Cnt 90 частотомер руководство по эксплуатации

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  Timer/Counter/Analyzer CNT-90, CNT-91 Frequency Calibrator/Analyzer CNT-91R Microwave Counter/Analyzer CNT-90XL User’s Manual…
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  Timer/Counter/Analyzer CNT-90, CNT-91 Frequency Calibrator/Analyzer CNT-91R Microwave Counter/Analyzer CNT-90XL User’s Manual Distributed by: Sie haben Fragen oder wünschen eine Beratung? Angebotsanfrage unter 07121 / 51 50 50 oder über info@datatec.de…
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  Timer/Counter/Analyzer CNT-90, CNT-91 Frequency Calibrator/Analyzer CNT-91R Microwave Counter/Analyzer CNT-90XL User’s Manual…
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  4031 600 90001 2020- 22 Edition © 2020, Pendulum Instruments…
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  4031 600 90001 2020- 22 Edition © 2020, Pendulum Instruments…
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  4031 600 90001 2017 — 20th Edition © 2017, Pendulum Instruments…

• Page 3: Table Of Contents

  Frequency Measurements ….4-3 Environmental Considerations….. 1-6 FREQ A, B……….4-3 Unpacking ……..1-7 FREQ C………… 4-4 Check List ……….1-7 CNT-90/91(R)……..4-4 Identification……….1-7 CNT-90XL ………. 4-4 Installation……….1-8 RATIO A/B, B/A, C/A, C/B ……4-4 Supply Voltage……..1-8 BURST A, B, C ………

• Page 3: Table Of Contents

  Frequency Measurements ….4-3 Environmental Considerations….. 1-6 FREQ A, B……….4-3 Unpacking ……..1-7 FREQ C………… 4-4 Check List ……….1-7 CNT-90/91(R)……..4-4 Identification……….1-7 CNT-90XL ………. 4-4 Installation……….1-8 RATIO A/B, B/A, C/A, C/B ……4-4 Supply Voltage……..1-8 BURST A, B, C ………

• Page 3: Table Of Contents

  Frequency Measurements ….4-3 Environmental Considerations….. 1-6 FREQ A, B……….4-3 Unpacking ……..1-7 FREQ C………… 4-4 Check List ……….1-7 CNT-90/91(R)……..4-4 Identification……….1-7 CNT-90XL ………. 4-4 Installation……….1-8 RATIO A/B, B/A, C/A, C/B ……4-4 Supply Voltage……..1-8 BURST A, B, C ………

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  5 Measurement Control Single A, B Back-to-Back ….4-14 Frequency A, B Back-to-Back … 4-14 About This Chapter ……..5-2 Time Measurements …… 4-15 Measurement Time ……5-2 Gate Indicator ……..5-2 Introduction ……….4-15 Single Measurements ……5-2 Triggering………. 4-15 Hold/Run &…
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  5 Measurement Control Single A, B Back-to-Back ….4-14 Frequency A, B Back-to-Back … 4-14 About This Chapter ……..5-2 Time Measurements …… 4-15 Measurement Time ……5-2 Gate Indicator ……..5-2 Introduction ……….4-15 Single Measurements ……5-2 Triggering………. 4-15 Hold/Run &…
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  Arming Examples……..5-9 Single A, B Back-to-Back ….4-14 Frequency A, B Back-to-Back … 4-14 Introduction to Arming Examples ..5-9 #1 Measuring the First Burst Pulse ..5-9 Time Measurements …… 4-15 #2 Measuring the Second Burst Introduction ……….4-15 Pulse……….
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  Power sensitivity……. 7-20 Ordering Information ……. 8-14 Power accuracy…….. 7-20 Timebase Options……..8-15 Battery Supply ……..7-21 Explanations……..8-15 Option 23/90 for CNT-90 & CNT-90XL only ……….. 7-21 CNT-90XL ……..8-16 8 Specifications Introduction……….8-17 Measurement Functions ……8-17 CNT-90 ……….8-2 Frequency A, B, C ……
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  Power sensitivity……. 7-20 Ordering Information ……. 8-14 Power accuracy…….. 7-20 Timebase Options……..8-15 Battery Supply ……..7-21 Explanations……..8-15 Option 23/90 for CNT-90 & CNT-90XL only ……….. 7-21 CNT-90XL ……..8-16 8 Specifications Introduction……….8-17 Measurement Functions ……8-17 CNT-90 ……….8-2 Frequency A, B, C ……
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  Option 23/90 for CNT-90 & CNT-90XL Timebase Options……..8-15 only ……….. 7-13 Explanations……..8-15 CNT-90XL ……..8-16 8 Specifications Introduction……….8-17 CNT-90 ……….8-2 Measurement Functions ……8-17 Introduction ……….8-3 Frequency A, B, C ……8-17 Measurement Functions……8-3 Frequency Burst A, B ……. 8-17 Frequency A, B, C…….
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  Input and Output Specifications ….8-19 Input and Output Specifications….8-35 Inputs A and B……..8-19 Inputs A and B ……..8-35 Input C……….8-20 Input C (Option 10)……8-35 Rear Panel Inputs & Outputs …. 8-20 Input C (Option 13)……8-36 Input C (Options 14 &…
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  Input and Output Specifications ….8-19 Input and Output Specifications….8-35 Inputs A and B……..8-19 Inputs A and B ……..8-35 Input C……….8-20 Input C (Option 10)……8-35 Rear Panel Inputs & Outputs …. 8-20 Input C (Option 13)……8-36 Input C (Options 14 &…
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  Explanations ……..8-25 Timebase Specifications CNT-91R ..8-45 Explanations……..8-45 CNT-91(R) ……..8-30 CNT-91R/71B……..8-46 Introduction ……….8-31 Measurement Functions……8-31 Introduction……….8-47 Frequency A, B, C……8-31 Measurement Functions ……8-47 Frequency Burst A, B, C….8-31 Frequency A, B, C ……8-47 Period A, B, C Average …..
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  Input and Output Specifications ….8-51 Inputs A and B……..8-51 Input C……….8-51 Rear Panel Inputs & Outputs …. 8-52 Auxiliary Functions……..8-52 Trigger Hold-Off…….. 8-52 External Start/Stop Arming ….8-52 Statistics……….. 8-52 Mathematics ……..8-53 Other Functions …….. 8-53 Display ……….
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  Input and Output Specifications ….8-51 Inputs A and B……..8-51 Input C……….8-51 Rear Panel Inputs & Outputs …. 8-52 Auxiliary Functions……..8-52 Trigger Hold-Off…….. 8-52 External Start/Stop Arming ….8-52 Statistics……….. 8-52 Mathematics ……..8-53 Other Functions …….. 8-53 Display ……….
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  10 Service ……10-2 Sales and Service Office 11 Appendix New Look……….11-2…

• Page 8: General Information

  GENERAL INFORMATION About this Manual This manual contains directions for use that apply to the Timer/Counter/Analyzers CNT-90 and CNT-91 as well as the Frequency Calibrator/Analyzer CNT-91R and CNT-91R/71B and the Mi- crowave Counter/Analyzer CNT-90XL. In order to simplify the references, these instruments are further referred to throughout this manual as the ‘9X’, whenever the information applies to all types.

• Page 8: General Information

  GENERAL INFORMATION About this Manual This manual contains directions for use that apply to the Timer/Counter/Analyzers CNT-90 and CNT-91 as well as the Frequency Calibrator/Analyzer CNT-91R and CNT-91R/71B and the Mi- crowave Counter/Analyzer CNT-90XL. In order to simplify the references, these instruments are further referred to throughout this manual as the ‘9X’, whenever the information applies to all types.

• Page 8: General Information

  GENERAL INFORMATION About this Manual This manual contains directions for use that apply to the Timer/Counter/Analyzers CNT-90 and CNT-91 as well as the Frequency Calibrator/Analyzer CNT-91R and CNT-91R/71B and the Mi- crowave Counter/Analyzer CNT-90XL. In order to simplify the references, these instruments are further referred to throughout this manual as the ‘9X’, whenever the information applies to all types.

• Page 9: Preparation For Use

  Chapter 1 Preparation for Use…

• Page 9: Preparation For Use

  Chapter 1 Preparation for Use…

• Page 9: Preparation For Use

  Chapter 1 Preparation for Use…

• Page 10: Preface

  CNT-91R/71B, which have a fixed ultra- instrument is the comprehensive arming stable rubidium oscillator. possibilities, which allow you to characterize —CNT-90, CNT-91(R): virtually any type of complex signal A variety of RF prescaler options with upper concerning frequency and time.

• Page 10: Preface

  CNT-91R/71B, which have a fixed ultra- instrument is the comprehensive arming stable rubidium oscillator. possibilities, which allow you to characterize —CNT-90, CNT-91(R): virtually any type of complex signal A variety of RF prescaler options with upper concerning frequency and time.

• Page 10: Preface

  CNT-91R/71B, which have a fixed ultra- instrument is the comprehensive arming stable rubidium oscillator. possibilities, which allow you to characterize —CNT-90, CNT-91(R): virtually any type of complex signal A variety of RF prescaler options with upper concerning frequency and time.

• Page 11: No Mistakes

  Preface Design Innovations In addition to the traditional measurement functions of a timer/counter, these instruments have a multitude of other State of the Art Technology functions such as phase, duty factor, rise/fall-time and peak voltage. The counter Gives Durable Use can perform all measurement functions on These counters are designed for quality and both main inputs (A &…

• Page 11: No Mistakes

  Preface Design Innovations In addition to the traditional measurement functions of a timer/counter, these instruments have a multitude of other State of the Art Technology functions such as phase, duty factor, rise/fall-time and peak voltage. The counter Gives Durable Use can perform all measurement functions on These counters are designed for quality and both main inputs (A &…

• Page 11: No Mistakes

  Preface Design Innovations In addition to the traditional measurement functions of a timer/counter, these instruments have a multitude of other State of the Art Technology functions such as phase, duty factor, rise/fall-time and peak voltage. The counter Gives Durable Use can perform all measurement functions on These counters are designed for quality and both main inputs (A &…

• Page 12: Remote Control

  + 1 clock pulse (10 ns) is reduced to 100 ps bus properties. for the CNT-90 and 50 ps for the CNT-91(R). The bus transfer rate is up to 4000 Since the measurement is synchronized with triggered measurements/s in CNT-91(R).

• Page 12: Remote Control

  + 1 clock pulse (10 ns) is reduced to 100 ps bus properties. for the CNT-90 and 50 ps for the CNT-91(R). The bus transfer rate is up to 4000 Since the measurement is synchronized with triggered measurements/s in CNT-91(R).

• Page 12: Remote Control

  + 1 clock pulse (10 ns) is reduced to 100 ps bus properties. for the CNT-90 and 50 ps for the CNT-91(R). The bus transfer rate is up to 4000 Since the measurement is synchronized with triggered measurements/s in CNT-91(R).

• Page 13: Safety

  Unpacking Safety Introduction Safety Precautions Even though we know that you are eager to All equipment that can be connected to line get going, we urge you to take a few minutes power is a potential danger to life. Handling to read through this part of the introductory restrictions imposed on such equipment chapter carefully before plugging the line…

• Page 13: Safety

  Unpacking Safety Introduction Safety Precautions Even though we know that you are eager to All equipment that can be connected to line get going, we urge you to take a few minutes power is a potential danger to life. Handling to read through this part of the introductory restrictions imposed on such equipment chapter carefully before plugging the line…

• Page 13: Safety

  Unpacking Safety Introduction Safety Precautions Even though we know that you are eager to All equipment that can be connected to line get going, we urge you to take a few minutes power is a potential danger to life. Handling to read through this part of the introductory restrictions imposed on such equipment chapter carefully before plugging the line…

• Page 14: Caution And Warning Statements

  NiCd, for instance, you should dispose o f a worn-out battery pack at an authorized recy- cling station or return it to Pendulum. Note: Individual cells cannot be replaced. USER MANUAL ● CNT 9x Series ● Rev.22 February 2020…

• Page 14: Caution And Warning Statements

  NiCd, for instance, you should dispose o f a worn-out battery pack at an authorized recy- cling station or return it to Pendulum. Note: Individual cells cannot be replaced. USER MANUAL ● CNT 9x Series ● Rev.22 February 2020…

• Page 14: Caution And Warning Statements

  NiCd, for instance, you should dispose o f a worn-out battery pack at an authorized recy- cling station or return it to Pendulum. Note: Individual cells cannot be replaced. USER MANUAL ● CNT 9x Series ● Rev.20 December 2017…

• Page 15: Environmental Considerations

  Unpacking Environmental Considerations This section provides information about the environmental impact of the product. Product End-of-Life Handling Observe the following guidelines when recycling an instrument or component: Equipment recycling Production of this equipment required the extraction and use of natural resources. The equipment may contain substances that could be harmful to the environment or human health if impropely handled at the product’s end of life.

• Page 15: Environmental Considerations

  Unpacking Environmental Considerations This section provides information about the environmental impact of the product. Product End-of-Life Handling Observe the following guidelines when recycling an instrument or component: Equipment recycling Production of this equipment required the extraction and use of natural resources. The equipment may contain substances that could be harmful to the environment or human health if impropely handled at the product’s end of life.

• Page 15: Environmental Considerations

  Unpacking Environmental Considerations This section provides information about the environmental impact of the product. Product End-of-Life Handling Observe the following guidelines when recycling an instrument or component: Equipment recycling Production of this equipment required the extraction and use of natural resources. The equipment may contain substances that could be harmful to the environment or human health if impropely handled at the product’s end of life.

• Page 16: Unpacking

  • User’s Manual incomplete or damaged, file a claim with the carrier immediately. Also notify your local • Programmer’s Handbook Pendulum sales or service organization in • Service Manual (CNT-91R/71B case repair or replacement may be required. only) Check List…

• Page 16: Unpacking

  • User’s Manual incomplete or damaged, file a claim with the carrier immediately. Also notify your local • Programmer’s Handbook Pendulum sales or service organization in • Service Manual (CNT-91R/71B case repair or replacement may be required. only) Check List…

• Page 16: Unpacking

  • User’s Manual incomplete or damaged, file a claim with the carrier immediately. Also notify your local • Programmer’s Handbook Pendulum sales or service organization in • Service Manual (CNT-91R/71B case repair or replacement may be required. only) Check List…

• Page 17: Installation

  Battery Supply The counter can be operated in any position desired. Make sure that the air flow through ■ CNT-90 & CNT-90XL only the ventilation slots at the top, and side panels is not obstructed. Leave 5 centimeters (2 It is possible to run the counter from an op- inches) of space around the counter.

• Page 17: Installation

  Battery Supply The counter can be operated in any position desired. Make sure that the air flow through ■ CNT-90 & CNT-90XL only the ventilation slots at the top, and side panels is not obstructed. Leave 5 centimeters (2 It is possible to run the counter from an op- inches) of space around the counter.

• Page 17: Installation

  Battery Supply The counter can be operated in any position desired. Make sure that the air flow through ■ CNT-90 & CNT-90XL only the ventilation slots at the top, and side panels is not obstructed. Leave 5 centimeters (2 It is possible to run the counter from an op- inches) of space around the counter.

• Page 18: Fold-Down Support

  Unpacking Fold-Down Support Capacitors inside the instrument can hold their charge even if the instrument has For bench-top use, a fold-down support is been separated from all voltage sources. available for use underneath the counter. This support can also be used as a handle to carry the instrument.

• Page 18: Fold-Down Support

  Unpacking Fold-Down Support Capacitors inside the instrument can hold their charge even if the instrument has For bench-top use, a fold-down support is been separated from all voltage sources. available for use underneath the counter. This support can also be used as a handle to carry the instrument.

• Page 18: Fold-Down Support

  Unpacking Fold-Down Support Capacitors inside the instrument can hold their charge even if the instrument has For bench-top use, a fold-down support is been separated from all voltage sources. available for use underneath the counter. This support can also be used as a handle to carry the instrument.

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  Unpacking Use a screwdriver as shown in the following ■ Assembling the Rackmount Kit illustration or a pair of pliers to remove the — Make sure the power cord is springs holding each foot, then push out the disconnected from the instrument. feet.
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  Unpacking Use a screwdriver as shown in the following ■ Assembling the Rackmount Kit illustration or a pair of pliers to remove the — Make sure the power cord is springs holding each foot, then push out the disconnected from the instrument. feet.
• Page 19
  Unpacking Use a screwdriver as shown in the following ■ Assembling the Rackmount Kit illustration or a pair of pliers to remove the — Make sure the power cord is springs holding each foot, then push out the disconnected from the instrument. feet.

• Page 20: Using The Controls

  Chapter 2 Using the Controls…

• Page 20: Using The Controls

  Chapter 2 Using the Controls…

• Page 20: Using The Controls

  Chapter 2 Using the Controls…

• Page 21: Basic Controls

  Using the Controls Basic Controls A more elaborate description of the front and survey, the purpose of which is to make you familiar with the layout of the instrument. rear panels including the user interface with its menu system follows after this See also the appendix.

• Page 21: Basic Controls

  Using the Controls Basic Controls A more elaborate description of the front and survey, the purpose of which is to make you familiar with the layout of the instrument. rear panels including the user interface with its menu system follows after this See also the appendix.

• Page 21: Basic Controls

  Using the Controls Basic Controls A more elaborate description of the front and survey, the purpose of which is to make you familiar with the layout of the instrument. rear panels including the user interface with its menu system follows after this See also the appendix.

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  Using the Controls STAT/PLOT VALUE MEAS FUNC AUTO SET CURSOR Enters one of three Enters the normal Adjusts input trigger Menu tree for CONTROL statistics numerical voltages selecting mea- The cursor position, presentation presentation mode automatically to the surement function. marked by text modes.
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  Using the Controls STAT/PLOT VALUE MEAS FUNC AUTO SET CURSOR Enters one of three Enters the normal Adjusts input trigger Menu tree for CONTROL statistics numerical voltages selecting mea- The cursor position, presentation presentation mode automatically to the surement function. marked by text modes.
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  Using the Controls STAT/PLOT VALUE MEAS FUNC AUTO SET CURSOR Enters one of three Enters the normal Adjusts input trigger Menu tree for CONTROL statistics numerical voltages selecting mea- The cursor position, presentation presentation mode automatically to the surement function. marked by text modes.

• Page 23: Secondary Controls

  OK. indicators and information boxes. RF/MICROWAVE INPUT MAIN INPUTS TRIGGER GATE INDI- CNT-90/91(R): A DICATORS CATOR The two identical DC number of optional RF coupled channels A& B prescalers are in- A pending mea-…

• Page 23: Secondary Controls

  OK. indicators and information boxes. RF/MICROWAVE INPUT MAIN INPUTS TRIGGER GATE INDI- CNT-90/91(R): A DICATORS CATOR The two identical DC number of optional RF coupled channels A& B prescalers are in- A pending mea-…

• Page 23: Secondary Controls

  OK. indicators and information boxes. RF/MICROWAVE INPUT MAIN INPUTS TRIGGER GATE INDI- CNT-90/91(R): A DICATORS CATOR The two identical DC number of optional RF coupled channels A& B prescalers are in- A pending mea-…

• Page 24: Rear Panel

  Ext. DC Connector External Reference Input GPIB Connector Part of Option 23/90 for Can be automatically selected Address set via User Options CNT-90(XL). if a signal is present and Menu. Range: 12-18 V Note the approved as timebase source, polarity.

• Page 24: Rear Panel

  Ext. DC Connector External Reference Input GPIB Connector Part of Option 23/90 for Can be automatically selected Address set via User Options CNT-90(XL). if a signal is present and Menu. Range: 12-18 V Note the approved as timebase source, polarity.

• Page 24: Rear Panel

  Ext. DC Connector External Reference Input GPIB Connector Part of Option 23/90 for Can be automatically selected Address set via User Options CNT-90(XL). if a signal is present and Menu. Range: 12-18 V Note the approved as timebase source, polarity.

• Page 25: Rear Panel (Cnt-91R/71B)

  Using the Controls Rear Panel Additional output frequencies Connectors (CNT-91R/71B) Protective Ground These connectors provide additional output Type Plate Terminal frequencies which are, from left to right, 100kHz, Indicates instrument This is where the protective 1MHz, 5MHz and 10MHz. type and serial number. ground wire is connected inside the instrument.

• Page 25: Rear Panel (Cnt-91R/71B)

  Using the Controls Rear Panel Additional output frequencies Connectors (CNT-91R/71B) Protective Ground These connectors provide additional output Type Plate Terminal frequencies which are, from left to right, 100kHz, Indicates instrument This is where the protective 1MHz, 5MHz and 10MHz. type and serial number. ground wire is connected inside the instrument.

• Page 25: Rear Panel (Cnt-91R/71B)

  Using the Controls Rear Panel Additional output frequencies Connectors (CNT-91R/71B) Protective Ground These connectors provide additional output Type Plate Terminal frequencies which are, from left to right, 100kHz, Indicates instrument This is where the protective 1MHz, 5MHz and 10MHz. type and serial number. ground wire is connected inside the instrument.

• Page 26: Description Of Keys

  CPU takes place over a serial bus. Any malfunction in the UART-con-trolled communication link will be reported in a pop-up message box on the display. ■ CNT-90(XL) w. Option 23/90 The User Interface Screens have two indica- Fig. 2-3 CNT-91(R): Select measurement tors near the upper right corner of the display.

• Page 26: Description Of Keys

  CPU takes place over a serial bus. Any malfunction in the UART-con-trolled communication link will be reported in a pop-up message box on the display. ■ CNT-90(XL) w. Option 23/90 The User Interface Screens have two indica- Fig. 2-3 CNT-91(R): Select measurement tors near the upper right corner of the display.

• Page 26: Description Of Keys

  CPU takes place over a serial bus. Any malfunction in the UART-con-trolled communication link will be reported in a pop-up message box on the display. ■ CNT-90(XL) w. Option 23/90 The User Interface Screens have two indica- Fig. 2-3 CNT-91(R): Select measurement tors near the upper right corner of the display.

• Page 27: Autoset/Preset

  Using the Controls have selected Frequency, you can then select Timebase Ref Auto • between Frequency, Frequency Ratio and • Switch off Frequency Burst. Finally you have to decide ■ Default Settings which input channel(s) to use. An even more comprehensive preset function Autoset/Preset can be performed by recalling the factory de- fault settings.

• Page 27: Autoset/Preset

  Using the Controls have selected Frequency, you can then select Timebase Ref Auto • between Frequency, Frequency Ratio and • Switch off Frequency Burst. Finally you have to decide ■ Default Settings which input channel(s) to use. An even more comprehensive preset function Autoset/Preset can be performed by recalling the factory de- fault settings.

• Page 27: Autoset/Preset

  Using the Controls have selected Frequency, you can then select Timebase Ref Auto • between Frequency, Frequency Ratio and • Switch off Frequency Burst. Finally you have to decide ■ Default Settings which input channel(s) to use. An even more comprehensive preset function Autoset/Preset can be performed by recalling the factory de- fault settings.

• Page 28: Presentation Modes

  Using the Controls Presentation Modes ■ STAT/PLOT If you want to treat a number of measurements ■ VALUE with statistical methods, this is the key to operate. There are three display modes available by toggling the key: • Numerical • Histogram •…

• Page 28: Presentation Modes

  Using the Controls Presentation Modes ■ STAT/PLOT If you want to treat a number of measurements ■ VALUE with statistical methods, this is the key to operate. There are three display modes available by toggling the key: • Numerical • Histogram •…

• Page 28: Presentation Modes

  Using the Controls Presentation Modes ■ STAT/PLOT If you want to treat a number of measurements ■ VALUE with statistical methods, this is the key to operate. There are three display modes available by toggling the key: • Numerical • Histogram •…

• Page 29: Entering Numeric Values

  Using the Controls example is the setting as part of the Trig Lvl arrow indicating the direction where settings. INPUT A (B) non-displayed values have been recorded. Whenever it is possible to enter numeric val- Trend Plot ues, the keys marked with 0-9;. (decimal point) and ±…

• Page 29: Entering Numeric Values

  Using the Controls example is the setting as part of the Trig Lvl arrow indicating the direction where settings. INPUT A (B) non-displayed values have been recorded. Whenever it is possible to enter numeric val- Trend Plot ues, the keys marked with 0-9;. (decimal point) and ±…

• Page 29: Entering Numeric Values

  Using the Controls example is the setting as part of the Trig Lvl arrow indicating the direction where settings. INPUT A (B) non-displayed values have been recorded. Whenever it is possible to enter numeric val- Trend Plot ues, the keys marked with 0-9;. (decimal point) and ±…

• Page 30
  Using the Controls • Trigger Slope: positive or negative, indicated by corresponding symbols Coupling: AC or DC • Impedance: 50  or 1 M • Attenuation: 1x or 10x • Fig. 2-11 The main settings menu. Trigger: Manual or Auto •…
• Page 30
  Using the Controls • Trigger Slope: positive or negative, indicated by corresponding symbols Coupling: AC or DC • Impedance: 50  or 1 M • Attenuation: 1x or 10x • Fig. 2-11 The main settings menu. Trigger: Manual or Auto •…
• Page 30
  Using the Controls • Trigger Slope: positive or negative, indicated by corresponding symbols Coupling: AC or DC • Impedance: 50  or 1 M • Attenuation: 1x or 10x • Fig. 2-11 The main settings menu. Trigger: Manual or Auto •…
• Page 31
  Using the Controls start. A typical use is to clean up signals gen- erated by bouncing relay contacts. Fig. 2-14 CNT-90 & CNT-90XL: Setting arming conditions. CNT-91(R): Setting arming conditions. Fig. 2-15 Arming is the general term used for the means to control the actual start/stop of a measurement.
• Page 31
  Using the Controls start. A typical use is to clean up signals gen- erated by bouncing relay contacts. Fig. 2-14 CNT-90 & CNT-90XL: Setting arming conditions. CNT-91(R): Setting arming conditions. Fig. 2-15 Arming is the general term used for the means to control the actual start/stop of a measurement.
• Page 31
  Using the Controls start. A typical use is to clean up signals gen- erated by bouncing relay contacts. Fig. 2-14 CNT-90 & CNT-90XL: Setting arming conditions. CNT-91(R): Setting arming conditions. Fig. 2-15 Arming is the general term used for the means to control the actual start/stop of a measurement.
• Page 32
  Using the Controls Statistics Fig. 2-17 Entering statistics parameters. In this menu you can do the following: • Set the number of samples used for calculation of various statistical measures. • Set the number of bins in the histogram view. •…
• Page 32
  Using the Controls Statistics Fig. 2-17 Entering statistics parameters. In this menu you can do the following: • Set the number of samples used for calculation of various statistical measures. • Set the number of bins in the histogram view. •…
• Page 32
  Using the Controls Statistics Fig. 2-17 Entering statistics parameters. In this menu you can do the following: • Set the number of samples used for calculation of various statistical measures. • Set the number of bins in the histogram view. •…
• Page 33
  Using the Controls Miscellaneous Fig. 2-22 CNT-90XL: The ‘Input C Acquisition’ Fig. 2-19 CNT-90: The ‘Misc’ submenu. submenu. Manual means that a narrow band around the manually entered center frequency is monitored for valid input signals. This mode is compulsory…
• Page 33
  Using the Controls Miscellaneous Fig. 2-22 CNT-90XL: The ‘Input C Acquisition’ Fig. 2-19 CNT-90: The ‘Misc’ submenu. submenu. Manual means that a narrow band around the manually entered center frequency is monitored for valid input signals. This mode is compulsory…
• Page 33
  Using the Controls Miscellaneous Fig. 2-22 CNT-90XL: The ‘Input C Acquisition’ Fig. 2-19 CNT-90: The ‘Misc’ submenu. submenu. Manual means that a narrow band around the manually entered center frequency is monitored for valid input signals. This mode is compulsory…
• Page 34
  Using the Controls The display tells you that the Math function is ■ Math/Limit not active, so press the key once to Math Off open the formula selection menu. Select one of the five different formulas, where K, L and M are constants that the user can set to any value.
• Page 34
  Using the Controls The display tells you that the Math function is ■ Math/Limit not active, so press the key once to Math Off open the formula selection menu. Select one of the five different formulas, where K, L and M are constants that the user can set to any value.
• Page 34
  Using the Controls The display tells you that the Math function is ■ Math/Limit not active, so press the key once to Math Off open the formula selection menu. Select one of the five different formulas, where K, L and M are constants that the user can set to any value.
• Page 35
  Fig. 2-28 CNT-90: The User Options menu. beled to make it easier for the operator to re- member the application. Fig. 2-29 CNT-90XL & CNT-90 with Option 23/90: Fig. 2-32 The memory management menu The User Options menu. after pressing Setup.
• Page 35
  Fig. 2-28 CNT-90: The User Options menu. beled to make it easier for the operator to re- member the application. Fig. 2-29 CNT-90XL & CNT-90 with Option 23/90: Fig. 2-32 The memory management menu The User Options menu. after pressing Setup.
• Page 35
  Fig. 2-28 CNT-90: The User Options menu. beled to make it easier for the operator to re- member the application. Fig. 2-29 CNT-90XL & CNT-90 with Option 23/90: Fig. 2-32 The memory management menu The User Options menu. after pressing Setup.
• Page 36
  Using the Controls Dataset Menu • Recall setup Fig. 2-34 Selecting memory position for recalling The memory management menu after Fig. 2-36 a measurement setup. pressing Dataset. This feature is available in statistics mode Select the memory position from which you want to retrieve the contents in the same way only, and if has been pressed prior to…
• Page 36
  Using the Controls Dataset Menu • Recall setup Fig. 2-34 Selecting memory position for recalling The memory management menu after Fig. 2-36 a measurement setup. pressing Dataset. This feature is available in statistics mode Select the memory position from which you want to retrieve the contents in the same way only, and if has been pressed prior to…
• Page 36
  Using the Controls Dataset Menu • Recall setup Fig. 2-34 Selecting memory position for recalling The memory management menu after Fig. 2-36 a measurement setup. pressing Dataset. This feature is available in statistics mode Select the memory position from which you want to retrieve the contents in the same way only, and if has been pressed prior to…
• Page 37
  Frequency C or Power C is selected from the menu. MEAS FUNC The CNT-90 with Option 23/90 has a single Self-test menu. Fig. 2-39 submenu called Use Battery in Standby. By toggling this softkey you can decide if the in-…
• Page 37
  Frequency C or Power C is selected from the menu. MEAS FUNC The CNT-90 with Option 23/90 has a single Self-test menu. Fig. 2-39 submenu called Use Battery in Standby. By toggling this softkey you can decide if the in-…
• Page 37
  Frequency C or Power C is selected from the menu. MEAS FUNC The CNT-90 with Option 23/90 has a single Self-test menu. Fig. 2-39 submenu called Use Battery in Standby. By toggling this softkey you can decide if the in-…
• Page 38
  Using the Controls The CNT-90XL with Option 23/90 has a • Pulse Generator activates a continuous pulse combination of the two submenus mentioned train having the parameters entered in the previous menu. above. See the figure below. • Alarm can be set to be active low or active high.
• Page 38
  Using the Controls The CNT-90XL with Option 23/90 has a • Pulse Generator activates a continuous pulse combination of the two submenus mentioned train having the parameters entered in the previous menu. above. See the figure below. • Alarm can be set to be active low or active high.
• Page 38
  Using the Controls The CNT-90XL with Option 23/90 has a • Pulse Generator activates a continuous pulse combination of the two submenus mentioned train having the parameters entered in the previous menu. above. See the figure below. • Alarm can be set to be active low or active high.

• Page 39: Default Settings

  Using the Controls Default Settings See page 2-16 to see how the following prepro- grammed settings are recalled by a few key- strokes. PARAMETER VALUE/SETTING PARAMETER VALUE/SETTING Math Constants K=1, L=0, M=1 Input A & B Limits Trigger Level AUTO Limit State Trigger Slope Limit Mode…

• Page 39: Default Settings

  Using the Controls Default Settings See page 2-16 to see how the following prepro- grammed settings are recalled by a few key- strokes. PARAMETER VALUE/SETTING PARAMETER VALUE/SETTING Math Constants K=1, L=0, M=1 Input A & B Limits Trigger Level AUTO Limit State Trigger Slope Limit Mode…

• Page 39: Default Settings

  Using the Controls Default Settings See page 2-16 to see how the following prepro- grammed settings are recalled by a few key- strokes. PARAMETER VALUE/SETTING PARAMETER VALUE/SETTING Math Constants K=1, L=0, M=1 Input A & B Limits Trigger Level AUTO Limit State Trigger Slope Limit Mode…

• Page 40
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• Page 40
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• Page 40
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• Page 41: Input Signal Conditioning

  Chapter 3 Input Signal Conditioning…

• Page 41: Input Signal Conditioning

  Chapter 3 Input Signal Conditioning…

• Page 41: Input Signal Conditioning

  Chapter 3 Input Signal Conditioning…

• Page 42: Input Amplifier

  Input Signaling Conditioning Input Amplifier The input amplifiers are used for adapting the widely varying signals in the ambient world to the measuring logic of the Input settings menu. Fig. 3-2 timer/counter. These amplifiers have many controls, and it Impedance is essential to understand how these The input impedance can be set to 1 M…

• Page 42: Input Amplifier

  Input Signaling Conditioning Input Amplifier The input amplifiers are used for adapting the widely varying signals in the ambient world to the measuring logic of the Input settings menu. Fig. 3-2 timer/counter. These amplifiers have many controls, and it Impedance is essential to understand how these The input impedance can be set to 1 M…

• Page 42: Input Amplifier

  Input Signaling Conditioning Input Amplifier The input amplifiers are used for adapting the widely varying signals in the ambient world to the measuring logic of the Input settings menu. Fig. 3-2 timer/counter. These amplifiers have many controls, and it Impedance is essential to understand how these The input impedance can be set to 1 M…

• Page 43: Coupling

  Input Signaling Conditioning else when attenuation can reduce the influence of does not occur at all because the signal ampli- noise and interference. See the section dealing tude and the hysteresis band are not centered. with these matters at the end of this chapter. NOTE: For explanation of the hysteresis band, see page 4-3.

• Page 43: Coupling

  Input Signaling Conditioning else when attenuation can reduce the influence of does not occur at all because the signal ampli- noise and interference. See the section dealing tude and the hysteresis band are not centered. with these matters at the end of this chapter. NOTE: For explanation of the hysteresis band, see page 4-3.

• Page 43: Coupling

  Input Signaling Conditioning else when attenuation can reduce the influence of does not occur at all because the signal ampli- noise and interference. See the section dealing tude and the hysteresis band are not centered. with these matters at the end of this chapter. NOTE: For explanation of the hysteresis band, see page 4-3.

• Page 44: Man/Auto

  Input Signaling Conditioning high (>2 times the input frequency) also leads ■ Digital Lowpass Filter to a stable reading. Here one noise pulse is counted for each half-cycle. The digital LP filter utilizes the Hold-Off function described below. Use an oscilloscope for verification if you are in doubt about the frequency and waveform of With trigger Hold-Off it is possible to insert a your input signal.

• Page 44: Man/Auto

  Input Signaling Conditioning high (>2 times the input frequency) also leads ■ Digital Lowpass Filter to a stable reading. Here one noise pulse is counted for each half-cycle. The digital LP filter utilizes the Hold-Off function described below. Use an oscilloscope for verification if you are in doubt about the frequency and waveform of With trigger Hold-Off it is possible to insert a your input signal.

• Page 44: Man/Auto

  Input Signaling Conditioning high (>2 times the input frequency) also leads ■ Digital Lowpass Filter to a stable reading. Here one noise pulse is counted for each half-cycle. The digital LP filter utilizes the Hold-Off function described below. Use an oscilloscope for verification if you are in doubt about the frequency and waveform of With trigger Hold-Off it is possible to insert a your input signal.

• Page 45: Trig

  Input Signaling Conditioning A blinking underscore indicates the cursor po- ■ Speed sition where the next digit will appear. The The Auto-function measures amplitude and arrow key is used for correction, i.e. LEFT calculates trigger level rapidly, but if you aim deleting the position preceding the current at higher measurement speed without having cursor position.

• Page 45: Trig

  Input Signaling Conditioning A blinking underscore indicates the cursor po- ■ Speed sition where the next digit will appear. The The Auto-function measures amplitude and arrow key is used for correction, i.e. LEFT calculates trigger level rapidly, but if you aim deleting the position preceding the current at higher measurement speed without having cursor position.

• Page 45: Trig

  Input Signaling Conditioning A blinking underscore indicates the cursor po- ■ Speed sition where the next digit will appear. The The Auto-function measures amplitude and arrow key is used for correction, i.e. LEFT calculates trigger level rapidly, but if you aim deleting the position preceding the current at higher measurement speed without having cursor position.

• Page 46: How To Reduce Or Ignore Noise And Interference

  Input Signaling Conditioning How to Reduce or To ensure reliable measuring results, the coun- ter has the following functions to reduce or Ignore Noise and eliminate the effect of noise: — 10x input attenuator Interference — Continuously variable trigger level — Continuously variable hysteresis for some Sensitive counter input circuits are of course functions…

• Page 46: How To Reduce Or Ignore Noise And Interference

  Input Signaling Conditioning How to Reduce or To ensure reliable measuring results, the coun- ter has the following functions to reduce or Ignore Noise and eliminate the effect of noise: — 10x input attenuator Interference — Continuously variable trigger level — Continuously variable hysteresis for some Sensitive counter input circuits are of course functions…

• Page 46: How To Reduce Or Ignore Noise And Interference

  Input Signaling Conditioning How to Reduce or To ensure reliable measuring results, the coun- ter has the following functions to reduce or Ignore Noise and eliminate the effect of noise: — 10x input attenuator Interference — Continuously variable trigger level — Continuously variable hysteresis for some Sensitive counter input circuits are of course functions…

• Page 47: How To Use Trigger Level Setting

  Input Signaling Conditioning In practice however, trigger errors caused by erroneous counts (Fig. 3-10 and Fig. 3-12) are much more important and require just the op- posite measures to be taken. To avoid erroneous counting caused by spuri- ous signals, you need to avoid excessive input signal amplitudes.

• Page 47: How To Use Trigger Level Setting

  Input Signaling Conditioning In practice however, trigger errors caused by erroneous counts (Fig. 3-10 and Fig. 3-12) are much more important and require just the op- posite measures to be taken. To avoid erroneous counting caused by spuri- ous signals, you need to avoid excessive input signal amplitudes.

• Page 47: How To Use Trigger Level Setting

  Input Signaling Conditioning In practice however, trigger errors caused by erroneous counts (Fig. 3-10 and Fig. 3-12) are much more important and require just the op- posite measures to be taken. To avoid erroneous counting caused by spuri- ous signals, you need to avoid excessive input signal amplitudes.

• Page 48
  Input Signaling Conditioning close to the middle of the signal leads to the and the AUTO trigger function determines the smallest trigger (timing) error since the signal trigger level once and enters it as a fixed trigger level. slope is steepest at the sine wave center, see Fig.
• Page 48
  Input Signaling Conditioning close to the middle of the signal leads to the and the AUTO trigger function determines the smallest trigger (timing) error since the signal trigger level once and enters it as a fixed trigger level. slope is steepest at the sine wave center, see Fig.
• Page 48
  Input Signaling Conditioning close to the middle of the signal leads to the and the AUTO trigger function determines the smallest trigger (timing) error since the signal trigger level once and enters it as a fixed trigger level. slope is steepest at the sine wave center, see Fig.

• Page 49: Measuring Functions

  Chapter 4 Measuring Functions…

• Page 49: Measuring Functions

  Chapter 4 Measuring Functions…

• Page 49: Measuring Functions

  Chapter 4 Measuring Functions…

• Page 50: Introduction To This Chapter

  Measuring Functions Introduction to This Chapter Selecting Function This chapter describes the different measuring functions of the counter. They See also the front panel layout on page 2-3 to have been grouped as follows: find the keys mentioned in this section together Frequency measurements with short descriptions.

• Page 50: Introduction To This Chapter

  Measuring Functions Introduction to This Chapter Selecting Function This chapter describes the different measuring functions of the counter. They See also the front panel layout on page 2-3 to have been grouped as follows: find the keys mentioned in this section together Frequency measurements with short descriptions.

• Page 50: Introduction To This Chapter

  Measuring Functions Introduction to This Chapter Selecting Function This chapter describes the different measuring functions of the counter. They See also the front panel layout on page 2-3 to have been grouped as follows: find the keys mentioned in this section together Frequency measurements with short descriptions.

• Page 51: Frequency Measurements

  Measuring Functions Frequency Measurements FREQ A, B Some of the settings made above by recalling the Default Setup can also be made by activating the key. Pressing it once AUTOSET The counter measures frequency between 0 means: Hz and 400 MHz on Input A and Input B. The —…

• Page 51: Frequency Measurements

  Measuring Functions Frequency Measurements FREQ A, B Some of the settings made above by recalling the Default Setup can also be made by activating the key. Pressing it once AUTOSET The counter measures frequency between 0 means: Hz and 400 MHz on Input A and Input B. The —…

• Page 51: Frequency Measurements

  Measuring Functions Frequency Measurements FREQ A, B Some of the settings made above by recalling the Default Setup can also be made by activating the key. Pressing it once AUTOSET The counter measures frequency between 0 means: Hz and 400 MHz on Input A and Input B. The —…

• Page 52: Freq C

  Measuring Functions FREQ C BURST A, B, C A burst signal as in Fig. 4-2 has a carrier CNT-90/91(R) wave (CW) frequency and a modulation frequency, also called the pulse repetition With an optional prescaler the counter can frequency (PRF), that switches the CW signal measure up to 3, 8, 15 or 20 GHz on Input C.

• Page 52: Freq C

  Note that the resolution calculations are very different as compared to frequency measurements. See page 8-55 for details. CNT-90/91(R) BURST A, B, C With an optional prescaler the counter can measure up to 3, 8, 15 or 20 GHz on Input C.

• Page 52: Freq C

  Note that the resolution calculations are very different as compared to frequency measurements. See page 8-55 for details. CNT-90/91(R) BURST A, B, C With an optional prescaler the counter can measure up to 3, 8, 15 or 20 GHz on Input C.

• Page 53: Burst Measurements Using Manual Presetting

  Measuring Functions without further tweaking in most cases. Some- times switching from ual trig- AUTO gering in the menus is enough to INPUT A/B get stable readings. The continually calculated trigger levels will then be fixed. Set the sync delay so that it expires Fig.

• Page 53: Burst Measurements Using Manual Presetting

  Measuring Functions — Press Always try using AUTOSET first. Then the and enter a value longer Start Delay Auto Trigger and the Auto Sync functions in than the transient part of the burst pulse. combination will give satisfactory results — Select (160/400 MHz) if Frequency Limit without further tweaking in most cases.

• Page 53: Burst Measurements Using Manual Presetting

  Measuring Functions — Press Always try using AUTOSET first. Then the and enter a value longer Start Delay Auto Trigger and the Auto Sync functions in than the transient part of the burst pulse. combination will give satisfactory results — Select (160/400 MHz) if Frequency Limit without further tweaking in most cases.

• Page 54: Frequency Modulated Signals

  Measuring Functions Frequency ■ How Does the Sync Delay Work? The sync delay works as an internal start arm- Modulated Signals ing delay: it prevents the start of a new mea- surement until the set sync delay has expired. A frequency modulated signal is a carrier See Fig.

• Page 54: Frequency Modulated Signals

  Measuring Functions Frequency ■ How Does the Sync Delay Work? The sync delay works as an internal start arm- Modulated Signals ing delay: it prevents the start of a new mea- surement until the set sync delay has expired. A frequency modulated signal is a carrier See Fig.

• Page 54: Frequency Modulated Signals

  Measuring Functions Frequency ■ How Does the Sync Delay Work? The sync delay works as an internal start arm- Modulated Signals ing delay: it prevents the start of a new mea- surement until the set sync delay has expired. A frequency modulated signal is a carrier See Fig.

• Page 55: Max

  Measuring Functions You will usually get good results with 0.1 s measuring result that is too high or too low. measurement time per sample and more than 30 samples (n  3 0). You can try out the opti- mal combination of sample size and measure- ment time for specific cases.

• Page 55: Max

  Measuring Functions You will usually get good results with 0.1 s measuring result that is too high or too low. measurement time per sample and more than 30 samples (n  3 0). You can try out the opti- mal combination of sample size and measure- ment time for specific cases.

• Page 55: Max

  Measuring Functions You will usually get good results with 0.1 s measuring result that is too high or too low. measurement time per sample and more than 30 samples (n  3 0). You can try out the opti- mal combination of sample size and measure- ment time for specific cases.

• Page 56: Errors Min F

  Measuring Functions like the burst measurements described earlier Δf in this manual. — Press and set SETTINGS  STAT No.of Carrier Wave Frequency to 1000 or more. samples — Press and select a low value. Meas Time The carrier wave (CW) is only continuously present in a narrow amplitude band in the Press and watch Δf…

• Page 56: Errors Min F

  Measuring Functions like the burst measurements described earlier Δf in this manual. — Press and set SETTINGS  STAT No.of Carrier Wave Frequency to 1000 or more. samples — Press and select a low value. Meas Time The carrier wave (CW) is only continuously present in a narrow amplitude band in the Press and watch Δf…

• Page 56: Errors Min F

  Measuring Functions like the burst measurements described earlier Δf in this manual. — Press and set SETTINGS  STAT No.of Carrier Wave Frequency to 1000 or more. samples — Press and select a low value. Meas Time The carrier wave (CW) is only continuously present in a narrow amplitude band in the Press and watch Δf…

• Page 57: Modulating Frequency

  Measuring Functions Theory of Modulating Frequency The easiest way to measure the modulating Measurement frequency is after demodulation, for instance by means of a so-called RF-detector probe Reciprocal Counting (also known as a demodulator probe, e.g. Pomona type 5815) used with AC-coupling of Simple frequency counters count the number the input channel.

• Page 57: Modulating Frequency

  Measuring Functions Theory of Modulating Frequency The easiest way to measure the modulating Measurement frequency is after demodulation, for instance by means of a so-called RF-detector probe Reciprocal Counting (also known as a demodulator probe, e.g. Pomona type 5815) used with AC-coupling of Simple frequency counters count the number the input channel.

• Page 57: Modulating Frequency

  Measuring Functions Theory of Modulating Frequency The easiest way to measure the modulating Measurement frequency is after demodulation, for instance by means of a so-called RF-detector probe Reciprocal Counting (also known as a demodulator probe, e.g. Pomona type 5815) used with AC-coupling of Simple frequency counters count the number the input channel.

• Page 58: Sample-Hold

  Measuring Functions measure the actual gate time (tg) and the When no triggering has occurred during the number of cycles (n) that occurred during this time-out, the counter will show NO SIGNAL. gate time. Measuring Speed Thereafter, the counter calculates the fre- quency according to Mr.

• Page 58: Sample-Hold

  Measuring Functions measure the actual gate time (tg) and the When no triggering has occurred during the number of cycles (n) that occurred during this time-out, the counter will show NO SIGNAL. gate time. Measuring Speed Thereafter, the counter calculates the fre- quency according to Mr.

• Page 58: Sample-Hold

  Measuring Functions measure the actual gate time (tg) and the When no triggering has occurred during the number of cycles (n) that occurred during this time-out, the counter will show NO SIGNAL. gate time. Measuring Speed Thereafter, the counter calculates the fre- quency according to Mr.

• Page 59
  Measuring Functions Function Prescaling CNT-90/91(R): Prescaling May ■ Factor Influence Measurement Time FREQ A/B (400 MHz) Prescalers do affect the minimum measure- BURST A/B (<160MHz) ment time, inasmuch as short bursts have to BURST A/B (>160MHz PERIOD A/B AVG (400 MHz)
• Page 59
  Measuring Functions Function Prescaling CNT-90/91(R): Prescaling May ■ Factor Influence Measurement Time FREQ A/B (400 MHz) Prescalers do affect the minimum measure- BURST A/B (<160MHz) ment time, inasmuch as short bursts have to BURST A/B (>160MHz PERIOD A/B AVG (400 MHz)
• Page 59
  Measuring Functions Function Prescaling CNT-90/91(R): Prescaling May ■ Factor Influence Measurement Time FREQ A/B (400 MHz) Prescalers do affect the minimum measure- BURST A/B (<160MHz) ment time, inasmuch as short bursts have to BURST A/B (>160MHz PERIOD A/B AVG (400 MHz)
• Page 60
  Measuring Functions ■ CNT-90/91(R): RF Signals ■ CNT-90XL: Microwave Conversion As mentioned before, a prescaler in the Measuring frequencies up to 20 GHz is possi- C-in-put divides the input frequency before it is ble with the top-performance prescaler option counted by the normal digital counting logic.
• Page 60
  Measuring Functions ■ CNT-90/91(R): RF Signals ■ CNT-90XL: Microwave Conversion As mentioned before, a prescaler in the Measuring frequencies up to 20 GHz is possi- C-in-put divides the input frequency before it is ble with the top-performance prescaler option counted by the normal digital counting logic.
• Page 60
  Measuring Functions ■ CNT-90/91(R): RF Signals ■ CNT-90XL: Microwave Conversion As mentioned before, a prescaler in the Measuring frequencies up to 20 GHz is possi- C-in-put divides the input frequency before it is ble with the top-performance prescaler option counted by the normal digital counting logic.

• Page 61: Period

  Measuring Functions — Preacquisition — Frequency modulation causes an unstable The purpose of this process is to find out ‘n’ value calculation. Action: increase the if there is a measurable signal present at measuring time. the input, and if so, fix the LO frequency Power measurement that gives rise to an IF signal above a cer- Another feature in this instrument is the abil-…

• Page 61: Period

  Measuring Functions — Preacquisition — Frequency modulation causes an unstable The purpose of this process is to find out ‘n’ value calculation. Action: increase the if there is a measurable signal present at measuring time. the input, and if so, fix the LO frequency Power measurement that gives rise to an IF signal above a cer- Another feature in this instrument is the abil-…

• Page 61: Period

  Measuring Functions — Preacquisition — Frequency modulation causes an unstable The purpose of this process is to find out ‘n’ value calculation. Action: increase the if there is a measurable signal present at measuring time. the input, and if so, fix the LO frequency Power measurement that gives rise to an IF signal above a cer- Another feature in this instrument is the abil-…

• Page 62: Single A, B Back-To-Back

  Measuring Functions Single A, B Back-to-Back Thus a series of consecutive frequency aver- age measurements without dead time can be made in order to fulfil the requirements for ■ CNT-91(R) only correct calculation of Allan variance or This function benefits from the basic deviation.

• Page 62: Single A, B Back-To-Back

  Measuring Functions Single A, B Back-to-Back Thus a series of consecutive frequency aver- age measurements without dead time can be made in order to fulfil the requirements for ■ CNT-91(R) only correct calculation of Allan variance or This function benefits from the basic deviation.

• Page 62: Single A, B Back-To-Back

  Measuring Functions Single A, B Back-to-Back Thus a series of consecutive frequency aver- age measurements without dead time can be made in order to fulfil the requirements for ■ CNT-91(R) only correct calculation of Allan variance or This function benefits from the basic deviation.

• Page 63: Time Measurements

  Measuring Functions Time Measurements Introduction Triggering The set trigger level and trigger slope define Measuring the time between a start and a stop the start and stop triggering. condition on two separate channels is the basis for all time interval measurements. In addition is on, the counter sets the trigger level Auto to the fundamental function…

• Page 63: Time Measurements

  Measuring Functions Time Measurements Introduction Triggering The set trigger level and trigger slope define Measuring the time between a start and a stop the start and stop triggering. condition on two separate channels is the basis for all time interval measurements. In addition is on, the counter sets the trigger level Auto to the fundamental function…

• Page 63: Time Measurements

  Measuring Functions Time Measurements Introduction Triggering The set trigger level and trigger slope define Measuring the time between a start and a stop the start and stop triggering. condition on two separate channels is the basis for all time interval measurements. In addition is on, the counter sets the trigger level Auto to the fundamental function…

• Page 64: Time Interval

  Measuring Functions CNT-91(R): Time that virtually moves the trigger points by half the hysteresis band. Interval Error (TIE) Time Interval This function can be found under the function menu and is only applicable to clock Time signals, not data signals. All time interval functions can be found under the function menu Time.

• Page 64: Time Interval

  Measuring Functions CNT-91(R): Time that virtually moves the trigger points by half the hysteresis band. Interval Error (TIE) Time Interval This function can be found under the function menu and is only applicable to clock Time signals, not data signals. All time interval functions can be found under the function menu Time.

• Page 64: Time Interval

  Measuring Functions CNT-91(R): Time that virtually moves the trigger points by half the hysteresis band. Interval Error (TIE) Time Interval This function can be found under the function menu and is only applicable to clock Time signals, not data signals. All time interval functions can be found under the function menu Time.

• Page 65: Pulse Width A/B

  Measuring Functions The counter measures the time from when the See the paragraph on Auto Trigger (page 4-19) signal passes 10 % of its amplitude to when it to find out how overshoot or ringing may 71B- fect your measurement. passes 90 % of its amplitude.

• Page 65: Pulse Width A/B

  Measuring Functions The counter measures the time from when the See the paragraph on Auto Trigger (page 4-19) signal passes 10 % of its amplitude to when it to find out how overshoot or ringing may 71B- fect your measurement. passes 90 % of its amplitude.

• Page 65: Pulse Width A/B

  Measuring Functions The counter measures the time from when the See the paragraph on Auto Trigger (page 4-19) signal passes 10 % of its amplitude to when it to find out how overshoot or ringing may 71B- fect your measurement. passes 90 % of its amplitude.

• Page 66: Measurement Errors

  Measuring Functions Overdrive and Pulse The total measurement time will be doubled compared to a single Rounding measurement, because «Duty» requires 2 measurement steps. Additional timing errors may be caused by triggering with insufficient overdrive, see Fig- ure 4-18. When triggering occurs too close to Measurement Errors the maximum voltage of a pulse, two phenom- ena may influence your measurement uncer-…

• Page 66: Measurement Errors

  Measuring Functions Overdrive and Pulse The total measurement time will be doubled compared to a single Rounding measurement, because «Duty» requires 2 measurement steps. Additional timing errors may be caused by triggering with insufficient overdrive, see Fig- ure 4-18. When triggering occurs too close to Measurement Errors the maximum voltage of a pulse, two phenom- ena may influence your measurement uncer-…

• Page 66: Measurement Errors

  Measuring Functions Overdrive and Pulse The total measurement time will be doubled compared to a single Rounding measurement, because «Duty» requires 2 measurement steps. Additional timing errors may be caused by triggering with insufficient overdrive, see Fig- ure 4-18. When triggering occurs too close to Measurement Errors the maximum voltage of a pulse, two phenom- ena may influence your measurement uncer-…

• Page 67: Auto Trigger

  Measuring Functions Auto Trigger Auto Trigger is a great help especially when you measure on unknown signals. However, overshoot and ringing may cause Auto choose slightly wrong MIN and MAX signal levels. This does not affect measurements like frequency, but transition time measurements may be affected.

• Page 67: Auto Trigger

  Measuring Functions Auto Trigger Auto Trigger is a great help especially when you measure on unknown signals. However, overshoot and ringing may cause Auto choose slightly wrong MIN and MAX signal levels. This does not affect measurements like frequency, but transition time measurements may be affected.

• Page 67: Auto Trigger

  Measuring Functions Auto Trigger Auto Trigger is a great help especially when you measure on unknown signals. However, overshoot and ringing may cause Auto choose slightly wrong MIN and MAX signal levels. This does not affect measurements like frequency, but transition time measurements may be affected.

• Page 68: Phase

  Measuring Functions Phase What is Phase? channel B are enough to calculate the result, including sign. Phase is the time difference between two sig- nals of the same frequency, expressed as an Resolution angle. Fig. 4-19 Phase delay. The traditional method to measure phase de- Fig.

• Page 68: Phase

  Measuring Functions Phase What is Phase? channel B are enough to calculate the result, including sign. Phase is the time difference between two sig- nals of the same frequency, expressed as an Resolution angle. Fig. 4-19 Phase delay. The traditional method to measure phase de- Fig.

• Page 68: Phase

  Measuring Functions Phase What is Phase? channel B are enough to calculate the result, including sign. Phase is the time difference between two sig- nals of the same frequency, expressed as an Resolution angle. Fig. 4-19 Phase delay. The traditional method to measure phase de- Fig.

• Page 69: Inaccuracies

  Measuring Functions The trigger noise error consists of start and Inaccuracies stop trigger errors that should be added. For sinusoidal input signals each error is: The inaccuracy of Phase A-B measurements depends on several external parameters: — Input signal frequency —…

• Page 69: Inaccuracies

  Measuring Functions The trigger noise error consists of start and Inaccuracies stop trigger errors that should be added. For sinusoidal input signals each error is: The inaccuracy of Phase A-B measurements depends on several external parameters: — Input signal frequency —…

• Page 69: Inaccuracies

  Measuring Functions The trigger noise error consists of start and Inaccuracies stop trigger errors that should be added. For sinusoidal input signals each error is: The inaccuracy of Phase A-B measurements depends on several external parameters: — Input signal frequency —…

• Page 70
  Measuring Functions and calculate the mean value from a number the recovery point -15 mV. This kind of tim- of samples. ing error is cancelled out by using hysteresis compensation. ■ Systematic Errors in Phase Hysteresis compensation means that the mi- Measurements crocomputer can offset the trigger level so Systematic errors consist o f 3 elements:…
• Page 70
  Measuring Functions and calculate the mean value from a number the recovery point -15 mV. This kind of tim- of samples. ing error is cancelled out by using hysteresis compensation. ■ Systematic Errors in Phase Hysteresis compensation means that the mi- Measurements crocomputer can offset the trigger level so Systematic errors consist o f 3 elements:…
• Page 70
  Measuring Functions and calculate the mean value from a number the recovery point -15 mV. This kind of tim- of samples. ing error is cancelled out by using hysteresis compensation. ■ Systematic Errors in Phase Hysteresis compensation means that the mi- Measurements crocomputer can offset the trigger level so Systematic errors consist o f 3 elements:…
• Page 71
  Measuring Functions Vpeak (A) Vpeak (B) Worst case calibration has to be repeated if the systematic error frequency or the amplitude changes. 4°+4° 8° 150 mV 150 mV 1.5 V 150 mV 0.4°+4° = 4.4° Method 2: 1.5 V 1.5V 0.4°+0.4°=0.8°…
• Page 71
  Measuring Functions Vpeak (A) Vpeak (B) Worst case calibration has to be repeated if the systematic error frequency or the amplitude changes. 4°+4° 8° 150 mV 150 mV 1.5 V 150 mV 0.4°+4° = 4.4° Method 2: 1.5 V 1.5V 0.4°+0.4°=0.8°…
• Page 71
  Measuring Functions Vpeak (A) Vpeak (B) Worst case calibration has to be repeated if the systematic error frequency or the amplitude changes. 4°+4° 8° 150 mV 150 mV 1.5 V 150 mV 0.4°+4° = 4.4° Method 2: 1.5 V 1.5V 0.4°+0.4°=0.8°…

• Page 72: Totalize [Cnt-91(R) Only]

  Measuring Functions Totalize [CNT-91(R) only] Totalize in General TOT A MAN This mode enables you to totalize (count) the functions add up the number of Totalize number of trigger events on Channel A. trigger events on the two counter inputs A Aux- iliary calculated parameters are and B.

• Page 72: Totalize [Cnt-91(R) Only]

  Measuring Functions Totalize [CNT-91(R) only] Totalize in General TOT A MAN This mode enables you to totalize (count) the functions add up the number of Totalize number of trigger events on Channel A. trigger events on the two counter inputs A Aux- iliary calculated parameters are and B.

• Page 72: Totalize [Cnt-91(R) Only]

  Measuring Functions Totalize [CNT-91(R) only] Totalize in General TOT A MAN This mode enables you to totalize (count) the functions add up the number of Totalize number of trigger events on Channel A. trigger events on the two counter inputs A Aux- iliary calculated parameters are and B.

• Page 73: Applications

  Measuring Functions TOT A-B MAN Unlike the manual functions, the Totalize armed variants resemble the other measure- ment functions inasmuch as they allow block This mode enables you to calculate the and pacing control. Consequently all the Sta- difference between trigger events on Channel tistics functions are available.

• Page 73: Applications

  Measuring Functions TOT A-B MAN Unlike the manual functions, the Totalize armed variants resemble the other measure- ment functions inasmuch as they allow block This mode enables you to calculate the and pacing control. Consequently all the Sta- difference between trigger events on Channel tistics functions are available.

• Page 73: Applications

  Measuring Functions TOT A-B MAN Unlike the manual functions, the Totalize armed variants resemble the other measure- ment functions inasmuch as they allow block This mode enables you to calculate the and pacing control. Consequently all the Sta- difference between trigger events on Channel tistics functions are available.

• Page 74
  Measuring Functions Stop Channel Stop Delay — — Select Decide if you need to insert a delay (10 ns — 2 s) during which the gate will not Stop Slope — respond to the control signal on the Select NEG (marked by a falling edge Stop Channel.
• Page 74
  Measuring Functions Stop Channel Stop Delay — — Select Decide if you need to insert a delay (10 ns — 2 s) during which the gate will not Stop Slope — respond to the control signal on the Select NEG (marked by a falling edge Stop Channel.
• Page 74
  Measuring Functions Stop Channel Stop Delay — — Select Decide if you need to insert a delay (10 ns — 2 s) during which the gate will not Stop Slope — respond to the control signal on the Select NEG (marked by a falling edge Stop Channel.

• Page 75: Voltage

  Measuring Functions Voltage , Vmin, V Press . The counter can MEAS FUNC  Volt measure the input voltage levels V and V on DC-input voltages and on repetitive signals between 1 Hz and 400 MHz. Fig. 4-21 The voltage is determined The default low frequency limit is 20 Hz but by making a series of trigger can be changed via the…

• Page 75: Voltage

  Measuring Functions Voltage , Vmin, V Press . The counter can MEAS FUNC  Volt measure the input voltage levels V and V on DC-input voltages and on repetitive signals between 1 Hz and 400 MHz. Fig. 4-21 The voltage is determined The default low frequency limit is 20 Hz but by making a series of trigger can be changed via the…

• Page 75: Voltage

  Measuring Functions Voltage , Vmin, V Press . The counter can MEAS FUNC  Volt measure the input voltage levels V and V on DC-input voltages and on repetitive signals between 1 Hz and 400 MHz. Fig. 4-21 The voltage is determined The default low frequency limit is 20 Hz but by making a series of trigger can be changed via the…

• Page 76
  Measuring Functions When the waveform (e.g. sinusoidal, triangu- lar, square) of the input signal is known, its crest factor, defined as the quotient (Q ) of the peak (V ) and RMS (V values, can be rms) used to set the constant K in the mathematical function K*X+L.
• Page 76
  Measuring Functions When the waveform (e.g. sinusoidal, triangu- lar, square) of the input signal is known, its crest factor, defined as the quotient (Q ) of the peak (V ) and RMS (V values, can be rms) used to set the constant K in the mathematical function K*X+L.
• Page 76
  Measuring Functions When the waveform (e.g. sinusoidal, triangu- lar, square) of the input signal is known, its crest factor, defined as the quotient (Q ) of the peak (V ) and RMS (V values, can be rms) used to set the constant K in the mathematical function K*X+L.

• Page 77: Pulsed Signals [Cnt-90Xl Option 28 Only]

  Pulsed Signals [CNT-90 XL option 28 only] Start Delay: internal signals may need some time to be properly NTRODUCTION established. Start delay is useful to skip initial signal transient response to make sure that measurement starts when signal is stable.

• Page 77: Pulsed Signals [Cnt-90Xl Option 28 Only]

  Measuring Functions Pulsed Signals [CNT-90 XL option 28 only] Start Delay: internal signals may need some time to be properly NTRODUCTION established. Start delay is useful to skip initial signal transient response to make sure that measurement starts when signal is stable.

• Page 77: Pulsed Signals [Cnt-90Xl Option 28 Only]

  Measuring Functions Pulsed Signals [CNT-90 XL option 28 only] Start Delay: internal signals may need some time to be properly NTRODUCTION established. Start delay is useful to skip initial signal transient response to make sure that measurement starts when signal is stable.

• Page 78
  SETTINGS  Pulsed RF  Start Delay ELECTING ULSED SETTINGS  Pulsed RF  Meas Time MEASUREMENTS SETTINGS  Pulsed RF  Sensitivity If Option 28 is installed in CNT-90XL, the Pulsed RF measurements are found by pressing the MEAS key and selecting Pulsed RF: The various Pulsed RF parameters are thereafter displayed: — Frequency in pulse — Repetition (PRI and PRF)
• Page 78
  Measuring Functions Frequency in Pulse Note: For very short pulses (nanoseconds and lower microseconds), the resolution is limited in a single shot measurement (Values mode). To improve resolution, you should switch to STAT mode and do Statistical measurements and read the Mean Frequency value. For example 100 samples average will give one additional display digit and 10000 samples will give two additional digits.
• Page 78
  Measuring Functions Frequency in Pulse Note: For very short pulses (nanoseconds and lower microseconds), the resolution is limited in a single shot measurement (Values mode). To improve resolution, you should switch to STAT mode and do Statistical measurements and read the Mean Frequency value. For example 100 samples average will give one additional display digit and 10000 samples will give two additional digits.
• Page 79
  ULSE IDTH Select Positive Pulse Width measurement via the MEAS →Pulsed RF →Width →Pos →C Set corresponding measurement settings in the following menus: — SETTINGS → Pulsed RF → Sensitivity SETTINGS →Pulsed RF →Sensitivity. SETTINGS →Misc →Input C Acq →Center frequency ULSE IDTH Select Negative Pulse Width measurement via the…
• Page 79
  Measuring Functions (this function is also available via the SETTINGS  Pulsed RF  Start Delay SETTINGS  Pulsed RF  Meas Time menu). MEAS → Repetition → PRI →C SETTINGS  Pulsed RF  Sensitivity Set corresponding masureent settings in the following menus: SETTINGS →…
• Page 79
  Measuring Functions (this function is also available via the SETTINGS  Pulsed RF  Start Delay SETTINGS  Pulsed RF  Meas Time menu). MEAS → Repetition → PRI →C SETTINGS  Pulsed RF  Sensitivity Set corresponding masureent settings in the following menus: SETTINGS →…
• Page 80
  OWER CNT-90XL option 28 is also able to measure the power within pulses by selecting the function in the appropriate menu: MEAS → Pulsed RF → Power ON → C Set corresponding measurement settings in the following menus: SETTINGS  Pulsed RF  Start Delay. SETTINGS …
• Page 80
  Measuring Functions ACTOR Select Negative duty factor measurement via the Select Pulse Repetition Frequency measurement via the MEAS → Pulsed RF → Width → Duty Factor Neg → C MEAS  Pulsed RF  Repetition  PRF  C. Set corresponding measurement settings in the following menus: Set corresponding measurement settings in the following menus: SETTINGS …
• Page 80
  Measuring Functions ACTOR Select Negative duty factor measurement via the Select Pulse Repetition Frequency measurement via the MEAS → Pulsed RF → Width → Duty Factor Neg → C MEAS  Pulsed RF  Repetition  PRF  C. Set corresponding measurement settings in the following menus: Set corresponding measurement settings in the following menus: SETTINGS …
• Page 81
  Chapter 5 Measurement Control…
• Page 81
  Chapter 5 Measurement Control…
• Page 81
  Chapter 5 Measurement Control…

• Page 82: About This Chapter

  Measurement Control About This Chapter The exceptions are Frequency Period Average. This chapter explains how you can control is not relevant for V Single Average the start and stop of measurements and what or V measurements. you can obtain by doing so. The chapter starts by explaining the keys and the Hold/Run &…

• Page 82: About This Chapter

  Measurement Control About This Chapter The exceptions are Frequency Period Average. This chapter explains how you can control is not relevant for V Single Average the start and stop of measurements and what or V measurements. you can obtain by doing so. The chapter starts by explaining the keys and the Hold/Run &…

• Page 82: About This Chapter

  Measurement Control About This Chapter The exceptions are Frequency Period Average. This chapter explains how you can control is not relevant for V Single Average the start and stop of measurements and what or V measurements. you can obtain by doing so. The chapter starts by explaining the keys and the Hold/Run &…

• Page 83: Start Arming

  Measurement Control Arming is somewhat complicated yet gives the flexibility to perform a measurement on a specific portion of a complex signal, like a frequency measurement on the color burst contained in a composite video signal. Other examples of arming can be found later in this chapter, starting on page 5-9.

• Page 83: Start Arming

  Measurement Control Arming is somewhat complicated yet gives the flexibility to perform a measurement on a specific portion of a complex signal, like a frequency measurement on the color burst contained in a composite video signal. Other examples of arming can be found later in this chapter, starting on page 5-9.

• Page 83: Start Arming

  Measurement Control Arming is somewhat complicated yet gives the flexibility to perform a measurement on a specific portion of a complex signal, like a frequency measurement on the color burst contained in a composite video signal. Other examples of arming can be found later in this chapter, starting on page 5-9.

• Page 84: Controlling Measurement Timing

  Measurement Control Controlling Measurement Timing The Measurement Process — The set measurement time has expired (ap- plies to Frequency Period Average measurements only). Basic Free-running Measurements — The input signal fulfils the stop trigger Since these counters use the reciprocal count- conditions, normally when it passes the ing technique, they always synchronize the trigger window the second time.

• Page 84: Controlling Measurement Timing

  Measurement Control Controlling Measurement Timing The Measurement Process — The set measurement time has expired (ap- plies to Frequency Period Average measurements only). Basic Free-running Measurements — The input signal fulfils the stop trigger Since these counters use the reciprocal count- conditions, normally when it passes the ing technique, they always synchronize the trigger window the second time.

• Page 84: Controlling Measurement Timing

  Measurement Control Controlling Measurement Timing The Measurement Process — The set measurement time has expired (ap- plies to Frequency Period Average measurements only). Basic Free-running Measurements — The input signal fulfils the stop trigger Since these counters use the reciprocal count- conditions, normally when it passes the ing technique, they always synchronize the trigger window the second time.

• Page 85: Measurement Time And Rates

  Measurement Control case. The best case is when the displayed A block is a collection of consecutive mea- value is 10000000. Then the quantization res- surements, the results of which are stored in olution corresponds to  0.5 LSD units. local memory for statistics or plotting pur- poses menu) or for later trans-…

• Page 85: Measurement Time And Rates

  Measurement Control case. The best case is when the displayed A block is a collection of consecutive mea- value is 10000000. Then the quantization res- surements, the results of which are stored in olution corresponds to  0.5 LSD units. local memory for statistics or plotting pur- poses menu) or for later trans-…

• Page 85: Measurement Time And Rates

  Measurement Control case. The best case is when the displayed A block is a collection of consecutive mea- value is 10000000. Then the quantization res- surements, the results of which are stored in olution corresponds to  0.5 LSD units. local memory for statistics or plotting pur- poses menu) or for later trans-…

• Page 86
  Measurement Control Arming can also be used to qualify the stop of — A selected part of a complex waveform a measurement. This is called «stop arming» as signal. opposed to the more common «start arming». Signal sources that generate complex wave forms like pulsed RF, pulse bursts, TV line When you use arming, you disable the normal signals, or sweep signals, usually also produce…
• Page 86
  Measurement Control Arming can also be used to qualify the stop of — A selected part of a complex waveform a measurement. This is called «stop arming» as signal. opposed to the more common «start arming». Signal sources that generate complex wave forms like pulsed RF, pulse bursts, TV line When you use arming, you disable the normal signals, or sweep signals, usually also produce…
• Page 86
  Measurement Control Arming can also be used to qualify the stop of — A selected part of a complex waveform a measurement. This is called «stop arming» as signal. opposed to the more common «start arming». Signal sources that generate complex wave forms like pulsed RF, pulse bursts, TV line When you use arming, you disable the normal signals, or sweep signals, usually also produce…
• Page 87
  Measurement Control — Press and adjust the settings so INPUT B that the unique trigger point can be de- tected. Normally coupling and trigger level should be preferred. — Activate start arming with or without delay on input B via the menu.
• Page 87
  Measurement Control — Press and adjust the settings so INPUT B that the unique trigger point can be de- tected. Normally coupling and trigger level should be preferred. — Activate start arming with or without delay on input B via the menu.
• Page 87
  Measurement Control — Press and adjust the settings so INPUT B that the unique trigger point can be de- tected. Normally coupling and trigger level should be preferred. — Activate start arming with or without delay on input B via the menu.
• Page 88
  Measurement Control PRESS DISPLAY RESTART HOLD? START WAIT FOR DELAY? ARMING EXT SIGNAL WAIT FOR INPUT WAIT PRESET TIME SIGNAL TO TRIGGER START OF MEASUREMENT WAIT PRESET TIME TRIGGER HOLD-OFF? WAIT FOR STOP EXT. SIGNAL ARMNG? END OF PRESET MEASURING TIME WAIT FOR INPUT SIGNAL TO TRIGGER STOP…
• Page 88
  Measurement Control PRESS DISPLAY RESTART HOLD? START WAIT FOR DELAY? ARMING EXT SIGNAL WAIT FOR INPUT WAIT PRESET TIME SIGNAL TO TRIGGER START OF MEASUREMENT WAIT PRESET TIME TRIGGER HOLD-OFF? WAIT FOR STOP EXT. SIGNAL ARMNG? END OF PRESET MEASURING TIME WAIT FOR INPUT SIGNAL TO TRIGGER STOP…
• Page 88
  Measurement Control PRESS DISPLAY RESTART HOLD? START WAIT FOR DELAY? ARMING EXT SIGNAL WAIT FOR INPUT WAIT PRESET TIME SIGNAL TO TRIGGER START OF MEASUREMENT WAIT PRESET TIME TRIGGER HOLD-OFF? WAIT FOR STOP EXT. SIGNAL ARMNG? END OF PRESET MEASURING TIME WAIT FOR INPUT SIGNAL TO TRIGGER STOP…

• Page 89: Arming Setup Time

  Measurement Control Arming Setup Time Arming Examples The arming logic needs a setup time of about Introduction to Arming 5 nanoseconds before the counter is really Examples armed; see Fig. 5-6. The following arming examples are available: #1 Measuring the first pulse in a burst #2 Measuring the second pulse in a burst #3 Measuring the time between pulse #1 and #4 in a burst…

• Page 89: Arming Setup Time

  Measurement Control Arming Setup Time Arming Examples The arming logic needs a setup time of about Introduction to Arming 5 nanoseconds before the counter is really Examples armed; see Fig. 5-6. The following arming examples are available: #1 Measuring the first pulse in a burst #2 Measuring the second pulse in a burst #3 Measuring the time between pulse #1 and #4 in a burst…

• Page 89: Arming Setup Time

  Measurement Control Arming Setup Time Arming Examples The arming logic needs a setup time of about Introduction to Arming 5 nanoseconds before the counter is really Examples armed; see Fig. 5-6. The following arming examples are available: #1 Measuring the first pulse in a burst #2 Measuring the second pulse in a burst #3 Measuring the time between pulse #1 and #4 in a burst…

• Page 90
  Measurement Control ■ B. Synchronization Using Start Arming However, the quick and simple method The SYNC signal can be directly used to arm described first does not employ arming at all the measurement. This requires that the leading but rather draws on the fact that a counter of edge of the SYNC signal occurs more than 5 this type tends to self-synchronize its internal nanoseconds before the leading edge of the…
• Page 90
  Measurement Control ■ B. Synchronization Using Start Arming However, the quick and simple method The SYNC signal can be directly used to arm described first does not employ arming at all the measurement. This requires that the leading but rather draws on the fact that a counter of edge of the SYNC signal occurs more than 5 this type tends to self-synchronize its internal nanoseconds before the leading edge of the…
• Page 90
  Measurement Control ■ B. Synchronization Using Start Arming However, the quick and simple method The SYNC signal can be directly used to arm described first does not employ arming at all the measurement. This requires that the leading but rather draws on the fact that a counter of edge of the SYNC signal occurs more than 5 this type tends to self-synchronize its internal nanoseconds before the leading edge of the…

• Page 91: Measuring The Second Burst Pulse

  Measurement Control Set the time delay to a time longer than the If the SYNC-pulse timing is not so suitable as duration of a pulse burst and shorter than the in the above measurement example, then repetition time of the pulse bursts. See Fig.

• Page 91: Measuring The Second Burst Pulse

  Measurement Control Set the time delay to a time longer than the If the SYNC-pulse timing is not so suitable as duration of a pulse burst and shorter than the in the above measurement example, then repetition time of the pulse bursts. See Fig.

• Page 91: Measuring The Second Burst Pulse

  Measurement Control Set the time delay to a time longer than the If the SYNC-pulse timing is not so suitable as duration of a pulse burst and shorter than the in the above measurement example, then repetition time of the pulse bursts. See Fig.

• Page 92: Measuring The Time Between Burst Pulse #1 And #4

  Measurement Control #3 Measuring the Time Between period starts synchronously with the start trigger event. The Hold Off time should be set Burst Pulse #1 and #4 to expire somewhere between pulse number 3 In the previous examples, the synchronization and 4, see Fig.

• Page 92: Measuring The Time Between Burst Pulse #1 And #4

  Measurement Control #3 Measuring the Time Between period starts synchronously with the start trigger event. The Hold Off time should be set Burst Pulse #1 and #4 to expire somewhere between pulse number 3 In the previous examples, the synchronization and 4, see Fig.

• Page 92: Measuring The Time Between Burst Pulse #1 And #4

  Measurement Control #3 Measuring the Time Between period starts synchronously with the start trigger event. The Hold Off time should be set Burst Pulse #1 and #4 to expire somewhere between pulse number 3 In the previous examples, the synchronization and 4, see Fig.

• Page 93: Profiling

  Measurement Control You must distinguish between two different types of measurements called free-running and repetitive sampling. ■ Free-Running Measurements Free-running measurements are performed over a longer period, e.g., to measure the sta-bility over 24 hours of oscillators, to measure initial drift of a generator during a 30-minute warm-up Using both…

• Page 93: Profiling

  Measurement Control You must distinguish between two different types of measurements called free-running and repetitive sampling. ■ Free-Running Measurements Free-running measurements are performed over a longer period, e.g., to measure the sta-bility over 24 hours of oscillators, to measure initial drift of a generator during a 30-minute warm-up Using both…

• Page 93: Profiling

  Measurement Control You must distinguish between two different types of measurements called free-running and repetitive sampling. ■ Free-Running Measurements Free-running measurements are performed over a longer period, e.g., to measure the sta-bility over 24 hours of oscillators, to measure initial drift of a generator during a 30-minute warm-up Using both…

• Page 94
  Measurement Control the time between each sample is ap- proximately 104-108 s. ■ Repetitive Sampling Profiling The measurement setup just described will not work when the profiling demands less than 4 s intervals between samples. How to do a VCO step response profiling with 100 samples during a time of 10 ms.
• Page 94
  Measurement Control the time between each sample is ap- proximately 104-108 s. ■ Repetitive Sampling Profiling The measurement setup just described will not work when the profiling demands less than 4 s intervals between samples. How to do a VCO step response profiling with 100 samples during a time of 10 ms.
• Page 94
  Measurement Control the time between each sample is ap- proximately 104-108 s. ■ Repetitive Sampling Profiling The measurement setup just described will not work when the profiling demands less than 4 s intervals between samples. How to do a VCO step response profiling with 100 samples during a time of 10 ms.

• Page 95: Process

  Chapter 6 Process…

• Page 95: Process

  Chapter 6 Process…

• Page 95: Process

  Chapter 6 Process…

• Page 96: Introduction

  Process Introduction enter the constants K, L and M and how to select the formula that best suits your need. Three different ways to process a measuring The default values of K, L and M are chosen result are available: Averaging, Mathematics so that the measurement result is not affected and Statistics.

• Page 96: Introduction

  Process Introduction enter the constants K, L and M and how to select the formula that best suits your need. Three different ways to process a measuring The default values of K, L and M are chosen result are available: Averaging, Mathematics so that the measurement result is not affected and Statistics.

• Page 96: Introduction

  Process Introduction enter the constants K, L and M and how to select the formula that best suits your need. Three different ways to process a measuring The default values of K, L and M are chosen result are available: Averaging, Mathematics so that the measurement result is not affected and Statistics.

• Page 97: Statistics

  Process By changing the constant K you can scale the result instead. Use the expression if you want the re- X/M-1 sult to be displayed as a relative deviation. It is defined as the square root of the Allan variance. The number N in the expressions above can assume any value between 2 and 2*10 Statistics…

• Page 97: Statistics

  Process By changing the constant K you can scale the result instead. Use the expression if you want the re- X/M-1 sult to be displayed as a relative deviation. It is defined as the square root of the Allan variance. The number N in the expressions above can assume any value between 2 and 2*10 Statistics…

• Page 97: Statistics

  Process By changing the constant K you can scale the result instead. Use the expression if you want the re- X/M-1 sult to be displayed as a relative deviation. It is defined as the square root of the Allan variance. The number N in the expressions above can assume any value between 2 and 2*10 Statistics…

• Page 98: Measuring Speed

  Process — Here are a few tips to speed up the Note that the six statistic measures are calculated and displayed process: simultaneously only in the non-graphic — Do not use a longer measuring time than presentation mode under STAT/PLOT. necessary for the required resolution.

• Page 98: Measuring Speed

  Process — Here are a few tips to speed up the Note that the six statistic measures are calculated and displayed process: simultaneously only in the non-graphic — Do not use a longer measuring time than presentation mode under STAT/PLOT. necessary for the required resolution.

• Page 98: Measuring Speed

  Process — Here are a few tips to speed up the Note that the six statistic measures are calculated and displayed process: simultaneously only in the non-graphic — Do not use a longer measuring time than presentation mode under STAT/PLOT. necessary for the required resolution.

• Page 99: Statistics And Mathematics

  Process vantage when you measure medium or long Confidence limits =  ks time instabilities. Here averaging works as a Where: smoothing function, eliminating the effect of = standard deviation jitter.  k = 1 for a confidence level of 68.3% (1 limits) The signal in Fig.

• Page 99: Statistics And Mathematics

  Process vantage when you measure medium or long Confidence limits =  ks time instabilities. Here averaging works as a Where: smoothing function, eliminating the effect of = standard deviation jitter.  k = 1 for a confidence level of 68.3% (1 limits) The signal in Fig.

• Page 99: Statistics And Mathematics

  Process vantage when you measure medium or long Confidence limits =  ks time instabilities. Here averaging works as a Where: smoothing function, eliminating the effect of = standard deviation jitter.  k = 1 for a confidence level of 68.3% (1 limits) The signal in Fig.

• Page 100: Limits

  Process • To improve a design, it might be necessary to No action taken. indicator is OFF. In all analyze the distribution. Such measurements as other behavior modes, the indicator is well as trend analysis can be performed by ON and non-flashing, unless the limits set in means of the built in graphic capability — tog- Limit Mode menu have been crossed.

• Page 100: Limits

  Process • To improve a design, it might be necessary to No action taken. indicator is OFF. In all analyze the distribution. Such measurements as other behavior modes, the indicator is well as trend analysis can be performed by ON and non-flashing, unless the limits set in means of the built in graphic capability — tog- Limit Mode menu have been crossed.

• Page 100: Limits

  Process • To improve a design, it might be necessary to No action taken. indicator is OFF. In all analyze the distribution. Such measurements as other behavior modes, the indicator is well as trend analysis can be performed by ON and non-flashing, unless the limits set in means of the built in graphic capability — tog- Limit Mode menu have been crossed.

• Page 101: Limits And Graphics

  Process area. Values that fall outside the display area • Above are represented by a «<«at the left edge or a «>» Results above the set lower limit will pass. A at the right edge. flashing symbol on the display reports that the measurement result has been below the The location of the bars is fixed, so the «in- lower limit at least once since the measurement…

• Page 101: Limits And Graphics

  Process area. Values that fall outside the display area • Above are represented by a «<«at the left edge or a «>» Results above the set lower limit will pass. A at the right edge. flashing symbol on the display reports that the measurement result has been below the The location of the bars is fixed, so the «in- lower limit at least once since the measurement…

• Page 101: Limits And Graphics

  Process area. Values that fall outside the display area • Above are represented by a «<«at the left edge or a «>» Results above the set lower limit will pass. A at the right edge. flashing symbol on the display reports that the measurement result has been below the The location of the bars is fixed, so the «in- lower limit at least once since the measurement…

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• Page 103: Performance Check

  Chapter 7 Performance Check…

• Page 103: Performance Check

  Chapter 7 Performance Check…

• Page 103: Performance Check

  Chapter 7 Performance Check…

• Page 104: General Information

  Performance Check General Information rather, it is concerned primarily with those parts of the instrument which are essential for determining the function of WARNING: Before turning on the in- the instrument. strument, ensure that it has been It is not necessary to remove the instrument installed in accordance with the In- cover to perform this procedure.

• Page 104: General Information

  Performance Check General Information rather, it is concerned primarily with those parts of the instrument which are essential for determining the function of WARNING: Before turning on the in- the instrument. strument, ensure that it has been It is not necessary to remove the instrument installed in accordance with the In- cover to perform this procedure.

• Page 104: General Information

  Performance Check General Information rather, it is concerned primarily with those parts of the instrument which are essential for determining the function of WARNING: Before turning on the in- the instrument. strument, ensure that it has been It is not necessary to remove the instrument installed in accordance with the In- cover to perform this procedure.

• Page 105: Front Panel Controls

  Performance Check Front Panel that something changes on the display when you press a key. Consequently you can press Controls the keys in almost any order without paying attention to the exact response, but for those who want to be more systematic there is a ta- Internal Self-Tests ble overleaf, where all keys are exercised at least once.

• Page 105: Front Panel Controls

  Performance Check Front Panel that something changes on the display when you press a key. Consequently you can press Controls the keys in almost any order without paying attention to the exact response, but for those who want to be more systematic there is a ta- Internal Self-Tests ble overleaf, where all keys are exercised at least once.

• Page 105: Front Panel Controls

  Performance Check Front Panel that something changes on the display when you press a key. Consequently you can press Controls the keys in almost any order without paying attention to the exact response, but for those who want to be more systematic there is a ta- Internal Self-Tests ble overleaf, where all keys are exercised at least once.

• Page 106
  Performance Check Key(s) Display Notes STANDBY Red standby LED On (Key common to ON) Backlight On Red standby LED Off (Key common to STANDBY) INPUT A Input A: Menu for setting Slope, Coupling, Impedance etc. Trig Trig: xy mV Menu for entering numeric values in V or mV 0.123V Trig: 0.123 V ◄…
• Page 106
  Performance Check Key(s) Display Notes STANDBY Red standby LED On (Key common to ON) Backlight On Red standby LED Off (Key common to STANDBY) INPUT A Input A: Menu for setting Slope, Coupling, Impedance etc. Trig Trig: xy mV Menu for entering numeric values in V or mV 0.123V Trig: 0.123 V ◄…
• Page 106
  Performance Check Key(s) Display Notes STANDBY Red standby LED On (Key common to ON) Backlight On Red standby LED Off (Key common to STANDBY) INPUT A Input A: Menu for setting Slope, Coupling, Impedance etc. Trig Trig: xy mV Menu for entering numeric values in V or mV 0.123V Trig: 0.123 V ◄…

• Page 107: Short Form Specification Test

  Performance Check Key(s) Display Notes MEAN: VALUE Stat parameters disappear Table 7-2 Keyboard test Short Form — Set the input impedance to 50  on the oscilloscope. Specification Test — Adjust the amplitude according to the fol- lowing table. Read the level on the oscilloscope.

• Page 107: Short Form Specification Test

  Performance Check Key(s) Display Notes MEAN: VALUE Stat parameters disappear Table 7-2 Keyboard test Short Form — Set the input impedance to 50  on the oscilloscope. Specification Test — Adjust the amplitude according to the fol- lowing table. Read the level on the oscilloscope.

• Page 107: Short Form Specification Test

  Performance Check Key(s) Display Notes MEAN: VALUE Stat parameters disappear Table 7-2 Keyboard test Short Form — Set the input impedance to 50  on the oscilloscope. Specification Test — Adjust the amplitude according to the fol- lowing table. Read the level on the oscilloscope.

• Page 108: Voltage

  Performance Check Voltage — Press EXIT/OK. — Connect a sinusoidal signal to Input A — Recall the DEFAULT settings. with an amplitude of 4.000 Vpp and a — Press MEAS FUNC  Volt  Vpp  A frequency of 100 kHz. —…

• Page 108: Voltage

  Performance Check Voltage — Press EXIT/OK. — Connect a sinusoidal signal to Input A — Recall the DEFAULT settings. with an amplitude of 4.000 Vpp and a — Press MEAS FUNC  Volt  Vpp  A frequency of 100 kHz. —…

• Page 108: Voltage

  Performance Check Voltage — Press EXIT/OK. — Connect a sinusoidal signal to Input A — Recall the DEFAULT settings. with an amplitude of 4.000 Vpp and a — Press MEAS FUNC  Volt  Vpp  A frequency of 100 kHz. —…

• Page 109: Trigger Indicators Vs. Trigger Levels

  Performance Check Trigger Indicators vs. Trigger Levels Trigger Level Trigger Indicator Pass (manually set) Input A Input B +1 V 0.0 V 0.5 V blinking Table 7-4 Trigger indicator check. NOTE: This test must be performed in the verify by pressing Check the EXIT/OK.

• Page 109: Trigger Indicators Vs. Trigger Levels

  Performance Check Trigger Indicators vs. Trigger Levels Trigger Level Trigger Indicator Pass (manually set) Input A Input B +1 V 0.0 V 0.5 V blinking Table 7-4 Trigger indicator check. NOTE: This test must be performed in the verify by pressing Check the EXIT/OK.

• Page 109: Trigger Indicators Vs. Trigger Levels

  Performance Check Trigger Indicators vs. Trigger Levels Trigger Level Trigger Indicator Pass (manually set) Input A Input B +1 V 0.0 V 0.5 V blinking Table 7-4 Trigger indicator check. NOTE: This test must be performed in the verify by pressing Check the EXIT/OK.

• Page 110: Input Controls

  Performance Check Input Controls X-tal oscillators are affected by a number of external conditions like ambient temperature — Recall the DEFAULT settings. and supply voltage. Aging is also an important factor. Therefore it is hard to give — Connect the LF synthesizer to Input A. limits for the allowed frequency deviation.

• Page 110: Input Controls

  Performance Check Input Controls X-tal oscillators are affected by a number of external conditions like ambient temperature — Recall the DEFAULT settings. and supply voltage. Aging is also an important factor. Therefore it is hard to give — Connect the LF synthesizer to Input A. limits for the allowed frequency deviation.

• Page 110: Input Controls

  Performance Check Input Controls X-tal oscillators are affected by a number of external conditions like ambient temperature — Recall the DEFAULT settings. and supply voltage. Aging is also an important factor. Therefore it is hard to give — Connect the LF synthesizer to Input A. limits for the allowed frequency deviation.

• Page 111: Resolution Test

  Performance Check Resolution Test Rear Inputs/Outputs — Connect the pulse generator to a power splitter. 10 MHz OUT — Connect one side of the power splitter to — Connect an oscilloscope to the 10 MHz Input A on the counter using a coaxial ca- output on the rear of the counter.

• Page 111: Resolution Test

  Performance Check Resolution Test Rear Inputs/Outputs — Connect the pulse generator to a power splitter. 10 MHz OUT — Connect one side of the power splitter to — Connect an oscilloscope to the 10 MHz Input A on the counter using a coaxial ca- output on the rear of the counter.

• Page 111: Resolution Test

  Performance Check Resolution Test Rear Inputs/Outputs — Connect the pulse generator to a power splitter. 10 MHz OUT — Connect one side of the power splitter to — Connect an oscilloscope to the 10 MHz Input A on the counter using a coaxial ca- output on the rear of the counter.

• Page 112: Ext Arm Input

  Performance Check EXT ARM IN Selected — Proceed from the test above. Action Display Function — Select ual trigger. RECALL DEFAULT FREQ A 10 MHz (10 dec.) — Settings for the pulse generator: FREQ B 10 MHz (10 dec.) single shot pulse, manual trigger, FREQ RATIO 1 (4 dec.) amplitude TTL = 0 — 2 V…

• Page 112: Ext Arm Input

  Performance Check EXT ARM IN Selected — Proceed from the test above. Action Display Function — Select ual trigger. RECALL DEFAULT FREQ A 10 MHz (10 dec.) — Settings for the pulse generator: FREQ B 10 MHz (10 dec.) single shot pulse, manual trigger, FREQ RATIO 1 (4 dec.) amplitude TTL = 0 — 2 V…

• Page 112: Ext Arm Input

  Performance Check EXT ARM IN Selected — Proceed from the test above. Action Display Function — Select ual trigger. RECALL DEFAULT FREQ A 10 MHz (10 dec.) — Settings for the pulse generator: FREQ B 10 MHz (10 dec.) single shot pulse, manual trigger, FREQ RATIO 1 (4 dec.) amplitude TTL = 0 — 2 V…

• Page 113: Measuring Functions

  If Trigger Hold Off time >100 ns the result is given for this test. about 100 ns + Trig Hold Off time. – The CNT-90 and the CNT-91 with – Connect the signal to Input B, select optional RF inputs as well as the…

• Page 113: Measuring Functions

  If Trigger Hold Off time >100 ns the result is given for this test. about 100 ns + Trig Hold Off time. – The CNT-90 and the CNT-91 with – Connect the signal to Input B, select optional RF inputs as well as the…

• Page 113: Measuring Functions

  If Trigger Hold Off time >100 ns the result is given for this test. about 100 ns + Trig Hold Off time. – The CNT-90 and the CNT-91 with – Connect the signal to Input B, select optional RF inputs as well as the…

• Page 114
  User’s Manual. 2500-2700 2700-3000 Sensitivity Table 7-8 RF input sensitivity, 3 GHz Option. To verify the specifications of the different Frequency Amplitude RF prescalers (CNT-90 & CNT-91) or Microwave Converters (CNT-90XL-xxG) 300-500 use the following basic test setup: 500-3000 –…
• Page 114
  User’s Manual. 2500-2700 2700-3000 Sensitivity Table 7-8 RF input sensitivity, 3 GHz Option. To verify the specifications of the different Frequency Amplitude RF prescalers (CNT-90 & CNT-91) or Microwave Converters (CNT-90XL-xxG) 300-500 use the following basic test setup: 500-3000 –…
• Page 114
  User’s Manual. 2500-2700 2700-3000 Sensitivity Table 7-8 RF input sensitivity, 3 GHz Option. To verify the specifications of the different Frequency Amplitude RF prescalers (CNT-90 & CNT-91) or Microwave Converters (CNT-90XL-xxG) 300-500 use the following basic test setup: 500-3000 –…

• Page 115: (Cnt-90Xl Only)

  Performance Check Frequency Amplitude Power (CNT-90XL only) 0.3 to 18 18 to 20 Use the same test setup as in the section 20 to 27 Sensitivity above. Make sure the generator is well calibrated, and connect it to the DUT 27 to 40 with as short a cable as possible to avoid 40 to 46²…

• Page 115: (Cnt-90Xl Only)

  Performance Check Frequency Amplitude Power (CNT-90XL only) 0.3 to 18 18 to 20 Use the same test setup as in the section 20 to 27 Sensitivity above. Make sure the generator is well calibrated, and connect it to the DUT 27 to 40 with as short a cable as possible to avoid 40 to 46²…

• Page 115: (Cnt-90Xl Only)

  Performance Check Frequency Amplitude Power (CNT-90XL only) 0.3 to 18 18 to 20 Use the same test setup as in the section 20 to 27 Sensitivity above. Make sure the generator is well calibrated, and connect it to the DUT 27 to 40 with as short a cable as possible to avoid 40 to 46²…

• Page 116: Battery Supply

  Performance Check Performance check procedure of option 28 Pulsed RF Necessary equipment: 1. RF Generator to 27or 40 GHz (depending on CNT-90XL model) with pulse modulation input and external 10 MHz Ref Freq. Input RF Generator to 27or 40 GHz (depending on CNT-90XL model) with modulation input and external 10 MHz Ref Freq.

• Page 116: Battery Supply

  Performance Check Battery Supply — Recall the default settings by pressing USER OPT  Save/Recall  Recall Setup  Default. Option 23/90 for CNT-90 & — Connect on the rear panel to 10 MHz OUT CNT-90XL only and select Input A, Freq A.

• Page 116: Battery Supply

  Performance Check Performance check procedure of option 28 Pulsed RF Necessary equipment: 1. RF Generator to 27or 40 GHz (depending on CNT-90XL model) with pulse modulation input and external 10 MHz Ref Freq. Input RF Generator to 27or 40 GHz (depending on CNT-90XL model) with modulation input and external 10 MHz Ref Freq.

• Page 117: Specifications

  Performance Check Setup the pulse generator to generate a pulse signal with Pulse repetition interval of 1ms, Pulse width = 100µs and signal level from 0 to 1 Volt Set HF generator signal to 1 GHz, — 10dBm 3. Connect a 50 ohm power splitter to the RF generator output. Connect one output of the splitter with a short (low loss) cable to the CNT-90XL.

• Page 117: Specifications

  Chapter 8 Specifications…

• Page 117: Specifications

  Performance Check Setup the pulse generator to generate a pulse signal with Pulse repetition interval of 1ms, Pulse width = 100µs and signal level from 0 to 1 Volt Set HF generator signal to 1 GHz, — 10dBm 3. Connect a 50 ohm power splitter to the RF generator output. Connect one output of the splitter with a short (low loss) cable to the CNT-90XL.

• Page 118
  Performance Check Frequency in Pulse: Accuracy without short-pulse compensation Change RF generator output level to -10 dBm The following measurements should be made, by changing the required parameters. RF generator Pulse generator Counter Frequency Tolerance Pulse Measu- Manual measured Pulse Start Sensi- Frequency…
• Page 118
  Specifications CNT-90…
• Page 118
  Performance Check Frequency in Pulse: Accuracy without short-pulse compensation Change RF generator output level to -10 dBm The following measurements should be made, by changing the required parameters. RF generator Pulse generator Counter Frequency Tolerance Pulse Measu- Manual measured Pulse Start Sensi- Frequency…

• Page 119: Introduction

  Performance Check 1. Set up the RF generator to 1 GHz and -10 dB 2. Set up the CNT-90XL counter for Freq CW measurements: “Meas Func => Frequency => Freq => C” still using manual acquisition. 3. Measure the CW mean frequency at 200 msec measuring time with N=10 samples. Note the value as the reference value F1 in table 3 below 4.

• Page 119: Introduction

  Specifications Introduction Frequency Burst A, B, C Frequency and PRF of repetitive burst signals Only values with tolerances or limits are guar- can be measured without external control sig- anteed data. Values without tolerances are in- nal and with selectable start arming delay. formative data, without guarantee.

• Page 119: Introduction

  Performance Check 1. Set up the RF generator to 1 GHz and -10 dB 2. Set up the CNT-90XL counter for Freq CW measurements: “Meas Func => Frequency => Freq => C” still using manual acquisition. 3. Measure the CW mean frequency at 200 msec measuring time with N=10 samples. Note the value as the reference value F1 in table 3 below 4.

• Page 120: Period A, B Single

  Performance Check RF generator Pulse generator Counter F1 (GHz) F2 (GHz) Frequency Tolerance measured Measu- Manual Pulse Start Sensi- +F1-F2 Frequency Power rement width delay tivity time frequency 1 GHz 1 ms 10 ns 50 ns HIGH 1 GHz ±0.15 MHz 1 GHz 1 ms 50 ns…

• Page 120: Period A, B Single

  Specifications Period A, B Single ■ Display: Range A, B: Main Parameter: Time interval 3.3 ns — 1000 s Resolution: Aux. Parameters: 100 ps None Pulse Width A, B ■ Display: Range: 2.5 ns — 10 Main Parameter: Period Input Frequency: Lp to 200 MHz Aux.

• Page 120: Period A, B Single

  Performance Check RF generator Pulse generator Counter F1 (GHz) F2 (GHz) Frequency Tolerance measured Measu- Manual Pulse Start Sensi- +F1-F2 Frequency Power rement width delay tivity time frequency 1 GHz 1 ms 10 ns 50 ns HIGH 1 GHz ±0.15 MHz 1 GHz 1 ms 50 ns…

• Page 121: Phase A Rel. B, B Rel. A

  Performance Check PRI measurements Set up Pulsed RF PRI measurement on the CNT-90XL “Meas Func=> Pulsed RF=> Repetition=> PRI =>C” The following measurements should be made, by changing the required parameters. RF generator Pulse generator Counter Pulse width Tolerance Pulse Manual measured Pulse…

• Page 121: Phase A Rel. B, B Rel. A

  Specifications Phase A Rel. B, B Rel. A Vmax, Vmin, Vp-p A, B Alternative data within parentheses refer to Range: -180° to +360° input attenuator setting x10. Resolution: 0.001° to 10 kHz 0.01° to 1 MHz 0.1° to 10 MHz 1° Range: -5 V to +5 V (-50 V to +50 V) >10 MHz Resolution can…

• Page 121: Phase A Rel. B, B Rel. A

  Performance Check PRI measurements Set up Pulsed RF PRI measurement on the CNT-90XL “Meas Func=> Pulsed RF=> Repetition=> PRI =>C” The following measurements should be made, by changing the required parameters. RF generator Pulse generator Counter Pulse width Tolerance Pulse Manual measured Pulse…

• Page 122: Timestamping A, B, C

  Performance Check Power sensitivity: RF generator Pulse generator Counter Power Tolerance Pulse measured Measu- Manual Pulse repetitio Start Sensi- Frequency Power rement width delay tivity time frequency interval 1 GHz -15 dBm 100 µs 1 ms 10 µs 80 µs HIGH 1 GHz ±2 dBm…

• Page 122: Timestamping A, B, C

  Specifications Input and Output Timestamping A, B, C This function is only accessible via GPIB or Specifications USB. No absolute time exists, timestamp values Inputs A and B only used relative time Alternative data within parentheses refer to measurements. input attenuator setting x10. Timestamps are taken of two consecutive positive edges and two consecutive Frequency Range…

• Page 122: Timestamping A, B, C

  Performance Check Power sensitivity: RF generator Pulse generator Counter Power Tolerance Pulse measured Measu- Manual Pulse repetitio Start Sensi- Frequency Power rement width delay tivity time frequency interval 1 GHz -15 dBm 100 µs 1 ms 10 µs 80 µs HIGH 1 GHz ±2 dBm…

• Page 123: Input C (Option 10)

  Performance Check Battery Supply — Recall the default settings by pressing USER OPT  Save/Recall  Recall Setup  Default. Option 23/90 for CNT-90 & — Connect on the rear panel to 10 MHz OUT CNT-90XL only and select Input A, Freq A.

• Page 123: Input C (Option 10)

  Specifications Connector: Type N female Time Meas. : (+compensation) Freq. Meas. & 70 % and 30 % of input Input C (Option 13) Per. Avg.: signal. Minimum hysteresis window if arming on A or B is Freq. Range: 300 MHz — 8 GHz activated.

• Page 123: Input C (Option 10)

  Performance Check Battery Supply — Recall the default settings by pressing USER OPT  Save/Recall  Recall Setup  Default. Option 23/90 for CNT-90 & — Connect on the rear panel to 10 MHz OUT CNT-90XL only and select Input A, Freq A.

• Page 124: Rear Panel Inputs & Outputs

  Chapter 8 Specifications…

• Page 124: Rear Panel Inputs & Outputs

  Specifications Auxiliary Functions Typical sensitivity option 14B Trigger Hold-Off Time Delay Range: 20 ns — 2 s, 10 ns resol. External Start/Stop Arming Typical Spec AM tolerance: — Up to 90% depth Modes: Start arming, stop arming, Burst start and stop arming Minimum Input Channels: Burst Length:…

• Page 124: Rear Panel Inputs & Outputs

  Chapter 8 Specifications…

• Page 125: Mathematics

  Specifications CNT-90…

• Page 125: Mathematics

  Specifications Upper limit (limit 2) limit 1 Settings: Capture & store values inside Alarm if value > limit 2 limits 1 and 2 Alarm if value < limit 1 Alarm if Capture & store values outside limit 1 < value < limit 2 limits 1 and 2 Alarm if value >…

• Page 125: Mathematics

  Specifications CNT-90…

• Page 126: Usb Interface

  Specifications Introduction Frequency Burst A, B, C Frequency and PRF of repetitive burst signals Only values with tolerances or limits are guar- can be measured without external control sig- anteed data. Values without tolerances are in- nal and with selectable start arming delay. formative data, without guarantee.

• Page 126: Usb Interface

  Specifications Agilent Continuous HP 53131/132/181 com- Yes, from LF to 250 kHz Single Period: Compatibility: mands are emulated. Code repetition rate and response format is compatible. No timing Waveform compatibility. No resolution Capture: compatibility Data Analysis Measurement data vs time Interface Func- SH1, AH1, T6, L4, SR1, Features:…

• Page 126: Usb Interface

  Specifications Introduction Frequency Burst A, B, C Frequency and PRF of repetitive burst signals Only values with tolerances or limits are guar- can be measured without external control sig- anteed data. Values without tolerances are in- nal and with selectable start arming delay. formative data, without guarantee.

• Page 127: Measurement Uncertainties

  Specifications Period A, B Single ■ Display: Range A, B: Main Parameter: Time interval 3.3 ns — 1000 s Resolution: Aux. Parameters: 100 ps None Pulse Width A, B ■ Display: Range: 2.5 ns — 10 Main Parameter: Period Input Frequency: Lp to 200 MHz Aux.

• Page 127: Measurement Uncertainties

  Specifications Measurement Timebase Error (TBE) ■ TBE is the relative error of the timebase oscil- Uncertainties lator (dimensionless) and depends on the actual oscillator used. See Timebase Options on page 8-15. Random Uncertainties (1) Total Uncertainty (2) Quantization Error (E ■…

• Page 127: Measurement Uncertainties

  Specifications Period A, B Single ■ Display: Range A, B: Main Parameter: Time interval 3.3 ns — 1000 s Resolution: Aux. Parameters: 100 ps None Pulse Width A, B ■ Display: Range: 2.5 ns — 10 Main Parameter: Period Input Frequency: Lp to 200 MHz Aux.

• Page 128: Frequency Ratio F 1 2

  Specifications Phase A Rel. B, B Rel. A Vmax, Vmin, Vp-p A, B Alternative data within parentheses refer to Range: -180° to +360° input attenuator setting x10. Resolution: 0.001° to 10 kHz 0.01° to 1 MHz 0.1° to 10 MHz 1° Range: -5 V to +5 V (-50 V to +50 V) >10 MHz Resolution can…

• Page 128: Frequency Ratio F 1 2

  Specifications Systematic Uncertainty ■ For measuring times >=200 ms and if Smart Freq = AUTO or ON: Duty Factor ■ Random Uncertainty (rms) [Hz or s] x Measurement Result or minimum: 1 ppm N = 800 /Measuring Time, however, 6 < N < ■…

• Page 128: Frequency Ratio F 1 2

  Specifications Phase A Rel. B, B Rel. A Vmax, Vmin, Vp-p A, B Alternative data within parentheses refer to Range: -180° to +360° input attenuator setting x10. Resolution: 0.001° to 10 kHz 0.01° to 1 MHz 0.1° to 10 MHz 1° Range: -5 V to +5 V (-50 V to +50 V) >10 MHz Resolution can…

• Page 129: Calibration

  Specifications Input and Output Timestamping A, B, C This function is only accessible via GPIB or Specifications USB. No absolute time exists, timestamp values Inputs A and B only used relative time Alternative data within parentheses refer to measurements. input attenuator setting x10. Timestamps are taken of two consecutive positive edges and two consecutive Frequency Range…

• Page 129: Calibration

  Specifications Calibration General Specifications Mode: Closed case, menu-con- trolled. Environmental Data Calibration Input: Password Protection: ON or OFF Class: MIL-PRF-28800F, Class 3 Input Frequen- Operat. Temp: 0 °C to +50 °C cies used for TB Storage Temp: -40 °C to +71 °C 1.0, 1.544, 2.048, 5.0 or Calibration: Humidity:…

• Page 129: Calibration

  Specifications Input and Output Timestamping A, B, C This function is only accessible via GPIB or Specifications USB. No absolute time exists, timestamp values Inputs A and B only used relative time Alternative data within parentheses refer to measurements. input attenuator setting x10. Timestamps are taken of two consecutive positive edges and two consecutive Frequency Range…

• Page 130: Dimensions & Weight

  Specifications Connector: Type N female Time Meas. : (+compensation) Freq. Meas. & 70 % and 30 % of input Input C (Option 13) Per. Avg.: signal. Minimum hysteresis window if arming on A or B is Freq. Range: 300 MHz — 8 GHz activated.

• Page 130: Dimensions & Weight

  Option 27H: Heavy-duty hard transport Weight: Net 2.7 kg (5.8 lb) case Shipping 3.5 kg (7.5 lb) Option 29/90: TimeView for CNT-90, modulation domain analysis Option 90/01: Cal. certificate w. protocol; Ordering standard oscillator Option 90/06: Cal. certificate w. protocol;…

• Page 130: Dimensions & Weight

  Specifications Connector: Type N female Time Meas. : (+compensation) Freq. Meas. & 70 % and 30 % of input Input C (Option 13) Per. Avg.: signal. Minimum hysteresis window if arming on A or B is Freq. Range: 300 MHz — 8 GHz activated.

• Page 131: Timebase Options

  Specifications Auxiliary Functions Typical sensitivity option 14B Trigger Hold-Off Time Delay Range: 20 ns — 2 s, 10 ns resol. External Start/Stop Arming Typical Spec AM tolerance: — Up to 90% depth Modes: Start arming, stop arming, Burst start and stop arming Minimum Input Channels: Burst Length:…

• Page 131: Timebase Options

  Specifications Timebase Options Product Family ‘9X’ Option Standard Option 19/90 Option 30/90 Option 40/90 Timebase Type UCXO OCXO OCXO OCXO Uncertainty due to: -Calibration adjustment tolerance @ +23 °C ± 3°C <1×10 <5×10 <1×10 <3×10 -Aging per 24 h <5×10 <5×10 <3×10 per month…

• Page 131: Timebase Options

  Specifications Auxiliary Functions Typical sensitivity option 14B Trigger Hold-Off Time Delay Range: 20 ns — 2 s, 10 ns resol. External Start/Stop Arming Typical Spec AM tolerance: — Up to 90% depth Modes: Start arming, stop arming, Burst start and stop arming Minimum Input Channels: Burst Length:…

• Page 132: Cnt-90Xl

  Specifications Upper limit (limit 2) limit 1 Settings: Capture & store values inside Alarm if value > limit 2 limits 1 and 2 Alarm if value < limit 1 Alarm if Capture & store values outside limit 1 < value < limit 2 limits 1 and 2 Alarm if value >…

• Page 132: Cnt-90Xl

  Specifications CNT-90XL 8-16 USER MANUAL ● CNT 9x Series ● Rev.20 December 2017…

• Page 132: Cnt-90Xl

  Specifications Upper limit (limit 2) limit 1 Settings: Capture & store values inside Alarm if value > limit 2 limits 1 and 2 Alarm if value < limit 1 Alarm if Capture & store values outside limit 1 < value < limit 2 limits 1 and 2 Alarm if value >…

• Page 133: Introduction

  Specifications Agilent Continuous HP 53131/132/181 com- Yes, from LF to 250 kHz Single Period: Compatibility: mands are emulated. Code repetition rate and response format is compatible. No timing Waveform compatibility. No resolution Capture: compatibility Data Analysis Measurement data vs time Interface Func- SH1, AH1, T6, L4, SR1, Features:…

• Page 133: Introduction

  Specifications Introduction ■ Display: Only values with tolerances or limits are Main Parameter: Frequency in burst guaranteed data. Values without tolerances are Aux. Parameters: PRF & number of cycles in informative data, without guarantee. burst (Ch A or Ch B only) Period A, B, C Average Measurement ■…

• Page 133: Introduction

  Specifications Agilent Continuous HP 53131/132/181 com- Yes, from LF to 250 kHz Single Period: Compatibility: mands are emulated. Code repetition rate and response format is compatible. No timing Waveform compatibility. No resolution Capture: compatibility Data Analysis Measurement data vs time Interface Func- SH1, AH1, T6, L4, SR1, Features:…

• Page 134: Pulse Width A, B

  Specifications Measurement Timebase Error (TBE) ■ TBE is the relative error of the timebase oscil- Uncertainties lator (dimensionless) and depends on the actual oscillator used. See Timebase Options on page 8-15. Random Uncertainties (1) Total Uncertainty (2) Quantization Error (E ■…

• Page 134: Pulse Width A, B

  Specifications Vmax, Vmin, Vp-p A, B ■ Display: Alternative data within parentheses refer to Main Parameter: Time interval input attenuator setting x10. Aux. Parameters: None Range: -5 V to +5 V Pulse Width A, B (-50 V to +50 V) 2.5 ns — 10 Range: DC, 1Hz — 300 MHz,…

• Page 134: Pulse Width A, B

  Specifications Measurement Timebase Error (TBE) ■ TBE is the relative error of the timebase oscil- Uncertainties lator (dimensionless) and depends on the actual oscillator used. See Timebase Options on page 8-15. Random Uncertainties (1) Total Uncertainty (2) Quantization Error (E ■…

• Page 135: Pulsed Rf Parameters Input C

  Specifications Systematic Uncertainty ■ For measuring times >=200 ms and if Smart Freq = AUTO or ON: Duty Factor ■ Random Uncertainty (rms) [Hz or s] x Measurement Result or minimum: 1 ppm N = 800 /Measuring Time, however, 6 < N < ■…

• Page 135: Pulsed Rf Parameters Input C

  Specifications Pulsed RF parameters input C in frequency measurements, an auto trigger at 50 % of Vp p with minimum hysteresis incl. hysteresis (Option 28 only) compensation in time measurements, an auto find of burst length and auto sync for frequency burst measurements, etc. Frequency range: 0.3 to 27/40/46/60 GHz NOTE: The frequency range for inputs A &…

• Page 135: Pulsed Rf Parameters Input C

  Specifications Systematic Uncertainty ■ For measuring times >=200 ms and if Smart Freq = AUTO or ON: Duty Factor ■ Random Uncertainty (rms) [Hz or s] x Measurement Result or minimum: 1 ppm N = 800 /Measuring Time, however, 6 < N < ■…

• Page 136
  Specifications Calibration General Specifications Mode: Closed case, menu-con- trolled. Environmental Data Calibration Input: Password Protection: ON or OFF Class: MIL-PRF-28800F, Class 3 Input Frequen- Operat. Temp: 0 °C to +50 °C cies used for TB Storage Temp: -40 °C to +71 °C 1.0, 1.544, 2.048, 5.0 or Calibration: Humidity:…
• Page 136
  Specifications Auxiliary Functions Input C Freq. Range: 0.3 — 27 GHz (-27G) Trigger Hold-Off 0.3 — 40 GHz (-40G) 0.3 — 46 GHz (-46G) Time Delay 0.3 — 60 GHz (-60G) Range: 20 ns — 2 s, 10 ns resol. Operating Input External Start/Stop Arming Power Range…
• Page 136
  Specifications Calibration General Specifications Mode: Closed case, menu-con- trolled. Environmental Data Calibration Input: Password Protection: ON or OFF Class: MIL-PRF-28800F, Class 3 Input Frequen- Operat. Temp: 0 °C to +50 °C cies used for TB Storage Temp: -40 °C to +71 °C 1.0, 1.544, 2.048, 5.0 or Calibration: Humidity:…
• Page 137
  Option 27H: Heavy-duty hard transport Weight: Net 2.7 kg (5.8 lb) case Shipping 3.5 kg (7.5 lb) Option 29/90: TimeView for CNT-90, modulation domain analysis Option 90/01: Cal. certificate w. protocol; Ordering standard oscillator Option 90/06: Cal. certificate w. protocol;…
• Page 137
  Specifications USB Interface Timebase Reference: Internal, external or automatic Version: 2.0, 12 Mb/s Protocol: USBTMC-USB488 Display Hold: Freezes meas. result until a new measurement is initiated TimeView™ via Restart. Digit Blanking: Removes (blanks) 1 to 13 This software package is intended for advanced digits from the calculated result Modulation Domain analysis and runs on any before displaying it.
• Page 137
  Option 27H: Heavy-duty hard transport Weight: Net 2.7 kg (5.8 lb) case Shipping 3.5 kg (7.5 lb) Option 29/90: TimeView for CNT-90, modulation domain analysis Option 90/01: Cal. certificate w. protocol; Ordering standard oscillator Option 90/06: Cal. certificate w. protocol;…

• Page 138: Measurement Uncertainties

  Specifications Timebase Options Product Family ‘9X’ Option Standard Option 19/90 Option 30/90 Option 40/90 Timebase Type UCXO OCXO OCXO OCXO Uncertainty due to: -Calibration adjustment tolerance @ +23 °C ± 3°C <1×10 <5×10 <1×10 <3×10 -Aging per 24 h <5×10 <5×10 <3×10 per month…

• Page 138: Measurement Uncertainties

  Specifications Measurement Uncertainties where: = trigger level timing error 500 ps = maximum channel difference Random Uncertainties (1) TBE = timebase error TIME = measurement result ■ Quantization Error (E Frequency & Period A, B = 100 ps rms ■ Random Uncertainty (rms) ■…

• Page 138: Measurement Uncertainties

  Specifications Timebase Options Product Family ‘9X’ Option Standard Option 19/90 Option 30/90 Option 40/90 Timebase Type UCXO OCXO OCXO OCXO Uncertainty due to: -Calibration adjustment tolerance @ +23 °C ± 3°C <1×10 <5×10 <1×10 <3×10 -Aging per 24 h <5×10 <5×10 <3×10 per month…

• Page 139
  Specifications CNT-90XL 8-16 USER MANUAL ● CNT 9x Series ● Rev.22 February 2020…
• Page 139
  Specifications Duty Factor Frequency Ratio f or f ■ Typical Random Uncertainty Random Uncertainty (rms) ■ (rms) NOTE: Frequency Ratio is an auxiliary measurement function, intended to give an or minimum: 1 ppm indication, with guaranteed specification. ■ Systematic Uncertainty [dimensionless, e.g.
• Page 139
  Specifications CNT-90XL 8-16 USER MANUAL ● CNT 9x Series ● Rev.22 February 2020…
• Page 140
  Specifications Introduction ■ Display: Only values with tolerances or limits are Main Parameter: Frequency in burst guaranteed data. Values without tolerances are Aux. Parameters: PRF & number of cycles in informative data, without guarantee. burst (Ch A or Ch B only) Period A, B, C Average Measurement ■…
• Page 140
  Specifications General Ordering Specifications Information Basic Model Environmental Data CNT-90XL-27G 40G46G60G: 27 /40 /46 /60 GHz MIL-PRF-28800F, Class 3 Class: Microwave Frequency 0 °C to +50 °C Operat. Temp: Counter/Analyzer including -40 °C to +71 °C Storage Temp: medium stability OCXO 5-95 % @ 10-30 °C Humidity: timebase…
• Page 140
  Specifications Introduction ■ Display: Only values with tolerances or limits are Main Parameter: Frequency in burst guaranteed data. Values without tolerances are Aux. Parameters: PRF & number of cycles in informative data, without guarantee. burst (Ch A or Ch B only) Period A, B, C Average Measurement ■…
• Page 141
  Specifications Vmax, Vmin, Vp-p A, B ■ Display: Alternative data within parentheses refer to Main Parameter: Time interval input attenuator setting x10. Aux. Parameters: None Range: -5 V to +5 V Pulse Width A, B (-50 V to +50 V) 2.5 ns — 10 Range: DC, 1Hz — 300 MHz,…
• Page 141
  Specifications Timebase Options Product Family Option Option 19/90 Option 30/90 Option 40/90 Timebase Type OCXO OCXO OCXO Uncertainty due to: -Calibration adjustment tolerance <5×10 <1×10 <3×10 @ +23 °C ± 3 ° C -Aging per 24 h <5×10 <3×10 <5×10 per month <1×10 <3×10…
• Page 141
  Specifications Vmax, Vmin, Vp-p A, B ■ Display: Alternative data within parentheses refer to Main Parameter: Time interval input attenuator setting x10. Aux. Parameters: None Range: -5 V to +5 V Pulse Width A, B (-50 V to +50 V) 2.5 ns — 10 Range: DC, 1Hz — 300 MHz,…

• Page 142: Cnt-91(R)

  Specifications Pulsed RF parameters input C in frequency measurements, an auto trigger at 50 % of Vp p with minimum hysteresis incl. hysteresis (Option 28 only) compensation in time measurements, an auto find of burst length and auto sync for frequency burst measurements, etc. Frequency range: 0.3 to 27/40/46/60 GHz NOTE: The frequency range for inputs A &…

• Page 142: Cnt-91(R)

  Specifications CNT-91(R) 8-30 USER MANUAL ● CNT 9x Series ● Rev.20 December 2017…

• Page 142: Cnt-91(R)

  Specifications Pulsed RF parameters input C in frequency measurements, an auto trigger at 50 % of Vp p with minimum hysteresis incl. hysteresis (Option 28 only) compensation in time measurements, an auto find of burst length and auto sync for frequency burst measurements, etc. Frequency range: 0.3 to 27/40/46/60 GHz NOTE: The frequency range for inputs A &…

• Page 143
  Specifications Auxiliary Functions Input C Freq. Range: 0.3 — 27 GHz (-27G) Trigger Hold-Off 0.3 — 40 GHz (-40G) 0.3 — 46 GHz (-46G) Time Delay 0.3 — 60 GHz (-60G) Range: 20 ns — 2 s, 10 ns resol. Operating Input External Start/Stop Arming Power Range…
• Page 143
  Specifications Introduction Frequency Burst A, B, C Frequency and PRF of repetitive burst Only values with tolerances or limits are signals can be measured without external guaranteed data. Values without tolerances control signal and with selectable start are informative data, without guarantee. arming delay.
• Page 143
  Specifications Auxiliary Functions Input C Freq. Range: 0.3 — 27 GHz (-27G) Trigger Hold-Off 0.3 — 40 GHz (-40G) 0.3 — 46 GHz (-46G) Time Delay 0.3 — 60 GHz (-60G) Range: 20 ns — 2 s, 10 ns resol. Operating Input External Start/Stop Arming Power Range…

• Page 144: Period A, B Back-To-Back

  Specifications USB Interface Timebase Reference: Internal, external or automatic Version: 2.0, 12 Mb/s Protocol: USBTMC-USB488 Display Hold: Freezes meas. result until a new measurement is initiated TimeView™ via Restart. Digit Blanking: Removes (blanks) 1 to 13 This software package is intended for advanced digits from the calculated result Modulation Domain analysis and runs on any before displaying it.

• Page 144: Period A, B Back-To-Back

  Specifications stamps (2 consecutive Trig A Period A, B Single plus 2 consecutive Trig B) to determine sign (A before B or A Range A, B: 3.3 ns — 1000 s after B) Resolution: 50 ps rms typical ■ Display: ■…

• Page 144: Period A, B Back-To-Back

  Specifications USB Interface Timebase Reference: Internal, external or automatic Version: 2.0, 12 Mb/s Protocol: USBTMC-USB488 Display Hold: Freezes meas. result until a new measurement is initiated TimeView™ via Restart. Digit Blanking: Removes (blanks) 1 to 13 This software package is intended for advanced digits from the calculated result Modulation Domain analysis and runs on any before displaying it.

• Page 145: Time Interval Error (Tie) A, B

  Specifications Measurement Uncertainties where: = trigger level timing error 500 ps = maximum channel difference Random Uncertainties (1) TBE = timebase error TIME = measurement result ■ Quantization Error (E Frequency & Period A, B = 100 ps rms ■ Random Uncertainty (rms) ■…

• Page 145: Time Interval Error (Tie) A, B

  Specifications Time Interval Error (TIE) A, B ■ Display: Normalized Period Back-to-Back measurements, Main Parameter: Phase calculated as: Aux. Parameters: Freq (prim. channel), V (in dB), based on peak-to-peak meas. Ti = individual period back-to-back and TREF = reference period value. Duty Factor A, B Range: ±1×10…

• Page 145: Time Interval Error (Tie) A, B

  Specifications Measurement Uncertainties where: = trigger level timing error 500 ps = maximum channel difference Random Uncertainties (1) TBE = timebase error TIME = measurement result ■ Quantization Error (E Frequency & Period A, B = 100 ps rms ■ Random Uncertainty (rms) ■…

• Page 146: Timestamping A, B

  Specifications Duty Factor Frequency Ratio f or f ■ Typical Random Uncertainty Random Uncertainty (rms) ■ (rms) NOTE: Frequency Ratio is an auxiliary measurement function, intended to give an or minimum: 1 ppm indication, with guaranteed specification. ■ Systematic Uncertainty [dimensionless, e.g.

• Page 146: Timestamping A, B

  Specifications NOTE: MANUAL controlled by front panel push Input Frequency: DC, 1 H z — 300 MHz, button HOLD/RUN. Statistics and pac- 100 Hz — 300 MHz default ing inhibited. (higher LF limit means higher GATED, START/STOP and TIMED meas. speed) controlled by setting arming conditions on the free input channels.

• Page 146: Timestamping A, B

  Specifications Duty Factor Frequency Ratio f or f ■ Typical Random Uncertainty Random Uncertainty (rms) ■ (rms) NOTE: Frequency Ratio is an auxiliary measurement function, intended to give an or minimum: 1 ppm indication, with guaranteed specification. ■ Systematic Uncertainty [dimensionless, e.g.

• Page 147: Input And Output Specifications

  Specifications General Ordering Specifications Information Basic Model Environmental Data CNT-90XL-27G 40G46G60G: 27 /40 /46 /60 GHz MIL-PRF-28800F, Class 3 Class: Microwave Frequency 0 °C to +50 °C Operat. Temp: Counter/Analyzer including -40 °C to +71 °C Storage Temp: medium stability OCXO 5-95 % @ 10-30 °C Humidity: timebase…

• Page 147: Input And Output Specifications

  Specifications Input and Output Relative level (in %) manually adjustable when necessary. Specifications Auto Hysteresis Time Meas. : Minimum hysteresis window Inputs A and B (+compensation) Alternative data within parentheses refer to Freq. Meas. & Per. Avg.: input attenuator setting x10. 70 % and 30 % of input signal.

• Page 147: Input And Output Specifications

  Specifications General Ordering Specifications Information Basic Model Environmental Data CNT-90XL-27G 40G46G60G: 27 /40 /46 /60 GHz MIL-PRF-28800F, Class 3 Class: Microwave Frequency 0 °C to +50 °C Operat. Temp: Counter/Analyzer including -40 °C to +71 °C Storage Temp: medium stability OCXO 5-95 % @ 10-30 °C Humidity: timebase…

• Page 148: Input C

  Specifications Timebase Options Product Family Option Option 19/90 Option 30/90 Option 40/90 Timebase Type OCXO OCXO OCXO Uncertainty due to: -Calibration adjustment tolerance <5×10 <1×10 <3×10 @ +23 °C ± 3 ° C -Aging per 24 h <5×10 <3×10 <5×10 per month <1×10 <3×10…

• Page 148: Input C

  Specifications Amplitude Input C (Options 14 & 14B) Modulation DC — 0.1 MHz Freq. Range: 250 MHz — 15 GHz (14) 250 Modulation Frequency: MHz — 20 GHz (14B) Up to 94% depth Prescaler Factor: Up to 85% depth 0.1 — 6 MHz Operating input Min.

• Page 148: Input C

  Specifications Timebase Options Product Family Option Option 19/90 Option 30/90 Option 40/90 Timebase Type OCXO OCXO OCXO Uncertainty due to: -Calibration adjustment tolerance <5×10 <1×10 <3×10 @ +23 °C ± 3 ° C -Aging per 24 h <5×10 <3×10 <5×10 per month <1×10 <3×10…

• Page 149: Auxiliary Functions

  Specifications CNT-91(R) 8-30 USER MANUAL ● CNT 9x Series ● Rev.22 February 2020…

• Page 149: Auxiliary Functions

  Specifications Auxiliary Functions Pulse Output Mode: Pulse Out, Gate Open, Alarm Trigger Hold-Off Period: 20 ns — 2 s in 10 ns incr. Pulse Width: 10 ns — 2 s in 10 ns incr TTL Time Delay Output Level: levels in 50 Ω, 2 n s rise time Range: 20 ns — 2 s, 10 ns resol.

• Page 149: Auxiliary Functions

  Specifications CNT-91(R) 8-30 USER MANUAL ● CNT 9x Series ● Rev.22 February 2020…

• Page 150: Mathematics

  Specifications Introduction Frequency Burst A, B, C Frequency and PRF of repetitive burst Only values with tolerances or limits are signals can be measured without external guaranteed data. Values without tolerances control signal and with selectable start are informative data, without guarantee. arming delay.

• Page 150: Mathematics

  Specifications Limit Qualifier: Alarm if value < limit 1 Capture & store values Alarm if above limit 2 limit 1 < value < limit 2 Capture & store values Alarm if value > limit 2 or value below limit 1 <…

• Page 150: Mathematics

  Specifications Introduction Frequency Burst A, B, C Frequency and PRF of repetitive burst Only values with tolerances or limits are signals can be measured without external guaranteed data. Values without tolerances control signal and with selectable start are informative data, without guarantee. arming delay.

• Page 151: Usb Interface

  Specifications stamps (2 consecutive Trig A Period A, B Single plus 2 consecutive Trig B) to determine sign (A before B or A Range A, B: 3.3 ns — 1000 s after B) Resolution: 50 ps rms typical ■ Display: ■…

• Page 151: Usb Interface

  Specifications 4 k readings/s (talk only) TimeView™ To Internal 250 k readings/s, 100 k This software package is intended for ad- Memory: readings/s w. calibr. on vanced Modulation Domain analysis and runs >3.9 M readings w. calibr. Internal Memory on any 32-bit Windows® system. Size: Data Output: ASCII, IEEE double precision…

• Page 151: Usb Interface

  Specifications stamps (2 consecutive Trig A Period A, B Single plus 2 consecutive Trig B) to determine sign (A before B or A Range A, B: 3.3 ns — 1000 s after B) Resolution: 50 ps rms typical ■ Display: ■…

• Page 152: Measurement Uncertainties

  Specifications Time Interval Error (TIE) A, B ■ Display: Normalized Period Back-to-Back measurements, Main Parameter: Phase calculated as: Aux. Parameters: Freq (prim. channel), V (in dB), based on peak-to-peak meas. Ti = individual period back-to-back and TREF = reference period value. Duty Factor A, B Range: ±1×10…

• Page 152: Measurement Uncertainties

  Specifications Measurement Hyst = 6 mV ± 1 % of trig lvl (DC tol kHz) for other measurement functions. Uncertainties Example for phase with sinewave signals and 0 V trigger levels (attenuator setting xl): Random Uncertainties (1) , where = Inp A peak voltage in V, and Quantization Error (E ■…

• Page 152: Measurement Uncertainties

  Specifications Time Interval Error (TIE) A, B ■ Display: Normalized Period Back-to-Back measurements, Main Parameter: Phase calculated as: Aux. Parameters: Freq (prim. channel), V (in dB), based on peak-to-peak meas. Ti = individual period back-to-back and TREF = reference period value. Duty Factor A, B Range: ±1×10…

• Page 153: Frequency & Period A, B

  Specifications NOTE: MANUAL controlled by front panel push Input Frequency: DC, 1 H z — 300 MHz, button HOLD/RUN. Statistics and pac- 100 Hz — 300 MHz default ing inhibited. (higher LF limit means higher GATED, START/STOP and TIMED meas. speed) controlled by setting arming conditions on the free input channels.

• Page 153: Frequency & Period A, B

  Specifications Frequency & Period Frequency Ratio f Random Uncertainty (rms) ■ ■ Typical Random Uncertainty (rms) NOTE. Frequency Ratio is an auxiliary mea- Smart Mode surementfunction, intended to give an indica- For measuring times <200 ms and if Smart tion, with no guaranteed specification. Freq = AUTO or OFF: [dimensionless, e.g.

• Page 153: Frequency & Period A, B

  Specifications NOTE: MANUAL controlled by front panel push Input Frequency: DC, 1 H z — 300 MHz, button HOLD/RUN. Statistics and pac- 100 Hz — 300 MHz default ing inhibited. (higher LF limit means higher GATED, START/STOP and TIMED meas. speed) controlled by setting arming conditions on the free input channels.

• Page 154: Calibration

  Specifications Input and Output Relative level (in %) manually adjustable when necessary. Specifications Auto Hysteresis Time Meas. : Minimum hysteresis window Inputs A and B (+compensation) Alternative data within parentheses refer to Freq. Meas. & Per. Avg.: input attenuator setting x10. 70 % and 30 % of input signal.

• Page 154: Calibration

  Specifications Calibration General Specifications Mode: Closed case, menu-con- trolled. Calibration Input: Environmental Data Password Protection: ON or OFF Class: MIL-PRF-28800F, Class 3 Input Frequen- 1.0, 1.544, 2.048, 5.0 or 10.0 Operat. Temp: 0 °C to +50 (+45)* °C cies used for TB Storage Temp: -40 °C to +71 °C, non-condensing, Calibration:…

• Page 154: Calibration

  Specifications Input and Output Relative level (in %) manually adjustable when necessary. Specifications Auto Hysteresis Time Meas. : Minimum hysteresis window Inputs A and B (+compensation) Alternative data within parentheses refer to Freq. Meas. & Per. Avg.: input attenuator setting x10. 70 % and 30 % of input signal.

• Page 155: Power Requirements

  Specifications Amplitude Input C (Options 14 & 14B) Modulation DC — 0.1 MHz Freq. Range: 250 MHz — 15 GHz (14) 250 Modulation Frequency: MHz — 20 GHz (14B) Up to 94% depth Prescaler Factor: Up to 85% depth 0.1 — 6 MHz Operating input Min.

• Page 155: Power Requirements

  2U (90 mm) Heavy-duty hard transport Height: 395 mm Depth: case Weight: Option 29/90: TimeView for CNT-90/91, Net 2.7 kg (5.8 lb) CNT-91: modulation domain analysis Shipping 3.5 kg (7.5 lb) CNT-91R: Option 90/01: Cal. certificate w. protocol; standard oscillator Option 90/06: Cal.

• Page 155: Power Requirements

  Specifications Amplitude Input C (Options 14 & 14B) Modulation DC — 0.1 MHz Freq. Range: 250 MHz — 15 GHz (14) 250 Modulation Frequency: MHz — 20 GHz (14B) Up to 94% depth Prescaler Factor: Up to 85% depth 0.1 — 6 MHz Operating input Min.

• Page 156: Timebase Options

  Specifications Auxiliary Functions Pulse Output Mode: Pulse Out, Gate Open, Alarm Trigger Hold-Off Period: 20 ns — 2 s in 10 ns incr. Pulse Width: 10 ns — 2 s in 10 ns incr TTL Time Delay Output Level: levels in 50 Ω, 2 n s rise time Range: 20 ns — 2 s, 10 ns resol.

• Page 156: Timebase Options

  Specifications Timebase Options CNT-91 Product Family ‘9X’ Standard Option 19/90 Option 30/90 Option 40/90 Option UCXO OCXO OCXO OCXO Timebase Type Uncertainty due to: -Calibration adjustment tolerance @ +23 °C ± 3 ° C <1×10 <5×10 <1×10 <3×10 -Aging per 24 h <5×10 <5×10 <3×10…

• Page 156: Timebase Options

  Specifications Auxiliary Functions Pulse Output Mode: Pulse Out, Gate Open, Alarm Trigger Hold-Off Period: 20 ns — 2 s in 10 ns incr. Pulse Width: 10 ns — 2 s in 10 ns incr TTL Time Delay Output Level: levels in 50 Ω, 2 n s rise time Range: 20 ns — 2 s, 10 ns resol.

• Page 157: Timebase Specifications Cnt-91R

  Specifications Limit Qualifier: Alarm if value < limit 1 Capture & store values Alarm if above limit 2 limit 1 < value < limit 2 Capture & store values Alarm if value > limit 2 or value below limit 1 <…

• Page 157: Timebase Specifications Cnt-91R

  Specifications Timebase Explanations After 3 months of continuous operation. Specifications After 1 year, aging during 1 year: CNT-91R <5×10 ; long-term < 2 x 10 / 10 years. 3)After 1 year of operation. Uncertainty Product Family ‘9X’ Rubidium <6×10 the first year of operation. Timebase Type Uncertainty due to: Calibration Adjustment Tolerance is the…

• Page 157: Timebase Specifications Cnt-91R

  Specifications Limit Qualifier: Alarm if value < limit 1 Capture & store values Alarm if above limit 2 limit 1 < value < limit 2 Capture & store values Alarm if value > limit 2 or value below limit 1 <…

• Page 158: Cnt-91R/71B

  Specifications 4 k readings/s (talk only) TimeView™ To Internal 250 k readings/s, 100 k This software package is intended for ad- Memory: readings/s w. calibr. on vanced Modulation Domain analysis and runs >3.9 M readings w. calibr. Internal Memory on any 32-bit Windows® system. Size: Data Output: ASCII, IEEE double precision…

• Page 158: Cnt-91R/71B

  Specifications CNT-91R/71B 8-46 USER MANUAL ● CNT 9x Series ● Rev.20 December 2017…

• Page 158: Cnt-91R/71B

  Specifications 4 k readings/s (talk only) TimeView™ To Internal 250 k readings/s, 100 k This software package is intended for ad- Memory: readings/s w. calibr. on vanced Modulation Domain analysis and runs >3.9 M readings w. calibr. Internal Memory on any 32-bit Windows® system. Size: Data Output: ASCII, IEEE double precision…

• Page 159: Introduction

  Specifications Measurement Hyst = 6 mV ± 1 % of trig lvl (DC tol kHz) for other measurement functions. Uncertainties Example for phase with sinewave signals and 0 V trigger levels (attenuator setting xl): Random Uncertainties (1) , where = Inp A peak voltage in V, and Quantization Error (E ■…

• Page 159: Introduction

  Specifications Introduction Frequency Burst A, B, C Frequency and PRF of repetitive burst signals Only values with tolerances or limits are can be measured without external control guaranteed data. Values without tolerances sig-nal and with selectable start arming delay. are informative data, without guarantee. Functions: Frequency in burst (Hz) PRF (Hz)

• Page 159: Introduction

  Specifications Measurement Hyst = 6 mV ± 1 % of trig lvl (DC tol kHz) for other measurement functions. Uncertainties Example for phase with sinewave signals and 0 V trigger levels (attenuator setting xl): Random Uncertainties (1) , where = Inp A peak voltage in V, and Quantization Error (E ■…

• Page 160: Period A, B Single

  Specifications Frequency & Period Frequency Ratio f Random Uncertainty (rms) ■ ■ Typical Random Uncertainty (rms) NOTE. Frequency Ratio is an auxiliary mea- Smart Mode surementfunction, intended to give an indica- For measuring times <200 ms and if Smart tion, with no guaranteed specification. Freq = AUTO or OFF: [dimensionless, e.g.

• Page 160: Period A, B Single

  Specifications Period A, B Single to determine sign (A before B or A after B) Range A, B: 3.3 ns — 1000 s ■ Display: Resolution: 50 ps rms typical ■ Display: Main Parameter: Time interval Aux. Parameters: None Main Parameter: Period Aux.

• Page 160: Period A, B Single

  Specifications Frequency & Period Frequency Ratio f Random Uncertainty (rms) ■ ■ Typical Random Uncertainty (rms) NOTE. Frequency Ratio is an auxiliary mea- Smart Mode surementfunction, intended to give an indica- For measuring times <200 ms and if Smart tion, with no guaranteed specification. Freq = AUTO or OFF: [dimensionless, e.g.

• Page 161: Time Interval Error (Tie) A, B

  Specifications Calibration General Specifications Mode: Closed case, menu-con- trolled. Calibration Input: Environmental Data Password Protection: ON or OFF Class: MIL-PRF-28800F, Class 3 Input Frequen- 1.0, 1.544, 2.048, 5.0 or 10.0 Operat. Temp: 0 °C to +50 (+45)* °C cies used for TB Storage Temp: -40 °C to +71 °C, non-condensing, Calibration:…

• Page 161: Time Interval Error (Tie) A, B

  Specifications Time Interval Error (TIE) A, B with 4 time stamps, 2 consecutive trig. A + two Normalized Period Back-to-Back measurements, consecutive trig. B to calculated as: determine sign of phase. ■ Display: Ti = individual period back-to-back and T Main Parameter: Phase reference period value.

• Page 161: Time Interval Error (Tie) A, B

  Specifications Calibration General Specifications Mode: Closed case, menu-con- trolled. Calibration Input: Environmental Data Password Protection: ON or OFF Class: MIL-PRF-28800F, Class 3 Input Frequen- 1.0, 1.544, 2.048, 5.0 or 10.0 Operat. Temp: 0 °C to +50 (+45)* °C cies used for TB Storage Temp: -40 °C to +71 °C, non-condensing, Calibration:…

• Page 162: Totalize A, B, A+B, A-B, A/B

  2U (90 mm) Heavy-duty hard transport Height: 395 mm Depth: case Weight: Option 29/90: TimeView for CNT-90/91, Net 2.7 kg (5.8 lb) CNT-91: modulation domain analysis Shipping 3.5 kg (7.5 lb) CNT-91R: Option 90/01: Cal. certificate w. protocol; standard oscillator Option 90/06: Cal.

• Page 162: Totalize A, B, A+B, A-B, A/B

  Specifications GATED, START/STOP and TIMED controlled by setting arming conditions Input Frequency: DC, 1 H z — 300 MHz, on the free input channels. Statistics 100 Hz — 300 MHz default and pacing allowed. (higher LF limit means higher meas. speed) Mode: Timestamping A, B Resolution:…

• Page 162: Totalize A, B, A+B, A-B, A/B

  2U (90 mm) Heavy-duty hard transport Height: 395 mm Depth: case Weight: Option 29/90: TimeView for CNT-90/91, Net 2.7 kg (5.8 lb) CNT-91: modulation domain analysis Shipping 3.5 kg (7.5 lb) CNT-91R: Option 90/01: Cal. certificate w. protocol; standard oscillator Option 90/06: Cal.

• Page 163: Input And Output Specifications

  Specifications Timebase Options CNT-91 Product Family ‘9X’ Standard Option 19/90 Option 30/90 Option 40/90 Option UCXO OCXO OCXO OCXO Timebase Type Uncertainty due to: -Calibration adjustment tolerance @ +23 °C ± 3 ° C <1×10 <5×10 <1×10 <3×10 -Aging per 24 h <5×10 <5×10 <3×10…

• Page 163: Input And Output Specifications

  Specifications Input and Output Freq. Range: up to 300 MHz Analog Noise Specifications Reduction Filter: Nom. 100 kHz, RC type Digital LP Filter: 1 Hz — 50 MHz using trigger hold-off Trigger Inputs A and B Indicators: Max. Voltage Alternative data within parentheses refer to w/o Damage input attenuator setting x10.

• Page 163: Input And Output Specifications

  Specifications Timebase Options CNT-91 Product Family ‘9X’ Standard Option 19/90 Option 30/90 Option 40/90 Option UCXO OCXO OCXO OCXO Timebase Type Uncertainty due to: -Calibration adjustment tolerance @ +23 °C ± 3 ° C <1×10 <5×10 <1×10 <3×10 -Aging per 24 h <5×10 <5×10 <3×10…

• Page 164: Rear Panel Inputs & Outputs

  Specifications Timebase Explanations After 3 months of continuous operation. Specifications After 1 year, aging during 1 year: CNT-91R <5×10 ; long-term < 2 x 10 / 10 years. 3)After 1 year of operation. Uncertainty Product Family ‘9X’ Rubidium <6×10 the first year of operation. Timebase Type Uncertainty due to: Calibration Adjustment Tolerance is the…

• Page 164: Rear Panel Inputs & Outputs

  Specifications Auxiliary Functions Max. Voltage w/o Damage: 12 V PIN diode prot. rms, Connector: Type N female Trigger Hold-Off 20 ns — 2 s, 10 ns resol. Time Delay Rear Panel Inputs & Outputs Range: Ref. Input:: 1, 5 or 10 MHz; External Start/Stop Arming 0 .

• Page 164: Rear Panel Inputs & Outputs

  Specifications Timebase Explanations After 3 months of continuous operation. Specifications After 1 year, aging during 1 year: CNT-91R <5×10 ; long-term < 2 x 10 / 10 years. 3)After 1 year of operation. Uncertainty Product Family ‘9X’ Rubidium <6×10 the first year of operation. Timebase Type Uncertainty due to: Calibration Adjustment Tolerance is the…

• Page 165: Mathematics

  Specifications CNT-91R/71B 8-46 USER MANUAL ● CNT 9x Series ● Rev.22 February 2020…

• Page 165: Mathematics

  Specifications Limit Qualifier: Alarm if value > limit 2 Capture & store values above Alarm if value < limit 1 limit 2 Capture & store values Alarm if limit 1 < value < limit 2 below limit 1 Capture & store values inside Alarm if value >…

• Page 165: Mathematics

  Specifications CNT-91R/71B 8-46 USER MANUAL ● CNT 9x Series ● Rev.22 February 2020…

• Page 166: Usb Interface

  Specifications Introduction Frequency Burst A, B, C Frequency and PRF of repetitive burst signals Only values with tolerances or limits are can be measured without external control guaranteed data. Values without tolerances sig-nal and with selectable start arming delay. are informative data, without guarantee. Functions: Frequency in burst (Hz) PRF (Hz)

• Page 166: Usb Interface

  Specifications Interface SH1, AH1, T6, L4, SR1, TimeView™ RL1, DC1, DT1, E2 Functions: Max. Meas. Rate 15 k readings/s (block) 650 This software package is intended for ad- Via GPIB: readings/s (individual) 4 k vanced Modulation Domain analysis and runs readings/s (talk only) on any 32-bit Windows®…

• Page 166: Usb Interface

  Specifications Introduction Frequency Burst A, B, C Frequency and PRF of repetitive burst signals Only values with tolerances or limits are can be measured without external control guaranteed data. Values without tolerances sig-nal and with selectable start arming delay. are informative data, without guarantee. Functions: Frequency in burst (Hz) PRF (Hz)

• Page 167: Measurement Uncertainties

  Specifications Period A, B Single to determine sign (A before B or A after B) Range A, B: 3.3 ns — 1000 s ■ Display: Resolution: 50 ps rms typical ■ Display: Main Parameter: Time interval Aux. Parameters: None Main Parameter: Period Aux.

• Page 167: Measurement Uncertainties

  Specifications Measurement Hyst = 30 mV ± 1% of trig lvl (DC to 1 kHz) for Pulse Width & Duty Factor Uncertainties Hyst = 6 mV ± 1 % of trig lvl (DC to l kHz) for other measurement functions. Example for phase with sinewave signals and 0 Random Uncertainties (1) V trigger levels (attenuator setting xl):…

• Page 167: Measurement Uncertainties

  Specifications Period A, B Single to determine sign (A before B or A after B) Range A, B: 3.3 ns — 1000 s ■ Display: Resolution: 50 ps rms typical ■ Display: Main Parameter: Time interval Aux. Parameters: None Main Parameter: Period Aux.

• Page 168: Frequency & Period

  Specifications Time Interval Error (TIE) A, B with 4 time stamps, 2 consecutive trig. A + two Normalized Period Back-to-Back measurements, consecutive trig. B to calculated as: determine sign of phase. ■ Display: Ti = individual period back-to-back and T Main Parameter: Phase reference period value.

• Page 168: Frequency & Period

  Specifications Frequency & Period Frequency Ratio f ■ Random Uncertainty (rms) ■ Typical Random Uncertainty (rms) NOTE. Frequency Ratio is an auxiliary mea- Smart Mode surement function, intended to give an indica- For measuring times <200 ms and if Smart tion, with no guaranteed specification.

• Page 168: Frequency & Period

  Specifications Time Interval Error (TIE) A, B with 4 time stamps, 2 consecutive trig. A + two Normalized Period Back-to-Back measurements, consecutive trig. B to calculated as: determine sign of phase. ■ Display: Ti = individual period back-to-back and T Main Parameter: Phase reference period value.

• Page 169: Calibration

  Specifications GATED, START/STOP and TIMED controlled by setting arming conditions Input Frequency: DC, 1 H z — 300 MHz, on the free input channels. Statistics 100 Hz — 300 MHz default and pacing allowed. (higher LF limit means higher meas. speed) Mode: Timestamping A, B Resolution:…

• Page 169: Calibration

  Specifications Calibration General Specifications Mode: Closed case, menu-con- trolled. Calibration Input: Environmental Data Password ON or OFF Protection: Class: MIL-PRF-28800F, Class 3 Input Frequencies 1.0, 1.544, 2.048, 5.0 or 10.0 Operat. Temp: 0 °C to +50 (+45)* °C used for TB Storage Temp: -40 °C to +71 °C, non-con- Calibration:…

• Page 169: Calibration

  Specifications GATED, START/STOP and TIMED controlled by setting arming conditions Input Frequency: DC, 1 H z — 300 MHz, on the free input channels. Statistics 100 Hz — 300 MHz default and pacing allowed. (higher LF limit means higher meas. speed) Mode: Timestamping A, B Resolution:…

• Page 170: Power Requirements

  Specifications Input and Output Freq. Range: up to 300 MHz Analog Noise Specifications Reduction Filter: Nom. 100 kHz, RC type Digital LP Filter: 1 Hz — 50 MHz using trigger hold-off Trigger Inputs A and B Indicators: Max. Voltage Alternative data within parentheses refer to w/o Damage input attenuator setting x10.

• Page 170: Power Requirements

  Specifications Power Requirements Line Voltage: 90-265 V , 45-440 Hz Power Consump- tion CNT-91: <40 W CNT-91R: <60 W Dimensions & Weight Width: 1/2 x 19″ (210 mm) 2U(90 mm) Height: 395 mm Depth: Weight: Net 2.7 kg (5.8 lb) CNT-91: Shipping 3.5 kg (7.5 lb) CNT-91R:…

• Page 170: Power Requirements

  Specifications Input and Output Freq. Range: up to 300 MHz Analog Noise Specifications Reduction Filter: Nom. 100 kHz, RC type Digital LP Filter: 1 Hz — 50 MHz using trigger hold-off Trigger Inputs A and B Indicators: Max. Voltage Alternative data within parentheses refer to w/o Damage input attenuator setting x10.

• Page 171: Timebase Specifications Cnt-91R/71B

  Specifications Auxiliary Functions Max. Voltage w/o Damage: 12 V PIN diode prot. rms, Connector: Type N female Trigger Hold-Off 20 ns — 2 s, 10 ns resol. Time Delay Rear Panel Inputs & Outputs Range: Ref. Input:: 1, 5 or 10 MHz; External Start/Stop Arming 0 .

• Page 171: Timebase Specifications Cnt-91R/71B

  Specifications Timebase Explanations After 24 hours of continuous operation, and Specifications at a quasi-constant temperature of ± within 5°C the operating range CNT-91R/71B After 3 months of continuous operation. Timebase Type Rubidium After 1 year, aging during 1 year: Uncertainty due to: <5×10 ;…

• Page 171: Timebase Specifications Cnt-91R/71B

  Specifications Auxiliary Functions Max. Voltage w/o Damage: 12 V PIN diode prot. rms, Connector: Type N female Trigger Hold-Off 20 ns — 2 s, 10 ns resol. Time Delay Rear Panel Inputs & Outputs Range: Ref. Input:: 1, 5 or 10 MHz; External Start/Stop Arming 0 .

• Page 172
  Specifications Limit Qualifier: Alarm if value > limit 2 Capture & store values above Alarm if value < limit 1 limit 2 Capture & store values Alarm if limit 1 < value < limit 2 below limit 1 Capture & store values inside Alarm if value >…
• Page 172
  Specifications This page is intentionally left blank. 8-60 USER MANUAL ● CNT 9x Series ● Rev.20 December 2017…
• Page 172
  Specifications Limit Qualifier: Alarm if value > limit 2 Capture & store values above Alarm if value < limit 1 limit 2 Capture & store values Alarm if limit 1 < value < limit 2 below limit 1 Capture & store values inside Alarm if value >…

• Page 173: Index

  Specifications Interface SH1, AH1, T6, L4, SR1, TimeView™ RL1, DC1, DT1, E2 Functions: Max. Meas. Rate 15 k readings/s (block) 650 This software package is intended for ad- Via GPIB: readings/s (individual) 4 k vanced Modulation Domain analysis and runs readings/s (talk only) on any 32-bit Windows®…

• Page 173: Index

  Chapter 9 Index…

• Page 173: Index

  Specifications Interface SH1, AH1, T6, L4, SR1, TimeView™ RL1, DC1, DT1, E2 Functions: Max. Meas. Rate 15 k readings/s (block) 650 This software package is intended for ad- Via GPIB: readings/s (individual) 4 k vanced Modulation Domain analysis and runs readings/s (talk only) on any 32-bit Windows®…

• Page 174
  Specifications Measurement Hyst = 30 mV ± 1% of trig lvl (DC to 1 kHz) for Pulse Width & Duty Factor Uncertainties Hyst = 6 mV ± 1 % of trig lvl (DC to l kHz) for other measurement functions. Example for phase with sinewave signals and 0 Random Uncertainties (1) V trigger levels (attenuator setting xl):…
• Page 174
  Index ±1 cycle count error ……4-9 Battery Supply checking ……7-13, 7-14 Burst AC/DC coupling ……..3-3 Frequency (CW)……4-5 Allan deviation ……..6-3 AM modulated signals ……4-8 Carrier wave frequency AM ….4-8 Aperture Carrier wave frequency FM….4-6 See Measuring time Channel Arming…
• Page 174
  Specifications Measurement Hyst = 30 mV ± 1% of trig lvl (DC to 1 kHz) for Pulse Width & Duty Factor Uncertainties Hyst = 6 mV ± 1 % of trig lvl (DC to l kHz) for other measurement functions. Example for phase with sinewave signals and 0 Random Uncertainties (1) V trigger levels (attenuator setting xl):…
• Page 175
  Specifications Frequency & Period Frequency Ratio f ■ Random Uncertainty (rms) ■ Typical Random Uncertainty (rms) NOTE. Frequency Ratio is an auxiliary mea- Smart Mode surement function, intended to give an indica- For measuring times <200 ms and if Smart tion, with no guaranteed specification.
• Page 175
  Digits Blank……..2-17 ratio ……….4-4 Frequency versus time Display contrast adjusting….2-8 See Profiling Function Distortion……….. 3-8 period ………. 4-13 Drift ……….. 6-4 ratio ……….4-4 See Also Long time instability Drift measurements……5-13 Duty cycle Gate See Duty factor indicator………
• Page 175
  Specifications Frequency & Period Frequency Ratio f ■ Random Uncertainty (rms) ■ Typical Random Uncertainty (rms) NOTE. Frequency Ratio is an auxiliary mea- Smart Mode surement function, intended to give an indica- For measuring times <200 ms and if Smart tion, with no guaranteed specification.
• Page 176
  Specifications Calibration General Specifications Mode: Closed case, menu-con- trolled. Calibration Input: Environmental Data Password ON or OFF Protection: Class: MIL-PRF-28800F, Class 3 Input Frequencies 1.0, 1.544, 2.048, 5.0 or 10.0 Operat. Temp: 0 °C to +50 (+45)* °C used for TB Storage Temp: -40 °C to +71 °C, non-con- Calibration:…
• Page 176
  Limits ……….6-6 LOCAL LOCKOUT mode….2-8 No trig LOCAL mode……..2-8 display message……4-10 Long time instability ……6-5 Noise……….3-6 Low-pass filter digital……….3-4 Output ……….2-18 Overdrive ……..4-18 Manual arming ……….. 5-6 Mathematics Period ……..4-13, 4-14 and Statistics together….
• Page 176
  Specifications Calibration General Specifications Mode: Closed case, menu-con- trolled. Calibration Input: Environmental Data Password ON or OFF Protection: Class: MIL-PRF-28800F, Class 3 Input Frequencies 1.0, 1.544, 2.048, 5.0 or 10.0 Operat. Temp: 0 °C to +50 (+45)* °C used for TB Storage Temp: -40 °C to +71 °C, non-con- Calibration:…
• Page 177
  Specifications Power Requirements Line Voltage: 90-265 V , 45-440 Hz Power Consump- tion CNT-91: <40 W CNT-91R: <60 W Dimensions & Weight Width: 1/2 x 19″ (210 mm) 2U(90 mm) Height: 395 mm Depth: Weight: Net 2.7 kg (5.8 lb) CNT-91: Shipping 3.5 kg (7.5 lb) CNT-91R:…
• Page 177
  checking……..7-8 in phase measurements ….4-22 Restart ……….5-2 RF Inputs TIE ………… 4-16 checking……..7-12 Time ……….4-15 Rise/Fall time……..4-16 duty factor ……..4-17 Rubidium oscillator period ……… 4-13 checking……..7-8 pulse width ……… 4-17 rise/fall ……..4-16 time interval ……..
• Page 177
  Specifications Power Requirements Line Voltage: 90-265 V , 45-440 Hz Power Consump- tion CNT-91: <40 W CNT-91R: <60 W Dimensions & Weight Width: 1/2 x 19″ (210 mm) 2U(90 mm) Height: 395 mm Depth: Weight: Net 2.7 kg (5.8 lb) CNT-91: Shipping 3.5 kg (7.5 lb) CNT-91R:…
• Page 178
  Specifications Timebase Explanations After 24 hours of continuous operation, and Specifications at a quasi-constant temperature of ± within 5°C the operating range CNT-91R/71B After 3 months of continuous operation. Timebase Type Rubidium After 1 year, aging during 1 year: Uncertainty due to: <5×10 ;…
• Page 178
  converting auto to manual….. 3-5 how to use……..3-7 manual ……… 3-4 setting speed……… 3-5 Units ……….2-17 step response profiling ….5-14 Voltage ……….4-27 checking …….. 7-6, 7-8 function ……..4-27 X max ……….6-3 X min ……….6-3 X p-p ………..
• Page 178
  Specifications Timebase Explanations After 24 hours of continuous operation, and Specifications at a quasi-constant temperature of ± within 5°C the operating range CNT-91R/71B After 3 months of continuous operation. Timebase Type Rubidium After 1 year, aging during 1 year: Uncertainty due to: <5×10 ;…
• Page 179
  Specifications This page is intentionally left blank. 8-60 USER MANUAL ● CNT 9x Series ● Rev.22 February 2020…
• Page 179
  Chapter 10 Service…
• Page 179
  Specifications This page is intentionally left blank. 8-60 USER MANUAL ● CNT 9x Series ● Rev.22 February 2020…
• Page 180
  Chapter 9 Index…
• Page 180
  Sales and Service Office For additional product information, customer support and service, please contact Pendulum Instruments at the following addresses: Pendulum Instruments Sp. z.o.o. ul.Lotnicza 37vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv 80-297 Baninovvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv Poland Office Address: As above Shipping Address: As above phone:+48 (58) 681 89 01…
• Page 180
  Chapter 9 Index…
• Page 181
  Index ±1 cycle count error ……4-9 Battery Supply checking ……7-13, 7-14 Burst AC/DC coupling ……..3-3 Frequency (CW)……4-5 Allan deviation ……..6-3 AM modulated signals ……4-8 Carrier wave frequency AM ….4-8 Aperture Carrier wave frequency FM….4-6 See Measuring time Channel Arming…
• Page 181
  Chapter 11 Appendix…
• Page 181
  Index ±1 cycle count error ……4-9 Battery Supply checking ……7-13, 7-14 Burst AC/DC coupling ……..3-3 Frequency (CW)……4-5 Allan deviation ……..6-3 AM modulated signals ……4-8 Carrier wave frequency AM ….4-8 Aperture Carrier wave frequency FM….4-6 See Measuring time Channel Arming…
• Page 182
  Digits Blank……..2-17 ratio ……….4-4 Frequency versus time Display contrast adjusting….2-8 See Profiling Function Distortion……….. 3-8 period ………. 4-13 Drift ……….. 6-4 ratio ……….4-4 See Also Long time instability Drift measurements……5-13 Duty cycle Gate See Duty factor indicator………
• Page 182
  New Look A new front panel design will be introduced gradually starting with the model CNT-91R. It will eventually be applied to all models in the ‘9X’ series of counters. The fundamental layout is unchanged, so the instructions given in the main manual are still valid. The new look can be seen below.
• Page 182
  Digits Blank……..2-17 ratio ……….4-4 Frequency versus time Display contrast adjusting….2-8 See Profiling Function Distortion……….. 3-8 period ………. 4-13 Drift ……….. 6-4 ratio ……….4-4 See Also Long time instability Drift measurements……5-13 Duty cycle Gate See Duty factor indicator………

Частотомеры, стандарты частоты и компараторы

• 

  • 

  Универсальные таймеры/счетчики/анализаторы CNT-90 предназначены для высокоточного измерения частоты, периода, фазы и рабочего цикла в задаваемых пользователем пределах, калибровки и анализа времени и частоты, статистической обработки результатов измерений и выполнения математических операций с полученными данными. Наличие GPIB/USB интерфейса дает возможность подключать прибор к персональному компьютеру и с помощью программного обеспечения TimeView производить регистрацию, анализ и архивирование результатов измерений. Частотомеры данной серии имеют графический интерфейс и усовершенствованное управление измерениями.

• Технические параметры частотомера CNT-90:

  • Измерение частоты:   
    по входам А,В: 0,002 Гц-300 МГц;
    по входу С:
    0.1 — 2,7 ГГц (опция 10);
    0.3 — 8 ГГц (опция 13);
    0.25 — 14 ГГц (опция 14);
    0.25 — 20 ГГц (опция 14B)
  • Измерение периода усредненного сигнала
    по входам А,B: 3,3 нс — 500 с
    по входу С:    330 пс – 10 нс (опция 10)
    по входу С:    125 пс – 3,3 нс (опция 13)
    по входу С:    72 пс – 5 нс (опция 14)
    по входу С:    50 пс – 5 нс (опция 14В)
    с разрешение 12 цифр
  • Измерение периода одиночного сигнала по входам А, B: 3,3 нс — 1000 с, разрешение 100 пс
  • Измерение временного интервала А-А, А-В, В-А, В-В:
    -5 нс — +10⁶ с (обычный расчет)
    -10⁶ с — +10⁶ с (интеллектуальный расчет)
    Разрешение: 100 пс
    минимальная ширина импульса: 1,6 нс
    Интеллектуальный расчет: интервал времени для определения знака (А перед В или А после В)
  • Определение положительной/отрицательной ширины импульса по входам А, В: 2,3 нс — 10⁶ с
  • Определение времени переднего и заднего фронта по входам А, В: 1,5 нс — 10⁶ с
    Уровни срабатывания: 10% и 90% амплитуды сигнала
  • Фаза выхода А относительно В и выхода В относительно А: -180 — +360° , частота до 160 МГц
    разрешение: одиночный цикл 0,001°-10 кГц, уменьшение до 1°>10 МГц
    усреднением можно добиться улучшения разрешения
  • Определение положительного и отрицательного коэффициента режима по входам А, В: 10^-6-1
    диапазон частот: 0,1 Гц-300 МГц
  • Временные метки по входам А, В: необработанные данные о временных метках вместе с количеством импульсов на входе А,В доступны только через шину GPIB или USB
    Максимальная частота: 160 МГц, разрешение временной метки: 100 пс

  Входы А и В

  • Соединение: DC (DC-300 МГц) или AC (10 Гц-300 МГц)
  • Импеданс: 1 МОм/20 пФ или 50 Ом
  • Максимальная межканальная разность задержки: 500 пс
  • Чувствительность:      
    DC-100 МГц: 10 мВ (RMS);
    100-200 МГц: 30 мВ (RMS);
    200-300 МГц: 40 мВ (RMS)
  • Ослабление: х1, х10
  • Отображение уровня срабатывания на дисплее:
    разрешение: 3 мВ 
    неопределенность (х1): ±(15 мВ+1% уровня срабатывания)
    В автоматическом режиме уровень срабатывания устанавливается равным 50% входного сигнала (10% и 90% для периода переднего/заднего фронта)
  • Автоматический режим гистерезиса:
    время: минимальный период гистерезиса (коррекция на гистерезис)
    частота: 1/3 амплитуды входного сигнала
  • Аналоговый шумовой фильтр: номинал 100 кГц, RC-типа
  • Цифровой низкочастотный фильтр: переменная частота среза 1 Гц – 50 МГц
  • Максимальное допустимое напряжение:
    1 МОм:  350 В (DC+ACpk) – 440 Гц с уменьшением до 12 В RMS при 1 МГц
    50 Ом:    12 В RMS
    тип разъема: BNC

  Вход С (опция 10)

  • Диапазон входных напряжений:      
    20 мВ – 12 В RMS, 0,1 ГГц-0,3 ГГц;
    10 мВ – 12 В RMS, 0,3 ГГц-2,5 ГГц;
    20 мВ – 12 В RMS, 2,5 ГГц-2,7 ГГц
    40 мВ – 12 В RMS, 2,7 ГГц-3 ГГц
    20 мВ – 12 В RMS, 2,5 ГГц-2,7 ГГц
  • Импеданс: 50 Ом номинал
  • Максимальное допустимое напряжение: 12 В RMS, защита с помощью PIN диодов
  • Тип разъема: N-тип, розетка

  Вход С (опция 13)

  • Диапазон входных напряжений:      
    40 мВ – 7 В RMS, 0,2 ГГц-0,3 ГГц;
    20 мВ – 7 В RMS, 0,3 ГГц-0,5 ГГц;
    10 мВ – 7 В RMS, 0,5 ГГц-3,0 ГГц;
    20 мВ – 7 В RMS, 3,0 ГГц-4,5 ГГц
    40 мВ – 7 В RMS, 4,5 ГГц-6,0 ГГц
    80 мВ – 7 В RMS, 6,0 ГГц-8,0 ГГц
  • Импеданс: 50 Ом
  • Максимальное допустимое напряжение: 7 В RMS
  • Тип разъема: N-тип, розетка

  Вход С (опция 14 и 14B)

  • Диапазон входных напряжений:      
    20 мВ – 7 В RMS, 0,25 ГГц-0,5 ГГц;
    10 мВ – 7 В RMS, 0,5 ГГц-14 ГГц;
    10 мВ – 7 В RMS, 14 ГГц-18 ГГц (опция 14);
    20 мВ – 7 В RMS, 18 ГГц-20 ГГц (опция 14B)
  • Импеданс: 50 Ом
  • Максимальное допустимое напряжение: 7 В RMS
  • Тип разъема: N-тип, розетка

  Входы и выходы на задней панели

  • Опорный входной сигнал: 1, 5, 10 МГц, 0,1-5 В RMS, импеданс>1 кОм
  • Опорный выходной сигнал: 10 МГц, >1 В RMS для 50 Ом
  • Вход блокировки: блокировка всех функций измерений
    импеданс: примерно 1 кОм, диапазон частот: DC-80 МГц
  • Измерительные входы задней панели (А,В или С):
    значение импеданса: 1МОм/50пф или 50 Ом;
    тип соединения: N-тип, розетка для входа C, BNC для всех остальных входов/ выходов

  Удержание срабатывания:

  • Диапазон задержки 20 нс-2 с разрешением 10 нс

  Внешнее управление запуском и остановкой по входам А,В

  • Режимы: запуск, остановка, управление запуском/остановкой
  • Максимальная частота следования управляющего сигнала:160 МГц
  • Диапазон временной задержки запуска по входам А,В: 20 нс-2 с, с разрешением 10 нс

  Статистические вычисления

  • Функции: максимум, минимум, среднее значение, девиация Алана и стандартная, ΔMAX-MIN
  • Размер выборки: 2 — 2×10⁹ выборок
  • Определение пределов: значение OFF или Capture, верхний/нижний предел, в пределах/за пределами диапазона
  • Диапазон периода измерений: 2 мкс – 1000 с

  Математические вычисления:

  • Функции: (К*X+L)/М и (К/X+L)/M. X — текущее показание, К, L и М — константы, вводятся с помощью клавиатуры или устанавливаются как фиксированные опорные значения (Xо)

  Другие функции

  • Период измерения: 20 нс – 1000 с для частоты, выброса и среднего значения за период; одиночный цикл для других функций измерения
  • Опорная временная база: внутренняя/внешняя/автоматическая
  • Удержание показаний: фиксирует результат измерения, пока не запущено новое измерение
  • Аварийный сигнал по предельному значению: графическая индикация на передней панели и/или SRQ по шине GPIB
    предельные значения: нижний/верхний предел
    настройки: OFF (выключение)/Alarm (аварийный сигнал) если значение вышло за границу верхнего/нижнего предела, в диапазоне или вне диапазона
    активный аварийный сигнал (ON): STOP (остановка) или CONTINUE (продолжение)
  • Установка: 20 полных наборов установок частотомера могут быть сохранены и восстановлены из внутренней энергонезависимой памяти. 10 ячеек памяти могут быть защищены от записи
  • Вспомогательное меню: предоставляет доступ к дополнительным функциям
  • Дисплей: 14-разрядный ЖК-дисплей с подсветкой 320х97 пикселей

  Интерфейс GPIB/USB

  • Максимальная скорость измерения через универсальную интерфейсную шину GPIB: 2000 показаний в секунду; во внутреннюю память: 250K показаний/с
  • Размер внутренней памяти: до 750K показаний
  • USB: версия 2.0, 12 Мб/с

  Программное обеспечение для временного и частотного Анализа TimeView™

  Программное обеспечение TimeView работает на любом ПК, имеющем монитор стандарта VGA/EGA

  Режимы регистрации данных и скорость измерения*

  • Произвольная выборка: 8000 показаний/с
  • Периодическая выборка: до 10⁶ выборок/с
  • Регистрация формы сигнала: да (вертикальная выборка)
  • Управление прибором: все функции лицевой панели и некоторые функции ВСПОМОГАТЕЛЬНОГО МЕНЮ
  • Анализ данных:
    Данные измерений в зависимости от времени
    График БПФ
    Корень дисперсии Аллана
    Функция сглаживания
    Функция масштабирования
    Курсорные измерения
    Гистограмма распределения
  • Сохранение файлов: установки и данные измерений

  * В зависимости от функции измерения и внутреннего формата данных

  Опции временной базы

  Модель опции	стандарт	19/90	30/90	40/90
  Тип опорного генератора	стандарт	ОСХО	ОСХО	ОСХО
  Старение за 24 часа За месяц За год	нет <5×10-7 <5×10-6	<5×10-9(1) <6×10-8 <2×10-7	<5×10-10(1) <1×10-8 <5×10-8	<3×10-10(1) <3×10-9 <1.5×10-8
  Влияние температуры: 0-50 °С 20-26 °С	<1×10-5 <3×10-6	<5×10-8 <2×10-8	<5×10-9 <1×10-9	<2.5×10-9 <4×10-10
  Кратковременная стабильность 1 с (среднеаллановское отклонение) 10 с	не задано	<1×10-10	<1×10-11	<5×10-12
  Зависимость отклонения от конечного значения через 24 часа работы, после периода прогрева	не задано	<1×10-7 30 min	<1×10-8 10 min	<5×10-9 10 min
  Суммарная погрешность при рабочей температуре 20-26 °С — через год после калибровки — через 2 года после калибровки	<7×10-6 <1.2×10-5	<2.4×10-7 <4.6×10-7	<0.6×10-7 <1.2×10-7	<1.8×10-8 <3.5×10-8

  (1) Через месяц непрерывной работы

  • Рабочая температура: от 0 до +50 °С
  • Надежность: средняя наработка на отказ 30000 часов
  • Параметры сети (при 25 °С): AC 90-265 В RMS, 45-440 Гц, (<40 Вт)
  • Габариты: 210х90х395 мм
  • Вес: 4 кг.

  * Опции устанавливаются на заводе по заказу и не могут быть изменены заказчиком.

• Комплект поставки CNT-90

  Наименование	Количество
  Прибор	1
  Сетевой шнур	1
  Руководство пользователя на CD	1
  Руководство по программированию	1
  Сертификат о калибровке	1

  Доплнительная комплектация

  Наименование	Цена
  Опция 10*: опция высокочастотного входа С 0,1 — 3 ГГц	По запросу
  Опция 13*: опция высокочастотного входа С 0,3 — 8 ГГц	По запросу
  Опция 14*: опция высокочастотного входа С 0,25 — 14 ГГц	По запросу
  Опция 14B*: опция высокочастотного входа С 0,25 — 20 ГГц	По запросу
  Опция 19/90*: временная база термостата очень высокой стабильности; 0.06 ppm/месяц	По запросу
  Опция 27: футляр для переноски	По запросу
  Опция 27H: жесткий футляр для транспортировки	По запросу
  Опция 29/90: Программное обеспечение TimeView под Windows	По запросу
  Опция 30/90*:временная база термостата ультравысокой стабильности; 0.01 ppm/месяц	По запросу
  Опция 40/90*: временная база термостата ультравысокой стабильности; 0.003 ppm/месяц	По запросу

• Дополнительная комплектация CNT-90

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