Ansys fluent руководство пользователя

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Table of Contents
Using This Manual ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..	xxi
1. What’s In This Manual …………………………………………………………………………………………………………	xxi
2. How To Use This Manual ……………………………………………………………………………………………………..	xxi
2.1. For the Beginner ………………………………………………………………………………………………………..	xxi
2.2. For the Experienced User …………………………………………………………………………………………….	xxi
3.Typographical Conventions Used In This Manual ……………………………………………………………………..	xxi
1. Fluid Flow in an Exhaust Manifold …………………………………………………………………………………………….	1
1.1. Introduction …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….	1
1.2. Prerequisites …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….	2
1.3. Problem Description ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….	2
1.4. Setup and Solution ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………	2
1.4.1. Preparation ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………	3
1.4.2. Meshing Workflow …………………………………………………………………………………………………….	3
1.4.3. General Settings ………………………………………………………………………………………………………	15
1.4.4. Solver Settings ………………………………………………………………………………………………………..	15
1.4.5. Models …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..	16
1.4.6. Materials ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..	16
1.4.7. Cell Zone Conditions ………………………………………………………………………………………………..	16
1.4.8. Boundary Conditions ……………………………………………………………………………………………….	17
1.4.9. Solution …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………	19
1.4.10. Postprocessing ………………………………………………………………………………………………………	26
1.5. Summary ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….	33
2. Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer in a Mixing Elbow ………………………………………………………………………..	35
2.1. Introduction …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..	35
2.2. Prerequisites …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..	35
2.3. Problem Description ………………………………………………………………………………………………………..	35
2.4. Setup and Solution ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….	36
2.4.1. Preparation …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….	37
2.4.2. Launching ANSYS Fluent …………………………………………………………………………………………..	37
2.4.3. Reading the Mesh ……………………………………………………………………………………………………	40
2.4.4. Setting Up Domain …………………………………………………………………………………………………..	43
2.4.5. Setting Up Physics ……………………………………………………………………………………………………	46
2.4.6. Solving ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….	58
2.4.7. Displaying the Preliminary Solution …………………………………………………………………………….	68
2.4.8. Adapting the Mesh …………………………………………………………………………………………………..	80
2.5. Summary ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….	93
3. Postprocessing ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..	95
3.1. Introduction …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..	95
3.2. Prerequisites …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..	96
3.3. Problem Description ………………………………………………………………………………………………………..	96
3.4. Setup and Solution ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….	96
3.4.1. Preparation …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….	97
3.4.2. Reading the Mesh ……………………………………………………………………………………………………	97
3.4.3. Manipulating the Mesh in the Viewer …………………………………………………………………………..	97
3.4.4. Adding Lights …………………………………………………………………………………………………………	99
3.4.5. Creating Isosurfaces ……………………………………………………………………………………………….	103
3.4.6. Generating Contours ………………………………………………………………………………………………	106
3.4.7. Generating Velocity Vectors ……………………………………………………………………………………..	110
3.4.8. Creating an Animation ……………………………………………………………………………………………	115
3.4.9. Displaying Pathlines ……………………………………………………………………………………………….	119

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3.4.10. Creating a Scene With Vectors and Contours ……………………………………………………………..	124
3.4.11. Advanced Overlay of Pathlines on a Scene ………………………………………………………………..	126
3.4.12. Creating Exploded Views ……………………………………………………………………………………….	128
3.4.13. Animating the Display of Results in Successive Streamwise Planes …………………………………	133
3.4.14. Generating XY Plots ………………………………………………………………………………………………	135
3.4.15. Creating Annotation ……………………………………………………………………………………………..	138
3.4.16. Saving Picture Files ……………………………………………………………………………………………….	140
3.4.17. Generating Volume Integral Reports ………………………………………………………………………..	141
3.5. Summary ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..	141
4. Modeling Periodic Flow and Heat Transfer ……………………………………………………………………………..	143
4.1. Introduction …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………	143
4.2. Prerequisites …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………	143
4.3. Problem Description ………………………………………………………………………………………………………	144
4.4. Setup and Solution ………………………………………………………………………………………………………..	144
4.4.1. Preparation …………………………………………………………………………………………………………..	145
4.4.2. Mesh ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………	145
4.4.3. General Settings …………………………………………………………………………………………………….	148
4.4.4. Models …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………	148
4.4.5. Materials ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………	148
4.4.6. Cell Zone Conditions ………………………………………………………………………………………………	150
4.4.7. Periodic Conditions ………………………………………………………………………………………………..	151
4.4.8. Boundary Conditions ………………………………………………………………………………………………	151
4.4.9. Solution ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….	152
4.4.10. Postprocessing …………………………………………………………………………………………………….	157
4.5. Summary ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..	165
4.6. Further Improvements ……………………………………………………………………………………………………	165
5. Modeling External Compressible Flow …………………………………………………………………………………..	167
5.1. Introduction …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………	167
5.2. Prerequisites …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………	167
5.3. Problem Description ………………………………………………………………………………………………………	167
5.4. Setup and Solution ………………………………………………………………………………………………………..	168
5.4.1. Preparation …………………………………………………………………………………………………………..	168
5.4.2. Mesh ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………	168
5.4.3. Solver ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….	170
5.4.4. Models …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………	170
5.4.5. Materials ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………	171
5.4.6. Boundary Conditions ………………………………………………………………………………………………	173
5.4.7. Operating Conditions ……………………………………………………………………………………………..	176
5.4.8. Solution ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….	177
5.4.9. Postprocessing ………………………………………………………………………………………………………	192
5.5. Summary ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..	197
5.6. Further Improvements ……………………………………………………………………………………………………	197
6. Modeling Transient Compressible Flow ………………………………………………………………………………….	199
6.1. Introduction …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………	199
6.2. Prerequisites …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………	199
6.3. Problem Description ………………………………………………………………………………………………………	199
6.4. Setup and Solution ………………………………………………………………………………………………………..	200
6.4.1. Preparation …………………………………………………………………………………………………………..	200
6.4.2. Reading and Checking the Mesh ……………………………………………………………………………….	200
6.4.3. Solver and Analysis Type ………………………………………………………………………………………….	203
6.4.4. Models …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………	204
6.4.5. Materials ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………	205

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Tutorial Guide

6.4.6. Operating Conditions ……………………………………………………………………………………………..	205
6.4.7. Boundary Conditions ………………………………………………………………………………………………	206
6.4.8. Solution: Steady Flow ……………………………………………………………………………………………..	209
6.4.9. Enabling Time Dependence and Setting Transient Conditions ………………………………………..	224
6.4.10. Specifying Solution Parameters for Transient Flow and Solving ……………………………………..	226
6.4.11. Saving and Postprocessing Time-Dependent Data Sets ……………………………………………….	230
6.5. Summary ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..	242
6.6. Further Improvements ……………………………………………………………………………………………………	242
7. Modeling Flow Through Porous Media …………………………………………………………………………………..	243
7.1. Introduction …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………	243
7.2. Prerequisites …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………	243
7.3. Problem Description ………………………………………………………………………………………………………	244
7.4. Setup and Solution ………………………………………………………………………………………………………..	244
7.4.1. Preparation …………………………………………………………………………………………………………..	244
7.4.2. Mesh ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………	245
7.4.3. General Settings …………………………………………………………………………………………………….	247
7.4.4. Models …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………	247
7.4.5. Materials ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………	248
7.4.6. Cell Zone Conditions ………………………………………………………………………………………………	250
7.4.7. Boundary Conditions ………………………………………………………………………………………………	253
7.4.8. Solution ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….	256
7.4.9. Postprocessing ………………………………………………………………………………………………………	261
7.5. Summary ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..	276
7.6. Further Improvements ……………………………………………………………………………………………………	276
8. Modeling Radiation and Natural Convection ………………………………………………………………………….	277
8.1. Introduction …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………	277
8.2. Prerequisites …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………	277
8.3. Problem Description ………………………………………………………………………………………………………	277
8.4. Setup and Solution ………………………………………………………………………………………………………..	278
8.4.1. Preparation …………………………………………………………………………………………………………..	278
8.4.2. Reading and Checking the Mesh ……………………………………………………………………………….	279
8.4.3. Solver and Analysis Type ………………………………………………………………………………………….	279
8.4.4. Models …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………	280
8.4.5. Defining the Materials …………………………………………………………………………………………….	284
8.4.6. Operating Conditions ……………………………………………………………………………………………..	285
8.4.7. Boundary Conditions ………………………………………………………………………………………………	286
8.4.8. Obtaining the Solution ……………………………………………………………………………………………	291
8.4.9. Postprocessing ………………………………………………………………………………………………………	298
8.4.10. Comparing the Contour Plots after Varying Radiating Surfaces ……………………………………..	310
8.4.11. S2S Definition, Solution, and Postprocessing with Partial Enclosure ………………………………..	315
8.5. Summary ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..	318
8.6. Further Improvements ……………………………………………………………………………………………………	318
9. Using a Single Rotating Reference Frame ……………………………………………………………………………….	319
9.1. Introduction …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………	319
9.2. Prerequisites …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………	319
9.3. Problem Description ………………………………………………………………………………………………………	319
9.4. Setup and Solution ………………………………………………………………………………………………………..	320
9.4.1. Preparation …………………………………………………………………………………………………………..	321
9.4.2. Mesh ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………	321
9.4.3. General Settings …………………………………………………………………………………………………….	321
9.4.4. Models …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………	323
9.4.5. Materials ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………	325

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9.4.6. Cell Zone Conditions ………………………………………………………………………………………………	325
9.4.7. Boundary Conditions ………………………………………………………………………………………………	327
9.4.8. Solution Using the Standard k- ε Model ………………………………………………………………………	329
9.4.9. Postprocessing for the Standard k- ε Solution ………………………………………………………………	336
9.4.10. Solution Using the RNG k- ε Model …………………………………………………………………………..	345
9.4.11. Postprocessing for the RNG k- ε Solution …………………………………………………………………..	347
9.5. Summary ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..	352
9.6. Further Improvements ……………………………………………………………………………………………………	352
9.7. References ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………	353
10. Using Multiple Reference Frames ………………………………………………………………………………………..	355
10.1. Introduction ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….	355
10.2. Prerequisites ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….	355
10.3. Problem Description …………………………………………………………………………………………………….	355
10.4. Setup and Solution ………………………………………………………………………………………………………	356
10.4.1. Preparation …………………………………………………………………………………………………………	356
10.4.2. Mesh ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….	357
10.4.3. Models ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….	357
10.4.4. Materials …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….	358
10.4.5. Cell Zone Conditions …………………………………………………………………………………………….	358
10.4.6. Boundary Conditions …………………………………………………………………………………………….	358
10.4.7. Solution ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..	360
10.4.8. Postprocessing …………………………………………………………………………………………………….	363
10.5. Summary ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………	364
10.6. Further Improvements ………………………………………………………………………………………………….	365
11. Using Sliding Meshes …………………………………………………………………………………………………………	367
11.1. Introduction ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….	367
11.2. Prerequisites ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….	367
11.3. Problem Description …………………………………………………………………………………………………….	367
11.4. Setup and Solution ………………………………………………………………………………………………………	368
11.4.1. Preparation …………………………………………………………………………………………………………	368
11.4.2. Mesh ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….	369
11.4.3. General Settings …………………………………………………………………………………………………..	369
11.4.4. Models ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….	372
11.4.5. Materials …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….	372
11.4.6. Cell Zone Conditions …………………………………………………………………………………………….	373
11.4.7. Boundary Conditions …………………………………………………………………………………………….	376
11.4.8. Operating Conditions ……………………………………………………………………………………………	382
11.4.9. Mesh Interfaces ……………………………………………………………………………………………………	382
11.4.10. Solution ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………	384
11.4.11. Postprocessing …………………………………………………………………………………………………..	402
11.5. Summary ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………	406
11.6. Further Improvements ………………………………………………………………………………………………….	406
12. Using Overset and Dynamic Meshes …………………………………………………………………………………….	407
12.1. Prerequisites ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….	408
12.2. Problem Description …………………………………………………………………………………………………….	408
12.3. Preparation …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………	409
12.4. Mesh …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………	409
12.5. Overset Interface Creation ……………………………………………………………………………………………..	412
12.6. Steady-State Case Setup ………………………………………………………………………………………………..	415
12.6.1. General Settings …………………………………………………………………………………………………..	415
12.6.2. Models ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….	415
12.6.3. Materials …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….	417

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Tutorial Guide

12.6.4. Operating Conditions ……………………………………………………………………………………………	417
12.6.5. Boundary Conditions …………………………………………………………………………………………….	417
12.6.6. Reference Values ………………………………………………………………………………………………….	419
12.6.7. Solution ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..	419
12.7. Unsteady Setup …………………………………………………………………………………………………………..	425
12.7.1. General Settings …………………………………………………………………………………………………..	425
12.7.2. Compile the UDF ………………………………………………………………………………………………….	425
12.7.3. Dynamic Mesh Settings …………………………………………………………………………………………	426
12.7.4. Report Generation for Unsteady Case ………………………………………………………………………	429
12.7.5. Run Calculations for Unsteady Case …………………………………………………………………………	430
12.7.6. Overset Solution Checking …………………………………………………………………………………….	431
12.7.7. Postprocessing …………………………………………………………………………………………………….	431
12.7.8. Diagnosing an Overset Case …………………………………………………………………………………..	434
12.8. Summary ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………	441
13. Modeling Species Transport and Gaseous Combustion ………………………………………………………….	443
13.1. Introduction ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….	443
13.2. Prerequisites ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….	443
13.3. Problem Description …………………………………………………………………………………………………….	443
13.4. Background ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..	444
13.5. Setup and Solution ………………………………………………………………………………………………………	444
13.5.1. Preparation …………………………………………………………………………………………………………	444
13.5.2. Mesh ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….	445
13.5.3. General Settings …………………………………………………………………………………………………..	445
13.5.4. Models ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….	447
13.5.5. Materials …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….	450
13.5.6. Boundary Conditions …………………………………………………………………………………………….	453
13.5.7. Initial Reaction Solution …………………………………………………………………………………………	459
13.5.8. Postprocessing …………………………………………………………………………………………………….	463
13.5.9. NOx Prediction …………………………………………………………………………………………………….	470
13.6. Summary ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………	479
13.7. Further Improvements ………………………………………………………………………………………………….	479
14. Using the Eddy Dissipation and Steady Diffusion Flamelet Combustion Models ……………………….	481
14.1. Introduction ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….	481
14.2. Prerequisites ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….	481
14.3. Problem Description …………………………………………………………………………………………………….	481
14.4. Setup and Solution ………………………………………………………………………………………………………	482
14.4.1. Preparation …………………………………………………………………………………………………………	483
14.4.2. Mesh ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….	483
14.4.3. Solver Settings …………………………………………………………………………………………………….	484
14.4.4. Models ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….	484
14.4.5. Boundary Conditions …………………………………………………………………………………………….	485
14.4.6. Solution ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..	487
14.4.7. Postprocessing for the Eddy-Dissipation Solution ……………………………………………………….	489
14.5. Steady Diffusion Flamelet Model Setup and Solution ………………………………………………………….	495
14.5.1. Models ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….	496
14.5.2. Boundary Conditions …………………………………………………………………………………………….	497
14.5.3. Solution ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..	498
14.5.4. Postprocessing for the Steady Diffusion Flamelet Solution ……………………………………………	498
14.6. Summary ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………	501
15. Modeling Surface Chemistry ……………………………………………………………………………………………….	503
15.1. Introduction ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….	503
15.2. Prerequisites ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….	503

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15.3. Problem Description …………………………………………………………………………………………………….	504
15.4. Setup and Solution ………………………………………………………………………………………………………	505
15.4.1. Preparation …………………………………………………………………………………………………………	505
15.4.2. Reading and Checking the Mesh ……………………………………………………………………………..	505
15.4.3. Solver and Analysis Type ………………………………………………………………………………………..	507
15.4.4. Specifying the Models …………………………………………………………………………………………..	507
15.4.5. Defining Materials and Properties ……………………………………………………………………………	509
15.4.6. Specifying Boundary Conditions ……………………………………………………………………………..	520
15.4.7. Setting the Operating Conditions ……………………………………………………………………………	527
15.4.8. Simulating Non-Reacting Flow ………………………………………………………………………………..	528
15.4.9. Simulating Reacting Flow ………………………………………………………………………………………	530
15.4.10. Postprocessing the Solution Results ……………………………………………………………………….	536
15.5. Summary ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………	542
15.6. Further Improvements ………………………………………………………………………………………………….	542
16. Modeling Evaporating Liquid Spray …………………………………………………………………………………….	543
16.1. Introduction ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….	543
16.2. Prerequisites ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….	543
16.3. Problem Description …………………………………………………………………………………………………….	543
16.4. Setup and Solution ………………………………………………………………………………………………………	544
16.4.1. Preparation …………………………………………………………………………………………………………	544
16.4.2. Mesh ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….	545
16.4.3. Solver …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………	548
16.4.4. Models ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….	548
16.4.5. Materials …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….	551
16.4.6. Boundary Conditions …………………………………………………………………………………………….	552
16.4.7. Initial Solution Without Droplets ……………………………………………………………………………..	558
16.4.8. Creating a Spray Injection ………………………………………………………………………………………	568
16.4.9. Solution ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..	577
16.4.10. Postprocessing …………………………………………………………………………………………………..	586
16.5. Summary ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………	596
16.6. Further Improvements ………………………………………………………………………………………………….	596
17. Using the VOF Model ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….	597
17.1. Introduction ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….	597
17.2. Prerequisites ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….	597
17.3. Problem Description …………………………………………………………………………………………………….	597
17.4. Setup and Solution ………………………………………………………………………………………………………	599
17.4.1. Preparation …………………………………………………………………………………………………………	599
17.4.2. Reading and Manipulating the Mesh ………………………………………………………………………..	600
17.4.3. General Settings …………………………………………………………………………………………………..	604
17.4.4. Models ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….	606
17.4.5. Materials …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….	607
17.4.6. Phases ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..	609
17.4.7. Operating Conditions ……………………………………………………………………………………………	612
17.4.8. User-Defined Function (UDF) ………………………………………………………………………………….	612
17.4.9. Boundary Conditions …………………………………………………………………………………………….	613
17.4.10. Solution ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………	617
17.4.11. Postprocessing …………………………………………………………………………………………………..	624
17.5. Summary ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………	628
17.6. Further Improvements ………………………………………………………………………………………………….	628
18. Modeling Cavitation …………………………………………………………………………………………………………..	629
18.1. Introduction ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….	629
18.2. Prerequisites ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….	629

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18.3. Problem Description …………………………………………………………………………………………………….	629
18.4. Setup and Solution ………………………………………………………………………………………………………	630
18.4.1. Preparation …………………………………………………………………………………………………………	630
18.4.2. Reading and Checking the Mesh ……………………………………………………………………………..	631
18.4.3. Solver Settings …………………………………………………………………………………………………….	632
18.4.4. Models ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….	633
18.4.5. Materials …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….	635
18.4.6. Phases ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..	638
18.4.7. Boundary Conditions …………………………………………………………………………………………….	641
18.4.8. Operating Conditions ……………………………………………………………………………………………	646
18.4.9. Solution ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..	647
18.4.10. Postprocessing …………………………………………………………………………………………………..	651
18.5. Summary ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………	655
18.6. Further Improvements ………………………………………………………………………………………………….	656
19. Using the Multiphase Models ……………………………………………………………………………………………..	657
19.1. Introduction ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….	657
19.2. Prerequisites ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….	657
19.3. Problem Description …………………………………………………………………………………………………….	657
19.4. Setup and Solution ………………………………………………………………………………………………………	658
19.4.1. Preparation …………………………………………………………………………………………………………	658
19.4.2. Mesh ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….	659
19.4.3. Solver Settings …………………………………………………………………………………………………….	660
19.4.4. Models ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….	661
19.4.5. Materials …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….	662
19.4.6. Phases ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..	663
19.4.7. Cell Zone Conditions …………………………………………………………………………………………….	663
19.4.8. Boundary Conditions …………………………………………………………………………………………….	664
19.4.9. Solution ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..	665
19.4.10. Postprocessing …………………………………………………………………………………………………..	667
19.5. Summary ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………	671
20. Modeling Solidification ………………………………………………………………………………………………………	673
20.1. Introduction ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….	673
20.2. Prerequisites ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….	673
20.3. Problem Description …………………………………………………………………………………………………….	673
20.4. Setup and Solution ………………………………………………………………………………………………………	674
20.4.1. Preparation …………………………………………………………………………………………………………	675
20.4.2. Reading and Checking the Mesh ……………………………………………………………………………..	675
20.4.3. Specifying Solver and Analysis Type …………………………………………………………………………	676
20.4.4. Specifying the Models …………………………………………………………………………………………..	678
20.4.5. Defining Materials ………………………………………………………………………………………………..	679
20.4.6. Setting the Cell Zone Conditions ……………………………………………………………………………..	682
20.4.7. Setting the Boundary Conditions …………………………………………………………………………….	682
20.4.8. Solution: Steady Conduction …………………………………………………………………………………..	691
20.4.9. Solution:Transient Flow and Heat Transfer …………………………………………………………………	702
20.5. Summary ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………	713
20.6. Further Improvements ………………………………………………………………………………………………….	713
21. Using the Eulerian Granular Multiphase Model with Heat Transfer ………………………………………….	715
21.1. Introduction ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….	715
21.2. Prerequisites ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….	715
21.3. Problem Description …………………………………………………………………………………………………….	715
21.4. Setup and Solution ………………………………………………………………………………………………………	716
21.4.1. Preparation …………………………………………………………………………………………………………	716

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21.4.2. Mesh ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….	717
21.4.3. Solver Settings …………………………………………………………………………………………………….	718
21.4.4. Models ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….	719
21.4.5. UDF …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..	720
21.4.6. Materials …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….	721
21.4.7. Phases ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..	722
21.4.8. Boundary Conditions …………………………………………………………………………………………….	726
21.4.9. Solution ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..	732
21.4.10. Postprocessing …………………………………………………………………………………………………..	745
21.5. Summary ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………	747
21.6. Further Improvements ………………………………………………………………………………………………….	747
21.7. References ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….	747
22. Modeling One-Way Fluid-Structure Interaction (FSI) Within Fluent ………………………………………….	749
22.1. Introduction ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….	749
22.2. Prerequisites ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….	749
22.3. Problem Description …………………………………………………………………………………………………….	749
22.4. Setup and Solution ………………………………………………………………………………………………………	750
22.4.1. Preparation …………………………………………………………………………………………………………	750
22.4.2. Structural Model …………………………………………………………………………………………………..	752
22.4.3. Materials …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….	752
22.4.4. Cell Zone Conditions …………………………………………………………………………………………….	754
22.4.5. Boundary Conditions …………………………………………………………………………………………….	755
22.4.6. Solution ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..	758
22.4.7. Postprocessing …………………………………………………………………………………………………….	760
22.5. Summary ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………	763
23. Modeling Two-Way Fluid-Structure Interaction (FSI) Within Fluent ………………………………………….	765
23.1. Introduction ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….	765
23.2. Prerequisites ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….	765
23.3. Problem Description …………………………………………………………………………………………………….	766
23.4. Setup and Solution ………………………………………………………………………………………………………	766
23.4.1. Preparation …………………………………………………………………………………………………………	766
23.4.2. Solver and Analysis Type ………………………………………………………………………………………..	769
23.4.3. Structural Model …………………………………………………………………………………………………..	769
23.4.4. Materials …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….	770
23.4.5. Cell Zone Conditions …………………………………………………………………………………………….	771
23.4.6. Boundary Conditions …………………………………………………………………………………………….	771
23.4.7. Dynamic Mesh Zones ……………………………………………………………………………………………	774
23.4.8. Solution Animations ……………………………………………………………………………………………..	778
23.4.9. Solution ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..	788
23.4.10. Postprocessing …………………………………………………………………………………………………..	791
23.5. Summary ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………	793
24. Using the Adjoint Solver – 2D Laminar Flow Past a Cylinder ……………………………………………………	795
24.1. Introduction ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….	795
24.2. Prerequisites ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….	795
24.3. Problem Description …………………………………………………………………………………………………….	796
24.4. Setup and Solution ………………………………………………………………………………………………………	796
24.4.1. Step 1: Preparation ……………………………………………………………………………………………….	796
24.4.2. Step 2: Define Observables …………………………………………………………………………………….	798
24.4.3. Step 3: Compute the Drag Sensitivity ……………………………………………………………………….	801
24.4.4. Step 4: Postprocess and Export Drag Sensitivity ………………………………………………………….	805
24.4.4.1. Boundary Condition Sensitivity ……………………………………………………………………….	806
24.4.4.2. Momentum Source Sensitivity ………………………………………………………………………..	806

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24.4.4.3. Shape Sensitivity ………………………………………………………………………………………….	808
24.4.4.4. Exporting Drag Sensitivity Data ……………………………………………………………………….	810
24.4.5. Step 5: Compute Lift Sensitivity ……………………………………………………………………………….	813
24.4.6. Step 6: Modify the Shape ……………………………………………………………………………………….	814
24.5. Summary ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………	820
25. Simulating a Single Battery Cell Using the MSMD Battery Model …………………………………………….	823
25.1. Introduction ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….	823
25.2. Prerequisites ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….	823
25.3. Problem Description …………………………………………………………………………………………………….	823
25.4. Setup and Solution ………………………………………………………………………………………………………	824
25.4.1. Preparation …………………………………………………………………………………………………………	824
25.4.2. Reading and Scaling the Mesh ………………………………………………………………………………..	825
25.4.3. Loading the MSMD battery Add-on ………………………………………………………………………….	825
25.4.4. NTGK Battery Model Setup …………………………………………………………………………………….	825
25.4.4.1. Specifying Solver and Models ………………………………………………………………………….	826
25.4.4.2. Defining New Materials for Cell and Tabs …………………………………………………………..	831
25.4.4.3. Defining Cell Zone Conditions …………………………………………………………………………	835
25.4.4.4. Defining Boundary Conditions ………………………………………………………………………..	836
25.4.4.5. Specifying Solution Settings ……………………………………………………………………………	836
25.4.4.6. Obtaining Solution ……………………………………………………………………………………….	840
25.4.5. Postprocessing …………………………………………………………………………………………………….	842
25.4.6. Simulating the Battery Pulse Discharge Using the ECM Model ………………………………………	850
25.4.7. Using the Reduced Order Method (ROM) ………………………………………………………………….	851
25.4.8. External and Internal Short-Circuit Treatment …………………………………………………………….	852
25.4.8.1. Setting up and Solving a Short-Circuit Problem ………………………………………………….	852
25.4.8.2. Postprocessing …………………………………………………………………………………………….	854
25.5. Summary ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………	859
25.6. Appendix ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………	859
25.7. References ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….	861
26. Simulating a 1P3S Battery Pack Using the MSMD Battery Model …………………………………………….	863
26.1. Introduction ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….	863
26.2. Prerequisites ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….	863
26.3. Problem Description …………………………………………………………………………………………………….	863
26.4. Setup and Solution ………………………………………………………………………………………………………	864
26.4.1. Preparation …………………………………………………………………………………………………………	864
26.4.2. Reading and Scaling the Mesh ………………………………………………………………………………..	865
26.4.3. Loading the MSMD battery Add-on ………………………………………………………………………….	866
26.4.4. Battery Model Setup ……………………………………………………………………………………………..	866
26.4.4.1. Specifying Solver and Models ………………………………………………………………………….	866
26.4.4.2. Defining New Materials ………………………………………………………………………………….	871
26.4.4.3. Defining Cell Zone Conditions …………………………………………………………………………	875
26.4.4.4. Defining Boundary Conditions ………………………………………………………………………..	876
26.4.4.5. Specifying Solution Settings ……………………………………………………………………………	877
26.4.4.6. Obtaining Solution ……………………………………………………………………………………….	881
26.4.5. Postprocessing …………………………………………………………………………………………………….	883
26.5. Summary ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………	889
27. In-Flight Icing Tutorial Using Fluent Icing ……………………………………………………………………………..	891
27.1. Fluent Airflow on the NACA0012 Airfoil …………………………………………………………………………..	891
27.2. Flow Solution on the Rough NACA0012 Airfoil …………………………………………………………………..	892
27.3. Droplet Impingement on the NACA0012 ………………………………………………………………………….	895
27.3.1. Monodispersed Calculation ……………………………………………………………………………………	896
27.3.2. Langmuir-D Distribution ………………………………………………………………………………………..	900

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27.3.3. Post-Processing Using Quick-View …………………………………………………………………………..	903
27.4. Fluent Icing Ice Accretion on the NACA0012 ……………………………………………………………………..	912
27.5. Postprocessing an Ice Accretion Solution Using CFD-Post Macros ………………………………………….	919
27.6. Multi-Shot Ice Accretion with Automatic Mesh Displacement ……………………………………………….	925
27.7. Multi-Shot Ice Accretion with Automatic Mesh Displacement – Postprocessing Using CFD-Post ….	929

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List of Figures
1.1. Manifold Geometry for Flow Modeling ……………………………………………………………………………………….	2
1.2. Mass Flow Rate History ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….	26
1.3. Residuals …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….	26
1.4. Pathlines Through the Manifold ……………………………………………………………………………………………….	28
1.5. Scene Containing the Mesh and Pathlines Throughout the Manifold ………………………………………………	31
1.6. Contours of Velocity Magnitude at the Outlet …………………………………………………………………………….	33
2.1. Problem Specification ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………	36
2.2. The Hexahedral Mesh for the Mixing Elbow ……………………………………………………………………………….	43
2.3. Convergence History of the Mass-Weighted Average Temperature …………………………………………………	66
2.4. Residuals …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….	66
2.5. Predicted Velocity Distribution after the Initial Calculation ……………………………………………………………	70
2.6. Predicted Temperature Distribution after the Initial Calculation ……………………………………………………..	72
2.7. Velocity Vectors Colored by Velocity Magnitude ………………………………………………………………………….	73
2.8. Resized Velocity Vectors …………………………………………………………………………………………………………	74
2.9. Magnified View of Resized Velocity Vectors ………………………………………………………………………………..	74
2.10. Outlet Temperature Profile for the Initial Solution ……………………………………………………………………..	77
2.11. Contours of the Dynamic Head Custom Field Function ……………………………………………………………….	79
2.12. Cells Marked for Adaption …………………………………………………………………………………………………….	83
2.13. Alternative Display of Cells Marked for Adaption ……………………………………………………………………….	85
2.14. The Adapted Mesh ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………	87
2.15. The Complete Residual History ………………………………………………………………………………………………	88
2.16. Convergence History of Mass-Weighted Average Temperature …………………………………………………….	88
2.17. Filled Contours of Temperature Using the Adapted Mesh ……………………………………………………………	89
2.18. Outlet Temperature Profile for the Adapted Coupled Solver Solution …………………………………………….	90
2.19. Outlet Temperature Profiles for the Two Solutions ……………………………………………………………………..	93
3.1. Problem Specification ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………	96
3.2. Mesh Display of the Chip and Board Surfaces …………………………………………………………………………….	99
3.3. Graphics Window with Default Lighting …………………………………………………………………………………..	101
3.4. Display with Additional Lighting: — Headlight Off ……………………………………………………………………….	102
3.5. Display with Additional Lighting ……………………………………………………………………………………………	103
3.6. Filled Contours of Temperature on the Symmetry Surfaces ………………………………………………………….	108
3.7. Filled Contours of Temperature on the Clipped Surface ………………………………………………………………	109
3.8.Temperature Contours on the Surface,Y= 0.25 in. ………………………………………………………………………	110
3.9. Velocity Vectors in the Module Symmetry Plane ………………………………………………………………………..	112
3.10.Velocity Vectors Intersecting the Surface ………………………………………………………………………………..	114
3.11. Velocity Vectors After Mirroring ……………………………………………………………………………………………	115
3.12. Filled Temperature Contours on the Chip and Board Top Surfaces ………………………………………………	117
3.13. Filled Temperature Contours on the Chip and Board Top Surfaces ………………………………………………	118
3.14. Pathlines Display Colored by Static Pressure ……………………………………………………………………………	122
3.15. Sphere Pathlines Display Colored by Static Pressure …………………………………………………………………	123
3.16. Sphere Pathlines Colored by Static Temperature ……………………………………………………………………..	124
3.17. Temperature Contours and Velocity Vectors Scene …………………………………………………………………..	126
3.18. Overlay of Pathlines Colored by Pressure on Velocity Vectors and Temperature Contours Scene ……….	128
3.19. Exploded Scene Display of Temperature and Velocity ……………………………………………………………….	133
3.20. Temperature Along the Top Centerline of the Module ………………………………………………………………	138
3.21. A Display with Annotation …………………………………………………………………………………………………..	140
4.1. Schematic of the Problem …………………………………………………………………………………………………….	144
4.2. Mesh for the Periodic Tube Bank …………………………………………………………………………………………….	147
4.3. Contours of Static Pressure ……………………………………………………………………………………………………	158
4.4. Contours of Static Pressure with Symmetry ………………………………………………………………………………	159

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4.5. Contours of Static Temperature ……………………………………………………………………………………………..	160
4.6. Velocity Vectors …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..	162
4.7. Static Temperature at x=0.01, 0.02, and 0.03 m ………………………………………………………………………….	165
5.1. Problem Specification ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….	168
5.2. The Entire Mesh ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….	169
5.3. Magnified View of the Mesh Around the Airfoil …………………………………………………………………………	169
5.4. Pressure Contours After 50 Iterations ………………………………………………………………………………………	186
5.5. Magnified View of Pressure Contours Showing Wall-Adjacent Cells ……………………………………………….	187
5.6. Velocity Magnitude History …………………………………………………………………………………………………..	190
5.7. Drag Coefficient Convergence History …………………………………………………………………………………….	191
5.8. Lift Coefficient Convergence History ……………………………………………………………………………………….	191
5.9. Moment Coefficient Convergence History ……………………………………………………………………………….	192
5.10. XY Plot of y+ Distribution ……………………………………………………………………………………………………	193
5.11. Contour Plot of Mach Number ……………………………………………………………………………………………..	194
5.12. XY Plot of Pressure …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….	195
5.13. XY Plot of x Wall Shear Stress ……………………………………………………………………………………………….	195
5.14. Contour Plot of x Component of Velocity ……………………………………………………………………………….	196
5.15. Plot of Velocity Vectors Downstream of the Shock ……………………………………………………………………	197
6.1. Problem Specification ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….	200
6.2. 2D Nozzle Mesh Display with Mirroring …………………………………………………………………………………..	202
6.3. Mass Flow Rate History …………………………………………………………………………………………………………	218
6.4. 2D Nozzle Mesh after Adaption ……………………………………………………………………………………………..	220
6.5. Contours of Static Pressure (Steady Flow) …………………………………………………………………………………	221
6.6. Velocity Vectors Showing Recirculation (Steady Flow) ………………………………………………………………..	223
6.7. Mass Flow Rate History (Transient Flow) ………………………………………………………………………………….	230
6.8. Pressure Contours at t=0.017136 s ………………………………………………………………………………………….	234
6.9. Mach Number Contours at t=0.017136 s ………………………………………………………………………………….	236
6.10. Pressure Contours at t=0.017993 s ………………………………………………………………………………………..	238
6.11. Pressure Contours at t=0.019135 s ………………………………………………………………………………………..	239
6.12. Mach Number Contours at t=0.017993 s ………………………………………………………………………………..	239
6.13. Mach Number Contours at t=0.019135 s ………………………………………………………………………………..	240
6.14.Velocity Vectors at t=0.018849 s ……………………………………………………………………………………………	242
7.1. Catalytic Converter Geometry for Flow Modeling ………………………………………………………………………	244
7.2. Mesh for the Catalytic Converter Geometry ……………………………………………………………………………..	247
7.3. Mass Flow Rate History …………………………………………………………………………………………………………	261
7.4. Velocity Vectors on the y=0 Plane …………………………………………………………………………………………..	270
7.5. Contours of Static Pressure on the y=0 plane ……………………………………………………………………………	272
7.6. Plot of Static Pressure on the porous-cl Line Surface ………………………………………………………………….	273
7.7. Contours of the X Velocity on the x=95, x=130, and x=165 Surfaces ………………………………………………	274
8.1. Schematic of the Problem …………………………………………………………………………………………………….	278
8.2. Graphics Display of Mesh ……………………………………………………………………………………………………..	279
8.3.Temperature Surface Report ………………………………………………………………………………………………….	297
8.4. Scaled Residuals …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………	297
8.5. Contours of Static Temperature ……………………………………………………………………………………………..	300
8.6. Contours of Wall Temperature ……………………………………………………………………………………………….	302
8.7. Contours of Radiation Heat Flux …………………………………………………………………………………………….	304
8.8. Vectors of Velocity Magnitude ……………………………………………………………………………………………….	305
8.9.Temperature Profile Along the Outer Surface of the Box ……………………………………………………………..	310
8.10. Contours of Wall Temperature: 100 Face per Surface Cluster ………………………………………………………	311
8.11. Contours of Wall Temperature: 800 Faces per Surface Cluster ……………………………………………………..	312
8.12. Contours of Wall Temperature: 1600 Faces per Surface Cluster ……………………………………………………	312
8.13. A Comparison of Temperature Profiles along the Outer Surface of the Box ……………………………………	314

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8.14. Wall Temperature Profile Comparison ……………………………………………………………………………………	318
9.1. Problem Specification ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….	320
9.2. Mesh Display for the Disk Cavity …………………………………………………………………………………………….	322
9.3. Mass Flow Rate History (k- ε Turbulence Model) ………………………………………………………………………..	335
9.4. Magnified View of Velocity Vectors within the Disk Cavity ……………………………………………………………	338
9.5. Contours of Static Pressure for the Entire Disk Cavity ………………………………………………………………….	340
9.6. Radial Velocity Distribution—Standard k- ε Solution ………………………………………………………………….	342
9.7. Wall Yplus Distribution on wall-6— Standard k- ε Solution ………………………………………………………….	344
9.8. Radial Velocity Distribution — RNG k- ε and Standard k- ε Solutions ……………………………………………..	349
9.9. RNG k- ε and Standard k- ε Solutions (x=0 cm to x=1 cm) ……………………………………………………………	350
9.10. wall-6 — RNG k- ε and Standard k- ε Solutions (x=0 cm to x=43 cm) ……………………………………………	352
10.1. Case Geometry …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………	356
10.2. Contours of Static Pressure ………………………………………………………………………………………………….	364
11.1. Rotor-Stator Problem Description …………………………………………………………………………………………	368
11.2. Rotor-Stator Display …………………………………………………………………………………………………………..	370
11.3. Residual History for the First Revolution of the Rotor ………………………………………………………………..	392
11.4. Mass Flow Rate at the Inlet During the First Revolution …………………………………………………………….	393
11.5. Mass Flow Rate at the Outlet During the First Revolution …………………………………………………………..	393
11.6. Static Pressure at the Interface During the First Revolution ………………………………………………………..	394
11.7. Mass Flow Rate at the Inlet During the Next 3 Revolutions ………………………………………………………..	397
11.8. Mass Flow Rate at the Outlet During the Next 3 Revolutions ………………………………………………………	397
11.9. Static Pressure at the Interface During the Next 3 Revolutions ……………………………………………………	398
11.10. Static Pressure at a Point on The Stator Interface During the Final Revolution ………………………………	402
11.11. FFT of Static Pressure at the Stator ………………………………………………………………………………………	404
11.12. Mean Static Pressure on the Outer Shroud of the Axial Compressor …………………………………………..	406
12.1. Schematic of Problem ………………………………………………………………………………………………………..	408
12.2. Close View of Bay Area ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….	409
12.3. Cell Marking on component ………………………………………………………………………………………………..	438
12.4. Cell Marking on fluid-background ………………………………………………………………………………………..	438
12.5. Dead Cells in the Component ………………………………………………………………………………………………	440
12.6. Dead Cells in the Background ………………………………………………………………………………………………	441
13.1. Combustion of Methane Gas in a Turbulent Diffusion Flame Furnace …………………………………………..	444
13.2. The Quadrilateral Mesh for the Combustor Model ……………………………………………………………………	446
13.3. Contours of Temperature …………………………………………………………………………………………………….	464
13.4. Velocity Vectors …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………	466
13.5. Contours of CH4 Mass Fraction …………………………………………………………………………………………….	466
13.6. Contours of O2 Mass Fraction ………………………………………………………………………………………………	467
13.7. Contours of CO2 Mass Fraction …………………………………………………………………………………………….	467
13.8. Contours of H2O Mass Fraction …………………………………………………………………………………………….	468
13.9. Contours of NO Mass Fraction — Prompt and Thermal NOx Formation ………………………………………..	474
13.10. Contours of NO Mass Fraction—Thermal NOx Formation ………………………………………………………..	476
13.11. Contours of NO Mass Fraction—Prompt NOx Formation …………………………………………………………	477
13.12. Contours of NO ppm — Prompt NOx Formation …………………………………………………………………….	479
14.1. Can Combustor Geometry …………………………………………………………………………………………………..	482
14.2. Mesh Display of the Can Combustor ……………………………………………………………………………………..	484
14.3. Scaled Residuals ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..	488
14.4. Convergence History of Mass-Weighted Average CO2 on the Outlet ……………………………………………	489
14.5. Contours of CO2 Mass Fraction …………………………………………………………………………………………….	493
14.6. Contours of O2 Mass Fraction ………………………………………………………………………………………………	494
14.7. Contours of Static Temperature on the Combustor Walls …………………………………………………………..	495
14.8. Contours of Mean Mixture Fraction ……………………………………………………………………………………….	499
14.9. Contours of CO2 Mass Fraction …………………………………………………………………………………………….	499

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14.10. Convergence History of Mass-Weighted Average CO2 on the Outlet ………………………………………….	501
15.1. Schematic of the Reactor Configuration …………………………………………………………………………………	504
15.2. Mesh Display ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………	507
15.3. Contours of Surface Deposition Rate of Ga ……………………………………………………………………………..	534
15.4. Scaled Residuals ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..	535
15.5. Temperature Contours Near wall-4 ……………………………………………………………………………………….	538
15.6. Contours of Surface Deposition Rate of ga ……………………………………………………………………………..	539
15.7. Contours of Surface Coverage of ga_s ……………………………………………………………………………………	539
15.8. Plot of Surface Deposition Rate of Ga …………………………………………………………………………………….	542
16.1. Problem Specification ………………………………………………………………………………………………………..	544
16.2. Air-Blast Atomizer Mesh Display …………………………………………………………………………………………..	548
16.3. Scaled Residuals ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..	562
16.4. Velocity Magnitude at Mid-Point of Atomizer Section ……………………………………………………………….	565
16.5. Pathlines of Air in the Swirling Annular Stream ………………………………………………………………………..	568
16.6. Convergence History of Mass Fraction of ch3oh on Fluid …………………………………………………………..	585
16.7. Convergence History of DPM Mass Source on Fluid ………………………………………………………………….	585
16.8. Convergence History of Total Mass in Domain …………………………………………………………………………	586
16.9. Convergence History of Evaporated Particle Mass ……………………………………………………………………	586
16.10. Particle Tracks for the Spray Injection …………………………………………………………………………………..	588
16.11. Contours of DPM Temperature ……………………………………………………………………………………………	590
16.12. Contours of DPM Sauter Diameter ………………………………………………………………………………………	590
16.13.Vectors of DPM Mean Velocity Colored by DPM Velocity Magnitude …………………………………………..	592
16.14. Full Atomizer Display with Surface of Constant Methanol Mass Fraction …………………………………….	595
16.15. Atomizer Display with Surface of Constant Methanol Mass Fraction Enhanced …………………………….	596
17.1. Schematic of the Problem …………………………………………………………………………………………………..	598
17.2. Default Display of the Nozzle Mesh ……………………………………………………………………………………….	600
17.3. The Quadrilateral Mesh ………………………………………………………………………………………………………	601
17.4. Mesh Display of the Nozzle Mirrored and Upright ……………………………………………………………………	604
17.5. Contours of Water Volume Fraction After 6 μs …………………………………………………………………………	626
17.6. Contours of Water Volume Fraction After 12 μs ………………………………………………………………………..	626
17.7. Contours of Water Volume Fraction After 18 μs ………………………………………………………………………..	627
17.8. Contours of Water Volume Fraction After 24 μs ………………………………………………………………………..	627
17.9. Contours of Water Volume Fraction After 30 μs ………………………………………………………………………..	628
18.1. Problem Schematic ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………	630
18.2.The Mesh in the Orifice ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….	632
18.3. Contours of Static Pressure ………………………………………………………………………………………………….	653
18.4. Mirrored View of Contours of Static Pressure …………………………………………………………………………..	654
18.5. Contours of Turbulent Kinetic Energy …………………………………………………………………………………….	654
18.6. Contours of Vapor Volume Fraction ……………………………………………………………………………………….	655
19.1. Problem Schematic ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………	658
19.2. Mesh Display of the Mixing Tank …………………………………………………………………………………………..	660
19.3. Residual History ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..	666
19.4. Contours of Air Volume Fraction on the XZ plane …………………………………………………………………….	668
19.5. Contours of Air Volume Fraction on the z=0.08 plane ……………………………………………………………….	669
19.6.Vectors of Water Velocity Magnitude on the XZ plane ……………………………………………………………….	670
19.7. Vectors of Air Velocity Magnitude on the XZ plane …………………………………………………………………..	670
20.1. Solidification in Czochralski Model ……………………………………………………………………………………….	674
20.2. Mesh Display ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………	676
20.3. Contours of Temperature for the Steady Conduction Solution ……………………………………………………	700
20.4. Contours of Temperature (Mushy Zone) for the Steady Conduction Solution ………………………………..	702
20.5. Contours of Temperature at t=0.2 s ……………………………………………………………………………………….	708
20.6. Contours of Stream Function at t=0.2 s ………………………………………………………………………………….	709

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Tutorial Guide

20.7. Contours of Liquid Fraction at t=0.2 s …………………………………………………………………………………….	710
20.8. Contours of Temperature at t=5 s ………………………………………………………………………………………….	711
20.9. Contours of Stream Function at t=5 s …………………………………………………………………………………….	712
20.10. Contours of Liquid Fraction at t=5 s …………………………………………………………………………………….	713
21.1. Problem Schematic ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………	716
21.2. Mesh Display of the Fluidized Bed ………………………………………………………………………………………..	718
21.3. Initial Volume Fraction of Granular Phase (solids) …………………………………………………………………….	743
21.4. Plot of Mixture-Averaged Heat Transfer Coefficient in the Cell Next to the Heated Wall Versus Time …..	745
21.5. Contours of Static Pressure ………………………………………………………………………………………………….	746
21.6. Contours of Volume Fraction of Solids ……………………………………………………………………………………	747
22.1. Problem Schematic ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………	750
22.2. Velocity Magnitude on the Symmetry Plane ……………………………………………………………………………	751
22.3. Contours of Total Displacement ……………………………………………………………………………………………	763
23.1. Problem Schematic ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………	766
23.2. Steady-State Velocity Magnitude ………………………………………………………………………………………….	767
23.3. Duct with Mirroring …………………………………………………………………………………………………………..	768
23.4. Contours of Velocity Magnitude …………………………………………………………………………………………..	792
23.5. Contours of Total Displacement ……………………………………………………………………………………………	792
23.6. The Mesh of the Displaced Flap ……………………………………………………………………………………………	793
24.1. Mesh Close to the Cylinder Surface ……………………………………………………………………………………….	797
24.2. Contours of Velocity Magnitude …………………………………………………………………………………………..	797
24.3. Adjoint Observables Dialog Box …………………………………………………………………………………………..	798
24.4. Manage Adjoint Observables Dialog Box ……………………………………………………………………………….	799
24.5. Create New Observable Dialog Box ……………………………………………………………………………………….	799
24.6. Manage Observables Dialog Box ………………………………………………………………………………………….	800
24.7. Adjoint Observables Dialog Box …………………………………………………………………………………………..	801
24.8. Adjoint Solution Controls Dialog Box …………………………………………………………………………………….	802
24.9. Adjoint Residual Monitors Dialog Box ……………………………………………………………………………………	804
24.10. Run Adjoint Calculation Dialog Box ……………………………………………………………………………………..	805
24.11. Residuals for the Converged Solution ………………………………………………………………………………….	805
24.12. Adjoint Reporting Dialog Box …………………………………………………………………………………………….	806
24.13. Contours Dialog Box When Plotting Adjoint Fields …………………………………………………………………	807
24.14. Adjoint Sensitivity to Body Force X-Component Contours ……………………………………………………….	808
24.15. Vectors Dialog Box …………………………………………………………………………………………………………..	809
24.16. Shape Sensitivity Colored by Sensitivity to Mass Sources (Cell Values) ………………………………………..	810
24.17. The Design Tool Dialog Box ……………………………………………………………………………………………….	811
24.18. Morphing Region Around Cylinder ……………………………………………………………………………………..	812
24.19. The Design Tool Dialog Box Objectives Tab …………………………………………………………………………..	813
24.20. Morphing Preview of Cylinder ……………………………………………………………………………………………	819
24.21. Mesh After Deformation ……………………………………………………………………………………………………	820
25.1. Schematic of the Battery Cell Problem …………………………………………………………………………………..	824
25.2. Model Options ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….	827
25.3. Conductive Zones ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..	829
25.4. Electric Contacts ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….	830
25.5. Residual History of the Simulation ………………………………………………………………………………………..	841
25.6. Report Plot of Discharge Curve at 1 C ……………………………………………………………………………………	841
25.7. History of Maximum Temperature in the Domain …………………………………………………………………….	842
25.8. Contour Plot of Phase Potential for the Positive Electrode …………………………………………………………	844
25.9. Contour Plot of Phase Potential for the Negative Electrode ………………………………………………………..	845
25.10. Contour Plot of Temperature ……………………………………………………………………………………………..	847
25.11.Vector Plot of Current Density …………………………………………………………………………………………….	848
25.12. NTGK Model: Discharge Curves …………………………………………………………………………………………..	849

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25.13. NTGK Model: Maximum Temperature in the Domain ………………………………………………………………	850
25.14. Battery Pulse Discharge …………………………………………………………………………………………………….	851
25.15. Internal Short Circuit Region Marked for Patching ………………………………………………………………….	853
25.16.The Vector Plots of Current at the Positive Current Collectors ……………………………………………………	857
25.17.The Vector Plots of Current at the Negative Current Collectors ………………………………………………….	857
25.18. Contour Plot of Temperature ……………………………………………………………………………………………..	858
26.1. Schematic of the Battery Pack Problem ………………………………………………………………………………….	864
26.2. Model Options ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….	867
26.3. Conductive Zones ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..	869
26.4. Electric Contacts ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….	870
26.5. Residual History of the Simulation ………………………………………………………………………………………..	882
26.6. Surface Report Plot of Discharge Curve at 200W ……………………………………………………………………..	882
26.7. Volume Report Plot of Maximum Temperature in the Domain ……………………………………………………	883
26.8.Vector Plot of Current Density ………………………………………………………………………………………………	885
26.9. Contour Plot of Temperature ……………………………………………………………………………………………….	887
26.10. Ohmic Heat Generation Rate ……………………………………………………………………………………………..	888
26.11. Total Heat Generation Rate ………………………………………………………………………………………………..	889
27.1. NACA0012 Structured C-Mesh Overview and Close-Up …………………………………………………………….	891
27.2. Scaled Residuals ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..	894
27.3. Convergence of Lift and Drag Coefficients of the Rough Airfoil …………………………………………………..	894
27.4. Convective Heat Flux over the NACA0012 ………………………………………………………………………………	895
27.5. Convergence of Momentum, LWC and Average Residuals ………………………………………………………….	898
27.6. Convergence of Total Beta and Change in Total Beta Curves ………………………………………………………	898
27.7. Collection Efficiency of Monodispersed Droplets over a NACA0012 …………………………………………….	899
27.8. LWC of Monodispersed Droplets Around a NACA0012 ……………………………………………………………..	900
27.9. Collection Efficiency of Droplets with Langmuir-D Distribution over a NACA0012 ………………………….	902
27.10. LWC of Droplets with Langmuir-D Distribution Around a NACA0012 …………………………………………	902
27.11. LWC of a Langmuir D Droplet Cloud over a NACA0012 at an AoA of 4 Degrees, Showing the Shadow
Zone (Blue Region) …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..	905
27.12. Collection Efficiency of a Langmuir D Droplet Cloud on the Surface of the Airfoil at an AoA of 4 De-
grees ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..	906
27.13. Collection Efficiency of a Langmuir D Droplet Cloud on the Surface of the Airfoil at an AoA of 4 De-
grees ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..	907
27.14. Collection Efficiency on the Surface of the Airfoil at an AoA of 4 Degrees, Langmuir D Droplet Solu-
tions ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………	909
27.15. Collection Efficiency on the Surface, Langmuir D vs. Monodisperse ……………………………………………	911
27.16. Lwc Distribution and Shadow Zones for 44.4 Micron Droplets (Left) and 6.2 Micron Droplets (Right) ..	912
27.17. Mass Conservation Table Printed in the Log File of Fluent Icing …………………………………………………	914
27.18. Ice View in Viewmerical Showing Shaded + Wireframe, -25 °C …………………………………………………..	915
27.19. Ice View in Viewmerical Showing Metallic + Smooth, , -7.5 °C ……………………………………………………	916
27.20. Ice Shapes at -25, -10, and -7.5 C ………………………………………………………………………………………….	917
27.21. Film Height Variation over the Ice at -25, -10, and -7.5 C …………………………………………………………..	918
27.22. Ice View with CFD-Post, Ice Cover ………………………………………………………………………………………..	921
27.23. Ice View in CFD-Post, Ice Cover with Display Mesh ………………………………………………………………….	922
27.24. Ice View in CFD-Post, Instantaneous Ice Growth over Ice Cover Surface ………………………………………	923
27.25. 2D-Plot in CFD-Post, Clean Wall Surface and Ice Cover Surface ………………………………………………….	924
27.26. 2D-Plot in CFD-Post, Water Film Distribution …………………………………………………………………………	925
27.27. 3-Shots Ice Shape at -7.5 C …………………………………………………………………………………………………	927
27.28. Ice Shapes at -7.5 C, Obtained Using One Shot and Three Shots Computations …………………………….	928
27.29. Ice View in CFD-Post, Final Ice Shape ……………………………………………………………………………………	930
27.30. Ice View in CFD-Post, Instantaneous Ice Growth over Ice Cover Surface, Final Ice Shape …………………	931
27.31. 2D-Plot in CFD-Post, Ice Shapes of the Multishot Simulation …………………………………………………….	932

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List of Tables
1. Mini Flow Chart Symbol Descriptions ………………………………………………………………………………………..	xxii
2.1. View Manipulation Instructions ……………………………………………………………………………………………….	42
7.1. Values for the Principle Direction Vectors …………………………………………………………………………………	253
7.2. Values for the Viscous and Inertial Resistance ……………………………………………………………………………	253
12.1. Meaning of Values ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..	436
15.1. Selected Species ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….	512
15.2. Selected Site and Solid Species …………………………………………………………………………………………….	514
15.3. Reaction Parameters ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….	515
15.4. Properties of Species ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….	518
15.5. Properties of Species ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….	519
17.1. Ink Chamber Dimensions ……………………………………………………………………………………………………	598
27.1. Flight Condition Table ………………………………………………………………………………………………………..	892

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Запуск решателя ANSYS Fluent

Для запуска решателя ANSYS Fluent необходимо подключиться к вычислительному кластеру. Запуск пакета производится через очередь задач.

Внимание! Никогда не запускайте свои программы без использования очереди задач, это может повлечь сбой вычислений других пользователей.

Строка для запуска через очередь задач:

ANSYS Fluent 16

cl-run -as fluent16a -np 24 -p work test_job1 fluent.jou

ANSYS Fluent 19.2

cl-run -as fluent192a -np 36 -p quick test_job1 full3.jou

Здесь:
`-as fluent16a`	— профиль, используемый для запуска расчета.
	Возможные профили для ANSYS Fluent: ANSYS Fluent 16 с академической лицензией (-as fluent16a) ANSYS Fluent 16 с коммерческой лицензией (-as fluent16) ANSYS Fluent 19.2 с академической лицензией (-as fluent192a)
`-np 24`	— количество процессорных ядер, требуемое для решения задачи
`-p work`	— очередь задач, в которой осуществляется запуск (подробнее об очередях)
`test_job1`	— имя задачи (без пробелов), которое будет отображаться в списке задач
`fluent.jou`	— входной файл, используемый ANSYS Fluent

По окончании расчета в директории, из которой производился запуск, появится файл с именем slurm-<номер_задачи_в_slurm>.out, в котором содержится вся выходная информация, которую генерирует ANSYS.

Пример задачи для запуска:

В рабочей директории создайте папку для данных тестовой задачи:

mkdir fluent_test

Скопируйте пример файла fluent.jou и данных для расчета (файлы fluent.cas и fluent.dat) из папки /share/cae_samples/fluent в только что созданную папку:

cp /share/cae_samples/fluent/* fluent_test/

Перейдите в эту папку:

cd fluent_test

Для запуска академического расчета на 24 ядрах в быстрой очереди quick выполните:

cl-run -as fluent16a -np 24 -p quick test_job1 fluent.jou

Убедитесь, что задача добавилась в очередь:

squeue

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Запуск решателя ANSYS Fluent