Rel 511 руководство по применению

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COPYRIGHT

WE RESERVE ALL RIGHTS TO THIS DOCUMENT, EVEN IN THE EVENT THAT A
PATENT IS ISSUED AND A DIFFERENT

COMMERCIAL PROPRIETARY RIGHT IS REGISTERED. IMPROPER USE, IN
PARTICULAR REPRODUCTION AND DIS-SEMINATION TO THIRD PARTIES, IS NOT
PERMITTED.

THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN CAREFULLY CHECKED. IF THE USER
NEVERTHELESS DETECTS ANY ERRORS, HE IS

ASKED TO NOTIFY US AS SOON AS POSSIBLE.

THE DATA CONTAINED IN THIS MANUAL IS INTENDED SOLELY FOR THE
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION AND IS NOT TO BE

DEEMED TO BE A STATEMENT OF GUARANTEED PROPERTIES. IN THE
INTERESTS OF OUR CUSTOMERS, WE CON-

STANTLY SEEK TO ENSURE THAT OUR PRODUCTS ARE DEVELOPED TO THE
LATEST TECHNOLOGICAL STAN-

DARDS. AS A RESULT, IT IS POSSIBLE THAT THERE MAY BE SOME
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE HW/SW PRODUCT

AND THIS INFORMATION PRODUCT.

Manufacturer:

ABB Automation Products AB

Substation Automation Division

SE-721 59 Västerås

Sweden

Tel: +46 (0) 21 34 20 00

Fax: +46 (0) 21 14 69 18

Internet: http://www.abb.se

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Contents

PageChapter

Chapter 1 Introduction
……………………………………………………………
1

Introduction to the technical reference manual
……………………………… 2About the complete set of
manuals to a terminal………………………. 2Design of the
Technical reference manual (TRM) ……………………..
3Related
documents……………………………………………………………….
6

Chapter 2
General…………………………………………………………………..
7

Terminal
identification………………………………………………………………..
8

General terminal parameters
…………………………………………………. 8Basic
protection parameters
…………………………………………………..
8Calendar and clock
……………………………………………………………..
12

Technical data
………………………………………………………………………..
13Case dimensions
………………………………………………………………..
13Weight
………………………………………………………………………………
17Unit
…………………………………………………………………………………..
17Environmental
properties……………………………………………………..
17

Chapter 3 Common functions
………………………………………………. 21

Time synchronisation
(TIME)…………………………………………………….
22Application
…………………………………………………………………………
22Function block
……………………………………………………………………
22Input and output signals
………………………………………………………
22Setting parameters
……………………………………………………………..
23

Setting group selector
(GRP)…………………………………………………….
24Application
…………………………………………………………………………
24Logic diagram
…………………………………………………………………….
24Function block
……………………………………………………………………
24Input and output signals
………………………………………………………
25

Setting lockout (HMI)
……………………………………………………………….
26Application
…………………………………………………………………………
26

Function block
……………………………………………………………………
26Logic diagram
…………………………………………………………………….
26Input and output signals
………………………………………………………
27

Setting parameters
……………………………………………………………..
27I/O system configurator (IOP)
…………………………………………………… 28

Application
…………………………………………………………………………
28Logic diagram
…………………………………………………………………….
28Function block
……………………………………………………………………
29Input and output signals
………………………………………………………
29

Self supervision (INT)
………………………………………………………………
30Application
…………………………………………………………………………
30Function block
……………………………………………………………………
30

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Contents

Logic diagram
…………………………………………………………………….
31Input and output
signals……………………………………………………….
33Technical data
……………………………………………………………………
33

Logic function blocks
……………………………………………………………….
34Application
…………………………………………………………………………
34Inverter function block (INV)
………………………………………………… 34OR
function block
(OR)………………………………………………………..
34AND function block (AND)
……………………………………………………
35Timer function block (TM)
…………………………………………………….
36Timer long function block (TL)
……………………………………………… 37Pulse
timer function block
(TP)……………………………………………..
38Extended length pulse function block
(TQ)…………………………….. 38Exclusive OR function
block (XO)………………………………………….
39Set-reset function block
(SR)………………………………………………..
40Set-reset with memory function block (SM)
……………………………. 41Controllable gate function
block (GT) ……………………………………. 41

Settable timer function block
(TS)…………………………………………. 42Technical
data
……………………………………………………………………
43

Blocking of signals during test
…………………………………………………..
44Application
…………………………………………………………………………
44Function
block…………………………………………………………………….
44Input and output
signals……………………………………………………….
44

Chapter 4 Line impedance
…………………………………………………….
45

Distance protection
(ZM)…………………………………………………………..
46Application
…………………………………………………………………………
46

Functionality……………………………………………………………………….
48Function block, zone 1-
3……………………………………………………..
50Function block, zone
4…………………………………………………………
51Function block, zone
5…………………………………………………………
52Logic diagram
…………………………………………………………………….
52Input and output signals, zone
1-3………………………………………… 55Input and
output signals, zone
4…………………………………………… 56Input and
output signals, zone
5…………………………………………… 57Setting
parameters, general
………………………………………………… 57Setting
parameters, zone 1-3
………………………………………………. 58Setting
parameters, zone
4…………………………………………………..
60Setting parameters, zone
5………………………………………………….. 62

Setting parameters, directional measuring element
………………… 64Technical data
……………………………………………………………………
64Automatic switch onto fault logic
(SOTF)……………………………………. 66

Application
…………………………………………………………………………
66Functionality……………………………………………………………………….
66Function
block…………………………………………………………………….
66Logic diagram
…………………………………………………………………….
67Input and output
signals……………………………………………………….
67Setting parameters
……………………………………………………………..
67Technical data
……………………………………………………………………
68

Local acceleration logic
(ZCLC)…………………………………………………
69Application
…………………………………………………………………………
69

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Contents

Functionality
………………………………………………………………………
69Function block
……………………………………………………………………
69Logic diagram
…………………………………………………………………….
70

Input and output signals
………………………………………………………
70Setting parameters
……………………………………………………………..
71General fault criteria (GFC)
………………………………………………………
72

Application
…………………………………………………………………………
72Functionality
………………………………………………………………………
72Function block
……………………………………………………………………
73Logic diagram
…………………………………………………………………….
73Input and output signals
………………………………………………………
77Setting parameters
……………………………………………………………..
78Technical data
……………………………………………………………………
80

Power swing detection (PSD)
……………………………………………………
82Application
…………………………………………………………………………
82Functionality
………………………………………………………………………
82

Function block
……………………………………………………………………
83Logic diagram
…………………………………………………………………….
84Input and output signals
………………………………………………………
85Setting parameters
……………………………………………………………..
85Technical data
……………………………………………………………………
87

Scheme communication logic for distanceprotection functions
(ZCOM) …………………………………………………..
89

Application
…………………………………………………………………………
89Functionality
………………………………………………………………………
89Function block
……………………………………………………………………
90Logic diagram
…………………………………………………………………….
90Input and output signals
………………………………………………………
92

Setting parameters
……………………………………………………………..
93Technical data
……………………………………………………………………
93

Current reversal and WEI logic for distance protection
(ZCAL)……… 94Application
…………………………………………………………………………
94Functionality
………………………………………………………………………
94Function block
……………………………………………………………………
95Logic diagram
…………………………………………………………………….
96Input and output signals
………………………………………………………
97Setting parameters
……………………………………………………………..
99Technical data
……………………………………………………………………
99

Chapter 5 Current
……………………………………………………………….
101

Instantaneous overcurrent protection (IOC)
……………………………… 102Application
……………………………………………………………………….
102Functionality
…………………………………………………………………….
102Function block
………………………………………………………………….
102Logic diagram
…………………………………………………………………..
103Input and output signals
…………………………………………………….
103Setting parameters
……………………………………………………………
104Technical data
………………………………………………………………….
105

Time delayed overcurrent protection (TOC)
……………………………… 106Application
……………………………………………………………………….
106

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Contents

Functionality……………………………………………………………………..
106Function
block…………………………………………………………………..
106Logic diagram
…………………………………………………………………..
107Input and output
signals……………………………………………………..
107Setting parameters
……………………………………………………………
108Technical data
………………………………………………………………….
109

Two step time delayed phase overcurrent protection (TOC2)
……… 110Application
……………………………………………………………………….
110Functionality……………………………………………………………………..
110Function
block…………………………………………………………………..
110Logic diagram
…………………………………………………………………..
111Input and output
signals……………………………………………………..
111Setting parameters
……………………………………………………………
112Technical data
………………………………………………………………….
113

Two step time delayed directional phaseovercurrent protection
(TOC3) ………………………………………………..
115

Application
……………………………………………………………………….
115Functionality……………………………………………………………………..
115Function
block…………………………………………………………………..
116Logic diagram
…………………………………………………………………..
116Input and output
signals……………………………………………………..
120Setting parameters
……………………………………………………………
121Technical data
………………………………………………………………….
122

Definite and inverse time-delayed residualovercurrent protection
(TEF) …………………………………………………..
124

Application
……………………………………………………………………….
124Functionality……………………………………………………………………..
124Function
block…………………………………………………………………..
125

Logic diagram
…………………………………………………………………..
126Input and output
signals……………………………………………………..
127Setting parameters
……………………………………………………………
127

Scheme communication logic for residualovercurrent protection
(EFC) …………………………………………………
129

Application
……………………………………………………………………….
129Functionality……………………………………………………………………..
129Function
block…………………………………………………………………..
129Logic diagram
…………………………………………………………………..
130Input and output
signals……………………………………………………..
130Setting parameters
……………………………………………………………
131Technical data
………………………………………………………………….
131

Current reversal and weak end infeed logic for

residual overcurrent protection (EFCA)
……………………………………. 132Application
……………………………………………………………………….
132Design……………………………………………………………………………..
132Function
block…………………………………………………………………..
133Logic diagram
…………………………………………………………………..
133Input and output
signals……………………………………………………..
134Setting parameters
……………………………………………………………
135Technical data
………………………………………………………………….
135

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Chapter 6 Voltage
……………………………………………………………….
137

Time delayed undervoltage protection (TUV)
……………………………. 138

Application
……………………………………………………………………….
138Function block
………………………………………………………………….
138Logic diagram
…………………………………………………………………..
138Input and output signals
…………………………………………………….
139Setting parameters
……………………………………………………………
139Technical data
………………………………………………………………….
140

Time delayed overvoltage protection (TOV)
……………………………… 141Application
……………………………………………………………………….
141Functionality
…………………………………………………………………….
141Function block
………………………………………………………………….
141Logic diagram
…………………………………………………………………..
142Input and output signals
…………………………………………………….
142

Setting parameters
……………………………………………………………
143Technical data
………………………………………………………………….
144

Chapter 7 Secondary system supervision
…………………………… 145

Fuse failure supervision
(FUSE)………………………………………………
146Application
……………………………………………………………………….
146Functionality
…………………………………………………………………….
146Function block
………………………………………………………………….
146Logic diagram
…………………………………………………………………..
147Input and output signals
…………………………………………………….
148

Setting parameters
……………………………………………………………
148Technical data
………………………………………………………………….
149

Chapter 8 Control
……………………………………………………………….
151

Synchrocheck (SYN)
……………………………………………………………..
152Application
……………………………………………………………………….
152Functionality
…………………………………………………………………….
152Function block
………………………………………………………………….
153Logic diagram
…………………………………………………………………..
154Input and output signals
…………………………………………………….
155

Setting parameters
……………………………………………………………
156Technical data
………………………………………………………………….
158

Automatic reclosing function (AR)
…………………………………………… 159Application
……………………………………………………………………….
159Functionality
…………………………………………………………………….
159Function block
………………………………………………………………….
160Input and output signals
…………………………………………………….
160Setting parameters
……………………………………………………………
163Technical data
………………………………………………………………….
165

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Chapter 9
Logic…………………………………………………………………..
167

Trip logic (TR)
……………………………………………………………………….
168

Application
……………………………………………………………………….
168Functionality……………………………………………………………………..
168Function
block…………………………………………………………………..
169Logic diagram
…………………………………………………………………..
169Input and output
signals……………………………………………………..
173Setting parameters
……………………………………………………………
174Technical data
………………………………………………………………….
175

High speed binary output logic (HSBO)
……………………………………. 176Application
……………………………………………………………………….
176Functionality……………………………………………………………………..
176Function
block…………………………………………………………………..
176Logic diagram
…………………………………………………………………..
177Input and output
signals……………………………………………………..
178Setting parameters
……………………………………………………………
179

Serial
communication……………………………………………………………..
181Application, common
…………………………………………………………
181Design,
common……………………………………………………………….
181

Serial communication, SPA (SPA-bus V 2.4
protocol)………………… 183Application
……………………………………………………………………….
183Design……………………………………………………………………………..
183Setting parameters
……………………………………………………………
183Technical data
………………………………………………………………….
184

Serial communication, IEC (IEC 60870-5-103 protocol)
……………… 185Application
……………………………………………………………………….
185Design……………………………………………………………………………..
185

IEC 60870-5-103 information types
…………………………………….. 185Function
block…………………………………………………………………..
192Input and output
signals……………………………………………………..
192Setting parameters
……………………………………………………………
193Technical data
………………………………………………………………….
193

Serial communication, LON
…………………………………………………….
194Application
……………………………………………………………………….
194Design……………………………………………………………………………..
194Technical data
………………………………………………………………….
194

Event function (EV)
………………………………………………………………..
195Application
……………………………………………………………………….
195Design……………………………………………………………………………..
195

Function
block…………………………………………………………………..
196Input and output
signals……………………………………………………..
197Setting parameters
……………………………………………………………
198

Chapter 10
Monitoring…………………………………………………………..
201

Disturbance report (DRP)
……………………………………………………….
202Application
……………………………………………………………………….
202Functionality……………………………………………………………………..
202Function
block…………………………………………………………………..
203Input and output
signals……………………………………………………..
204

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Setting parameters
……………………………………………………………
204Technical data
………………………………………………………………….
207

Indications…………………………………………………………………………….
208

Application
……………………………………………………………………….
208Functionality
…………………………………………………………………….
208Disturbance recorder
……………………………………………………………..
209

Application
……………………………………………………………………….
209Functionality
…………………………………………………………………….
209Technical data
………………………………………………………………….
210

Event recorder
………………………………………………………………………
211Application
……………………………………………………………………….
211Design
…………………………………………………………………………….
211Technical data
………………………………………………………………….
211

Fault locator (FLOC)
………………………………………………………………
212Application
……………………………………………………………………….
212Functionality
…………………………………………………………………….
212

Function block
………………………………………………………………….
213Input and output signals
…………………………………………………….
213Setting parameters
……………………………………………………………
214Technical data
………………………………………………………………….
215

Monitoring of AC analogue measurements
………………………………. 216Application
……………………………………………………………………….
216Functionality
…………………………………………………………………….
216Function block
………………………………………………………………….
216Input and output signals
…………………………………………………….
217Setting parameters
……………………………………………………………
218Technical data
………………………………………………………………….
228

Monitoring of DC analogue measurements
………………………………. 229

Application
……………………………………………………………………….
229Function block
………………………………………………………………….
229Input and output signals
…………………………………………………….
229Setting parameters
……………………………………………………………
230Technical data
………………………………………………………………….
233

Chapter 11 Hardware
modules………………………………………………
235

Modules
……………………………………………………………………………….
236Transformer input module (TRM)
……………………………………………. 238

Design
…………………………………………………………………………….
238

Technical data
………………………………………………………………….
238A/D-conversion module (ADM)
……………………………………………….. 240

Design
…………………………………………………………………………….
240Binary I/O capabilities
…………………………………………………………….
241

Application
……………………………………………………………………….
241Design
…………………………………………………………………………….
241Technical data
………………………………………………………………….
241

Binary input module (BIM)
………………………………………………………
243Application
……………………………………………………………………….
243Design
…………………………………………………………………………….
243Function block
………………………………………………………………….
243Input and output signals
…………………………………………………….
243

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Binary output module (BOM)
…………………………………………………..
245Application
……………………………………………………………………….
245Design……………………………………………………………………………..
245Function
block…………………………………………………………………..
246Input and output
signals……………………………………………………..
246

Power supply module (PSM)
…………………………………………………..
247Application
……………………………………………………………………….
247Design……………………………………………………………………………..
247Function
block…………………………………………………………………..
247Input and output
signals……………………………………………………..
247Technical data
………………………………………………………………….
248

Human-machine-interface modules (HMI)
………………………………… 249Application
……………………………………………………………………….
249Design……………………………………………………………………………..
249Technical data
………………………………………………………………….
250

Serial communication modules
(SCM)……………………………………… 251

Design, SPA/IEC
………………………………………………………………
251Design, LON
…………………………………………………………………….
251Technical data
………………………………………………………………….
251

Chapter 12 Diagrams
…………………………………………………………….
253

Terminal diagrams
…………………………………………………………………
254Terminal diagram, REL 511-C1
………………………………………….. 254

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1

About this chapter Chapter 1

Introduction

Chapter 1 Introduction

About this chapter

This chapter introduces you to the manual as such.

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2

Introduction to the technical referencemanual

Chapter 1

Introduction

1 Introduction to the technical reference manual

1.1 About the complete set of manuals to a terminal

The complete package of manuals to a terminal is named users
manual (UM). The Us-

ers manual consists of four different manuals:

The Application Manual (AM) contains descriptions, such as
application and func-

tionality descriptions as well as setting calculation examples
sorted per function. The

application manual should be used when designing and engineering
the protection ter-

minal to find out where and for what a typical protection
function could be used. The

manual should also be used when calculating settings and
creating configurations.

The Technical Reference Manual (TRM) contains technical
descriptions, such as

function blocks, logic diagrams, input and output signals,
setting parameter tables and

technical data sorted per function. The technical reference
manual should be used as atechnical reference during the
engineering phase, installation and commissioning phase

and during the normal service phase.

The Operator´s Manual (OM) contains instructions on how to
operate the protection

terminal during normal service (after commissioning and before
periodic maintenance

tests). The operator´s manual could be used to find out how to
handle disturbances or

how to view calculated and measured network data in order to
determine the reason of

a fault.

The Installation and Commissioning Manual (ICM) contains
instructions on how to

install and commission the protection terminal. The manual can
also be used as a refer-

ence if a periodic test is performed. The manual covers
procedures for mechanical and

electrical installation, energising and checking of external
circuitry, setting and config-

uration as well as verifying settings and performing a
directionality test. The chapters

and sections are organised in the chronological order (indicated
by chapter/section

numbers) the protection terminal should be installed and
commissioned.

Application

manual

Technical

reference

manual

Installation and

commissioning

manual

Operator´s

manual

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3

Introduction to the technical referencemanual

Chapter 1

Introduction

1.2 Design of the Technical reference manual (TRM)

The description of each terminal related function follows the
same structure (where ap-

plicable):

Application

States the most important reasons for the implementation of a
particular protection

function.

Functionality/Design

Presents the general concept of a function.

Function block

Each function block is imaged by a graphical symbol.

Input signals are always on the left side, and output signals on
the right side. Settings

are not displayed. A special kind of settings are sometimes
available. These are sup-

posed to be connected to constants in the configuration scheme,
and are therefore de-

picted as inputs. Such signals will be found in the signal list
but described in the settings

table.

Figure 1: Function block symbol example

Logic diagram

The description of the design is chiefly based on simplified
logic diagrams, which use

IEC symbols, for the presentation of different functions,
conditions etc. The functions

are presented as a closed block with the most important internal
logic circuits and con-

figurable functional inputs and outputs.

Completely configurable binary inputs/outputs and functional
inputs/outputs enable the

user to prepare the REx 5xx with his own configuration of
different functions, accord-ing to application needs and standard
practice.

TUV

BLOCK

BLKTR

VTSU

TRIP

STL1

STL2

STL3

START

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4

Introduction to the technical referencemanual

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Introduction

Figure 2: Function block diagram example

The names of the configurable logic signals consist of two parts
divided by dashes. The

first part consists of up to four letters and presents the
abbreviated name for the corre-

sponding function. The second part presents the functionality of
the particular signal.

According to this explanation, the meaning of the signal
TUV—BLKTR is as follows.

• The first part of the signal, TUV- represents the adherence to
the Time delayed Un-

der-Voltage function.

• The second part of the signal name, BLKTR informs the user
that the signal will

BLocK the TRip from the under-voltage function, when its value
is a logical one (1).

Different binary signals have special symbols with the following
significance:

• Signals drawn to the box frame to the left present functional
input signals. It is pos-

sible to configure them to functional output signals of other
functions as well as to

binary input terminals of the REx 5xx terminal. Examples are
TUV—BLKTR, TUV-

-BLOCK and TUV—VTSU.Signals in frames with a shaded area on
their right side

present the logical setting signals. Their values are high (1)
only when the corre-

sponding setting parameter is set to the symbolic value
specified within the frame.

Example is the signal Operation = On. These signals are not
configurable. Their log-

ical values correspond automatically to the selected setting
value.The internal sig-

nals are usually dedicated to a certain function. They are
normally not available for

TUV—BLKTR

TUV—BLOCK

TUV—VTSU >1

STUL1

STUL2

&

&

&STUL3

Operation = On

>1& t

tt

15 msTUV—TRIP

TUV—START

TUV—STL1

TUV—STL2

TUV—STL3

t15 ms

t

15 ms

t

15 ms

t

15 ms

TRIP — cont.

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5

Introduction to the technical referencemanual

Chapter 1

Introduction

configuration purposes. Examples in are signals STUL1, STUL2 and
STUL3.The

functional output signals, drawn to the box frame to the right,
present the logical out-

puts of functions and are available for configuration purposes.
The user can config-

ure them to binary outputs from the terminal or to inputs of
different functions.Typical examples in are signals TUV—TRIP,
TUV—START etc.

Other internal signals configurated to other function blocks are
written on a line with an

identity and a cont. reference. An example is the signal TRIP —
cont. The signal can be

found in the corresponding function with the same identity.

Input and output signals

The signal lists contain all available input and output signals
of the function block, one

table for input signals and one for output signals.

Table 1: Input signals for the TUV (TUV—) function block

Table 2: Output signals for the TUV (TUV—) function block

Setting parameters

The setting parameters table contains all available settings of
the function block. If afunction consists of more than one block,
each block is listed in a separate table.

Signal Description

BLOCK Block undervoltage function

BLKTR Block of trip from time delayed undervoltage function

VTSU Block from voltage transformer circuit supervision

Signal DescriptionTRIP Trip by time delayed undervoltage
function

STL1 Start phase undervoltage phase L1

STL2 Start phase undervoltage phase L2

STL3 Start phase undervoltage phase L3

START Start phase undervoltage

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6

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Chapter 1

Introduction

Table 3: Setting parameters for the time delayed undervoltage
protection TUV(TUV—) function

Technical data

The technical data specifies the terminal in general, the
functions and the hardware

modules.

1.3 Related documents

Parameter Range Default Unit Description

Operation Off, On Off — Operating mode for TUV function

UPE< 10-100

Step: 1

70 % of

U1b

Operate phase voltage

t 0.000-

60.000

Step: 0.001

0.000 s Time delay

Documents related to REL 511-C1*2.3 Identity number

Operator’s manual 1MRK 506 096-UEN

Installation and commissioning manual 1MRK 506 098-UEN

Technical reference manual 1MRK 506 097-UEN

Application manual 1MRK 506 116-UEN

Technical overview brochure 1MRK 506 095-BEN

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About this chapter Chapter 2

General

Chapter 2 General

About this chapter

This chapter describes the terminal in general.

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Terminal identification Chapter 2

General

1 Terminal identification

1.1 General terminal parameters

Use the terminal identifiers to name the individual terminal for
identification purposes.

Use the terminal reports to check serial numbers of the terminal
and installed modules

and to check the firmware version.

Identifiers and reports are accessible by using the HMI as well
as by SMS or SCS sys-

tems.

Table 4: Set parameters for the general terminal parameters
function

1.2 Basic protection parameters

Path in HMI-tree: Configuration/AnalogInputs/General

Table 5: Setting parameters for analogInputs — General

Path in HMI-tree: Configuration/AnalogInputs/U1-U5

Parameter Range Default Unit Description

Station Name 0-16 Station

Name

char Identity name for the station

Station No 0-99999 0 — Identity number for the station

Object Name 0-16 Object

Name

char Identity name for the protected

object

Object No 0-99999 0 — Identity number for the protected

object

Unit Name 0-16 Unit Name char Identity name for the terminal

Unit No 0-99999 0 — Identity number for the terminal

Parameter Range Default Unit Description

CTEarth In/Out Out — Direction of CT earthing

fr 50, 60, 16

2/3

50 Hz System frequency

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Terminal identification Chapter 2

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Table 6: Analog Inputs — Voltage

Parameter Range Default Unit Description

U1r * 10.000 —

500.000

Step: 0.001

63.509 V Rated voltage of transformer on

input U1

U1b 30.000 —

500.000

Step:0.001

63.509 V Base voltage of input U1

U1Scale 1.000 —

20000.000

Step: 0.001

2000.000 — Main voltage transformer ratio, input

U1

Name_U1 0 — 13 U1 char User-defined name of input U1

U2r * 10.000 —

500.000

Step: 0.001

63.509 V Rated voltage of transformer on

input U2

U2b 30.000 —

500.000

Step: 0.001

63.509 V Base voltage of input U2

U2Scale 1.000 —

20000.000

Step: 0.001

2000.000 — Main voltage transformer ratio, input

U2

Name_U2 0 — 13 U2 char User-defined name of input U2

U3r * 10.000 —

500.000

Step: 0.001

63.509 V Rated voltage of transformer on

input U3

U3b 30.000 —

500.000

Step: 0.001

63.509 V Base voltage of input U3

U3Scale 1.000 —

20000.000

Step: 0.001

2000.000 — Main voltage transformer ratio, input

U3

Name_U3 0 — 13 U3 char User-defined name of input U3

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Terminal identification Chapter 2

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Table 7: Analog Inputs — Current

Parameter Range Default Unit Description

I1r * 0.1000 —

10.0000

Step:

0.0001

1.0000 A Rated current of transformer on

input I1

I1b 0.1 — 10.0

Step: 0.1

1.0 A Base current of input I1

I1Scale 1.000 —

40000.000

Step: 0.001

2000.000 — Main current transformer ratio,

input I1

Name_I1 0 — 13 I1 char User-defined name of input I1

I2r * 0.1000 —

10.0000

Step:

0.0001

1.0000 A Rated current of transformer on

input I2

I2b 0.1 — 10.0

Step: 0.1

1.0 A Base current of input I2

I2Scale 1.000 —

40000.000

Step:0.001

2000.000 — Main current transformer ratio,

input I2

Name_I2 0 — 13 I2 char User-defined name of input I2

I3r * 0.1000 —

10.0000

Step:

0.0001

1.0000 A Rated current of transformer on

input I3

I3b 0.1 — 10.0

Step: 0.1

1.0 A Base current of input I3

I3Scale 1.000 —

40000.000

Step: 0.001

2000.000 — Main current transformer ratio,

input I3

Name_I3 0 — 13 I3 char User-defined name of input I3

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Terminal identification Chapter 2

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1.3 Calendar and clock

Table 8: Calendar and clock

I4r * 0.1000 —

10.0000

Step:

0.0001

1.0000 A Rated current of transformer on

input I4

I4b 0.1 — 10.0

Step: 0.1

1.0 A Base current of input I4

I4Scale 1.000 —

40000.000

Step: 0.001

2000.000 — Main current transformer ratio,

input I4

Name_I4 0 — 13 I4 char User-defined name of input I4

I5r * 0.1000 —

10.0000

Step:

0.0001

1.0000 A Rated current of transformer on

input I5

I5b 0.1 — 10.0

Step: 0.1

1.0 A Base current of input I5

I5Scale 1.000 —

40000.000

Step: 0.001

2000.000 — Main current transformer ratio,

input I5

Name_I5 0 — 13 I5 char User-defined name of input I5

*) Setting is done through the local HMI only

Parameter Range Default Unit Description

Parameter Range

Built-in calender 30 years with leap years

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Technical data Chapter 2

General

2 Technical data

2.1 Case dimensions

Figure 3: Hardware structure of the 1/2 of full width 19”
case

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Technical data Chapter 2

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Diagrams (Dimensions)

96000309.tif

96000310.tif

Case

size

A B C D E F G H I J K

6U x 1/2 223.7 205.7 203.7 — —

6U x 3/4 265.9 336 204.1 245.1 255.8 318 190.5 316 — 227.6 —

6U x 1/1 448.3 430.3 428.3 465.1

*)

482.6

*) equal to 19” (mm)

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Technical data Chapter 2

General

Panel cut-outs for REx 500 series

Flush mounting Semi-flush mounting

97000025.tif97000026.tif

Case size

Cut-out dimensions (mm)

A+/-1 B+/-1

6U x 1/2 210.1 259.3

6U x 3/4 322.4 259.3

6U x 1/1 434.7 259.3

C = 4-10 mm

D = 16.5 mm

E = 187.6 mm without protection cover, 228.6 mm with protection
cover

F = 106.5 mm

G = 97.6 mm without protection cover, 138.6 mm with protection
cover

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Technical data Chapter 2

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The flush mounting kits are available in three designs, suitable
for 1/2, 3/4 or full width

terminals and consists of four fasteners (4) with appropriate
mounting details and a seal-

ing strip (1) providing IP54 class protection for fastening to
the terminal (5). The semi-

flush mounting kit adds a distance frame (2). An additional
sealing strip (3) can beordered for semiflush mounting to provide
IP54 class protection.

Figure 4: The flush mounting kit 

xx00000129.eps

1

2

3

4

5

6

xx01000049.vsden01000047.vsd

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Technical data Chapter 2

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2.2 Weight

Table 9: Weight

2.3 Unit

Table 10: Unit

2.4 Environmental properties

Table 11: Temperature and humidity influence

Case size (mm) A B C D E

6U x 1/2 292 267.1

6U x 3/4 404.3 379.4 272.8 390 247

6U x 1/1 516 491.1

Case size Weight

6U x 1/2 ≤ 8.5 kg

6U x 3/4 ≤ 11 kg

6U x 1/1 ≤ 18 kg

Material Steel sheet

Front plate Aluminium profile with cut-out for HMI

Surface treatment Aluzink preplated steel

Finish Light beige (NCS 1704-Y15R)

Degree of protection Front side: IP40, IP54 with optional
sealing strip Rear side: IP20

Parameter Rated value Nominal range Influence

Storage temperature — -40 °C to +70 °C —

Ambient temperature (duringoperation)

+20 °C -5 °C to +55 °C 0.01%/°C, within nomi-nal range

Correct function within

operative range

Relative humidity 10%-90% 10%-90% —

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Technical data Chapter 2

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Table 12: Auxiliary DC supply voltage influence on functionality
during operation

Table 13: Electromagnetic compatibility

Table 14: Insulation

Table 15: CE compliance

Dependence on: Within nominal

range

Within operative range

Ripple, max 12% or EL Negligible Correct function

Interrupted auxiliary

DC voltage

Without reset

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Technical data Chapter 2

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Table 16: Mechanical tests

Test Type test values Reference standards

Vibration Class I IEC 60255-21-1

Shock and bump Class I IEC 60255-21-2

Seismic Class I IEC 60255-21-3

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Technical data Chapter 2

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About this chapter Chapter 3

Common functions

Chapter 3 Common functions

About this chapter

This chapter presents the common functions in the terminal.

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22

Time synchronisation (TIME) Chapter 3

Common functions

1 Time synchronisation (TIME)

1.1 Application

Use the time synchronization source selector to select a common
source of absolute

time for the terminal when it is a part of a protection system.
This makes comparison of

events and disturbance data between all terminals in a system
possible.

1.2 Function block

1.3 Input and output signals

Table 17: Input signals for the TIME (TIME-) function block

Table 18: Output signals for the TIME (TIME-) function block

xx00000171.vsd

TIME-

TIME

MINSYNC

SYNCSRC

RTCERR

SYNCERR

Signal Description

MINSYNC Minute pulse input

SYNCSRC Synchronization source selector input. See settings
for

details.

Signal Description

RTCERR Real time clock error

SYNCERR Time synchronisation error

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Time synchronisation (TIME) Chapter 3

Common functions

1.4 Setting parameters

Table 19: Setting parameters for the time synchronization source
selector func-tion

Parameter Range Default Unit Description

SYNCSRC 0-5 0 — Selects the time synchronization

source:

0: No source. Internal real time clock

is used without fine tuning.

1: LON bus

2: SPA bus

3: IEC 870-5-103 bus

4: Minute pulse, positive flank

5: Minute pulse, negative flank

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Setting group selector (GRP) Chapter 3

Common functions

2 Setting group selector (GRP)

2.1 Application

Use the four sets of settings to optimize the terminal’s
operation for different system

conditions. By creating and switching between fine tuned setting
sets, either from the

human-machine interface or configurable binary inputs, results
in a highly adaptable

terminal that can cope with a variety of system scenarios.

2.2 Logic diagram

Figure 5: Connection of the function to external circuits

2.3 Function block

GRP—ACTGRP1

GRP—ACTGRP2

GRP—ACTGRP3

GRP—ACTGRP4

IOx-Bly1

IOx-Bly2

IOx-Bly3

IOx-Bly4

+RL2

∅

∅

∅

∅

en01000144.vsd

ACTIVATE GROUP 4

ACTIVATE GROUP 3

ACTIVATE GROUP 2

ACTIVATE GROUP 1

xx00000153.vsd

GRP—

ACTIVEGROUP

ACTGRP1

ACTGRP2

ACTGRP3

ACTGRP4

GRP1

GRP2

GRP3

GRP4

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Setting group selector (GRP) Chapter 3

Common functions

2.4 Input and output signals

Table 20: Input signals for the ACTIVEGROUP (GRP—) function
block

Table 21: Output signals for the ACTIVEGROUP (GRP—) function
block

Signal Description

ACTGRP1 Selects setting group 1 as active

ACTGRP2 Selects setting group 2 as active

ACTGRP3 Selects setting group 3 as active

ACTGRP4 Selects setting group 4 as active

Signal Description

GRP1 Setting group 1 is active

GRP2 Setting group 2 is active

GRP3 Setting group 3 is active

GRP4 Setting group 4 is active

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Setting lockout (HMI) Chapter 3

Common functions

3 Setting lockout (HMI)

3.1 Application

Unpermitted or uncoordinated changes by unauthorized personnel
may cause severe

damage to primary and secondary power circuits. Use the setting
lockout function to

prevent unauthorized setting changes and to control when setting
changes are allowed.

By adding a key switch connected to a binary input a simple
setting change control cir-

cuit can be built simply allowing only authorized keyholders to
make setting changes

from the built-in HMI.

3.2 Function block

3.3 Logic diagram

Figure 6: Connection and logic diagram for the BLOCKSET
function

xx00000154.vsd

SETTING RESTRICTION

BLOCKSET

SettingRestrict=BlockRESTRICT

SETTINGS

HMI—BLOCKSET

&SWITCH

WITH KEY

+

Rex 5xx

en01000152.vsd

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Setting lockout (HMI) Chapter 3

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3.4 Input and output signals

Table 22: Input signals for the SETTING RESTRICTION function
block

3.5 Setting parameters

Table 23: Setting parameters for the setting lockout
function

Signal Description

BLOCKSET Input signal to block setting and/or configuration
changes

from the local HMI. WARNING: Read the instructions
before

use. Default configuration to NONE-NOSIGNAL.

Parameter Range Default Unit Description

SettingRestrict Open,Block

Open — Open: Setting parameters can bechanged.

Block: Setting parameters can only

be changed if the logic state of the

BLOCKSET input is zero.

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I/O system configurator (IOP) Chapter 3

Common functions

4 I/O system configurator (IOP)

4.1 Application

The I/O system configurator must be used in order for the
terminal’s software to recog-

nize added modules and to create internal address mappings
between modules and pro-

tections and other functions.

4.2 Logic diagram

Figure 7: Example of an I/O-configuration in the graphical tool
CAP 531 for a REx 5xx

with two BIMs.

IOP1-

S11

S14

S15

S16

S17

S18

S13

S12

S19

S20

S21

S23

S22

I/OPosition

S24

S25

S26

S27

S28

S30

S32

S34

S36

IO01-

IO02-

I/O-module

I/O-module

POSITION ERROR

BI1

BI6

.

.

.

POSITION ERROR

BI1

BI6

.

.

.

en01000143.vsd

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I/O system configurator (IOP) Chapter 3

Common functions

4.3 Function block

4.4 Input and output signals

Table 24: Output signals for the I/OPOSITION (IOPn-) function
block

xx00000238.vsd

IOP1-

I/OPOSITION

S11

S12

S13

S14

S15

S16

S17

S18

S19

S20

S21

S22

S23

S24

S25

S26

S27S28

S29

S30

S31

S32

S33

S34

S35

S36

Signal Description

Snn Slot position nn (nn=11-39)

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Self supervision (INT) Chapter 3

Common functions

5 Self supervision (INT)

5.1 Application

Use the local HMI, SMS or SCS system to view the status of the
self-supervision func-

tion. The self-supervision operates continuously and
includes:

• Normal micro-processor watchdog function

• Checking of digitized measuring signals

• Checksum verification of PROM contents and all types of signal
communication

5.2 Function block

xx00000169.vsd

INT—

INTERNSIGNALS

FAIL

WARNING

CPUFAIL

CPUWARN

ADC

SETCHGD

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Self supervision (INT) Chapter 3

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5.3 Logic diagram

Figure 8: Hardware self-supervision, potential-free alarm
contact.

Power supply fault

WatchdogTX overflowMaster resp.Supply fault

ReBoot I/O

Checksum fault

Sending reports

DSP fault

Supply faultParameter check

Power supplymodule

I/O nodes

A/D conv.module

Main CPU

&

Fault

Fault

Fault

Fault

INTERNALFAIL

I/O nodes = BIM, BOM, IOM  PSM, MIM or DCMDSP = Digital
Signal Processorxxxx = Inverted signal

99000034.vsd

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Self supervision (INT) Chapter 3

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Figure 9: Software self-supervision, function block INTernal
signals

Checksum

Node reports

Synch error

NO RX Data

NO TX Clock

Check RemError

&

>1

>1

INT—ADC

Send Rem Error

OK

OK

>1TIME-RTCERR INT—CPUWARN

>1

TIME-SYNCERR

RTC-WARNING

INT—CPUWARN

INT—WARNING

Watchdog

Check CRC

RAM check

DSP Modules, 1-12

OK

OK

OK&

OKINT—CPUFAIL

Parameter check

Watchdog

Flow control

&

OK

OK

OK&

>1

INT—CPUFAIL

INT—ADC

I/O node FAILINT—FAIL

Start-up self-test Fault

MainCPU

Remoteterminal

communication

A/D Converter

Module

RTC-WARNING = DIFL-COMFAIL or  RTC1-COMFAIL +

  RTC2-COMFAIL

I/O node = BIM, BOM, IOM, PSM, MIM, DCM  (described in the
hardware design)

99000035.vsd

>1

RTC-WARNING

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Self supervision (INT) Chapter 3

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5.4 Input and output signals

Table 25: Output signals for the INTERNSIGNALS (INT—) function
block

5.5 Technical data

Table 26: Internal event list

Signal Description

FAIL Internal fail status

WARNING Internal warning status

CPUFAIL CPU module fail status

CPUWARN CPU module warning status

ADC A/D-converter error

SETCHGD Setting changed

Data Value

Recording manner Continuous, event controlled

List size 40 events, first in-first out

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Logic function blocks Chapter 3

Common functions

6 Logic function blocks

6.1 Application

The user can with the available logic function blocks build
logic functions and config-

ure the terminal to meet application specific requirements.

Different protection, control, and monitoring functions within
the REx 5xx terminals

are quite independent as far as their configuration in the
terminal is concerned. The user

can not change the basic algorithms for different functions. But
these functions com-

bined with the logic function blocks can be used to create
application specific function-

ality.

6.2 Inverter function block (INV)

The inverter function block INV has one input and one output,
where the output is in

inverse ratio to the input.

Table 27: Input signals for the INV (IVnn-) function block

Table 28: Output signals for the INV (IVnn-) function block

6.3 OR function block (OR)

The OR function is used to form general combinatory expressions
with boolean vari-

ables. The OR function block has six inputs and two outputs. One
of the outputs is in-

verted.

Signal Description

INPUT Logic INV-Input to INV gate

Signal Description

Out Logic INV-Output from INV gate

xx00000158.vsd

IV01-

INV

INPUT OUT

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Logic function blocks Chapter 3

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Table 29: Input signals for the OR (Onnn-) function block

Table 30: Output signals for the OR (Onnn-) function block

6.4 AND function block (AND)

The AND function is used to form general combinatory expressions
with boolean vari-

ables.The AND function block has four inputs and two outputs.
One of the inputs and

one of the outputs are inverted.

Signal Description

INPUT1 Input 1 to OR gate

INPUT2 Input 2 to OR gate

INPUT3 Input 3 to OR gate

INPUT4 Input 4 to OR gate

INPUT5 Input 5 to OR gate

INPUT6 Input 6 to OR gate

Signal Description

OUT Output from OR gate

NOUT Inverted output from OR gate

xx00000159.vsd

O001-

OR

INPUT1

INPUT2

INPUT3

INPUT4

INPUT5

INPUT6

OUT

NOUT

xx00000160.vsd

A001-

AND

INPUT1

INPUT2INPUT3

INPUT4N

OUT

NOUT

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Logic function blocks Chapter 3

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Table 31: Input signals for the AND (Annn-) function block

Table 32: Output signals for the AND (Annn-) function block

6.5 Timer function block (TM)

The function block TM timer has drop-out and pick-up delayed
outputs related to the

input signal. The timer has a settable time delay (parameter T)
between 0.000 and

60.000 s in steps of 0.001 s.

Table 33: Input signals for the TIMER (TMnn-) function block

Table 34: Output signals for the TIMER (TMnn-) function
block

Signal Description

INPUT1 Input 1 to AND gate

INPUT2 Input 2 to AND gate

INPUT3 Input 3 to AND gate

INPUT4N Input 4 (inverted) to AND gate

Signal Description

OUT Output from AND gate

NOUT Inverted output from AND gate

Signal Description

INPUT Input to timer

T Time value. See setting parameters

Signal Description

OFF Output from timer, drop-out delayed

ON Output from timer , pick-up delayed

xx00000161.vsd

TM01-

TIMER

INPUTT

OFFON

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6.5.1 Setting parameters

Table 35: Setting parameters for the Timer (TMnn-) function

6.6 Timer long function block (TL)

The function block TL timer with extended maximum time delay at
pick-up and at drop-

out, is identical with the TM timer. The difference is the
longer time delay, settable be-

tween 0.0 and 90000.0 s in steps of 0.1 s

Table 36: Input signals for the TIMERLONG (TLnn-) function
block

Table 37: Output signals for the TIMERLONG (TLnn-) function
block

6.6.1 Setting parameters

Table 38: Setting parameters for the TimerLong (TLnn-)
function

Parameter Range Default Unit Description

T 0.000-

60.000

Step: 0.001

0.000 s Delay for timer nn

Signal Description

INPUT Input to long timer

T Time value. See setting parameters

Signal Description

OFF Output from long timer, drop-out delayed

ON Output from long timer, pick-up delayed

xx00000162.vsd

TL01-

TIMERLONG

INPUT

T

OFF

ON

Parameter Range Default Unit Description

T 0.0-90000.0

Step:0.1

0.0 s Delay for TLnn function

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Logic function blocks Chapter 3

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6.7 Pulse timer function block (TP)

The pulse function can be used, for example, for pulse
extensions or limiting of opera-

tion of outputs. The pulse timer TP has a settable length of a
pulse between 0.000 s and60.000 s in steps of 0.010 s.

Table 39: Input signals for the TP (TPnn-) function block

Table 40: Output signals for the TP (TPnn-) function block

6.7.1 Setting parameters

Table 41: Setting parameters for the Pulse (TPnn-) function

6.8 Extended length pulse function block (TQ)

The function block TQ pulse timer with extended maximum pulse
length, is identical

with the TP pulse timer. The difference is the longer pulse
length, settable between 0.0

and 90000.0 s in steps of 0.1 s.

Signal Description

INPUT Input to pulse timer

T Pulse length. See setting parameters

Signal Description

OUT Output from pulse timer

xx00000163.vsd

TP01-

PULSE

INPUT

T

OUT

Parameter Range Default Unit Description

T 0.000-

60.000

Step:0.010

0.010 s Pulse length

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Table 42: Input signals for the PULSELONG (TQnn-) function
block

Table 43: Output signals for the PULSELONG (TQnn-) function
block

6.8.1 Setting parameters

Table 44: Setting parameters for the PulseLong (TQnn-)
function

6.9 Exclusive OR function block (XO)

The exclusive OR function XOR is used to generate combinatory
expressions with

boolean variables. The function block XOR has two inputs and two
outputs. One of the

outputs is inverted. The output signal is 1 if the input signals
are different and 0 if they

are equal.

Signal Description

INPUT Input to pulse long timer

T Pulse length. See setting parameters

Signal Description

OUT Output from pulse long timer

xx00000164.vsd

TQ01-

PULSELONG

INPUT

T

OUT

Parameter Range Default Unit Description

T 0.0-90000.0

Step: 0.1

0.0 s Pulse length

xx00000165.vsd

XO01-

XOR

INPUT1

INPUT2

OUT

NOUT

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Logic function blocks Chapter 3

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Table 45: Input signals for the XOR (XOnn-) function block

Table 46: Output signals for the XOR (XOnn-) function block

6.10 Set-reset function block (SR)

The Set-Reset (SR) function is a flip-flop that can set or reset
an output from two inputs

respectively. Each SR function block has two outputs, where one
is inverted.

Table 47: Input signals for the SR (SRnn-) function block

Table 48: Output signals for the SR (SRnn-) function block

Signal Description

INPUT1 Input 1 to XOR gate

INPUT2 Input 2 to XOR gate

Signal Description

OUT Output from XOR gate

NOUT Inverted output from XOR gate

Signal Description

SET Input to SR flip-flop

RESET Input to SR flip-flop

Signal Description

OUT Output from SR flip-flop

NOUT Inverted output from SR flip-flop

xx00000166.vsd

SR01-

SR

SET

RESET

OUT

NOUT

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6.11 Set-reset with memory function block (SM)

The Set-Reset function SM is a flip-flop with memory that can
set or reset an output

from two inputs respectively. Each SM function block has two
outputs, where one isinverted. The memory setting controls if the
flip-flop after a power interruption will re-

turn the state it had before or if it will be reset.

Table 49: Input signals for the SRM (SMnn-) function block

Table 50: Output signals for the SRM (SMnn-) function block

Table 51: Setting parameters for the SRM (SMnn-) function

6.12 Controllable gate function block (GT)

The GT function block is used for controlling if a signal should
be able to pass from the

input to the output or not depending on a setting.

Signal Description

SET Input to SRM flip-flop

RESET Input to SRM flip-flop

Signal Description

OUT Output from SRM flip-flop

NOUT Inverted output from SRM flip-flop

Parameter Range Default Unit Description

Memory Off/On Off — Operating mode of the memory

function

xx00000382.vsd

SM01-

SRM

SET

RESET

OUT

NOUT

xx00000380.vsd

GT01-

GT

INPUT OUT

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Logic function blocks Chapter 3

Common functions

Table 52: Input signals for the GT (GTnn-) function block

Table 53: Output signals for the GT (GTnn-) function block

6.12.1 Setting parameters

Table 54: Setting parameters for the GT (GTnn-) function

6.13 Settable timer function block (TS)

The function block TS timer has outputs for delayed input signal
at drop-out and at

pick-up. The timer has a settable time delay between 0.00 and
60.00 s in steps of 0.01 s.

It also has an Operation setting On, Off that controls the
operation of the timer.

Table 55: Input signals for the TS (TSnn-) function block

Table 56: Output signals for the TS (TSnn-) function block

Signal Description

INPUT Input to gate

Signal Description

Out Output from gate

Parameter Range Default Unit Description

Operation Off/On Off — Operating mode for GTn function

Signal Description

INPUT Input to timer

Signal Description

ON Output from timer, pick-up delayed

OFF Output from timer, drop-out delayed

xx00000381.vsd

TS01-

TS

INPUT ON

OFF

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Logic function blocks Chapter 3

Common functions

6.13.1 Setting parameters

Table 57: Setting parameters for the TS (TSn-) function

6.14 Technical data

Table 58: Available logic function blocks

Parameter Range Default Unit Description

Operation Off/On Off — Operating mode for TSn function

T 0.00-60.00

Step: 0.01

0.00 s Delay for settable timer n

Update rate Block Availability

6 ms AND 30 gates

OR 60 gates

INV 20 inverters

TM 10 timers

TP 10 pulse timers

SM 5 flip-flops

GT 5 gates

TS 5 timers

200 ms TL 10 timers

TQ 10 pulse timers

SR 5 flip-flops

XOR 39 gates

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Blocking of signals during test Chapter 3

Common functions

7 Blocking of signals during test

7.1 Application

The protection and control terminals have a complex
configuration with many included

functions. To make the testing procedure easier, the terminals
include the feature to in-

dividually block a single, several or all functions.

This means that it is possible to see when a function is
activated or trips. It also enables

the user to follow the operation of several related functions to
check correct functional-

ity and to check parts of the configuration etc.

7.2 Function block

7.3 Input and output signals

Table 59: Input signals for the Test (TEST-) function block

Table 60: Output signals for the Test (TEST-) function block

TEST-

TEST

INPUT ACTIVE

en01000074.vsd

Signal Description

INPUT Sets terminal in test mode when active

Signal Description

ACTIVE Terminal in test mode

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About this chapter Chapter 4

Line impedance

Chapter 4 Line impedance

About this chapter

This chapter describes the line impedance functions in the
terminal.

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Distance protection (ZM) Chapter 4

Line impedance

1 Distance protection (ZM)

1.1 Application

The ZM distance protection function provides fast and reliable
protection for overhead

lines and power cables in all kinds of power networks. For each
independent distance

protection zone, full scheme design provides continuous
measurement of impedance

separately in three independent phase-to-phase measuring loops
as well as in three in-

dependent phase-to-earth measuring loops.

Phase-to-phase distance protection is suitable as a basic
protection function against

two- and three-phase faults in all kinds of networks, regardless
of the treatment of the

neutral point. Independent setting of the reach in the reactive
and the resistive direction

for each zone separately, makes it possible to create fast and
selective short circuit pro-

tection in power systems.

Phase-to-earth distance protection serves as basic earth fault
protection in networks

with directly or low impedance earthed networks. Together with
an independent phase

preference logic, it also serves as selective protection
function at cross-country faults in

isolated or resonantly earthed networks.

Independent reactive reach setting for phase-to-phase and for
phase-to-earth measure-

ment secures high selectivity in networks with different
protective relays used for short-

circuit and earth-fault protection.

R

 jX

Rph-eRph-ph

Xph-e

Xph-ph

Zline

98000062.vmf

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Distance protection (ZM) Chapter 4

Line impedance

Figure 10: Schematic presentation of the operating
characteristic for one distance pro-

tection zone in forward direction

Distance protection with simplified setting parameters is
available on request. It uses

the same algorithm as the basic distance protection function.
Simplified setting param-

eters reduce the complexity of necessary setting procedures and
make the operating

characteristic automatically more adjusted to the needs in
combined networks.

Where:

Xph-e = reactive reach for ph-e faults

Xph-ph = reactive reach for ph-ph faults

Rph-e = resistive reach for ph-e faults

Rph-ph = resistive reach for ph-ph faults

Zline = line impedance

 R

xx00000713.vsd

 jX

RFPERFPP

X

Zline

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Distance protection (ZM) Chapter 4

Line impedance

Figure 11: Schematic presentation of the operating
characteristic for one distance pro-

tection zone in forward direction with simplified setting
parameters

The distance protection zones can operate, independently of each
other, in directional

(forward or reverse) or non-directional mode. This makes it
suitable, together with dif-ferent communication schemes, for the
protection of power lines and cables in complex

network configurations, such as double-circuit, parallel lines,
multiterminal lines, etc.

Zone 1, 2 and 3 can issue phase selective signals, such as start
and trip.

The additional distance protection zones four and five have the
same basic functionality

as zone 1-3, but lack the possibility of issuing phase selective
output signals.

Distance protection zone 5 has shorter operating time than other
zones, but also higher

transient overreach. It should generally be used as a check zone
together with the SOTF

switch onto fault function or as a time delayed zone with time
delay set longer than

100ms.

Basic distance protection function is generally suitable for use
in non-compensated net-

works. A special addition to the basic functions is available
optionally for use on series

compensated and adjacent lines where voltage reversals might
disturb the correct direc-

tional discrimination of a basic distance protection.

1.2 Functionality

Separate digital signal processors calculate the impedance as
seen for different measur-

ing loops in different distance protection zones. The results
are updated each millisec-

ond, separately for all measuring loops and each distance
protection zone. Measurement

of the impedance for each loop follows the differential
equation, which considers com-

plete line replica impedance, as presented schematically in
figure 12.

Where:

X = reactive reach for all kinds of faults

RFPP = resistive reach for phase-to-phase faults

RFPE = resistive reach for phase-to-earth faults

Zline = line impedance

u t( ) R l Rf+( ) i t( )Xlω——

∆i t( )∆t

————⋅+⋅=

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Distance protection (ZM) Chapter 4

Line impedance

Figure 12: Schematic presentation of impedance measuring
principle.

Settings of all line parameters, such as positive sequence
resistance and reactance aswell as zero-sequence resistance and
reactance, together with expected fault resistance

for phase-to-phase and phase-to-earth faults, are independent
for each zone. The oper-

ating characteristic is thus automatically adjusted to the line
characteristic angle, if the

simplified operating characteristic has not been especially
requested. The earth-return

compensation factor for the earth-fault measurement is
calculated automatically by the

terminal itself.

Voltage polarization for directional measurement uses continuous
calculation and up-

dating of the positive sequence voltage for each measuring loop
separately. This secures

correct directionality of the protection at different evolving
faults within the complex

network configurations. A memory retaining the pre-fault
positive-sequence voltage se-cures reliable directional operation
at close-up three-phase faults.

Where:

Rl = line resistance

Rf = fault resistance

Xl = line reactance

ω 2πf

f = frequency

Rl

 jXl

Rfu(t)

  i(t)

98000063.vmf

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Distance protection (ZM) Chapter 4

Line impedance

The distance protection function blocks are independent of each
other for each zone.

Each function block comprises a number of different functional
inputs and outputs,

which are freely configurable to different external functions,
logic gates, timers and bi-

nary inputs and outputs. This makes it possible to influence the
operation of the com-plete measuring zone or only its tripping
function by the operation of fuse-failure

function, power swing detection function, etc.

1.3 Function block, zone 1- 3

Figure 13: ZM1 function block for single, two and/or three phase
tripping

Figure 14: ZM1 function block for three phase tripping

Figure 15: ZM2 function block for single, two and/or three phase
tripping

xx00000173.vsd

ZM1—

ZM1

BLOCK

BLKTR

VTSZ

STCND

TRIP

TRL1

TRL2

TRL3

START

STL1

STL2

STL3

STND

xx00000702.vsd

ZM1—

ZM1

BLOCK

BLKTR

VTSZ

STCND

TRIP

START

STND

xx00000174.vsd

ZM2—

ZM2

BLOCK

BLKTR

VTSZ

STCND

TRIP

TRL1

TRL2

TRL3

START

STL1

STL2

STL3STND

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Distance protection (ZM) Chapter 4

Line impedance

Figure 16: ZM2 function block for three phase tripping

Figure 17: ZM3 function block for single, two and/or three phase
tripping

Figure 18: ZM3 function block for three phase tripping

1.4 Function block, zone 4

Figure 19: ZM4 function block 

xx00000703.vsd

ZM2—

ZM2

BLOCK

BLKTRVTSZ

STCND

TRIP

STARTSTND

xx00000175.vsd

ZM3—

ZM3

BLOCK

BLKTR

VTSZ

STCND

TRIP

TRL1

TRL2

TRL3

START

STL1STL2

STL3

STND

xx00000704.vsd

ZM3—

ZM3

BLOCK

BLKTR

VTSZ

STCND

TRIP

START

STND

xx00000176.vsd

ZM4—

ZM4

BLOCK

BLKTR

VTSZ

STCND

TRIP

START

STND

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Distance protection (ZM) Chapter 4

Line impedance

1.5 Function block, zone 5

Figure 20: ZM5 function block

1.6 Logic diagram

Figure 21: Conditioning by a group functional input signal
ZM1—STCND

xx00000177.vsd

ZM5—ZM5

BLOCK

BLKTR

VTSZ

STCND

TRIP

START

STND

99000557.vsd

ZM1L1L2

ZM1L2L3

ZM1L3L1

&

&

&

&

&

&

ZM1L1N

ZM1L2N

ZM1L3N

ZM1—STCND

STNDL1L2-cont.

STNDL2L3-cont.

STNDL3L1-cont.

STNDL1N-cont.

STNDL2N-cont.

STNDL3N-cont.

STZMPP-cont.

STNDPE-cont.

&ZM1—BLOCK

ZM1—VTSZ ZM1—STND

BLK-cont.

>1

>1

>1

>1

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Distance protection (ZM) Chapter 4

Line impedance

Figure 22: Composition of starting signals in non-directional
operating mode

en00000488.vsd

STNDL1N-cont.

STNDL2N-cont.

STNDL3N-cont.

STNDL1L2-cont.

STNDL2L3-cont.

STNDL3L1-cont.

>1

>1

>1

>1

&

&

&

&

BLK-cont.

t15 ms

t15 ms

t15 ms

t15 ms

ZM1—START

ZM1—STL3

ZM1—STL2

ZM1—STL1

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Distance protection (ZM) Chapter 4

Line impedance

Figure 23: Composition of starting signals in directional
operating mode

en00000489.vsd

STNDL1N-cont.

DIRL1N &

&

STNDL2N-cont.

DIRL2N

&

STNDL3N-cont.

DIRL3N

&STNDL1L2-cont.

DIRL1L2

&

STNDL2L3-cont.

DIRL2L3

&STNDL3L1-cont.

DIRL3L1

>1

>1

>1

>1

>1

&g