FSH Menu and Softkey Overview Functions of the Spectrum Analyzer 10.2.7 Trace Functionality The TRACE key opens the trace menu that contains functionality to set up the traces. 10.2.8 Display and Limit Lines The LINES key opens a menu that contains the functionality to control display and limit lines.

• Page 349
  R&S FSH Menu and Softkey Overview Functions of the Spectrum Analyzer Softkeys in the Marker To Menu Operating Manual 1173.6275.12 — 30…

• Page 350: Functions Of The Network Analyzer

  R&S FSH Menu and Softkey Overview Functions of the Network Analyzer 10.3 Functions of the Network Analyzer This section contains all softkeys and menus that are available in network analyzer mode. Vector network analyzer functionality is available only with option R&S FSH-K42. 10.3.1 Measurement Configuration The MEAS key opens the measurement menu that contains functionality to select and configure the measurement.

• Page 351: Span Selection

  R&S FSH Menu and Softkey Overview Functions of the Network Analyzer 10.3.3 Span Selection The SPAN key opens the span menu that contains functionality to set the span. 10.3.4 Amplitude Parameters The AMPT key opens the amplitude menu that contains functionality to set up the vertical axis of the measurement diagram.

• Page 352: Trace Functionality

  R&S FSH Menu and Softkey Overview Functions of the Network Analyzer 10.3.7 Trace Functionality The TRACE key opens the trace menu that contains functionality to set up the traces. 10.3.8 Limit Lines The LINES key opens a menu that contains the functionality to control limit lines. 10.3.9 Markers The MARKER and MKR…

• Page 353
  R&S FSH Menu and Softkey Overview Functions of the Network Analyzer Softkeys in the Marker To Menu Operating Manual 1173.6275.12 — 30…

• Page 354: Functions Of The Power Meter

  R&S FSH Menu and Softkey Overview Functions of the Power Meter 10.4 Functions of the Power Meter This section contains all softkeys and menus that are available in power meter mode. 10.4.1 Power Meter Measurements The MEAS key opens a menu that contains the functionality to configure measurements with the power meter.

• Page 355: Amplitude Parameters

  R&S FSH Menu and Softkey Overview Functions of the Power Meter 10.4.3 Amplitude Parameters The AMPT key contains functionality to configure level parameters. 10.4.4 Sweep Configuration The SWEEP key opens a menu that contains functionality to configure the sweep. Power Meter and Directional Power Meter Pulse Power Measurements 10.4.5 Bandwidth Configuration The BW key opens a menu that contains functionality to configure the bandwidth.

• Page 356: Trace Configuration

  R&S FSH Menu and Softkey Overview Functions of the Power Meter 10.4.6 Trace Configuration The TRACE key opens a menu that contains functionality to configure the trace. This is only available with Pulse Power Measurements. Operating Manual 1173.6275.12 — 30…

• Page 357: Functions Of The Distance-To-Fault Mode

  R&S FSH Menu and Softkey Overview Functions of the Distance-to-Fault Mode 10.5 Functions of the Distance-to-Fault Mode This section contains all softkeys and menus that are available in distance-to-fault mode. Distance-to-fault functionality is available with option R&S FSH-K41. 10.5.1 Measurement Configuration The MEAS key opens the measurement menu that contains functionality to select and configure the measurement.

• Page 358: Span Selection

  R&S FSH Menu and Softkey Overview Functions of the Distance-to-Fault Mode 10.5.3 Span Selection The SPAN key opens the span menu that contains functionality to set the span. DTF measurements Reflection and spectrum measurements 10.5.4 Amplitude Parameters The AMPT key opens the amplitude menu that contains functionality to set up the vertical axis of the measurement diagram.

• Page 359: Trace Functionality

  R&S FSH Menu and Softkey Overview Functions of the Distance-to-Fault Mode 10.5.7 Trace Functionality The TRACE key opens the trace menu that contains functionality to set up the traces. 10.5.8 Markers The MARKER and MKR keys open a menus to control markers and use marker functions.

• Page 360: Functions Of The Receiver Mode

  R&S FSH Menu and Softkey Overview Functions of the Receiver Mode 10.6 Functions of the Receiver Mode This section contains all softkeys and menus that are available in receiver mode. Receiver functionality is available with option R&S FSH-K43. 10.6.1 Measurement Configuration The MEAS key opens the measurement menu that contains functionality to select and configure the measurement.

• Page 361: Amplitude Parameters

  R&S FSH Menu and Softkey Overview Functions of the Receiver Mode 10.6.4 Amplitude Parameters The AMPT key opens the amplitude menu that contains functionality to set up the vertical axis of the measurement diagram. 10.6.5 Sweep Configuration The SWEEP key opens a menu that contains all functionality to configure the sweep. 10.6.6 Bandwidth Selection The BW key opens a menu that contains all functionality to set the bandwidths.

• Page 362: Markers

  R&S FSH Menu and Softkey Overview Functions of the Receiver Mode 10.6.8 Markers The MARKER and MKR keys open a menus to control markers and use marker functions. Softkeys in the Marker Menu Softkeys in the Marker To Menu Operating Manual 1173.6275.12 — 30…

• Page 363: Functions Of The Interference Analyzer (Map Mode)

  R&S FSH Menu and Softkey Overview Functions of the Interference Analyzer (Map Mode) 10.7 Functions of the Interference Analyzer (Map Mode) This section contains all softkeys and menus that are available in the Maps mode of the interference analyzer. Map mode functionality is available only with options R&S FSH-K15 and / or -K16.. 10.7.1 Measurement Configuration The MEAS key opens the measurement menu that contains functionality to select and configure the measurement.

• Page 364: Amplitude Parameters

  R&S FSH Menu and Softkey Overview Functions of the Interference Analyzer (Map Mode) 10.7.3 Amplitude Parameters The AMPT key opens the amplitude menu that contains functionality to set up the vertical axis of the measurement diagram. 10.7.4 Sweep Configuration The SWEEP key opens a menu that contains all functionality to configure the sweep. 10.7.5 Bandwidth Selection The BW key opens a menu that contains all functionality to set the bandwidths.

• Page 365: Functions Of The Digital Modulation Analyzer

  R&S FSH Menu and Softkey Overview Functions of the Digital Modulation Analyzer 10.8 Functions of the Digital Modulation Analyzer This section contains all softkeys and menus that are available in digital modulation mode. Digital modulation functionality is available only with one of the corresponding options. 10.8.1 Measurement Configuration The MEAS key opens the measurement menu that contains functionality to select and configure the measurement.

• Page 366
  R&S FSH Menu and Softkey Overview Functions of the Digital Modulation Analyzer CDMA2000 1xEV-DO TD-SCDMA Operating Manual 1173.6275.12 — 30…

• Page 367: Frequency Parameters

  R&S FSH Menu and Softkey Overview Functions of the Digital Modulation Analyzer LTE FDD and TDD 10.8.2 Frequency Parameters The FREQ key opens the frequency menu that contains functionality to set up the horizontal axis of the measurement diagram. Operating Manual 1173.6275.12 — 30…

• Page 368: Amplitude Parameters

  R&S FSH Menu and Softkey Overview Functions of the Digital Modulation Analyzer 10.8.3 Amplitude Parameters The AMPT key opens the amplitude menu that contains functionality to set up the vertical axis of the measurement diagram. 3GPP WCDMA, TD-SCDMA and LTE FDD / TDD GSM, CDMA2000 and 1xEV-DO 10.8.4 Sweep Configuration The SWEEP key opens a menu that contains all functionality to configure the sweep.

• Page 369: Trace Functionality

  R&S FSH Menu and Softkey Overview Functions of the Digital Modulation Analyzer 10.8.5 Trace Functionality The TRACE key opens the trace menu that contains functionality to set up the traces. 3GPP WCDMA and LTE (Spectrum Overview and Isotropic Antenna only) GSM, CDMA2000 and 1xEV-DO (Spectrum Overview only) TD-SCDMA (Spectrum Overview only) 3GPP WCDMA (BTS Scanner only)

• Page 370: How A Spectrum Analyzer Works

  R&S FSH How a Spectrum Analyzer Works Functions of the Digital Modulation Analyzer 11 How a Spectrum Analyzer Works Basically, it is possible to measure and analyze RF signals either in the time domain or the frequency domain. Measurements in the time domain show signal variations over time. You can perform these with an oscilloscope, for example.

• Page 371
  R&S FSH How a Spectrum Analyzer Works Functions of the Digital Modulation Analyzer Figure 11-2: Block diagram showing the basic functionality of a spectrum analyzer The precision attenuator at the R&S FSH input attenuates the signal to a level that the mixer can handle without overdriving the mixer.
• Page 372
  R&S FSH How a Spectrum Analyzer Works Functions of the Digital Modulation Analyzer The first local oscillator is tuned with a sawtooth which simultaneously acts as the x deflection voltage for the display. In practice, synthesizer technology is used to generate the frequency of the first local oscillator and for a digital display.
• Page 373
  R&S FSH How a Spectrum Analyzer Works Functions of the Digital Modulation Analyzer Limiting the video bandwidth smoothes the trace considerably. This makes it much easier to determine the level of the measured signal. The detector comes after the video filter. The detector combines the measured spectrum so that it can be represented as one pixel in the trace.
• Page 374
  R&S FSH How a Spectrum Analyzer Works Functions of the Digital Modulation Analyzer On the basis of the operating principles of detectors, a few recommendations can be made as to their use. ● It is best to use the Auto Peak detector or the peak detector for spectrum analysis over large frequency ranges.
• Page 375
  R&S FSH Index Index 1xEV-DO …………….. 285 Beeper …………….127 carrier frequency error ……….291 BitReverse …………… 282 EVM …………….288 BSIC …………….255 PN offset …………… 291 BTS scanner …………..318 power …………….287 Burst length …………… 60 result summary …………. 286 Burst power …………..

• Page 376: Index

  R&S FSH Index Channels External trigger …………..106 1xEV-DO …………..288 Factory calibration …………181 CDMA2000 …………276, 280 File management …………… 29 LTE …………….313 Firmware …………….39 TD-SCDMA…………..300 FM demodulator …………… 123 WCDMA …………… 268 Forward power display …………. 142 W-CDMA …………..

• Page 377
  R&S FSH Index MKR -> …………….. 116 occupied bandwidth …………55 Sweep …………….105 phase …………….197 Trace …………….111 power sensor …………..136 Last span …………….97 reflection …………… 216 Limit check …………… 127 reflection (VV) …………… 212 ACLR …………….69 reflection coefficient …………
• Page 378
  R&S FSH Index distance-to-fault …………214 Reference signal ………….. 313 network analyzer…………177 Reference value…………205, 226 receiver …………….. 231 Reflection…………….. 216 spectrum analyzer …………50 Resolution bandwidth……….102, 105 Options …………….39 Result summary PBCH …………….313 1xEV-DO …………..286 P-CCPCH …………….
• Page 379
  R&S FSH Index Search limits …………..120 Sweep …………..105, 112 Secondary transducer …………130 Sweep mode …………105, 246 Signal power Sweep number…………106, 111 1xEV-DO …………..287 Sweep time …………..105 CDMA2000 …………..275 SYNC …………….276 GSM …………….254 Sync ID LTE …………….
• Page 380
  R&S FSH Index power sensor …………..137 I/Q offset …………… 262 transducer …………..131 power …………….262 User interface …………..11 result summary …………. 261 User number …………..305 scrambling code …………263 VBW …………….103 Scrambling code …………269 Vector measurement …………

Ваш е-мэйл

Заполните, если хотите получить ответ

Оцените наш проект

1

2

3

4

5