Doc 9432 руководство по радиотелефонной связи

Международная организация гражданской авиации, Издание четвертое 2007. — 134 с.

Настоящее руководство подготовлено при консультации и по согласованию с Европейской организацией по обеспечению безопасности воздушной навигации (ЕВРОКОНТРОЛЬ).
Фразеология ИКАО используется в процедурах, которые включены в том II «Правила связи,
включая правила, имеющие статус PANS» Приложения 10 «Авиационная электросвязь», а также в Правила аэронавигационного обслуживания «Организация воздушного движения» (PANS-ATM, DOC 4444). В данном руководстве приведены образцы радиотелефонной фразеологии, используемой в этих двух документах. Хотя процедуры и фразеология конкретно отражают ситуацию и условия, когда используется очень высокая частота (ОВЧ), тем не менее они в равной степени применимы и в тех случаях, когда используется высокая частота (ВЧ).
Фразеология ИКАО разработана для обеспечения эффективного, ясного, четкого и недву-
смысленного обмена информацией при ведении связи, и при этом особое внимание уделяется правильному использованию фразеологии ИКАО во всех случаях, когда она должна употребляться.
Однако невозможно предусмотреть фразеологию для всех возможных ситуаций, которые могут возникнуть, и поэтому содержащиеся в данном руководстве образцы фразеологии не носят исчерпывающего характера, а просто являются типичной фразеологией для использования при обычном радиотелефонном обмене. Пользователи, возможно, сочтут необходимым дополнить эту фразеологию «разговорным» языком. Когда необходимо использовать разговорный язык, это следует делать в соответствии с теми же принципами, которые регулируют употребление фразеологии, т. е. сообщения должны быть ясными, четкими и недвусмысленными. Кроме того, необходимо обеспечить достаточно глубокое знание используемого в радиотелефонной связи языка (требования ИКАО к знанию английского языка приведены в томе II Приложения 10 и Приложении 1 «Выдача свидетельств авиационному персоналу» ИКАО). Кроме умения правильно использовать фразеологию и достаточно глубокого знания языка, при радиотелефонном обмене очень важно понимать, что английский язык часто не является родным языком для лиц, участвующих в обмене информацией. Понимание особых трудностей, возникающих при передаче информации лицами, для которых английский не является родным языком, способствует повышению надежности обмена информацией. Сообщения должны передаваться медленно и четко. Ясные сообщения, в которых нет идиоматических выражений, легче понимать, чем расплывчатые сообщения или сообщения, содержащие разговорные и жаргонные выражения.

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FOREWORD

ICAO phraseologies are contained in procedures found in Annex 10 — Aeronautical Telecommunications, Volume II — Communication Procedures including those with PANS status and in the Procedures for Air Navigation Services — Air Traffic Management (PANS-ATM, Doc 4444). The purpose of this manual is to provide examples of the radiotelephony phraseology found in those two documents. While the procedures and phraseology specifically reflect the situation in an environment where very high frequency (VHF) is in use, they are equally applicable in those areas where high frequency (HF) is used.

ICAO phraseologies are developed to provide efficient, clear, concise, and unambiguous communications, and constant attention should be given to the correct use of ICAO phraseologies in all instances in which they are applicable. However, it is not possible to provide phraseologies to cover every conceivable situation which may arise, and the examples contained in this manual are not exhaustive, but merely representative of radiotelephony phraseology in common use. Users may find it necessary to supplement phraseologies with the use of “plain” language. When it is necessary to use plain language, it should be used according to the same principles that govern the development of phraseologies in that communications should be clear, concise, and unambiguous. Sufficient proficiency in the language being used is also required. (ICAO language proficiency requirements are found in ICAO Annex 10, Volume II and Annex 1 — Personnel Licensing.) In addition to correct use of phraseologies and adequate language proficiency, it is also important to keep in mind that the language being used in radiotelephony is often not the first language of the receiver or originator of a transmission. An awareness of the special difficulties faced by second-language speakers contributes to safer communications. Transmissions should be slow and clear. Direct statements which avoid idiomatic expressions are easier to understand than indirect statements or colloquialisms or slang.

Furthermore, certain States may specify in their aeronautical information publication (AIP) particular requirements on first contact when entering their airspace or prior to leaving their airspace. Pilots should, therefore, ensure that they are aware of such procedures by referring to the relevant instructions (e.g. AIP and NOTAM) before undertaking international flights. Examples of phraseology of this type are beyond the scope of this manual.

___________________

(iii)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

3.2An explanation of the role of phraseologies and plain language in radiotelephony

(v)

Chapter 1

GLOSSARY

1.1DEFINITIONS OF PRINCIPAL TERMS USED IN THIS MANUAL

Note.— Other definitions will be found in the appropriate ICAO documents.

Aerodrome control service. Air traffic control service for aerodrome traffic.

Aerodrome traffic. All traffic on the manoeuvring area of an aerodrome and all aircraft flying in the vicinity of an aerodrome.

Note.— An aircraft is in the vicinity of an aerodrome when it is in, entering or leaving an aerodrome traffic circuit.

Aerodrome traffic circuit. The specified path to be flown by aircraft operating in the vicinity of an aerodrome.

Aeronautical mobile service (RR S1.32). A mobile service between aeronautical stations and aircraft stations, or between aircraft stations, in which survival craft stations may participate; emergency position-indicating radiobeacon stations may also participate in this service on designated distress and emergency frequencies.

Aeronautical station (RR S1.81). A land station in the aeronautical mobile service. In certain instances, an aeronautical station may be located, for example, on board ship or on a platform at sea.

Air-ground communication. Two-way communication between aircraft and stations or locations on the surface of the earth.

Air traffic. All aircraft in flight or operating on the manoeuvring area of an aerodrome.

Air traffic control clearance. Authorization for an aircraft to proceed under conditions specified by an air traffic control unit.

Note 1.— For convenience, the term “air traffic control clearance” is frequently abbreviated to “clearance” when used in appropriate contexts.

Note 2.— The abbreviated term “clearance” may be prefixed by the words “taxi”, “take-off”, “departure”, “en route”, “approach” or “landing” to indicate the particular portion of flight to which the air traffic control clearance relates.

Air traffic service (ATS). A generic term meaning variously, flight information service, alerting service, air traffic advisory service, air traffic control service (area control service, approach control service or aerodrome control service).

Air traffic services unit. A generic term meaning variously, air traffic control unit, flight information centre or air traffic services reporting office.

1-1