Руководство по конструированию жбк 1978

Комментарии

Комментарии могут оставлять только зарегистрированные
участники
Авторизоваться

                    fOCY)J.apCTBC'HHUH
npOeKTHblH
IIHCTHTYT
JIel-nUlrpa)J.CI{Hii
npOMCTpOMnpO
I<T
fOCCTpOH CCCP


UeHTpaJ1bHblii
HaYQHO-
IICCJIe,ll.,OB3TeJlh"
CKIIU II npoeKTHo-
SI{CnepHMeHT3J1b-
..
HbIH nHCTHTYT
npO
1UJllJleHHbIX
S)J.3I1HH
H COOpYiKellHH
rOCCTpOH CCCP


HaYQHo-
HCCJ1eJl.OBa TeJth-
CKHM nHCTlITYT
OeTOH3
I{ }({eJle300eTOH8
fOCCTpOH CCCP


PYKOBOLlCTBO
no KOHCTPYI1POBAHHIO
BETOHHbIX
H' )KEJlE30BETOHHbIX
KOHCTPYKLLHYI
113 T5I)KEJIOrO BETOHA
(BE3 nPELLBAPI1TEJlbHOrO
HAn P5I)KE HI151)






1.1 0 C I( B ACT P 0 I:III 3 JI A T 1978


-




PeI<OMeH,lI.OBaHO K H3A8HHIO peWeHHeM TeXHHlJecKorO
COBeT8 neHUHrpaJI.CKOrO npOMCTpoilnpoeI{T8. ..
PYKOBOACTBO no I{OHCTPYHPOB8HHIO 6eTOHHblX H >KeJIe-
a06eTOHHbIX I{OHCTPYKI(HH 113 TSl1KeJK)ro oeTOHa (oea npeJI.-
B8pHTeJlbHOrO HanpH>KeHHSl/rnH neHHHrp. npOMCTpOUJIPO..
eKT rOCCTpOH CCCP, UHHHnpOM3
aHUH rOCCTpOH CCCP,
HHM)I(B rOCCTpOH CCCP. - M.: CTpOHH3.D.aT, 1978.
-175 c.
PYI{OBO.D.CTBO COJlep>KHT nOJIOJKeHHH rJIaBbI CIIHn
11-21-75 H MaTepHan, Heo6xo.D.HMblH npOeI{THpOBIllHKaM, 38.
HHMalOll(UMCH KOIICTPYHPOB8lUIeM 6eTOHHblX H >KeJle300eTOH-
u
HbIX 9JIeMeHTOB 3AaHIIH pas..'IIi'lHOrO RaSHaqeHHH, B OCHOB-
HOM D.nfl npOMbIwneHHoro CTpOHTenbCTBa. npHBe,neHbI coo-
CO()bI KOHCTPYHpOBaHHH HaH60nee pacnpOCTpaHeHHbIX
KOHCTPYKUHH c60pHoro H MOI10JIHTHOrO HcnO
HeHH
 cap-
MHp088HHeM KaK CBapHbtMH, T8K H BH3aHbIMH apMaTypHbIMH
KapK8C8MH " ceTKaMH.
,L{alOTcH T8IOKe peKOMeHJlal.{HH no npoeKTHpOB8HHIO
apM8TypHblX H3AeJIHH H 38KJla.n.HbIX AeTaneM.
PYKOBO
cr:BO IIpeJJ.H83H8t.1eHO AnSI RH>KeHepOB H TeXHII..
KOB - npoeKTHpOBIl{IIKOB, 8 TaKJKe AJIH CTy.n.eHTOB crpOJI"
TeJIbHblX BY30B.


at 80213-638
841f4H )-7-8


63 26-32-78


@ CTpoiiwAaT, 1978




npEJ(HCJJOBHE


B H8CTOBIlleM PYI{OBO
CTBe 113J10>KeHbI OCHOBHbJe npHHI(HDbI KOHCT-
PYUPOO8HMH HaaOOJIee MaCCOBbIX 3ne",eHTOB "3 TjJ>Ke
J]Oro oeTOH8" a TaK-
)l{e npIlBeJleHbI no,npo6HbIe ,naHHbIe no apMHpOB8HHIO KOHCTPYKIJ.UH, aH"
v
lepoBKe II CTbIKOBKe aptv1aTypbI, KOHCTpy"pOBaHHIO apMaTypHbIX U3AeJIJfH
" 3!t,KJ(8)JJlbIX neT8JJeii HAP.
HacTOBLUee PYKOBO,nCTBO MO>KHO HCfiOJIb30BaTb H npH KQHCTpy"PO..
BaHHH npeJJ;BapHTeJ1bHO- HanpH}l{eHHbIX 3JIeMeHTOB (B qaCTH OOblQHOH ap..
M8TYPbI) HapjJAY C YKa3aHHB
IH cneUJl8J1bHblX PYKOBO,ltCTB.
PYKPBO
CTBO p83pa6oTauo B cooTBeTCTBH
 C nOn01KeHHH
H rnaBU
CHun 11-21-75 «EeTOHHue, H 1KeJle306eTOHH.bIe KOHCTpyKIlUU». .
BY1<BeHHble 0603Ha.qeHHH, npHBe.n.eHHhle ()es nOS1CHeHHH, COOT
eTCT8Y"
lOT 0603Ha l JeHHHM rJIaBbI CHun 11-21-75.
fipHBe,neHHble B PYI{OBoJJ.cTBe PHCYHKH He .n.OJI>KHbI paCCMaTpHBaTb"
CH K8K JlpHMepl:a1 rpacl>UqeCKOrO ocIJopMJIeHHR pa60QHX QepTe1KeA.
PYKOBOACTBO pa3pa6OTaHo f
H neH1tHrpa)1CKH
 npoMcJ'poiinpoeKT
(HH)K. r. f. BHHorpaAoB) C yqaCTHeM UHI1Hnpo:M3AaHHi'i: u HHH)I(B
rOCCTPP1l! .CCCP. npH 9TOM 6bInH UCI!OJIb30BaHbl

TepHaJlhl
llHJIcI>XMMa H Tn8 rJl8BMOCnpOMcTpoliMaTepiJanOB,. KT
 . Mocopr...
C1'poAMaTepuanOB H fHnpOCTpoMMama MHIICTpOHltopMama CCCP.
3aMeqaHHH H npe
AO

HHH no PYKOBO
CTBY npocb6a HanpaB
ftTb
no 8APecy: 196190, neBHHrpa.ll. , neHBHcKHH 'npocneKT, A. 160, J1eHHH.
rpaAC({Hii- npOMcTpoHnpoeKT.


1




1. OCHOBHblE nOJlO)l(EHHSI


1.1. H3CToH
ee PYI{OBO,nCTBO p3cnpocTp3HHeTCg Ha KOHCTpYHpoBa-
IIIIC 6eToHHblX II }I<ene306eToHHbIX 9nCMeHTOB 6e3 npe.nBapnTeJIbHOrO ua..
llpsuKeHHH t BblnonHHeMblX H3 TH>KeJiOrO 6eToH3 AnH 3,l1,3HHH H coopY>Ke-
ilHit 3KcrrnyaTHpyeMblx np" CHCTeM3THtIeCKOM Bos
eHcTBHH TeMnep3TYP
He BbIwe 50 II He HH>Ke MUHYC 70° C.
n p Ii M e q 3 H If e. PYKOBO,nCTBO He pacnpOCTpaHHeTCH H3 I{OHCTPYH-
pOBaHHe 3neMeHTOB rU,l1,pOTeXHHQecI{HX COOPY>KeHUH, MOCTOB. TpaHcnopT-
JJbIX TOHlle
1JeH, Tpy6 nOJ( H3CbInHMH, nOI{pblTHH 3BTOM06HJIbHbIX Aopor H
33pO.npOMOB, 3 T3K>Ke 3pMOIJ.elteHTHbIX I{OHCTPYI{l(HH H I{OHCTPYKIUIH 1-13
cuenHanbHblX 6eTOHOB.
1.2. PYI{OBO!(CTBO Opl-leHTHpOB8HO B OCHOBHOM H3 npOeI{THpOBmH"
IOB, ' 38 HHMalOmHXCH KOHCTPYUPOB3 HueM 6eTOHHblX H >KeJIe306eTOHlibIX
9JJeMCHTOB 3,naHIIU U coopY>KeHHH AJIH npOMblIllJIeHHOTO CTpOHTenbCTBa.
O,l1,HaKO MaTepHan PYKOBO,l1,CTB3
{01KeT ObITb nCftOJIb30B3H H npM KOH"
C-rPYHPOB3HHH 3JIeMeHTOB I{OHCTPYI{I{HH llpyroro H3SH3tIeHHH..
J .3. npH rrOJIb30BaHHH n3CTOHWHM PYI{OBO
CTBOM HeooxoAHMO co..
6JlIO,n3Tb Tpe60BaHHH rocy,napCTBeHHblx cT3HJ(apToB H3 3PM3TYPY, Ha ap.
N.3Typuble H3llenUH H 3aI<nallHbIe AeT3nU, a T3K1Ke H3 CB3pHble COe;i.H-
IICHUR.
t.4.. npoeKTnpoB3Hue 6eTOHHbIX H 1KeJIe306eTOHHblx KOHCTPYKIUtii
3]ta1IHH H cooPY>KeHHH, npeAH33H31leHHbIX Ang p360TbI B ycnoBIIHx ar..
PCCC-HBHOI1 cpe,nbI H nOBblweHHoH BJI3>KHOCTH, )IOn>KHO BeCTHCb C YIJeTOM
.
onOJiHliTeJlbHbIX Tpe60B3HuH, npeA'bBBnHeMblx rnaBoH CHHn no 33lUIITe
cTpOHTe
1JbHbIX I{OHCTpyKlluH OT KOpp03HU.
1.5. Bbl60p I{OHCTpYI{THBHbIX pemeHHH apMupoB3HHH
OJI>KCII npoli3"
ROJJ.lITbCH HCXO,AH H3 TeXHHI{O-31{OHOMHIJecJ{oH IJ.eneCOO6p33HOCTH npIHte-
1J
IIHJl 3pltrf3TypbI B KOHKpeTHblx YCJIOBHH
 cTpOHfeJIbCTBa C ytIeTOM MaK-
CHM3nbHoro CHII>KeHHH MeT3nnOeMKOCTU, Tpy,noeMKocTH H CTOItMOCTH ap..
M3TypHbIX H3llenHH H, CJIellOB3TenbHO, CTpOHTenbCTBa 8 uenOM, lITO
MO>KeT 6blTb .nOCTHfHYTO nYTeM npHMeHeHHB 3c}>c}>eKTHBHbIX BIf,nOB apM3TY-
pbI U apMaTypHblX CT3neH, CHH>KeHHH Beca apM3TypHbIX 1i3.neJIHM, HaH60-
nee nonHOfO 06eCnetIeHHJl TeXHOJIOrHtIHOCTIf H MeX3HH33UHH 3pMaTYP-
HNX P3()OT.
1.6. 3JIetvleHTbl C60pHblX KOlfCTPYKllHH .l10JI1KHb( OTBeqaTb YCJIOBIIHM
Mex3nH3HpoB3HHoro H3rOTOBJIeHIISI H3 Cnel{HanU3UpoB3HHb1X npe.nnpnH'"
'1 HHX.
C60pHbfe KOHCTPYKUHU ueneco06pa3HO npH KOHCTpYHpOBaHUH npe.
JJ.YCM3TPUB3Tb MaKcHrvtanbHO l{pynHblMII, HaCKonbKO 3TO n03BOJIHIOT rpy...
30 no,n'be M HOCTb MOHT3>KlIbIX MeX3HH3MOB t YCJlOBHH H3rOTOBJIeHHH H
Tpa HcnopTHpOBa HHH.
1.7. ,UnH MOHOJIUTHblX KOHCTPYKUHH CJIeJJ.yeT npeA)"cMaTpHB3Tb YUIf-
.pHIJ.HpOB3HHble pa3MepbI, n03BOJIHIOmUe npHMeHHTb HHBeHT3PHYIO ona-
.,1]y6KY, a T31{>Ke YKpynHeijHbIe npocTp3HcTBeHHble apMaTypHble KapK3cbI.
1.8. ,QnH ooeCneqeHUSI YCJIOBHA KaqeCTBeHHoro H3rOTOBJIeHHH I{OHCT-
PYKUH
 Tpe6yeMoH HX AO
rOBeqHOCTH H COBMecTHoH pa60Tbl apMaTYPbl
H 6e'fOH3 CJIc,nyeT BblnO
HHTb I{OHCTPYI{TUBHbIe Tpe60Ba IUiH, H3nO>Keu..
HbJe B HaCTOHIlleM PYKOBOJlCTBe.
1.9. .a
H >KeneS06eTOHHbIX KOHCTPYKUUH, KOHCTpYHpyeMblx B COOT-
BeTCTBIfH C Tpe60BaHHHMH H3CTOHll(ero PYKOBoAcTBa, npuMeHHIOTcB TH..
>KeJIble 6eToHbl, x3p3KTepMCTHI{U KO'fOpblX npHBelleHbl B r JI3Be CtIlI)]
11-21-75.
1.10. 06'beMH3H M3CC3 TH>KeJIOrO BH()pupoBaHHoro 6eTona Ha rpa-
BJfH u
rJl'I me6He lIS npnpo,nHoro 1{8MHB npHIIHMaeTcH paBHoH 2400 l{fC/M 3 .
4




06'beM1f8B Macca )[{eJles06erOH8 npH COAep>K8HUH apMaTypbl 3 0 k Ii
fdeHee MO)u.eT I!pHHHMaTbCSI paBHoA 2500 KfC/M 3 ; npH COAep>K8HHU apMa-
Typbl 60nee 3'0 o()beMHaB Macca AOJDKI18 onpeAeJlBTbCH KaK CYMMa
Ivlacc 6eTOH8 H 8pMaTypbI 118 eAUHIiUY 06'beM8 >KMeao6eTOHHOH KOIlCT-
PYKUHH.
1.11. B I{aqeCTBe apMaTypbI 1KeJIe306eTOIiHblX KOHCTPYKU.nM CJIeAYeT
npeHMymecTBeHHo npHMeHHTb:
8) rOpHlJeKaTaHYIO apM8TYPY KJlaCC8 A-III H TepMHqeCKIi
npOqneH"
IIYJO cTepiKHeBYJO cBapuBaeMYJO apMaTYPY Macca AT-III;
6) 0()bU{1I0BeIIlIYIO apM8TypllYIO npoBonoKY AH8MeTpOM 3-5 MM
J(Jj8CCOB Bp..I H B-1 (B CBapHblX ceTK8X H K8pK8cax).
llonycKaeTcH TalOKe npUMeHHTb:
B) rOpSlqeKaTaHYIO apM8TYPY KJl8CCOB A-II, Ac-II H A-I B OCHOBHOM
Ji.JIJ1 nonepetJlloH 8pMaTypbI JIHHeHHblX SJIeMeHTOB, AJIJ1 KOIICTPYKTlIBHOR:
II MOHT8>KHOH apM8Typbl, a T8K>Ke B KaqeCTBe npOAOJIbllOH pa60qeu ap.
MaTypbl B CJJYIJ8HX, KOIJt8 HCnOJII>30BaHHe .npyrux BUAOB 8pMaTYPbl fie.
lleJJecoo6p83HO HJIU lie AonYCK8eTCJI;
r) 06blI{HOBeIIHYJO 8PM8TYPIIYIO npOBonOKY KJJ8CCa B-1 AH8MeTpoM
3-5 MM AJUJ BH3aHbiX XOMyTOB 68JJOK BbICOTOH AO 400 MM H KOJJOHH;
A) rOpfttIeK8T8HYIO apMaTYPY KJJ8CCOB A-IV, A-V H TepMHIJecKlf
)'npOIJlieHHYJO KJl8CCOB AT-IV H AT-V, a T810Ke ynpOIlHeBHYro BblTH>KKOfl
KJlaCC8 A-Ills TOJJbI{O ,ltJlJ1 npOAOJIbHOH p860QeH 8PM8Typbl BBsaHblX
KapKacoB 11 ceTOK. ApM8Typa STUX KJI8CCOB MOiKeT Hcnonb30B8TbCB B
KaqeCTBe C>K8TOH apM8TyphI. 8 KJl8CCOB A-III., A-IV, AT-IV H B K8IJecT-
u
Be P8CTHHYTOH 8pMaTypbl.
ApM8TYPY KJI8CCOB A-III, AT-III, A-II, Ac-II H A-I peKOMeHAyeTcH
npUMeHBTb B BH,lle CB8pHhJX KapK8coB H CB8pHhlX CeroK.
ApM8TYPY KJIaCCOB A-III, AT-III, A..IIIB, A-IV. A-V, A'l..IV H A.,-V
peI{OMeH,llyeTcSl npHMeflSl?b npH YCJ10BHH YJ10BJIeTBOpeHHB Tpe60B8HIIH
paCqeTOB B qaCTIlOCTU no TpeUUIHocToHKOCTIi.
n p H M e IJ 8 H Jf e. B A8J1bHeHWeM D HaCTOBll1eM PYKOBOACTBe )J.JIH
Kp8TKOCTJi HCnOJIL3YIOTCJI cne,oylOll1He TepMHHbI: «CTep>KeHb» - AJIH 060.
3U8QeHHfl apMaTYPbl JlI06oro AUaMeTp8, DH,lla H npo$HJlH HeS8BHCHMO OT
Toro, nOCTaBJIHeTCH JIH OHa B npYTK8X HJIM B MOTKax (6YHTax); «)].Ha-
MeTp» (d), ecJIH He orOBopeHO oc060 t 03118Q8eT IIOMHHaJlbHbIH AH
MeTp
CTep1KHH.
1.12. B KOHCTpYKUHSIX C lleH8npHr8eMofi 8pM8TypoA, H8XOAStUU1XCR
nOA AaBneHHeM ra30B HJ1H >KH,llKocTeii, cJle.n:yeT npHMeHBTb:
8) rOpH1ieI{aT8HYIO 8PM8TYPY KJl8CCOB A-II U A-I (npeHMYlllecT-
BeHHO) ;
tS) rOpHtIeKaT8HYlO 8PM8TYPY KJIacca A-III " TepMHqecI{H ynpo'l-
HellHYIO KJlaCC8 AT-III;
B) 06bIKHOBeHHYro apMaTypHYIO npOBOJIOKY !{J]aCCOB Bp..I H 8-1.
t.I3. llaHHble no 8pMaType npHBeAeHbI B npHJJ. I. npH Bbl60pe Bn-
Aa H M8 PI{H CTaJIH J(JJH 8 pMaTypbl, a TaK>Ke AJIH S8KJ18AHblX' )J.eTaJIeA,
¥CT8HaBJInBaeMbIx, no pacqeTY. JlOJI>KlIbl YtIHTblB8TbCH TeMnepaTypHble YC-
.,
nOBHR 3KCnJIY8TaUUH KOHCTPYKUHH n xap8KTep ux HarpY2KeHHH cornaC.
110 npIl.'I. 2 Ii 3.


6




2. H3AEJlHJI AJISI 6ETOHHbiX
H )l(EJlE306ETOHHbIX KOHCTPYKllHH


06UJ.HE YKA3AHHlI


2.1. H3AeJJHR, npuMeHfleMble B JKeJJe306eToHHblx KOHCTPYKUHHX,
nOJlpa3
eJUIIOTCH 1-fa:
8) apMaTypHbJe U3A
lHjf:
OTAeJIbHbIe apMaTypHble CTep>KHH;
nJlOCKHe II pynoHHbIe apMaTypHbIe CeTKH (B A8J1bHeAweM npOCTO
CeTKH) ;
npOCTpaHCTBeHHbIe apMaTypHbIe KapKaCbI (B .naJlhHeHWeM npOCI'O
KapKaCbI) ;
0) 3aKJlaAHble J1eT8J1H;
B) npHcnoco6JIeHHH AJUI
HKCanH'H 8pMaTypbI H 38KJ18,nHblX Ae-
T8J1eA;
r) npHCnOCOOJleHHR ,nna CT,pOnOBKH SJleMeHTOB C60pHbIX KOH-
crPYKD.Hit
.n p H M e q a H "e. 3.neCb H .n8nee B HacTOflD.leM PYKOBOACTBe HC-
nOJIbSYIOTCfl CJIeJI.YlOmHe TepM"HbI:, ceTKH - AJ1fl 0603HaqeHHfl JlI06wx
nnOCKHX apMaTypHbIX H31IeJ1HH, 8 TOM llliCJ1e H T8K lIa3bIBaeMbIX DJIOCKIiX
csapHblX KapK3COB; KapKaCbl -- ,nJIfl 0603HaqeHHfl llCKJIIO'IHTeJIbHO npo-
ct
CTpaHCTBeHHhIX apM8TypHbIX H3JleJIHIf. .,
2.2. npn KOHCTpYHpoBaHluf CJleJlyeT npeltMymecTBeHHo npHMeHBTb
THnOBbre apMaTypHbIe H3.n.eJIHfl, pa3paooTaHilbIe B cOOTBeTcTBYlOllUIX
rOCT ax.
ECJlH THnOBbie H3,neJIHfl no CBOHM napaMeTpaM "Ie npllroAHbI AJIH
npHMeHeHHfl, B KOHI{peTHbIx YCJIOBIfBX,.. TO )].onYCKaeTCH npHMeHflTb "".nil"
BIIAyanhHble U3,neJIUfl, I{OTOpbIe peKOMeH,nyeTcfl I{OHCTPYUPOO8Tb no alia..
JIOJ'HH C THnOBblMU H 8 COOTBeTCTBHH c YKa3aHHflMH H8CTOHIllero PyJ{O-
B().t.CTB8. npll 9TOM Heo6xo
HMO CTpeMHTbCH K M8I{CHM8JIbH.oA YHHc)HKa-
IH" H3JleJIHA (B TOM 'lHCJ1e pa3M-epOB, lll8rOB H .ltHaMeTpOB npo.nOJlbHOA
H nonepeIJHOH apM8TypbI) H K B03MO>KHOCTII H3rOTOBJIeHHH UX COBpeMeH

lJhlM:H HHJtYCTpHaJtbHbIMH cnoco6aMH. H3
eJIHH .nOJI>KHbI 6bITb TaK1Ke
y
e6HbI npH TpaHcnopTHpOB8HHH, CKnaAHpOBaHHH H YK
8.n.Ke B
OPMY.
2.3. ApMaTYPY >KeJIe306eToHHbIx 9neMeHTOB cne,llYeT KOHCTpYHpoBaTIJ.
npeHMymeCTBeH.HO, 8 nHHeHHblX >Ke.l1e306eTOHHblX 3JIeMeHTOB, K8K npa-
8Hno, B BH.n.e KapK8coB.
2.4. B p8()OQHX qepTe>KaX apMaTypHblx 113AeJ1HH H 3aKJIa,nHbIX ,nee
TaJIeA cJIe)(yer YKa3bIBaTb cnoco6bI coe.u.HHeHHfl CTep>KHeH H HX nepece-
QCHHA: I{8KHe nepeCeqeHHfl .nOJI>KHbI ()bITb cBapHbIMH c HopMuPyeMoH HJI"

 u
ueHopMHpyeMoH npOIJHOCTbJO, K8I{He MorYT CI{penJIHTbCfl BH38JIbHOH npo-
SOJIOI{OH UJIH BO'o6me He CKpennHTbCfl.
2.5. ApMaTypa >KeJIe306eToHHbIX I{OHCTPYK..HH H3 rOpflqeKaT8HoA
CTanH nepHOAHqeCI{OrO npoc}>u..lfl, ropjJQeK8T8HoH rJIa.nI{OH CT8nH H OOblK..
uOBeHHoH apMaTypHoH npOBOJIOI{H JlOJI>KHa, KaI{ npaBHno, H3fOTOBnHTbCSI
C npHMeHeHl1eM .nnfl coeJJ.HHeHHfl CTep>KlIeH KOHTaI{THOH csapKH TOQelJUOH
If 'CTb!KOBoA, 8 'falOKe B YI{a38HHblX HUJKe cnyqaflX .nyroBoH (BaHHOH H
npOTJI>KeUHbIMH lUBaMH) CBapKH.
: CBapHble COe,llHHenHfl CTep>KHenOH, TepMH'IeCKH ynpOQHeHHOH 8pMa-
1'ypbl.. K3T{ npaBHno, He ,llOnYCKaIOTCJI.
THnbI CB8PHblX coe,nHHeHIIU apM8TypbI H 3aKJI3,llHbIX .lI.eT8neH ,nOJJ)K-
HN Ha3HaQaTbCH B COOTBeTCTBHH C TeXHHIJecKHMH Tpe60BaHHHMH H YKa-


6




saHHHMH COOTBeTCTBYIOW.HX roeYAapcTBeHHbIX cr3HAapTOB H HOpMaTH&
HbiX AOKYMeHT9
 Ha 8p
aTYP"*,le, H
.n.eJIUH, CBap!lYIO apM3TYPY
 aaKJl8A-
Hble ,neTaJIH ,nnH >KeJIe30()eTOHHbIX KOHCTPYKl{HH. OCHOBHbIe THnbl CB3p-
HbiX COeJlHHeHUH CTep>KHeBOii apMaTyphJ H 9JIeMeIITOB 3aKJI8JJ.HbIX AeTa-
JleH fipHBeAeHhJ B npHn. 4.
2.6. 1(0HTaI{THaH TO'leQH8H cBapKa npUMeHlIeTCH npn H3rOTODJIeHHH
cBapHbIx K8pKacoB , ceTOK H 3aI{JIa,nHbIX AeTaneH C HaXJleCTO[IHbIMH co-
eJ.1HHeHHHMH CTep>KHei1.

2.7. KOHTaI{TH8fl CTblKOBafl CBapI{a npHMeHHeTcH .nnA coe,lJ.HHelfHH
no AnHHe 3arOTOBOI{ apMaTypHbIx CTep>KHeH. ,[lHatvleTp CoeJI.HHJleMbIX
CTep>KHeU npH 9TOM AOn>KeH 6bITb He MeHee 10 MM.
i(oHTaKTHYIO CB3pI<Y CTep>KHeH AHaMeTpOtvl MeHee 10 MM nonycK'aeT-
Cst npHMeHH1'b TOnbI{O B 3aB0J1CKHX YCJlOBHHX npH HaJIHqHH Cnel{Hanl
Horo
0()OpYJlOB8HHH. ' ,
2.8. OpH OTCYTCTBHH 060PYJlOBaHHB .n.JIH I{OHT8KTHOii CB8pKH ;llony....
CKaeTCII npHMeHHTb JJ.yroBYIO cBapKY B cne.n.YlOmHx CJIYtf8HX

a)- AnSI coeAHHeHHH no AnHHe 3arOTOBOK apMaTypH
blX 'CTepmHeD H3
rUpHQeK8TaHblx CTalleH JlHaMeTpoM 8 MM H 60JIee;
6) npH BhlfiOJIH'eHHH cBapHblx COeJlHHeHHH C 1i0pMHpyeMoii npOltHo"
CTblO B ceTKax H K8pKacax C npHHY.DJ1TenbHblM c}>OpMHpoBaHHeM
Ba, B'
HHBellTapHoii .popMe HnH C 06S138TMbHblMH JlonOnHHTenbHbIMH I{OHCTPYK-
THBHblMH 3JleMelITaMH B MecT8X cOeAUHel-iuH CTep>KUen npo.nonbHoA H no..
nepeQHoii 8PM8Typbl (KOCbIHKH , JlanKH, KPIOI{H H T. n.); , ·
B) "PH BbInonHeHHH KpeCToo()p83HblX COeJlHHeHHA CTep>KHeH 6e3 AO-
nOJlHRTeJ1bHblX KOHCTPYKTHBHbIX SJJeMeHTOB (KOCblIlOK, JlanOK , KpIOKOB-
H T. n.) TOJIbKO .nnH coeAHHeHHU C HeHopMupyeMoH npO[IHOCTblO (HMero.
lLlHX MOHTa>KHoe 3H8qeHHe). -
2.9. npH KOHCTpYHpoBaHHu 3pMaTypHbIx H3AeJIHD U saI{naAHbIX Ae-
T8neA cne.nyeT cTpeMHTbCSI" K cOKpamellHIO qHCJla UK THnopa3MepOB KaK
B npe.n.eJlax >KeJJe30()eTOHHoro 3neMeHT8. TaK H B npeAeJlax pflAa >Ke.ne

306eTOHHbIX KOHCTPYK1J.HA.
.2.10. npHMeHeHHe BH3aHoA apMa,TypbI AonycKaeTcB npH OTCYTCTBHH
o6oPYAoBaHHH .nnH KOHTaKTHoH TOtIellHOA CBapI{H , 8 T8-K>Ke AnH 9J1e-
MeHTOB MOHbnHTHbIX KOHCTPYKUHH cnO>KHO'A KOH
Hryp81{HH, ,nnH nnHT C
60nbWIIM QHCJ10M HeynopHJlOIJeHHhJX OTBepCTHM pa3nHtIHbIX paSMepOD H

OpM, npH HeBOSMO>KHOCTH MHorOKp8THO HCnOJIb30BaTb A8HHYIO MapKY
8PM8TypHoro H3AeJlHH JlnH npH H3J1H'lIfH cneu.H8JIbHblX Tpe60B8HHH, CBH';
sa HflblX C ycnoBHflMR J13rOTOBJJeHHfI, 3KCnJIY3T8II.HH " Ap.
2.11.. ApMaTypHble I{8PI{8CbI peKoMeHJJ.yeTcH I{OHCTpYHpoBaTb Ila Becb
)f{eJle306eToHHbIH 9JIeMeIlT HJlM Ha ero qaCTb.


OT)J.EnbHbIE APMATYPHblE CTEP)I(HH


2.12. OT.neJlbHbIe CTep>KHH ,nnH apMHpOB8IIHH KOHCTpYKI.{HH H3rOTOB"
nJIIOTCH H3 apM3TypbI, copTaMeHT I{OTOPOH npHBeJI.eH B npHn. 5 H 6.
2.13. llnuHa OTJle,,'IbHbIX CTep>KHeM np31{TH'IecI{H MO>KeT npHHHM8Tb"
CSI nlO6oH t TaK K8K AnH peanH3al{HH oTpe3KoB, nOJ1Y[IalO1l(HXCfl npH 3a-
I'OTOBI{e CTep>KHeH t HX coe.nHHHIOT KOHTaK1'HoH CTbII{OBOii CB3pKOH C

enl
ro nOCJ1eAYIOl1(eH 6e30TXoJI.HOH pa3pe3I{H. npll COCT3BJIeHHI1 c
eu.lf-

HKaI.{HH apMaTypbI 9TO He Y[IHThlBaeTCfl. ,a
TJI1Ha OT)(MbHbIX CTep>KHen
Orp3HHQHBaeTCSI YCJIOBHflMU 1paHcnopTHpOBI{H, YAOOCTBOM YKn.a.n.KH
H np.
HeKOTOpbIe tIaCTO BCTpeQ810mHecfl n npaKTIIKe ,rUYTble. ap
aTypHble

rep>l
HH nOKa3
HbI Ha pllC. 1.


'1




2.14. ,l(JlIIHbl CTep>KHeii 1-9, npHBe.neHHhlx H8 pRC. 1, onpe
eJUnoT"
CH COOTseTCTBeliHO no C,JIeiI.)llOllI.HM «I>opMYJIaM:


1 1 = 2 (h x + b x + Lx + 15d); (1)
1 2 = 2 (h x + b x + Ax); (2)
1'J = 2 (h x + Ax ) + b x ; (3)
14=2 (V h
+b
+6J: (4)
15 = b x + 2 Ax; (5)
16 = Vh
 +
+ 26x: (6)
B CTep>l{IIHX 4 H 6 c'fopona C COCTaBJUleT: c=O,5V b 2 + h 2 ;
x x


1 1 = a + b + 2L1; (7)
'i. = a + b + Lo.n + 2L1; (7*)
18 = a + b l + b l + 51 -I-
; (8)
Is. = a + b 1 + b"}. + cl + c 2 + 41 0 .1-1; (8*)
19 = 3, 14 Dt( + In + 2At(e (9)


3neMeHTbi npHMoro oTfH6a (cTep>KeHb 7*) COCT3BnHIOT:
"PI"


R=5d: 10.n=8,35d. t o . n =6dj


npll


R = lOd: 1 0 . 0 = 16,21d, t o . o = lid;


Ilplf


R =- 15d: lo.n = 24,IOd, t o . a = 1&1.


3JleMellTbl HaK..'IOHHOrO OTfH6a (cTep)KeHb 8*) COCrraBJUIIOT:


nplt


t
R = IOd%
a = 30° 1 0 .1:1 = 5,24d, t o . H = 2,68d;
a = 45° L O . B = 7,85d, 10.H = 4, 14d;
a = 60(, 10.H = 10,47d, t o . u = 5, 77d;


npH


J? = 15d:
a = 30° lo.a = 7,86d, lo.n = 4,02d;
a = 45° 10.ti = 11» 78d, t o . 8 = 6,2Jd;
a = 60° lo.a = 15 t 70d, t o . H = 8,65d.


8




3-
G



1-
J w
0) a
d
18
a /

7 - J b 7*
a / d

 on

 7* .(:)

 b
8) 8
b i 02
...,; d
18
Ci



 a



r

1-


d
20
a


lo,H
f1 1




t)




(2


f)


PllC. ). fnYTble apMaTypUble CTep1KHH
a - XOMYTbl H wnnnbKH; 6 - npftMble OTrH6bl; 6 - HaK.nOHHbJe OTfH6bl;
 - Konb 4

eBOH CTep>KeHb; 1 - XOMYT 3JIeMeflTa, pacctJHTaHHoro Ha KpY'leHHe; 2 - 3aKpbl-
'Cbln XOMYT; 3 - OTKpbJTbln XOMYT; 4 - pOM6oBHJJ.llbllt XOMYT; 5, 6 - Wn!f.nbl
H; 7,
8 - f'Hyrblft CTep1KeHb AHaMeTpoM 18 H MeHee MM; 7*, 8* - TO me, J1.H8MeTpoM
20 H 60JIee Mtwl


9




fOpH30 HT 8nLHaH npOeKUHH H
nH"8 H8KnOHHOrO YQ8CTK3 CTep
hH
fJpIl d
 18 COCTaB.nSllo-r:
ex.
 30°: f = 1 t 73 h OTrt
 =.2h oTr ;
a =45°: f=h oTr , s=I.41h oTf ';
a = 60°: f = O,58h oTr , S = I, 151l oTrt
a npH d
20 COCT3nJUnOT:
a = 3()0: f = 1 t 73 (h oTr - d); c = 2 (hoT!" - d) - 2t O . II :
a = 45°; f = IloT!" --d; c = 1,41 (hoT[' - d) - 21 0 . 8 ;
a = 60°: f = 0,58 (hOt,!" - d); c = 1,15 (hoT!" - d):- 2IO.lIe


a) A
c==


K
6,t5d




C,







6)


PRC. 2. P83Mephl KplOKOB It JI3noK H3 KOHU8X Kpyrnblx rnaAKHX cTep-
*Heu paooqen apM3TypN
a - KpIOK; 6 - .nanK8


2.15. CTep>KHH nepMO,lI.HQeCKOrO np<Xl>MJUI BbInonHHIOTCH ()e3 KplOKOB
P3CTS
YTbIe rna)1I{He CTepJKHH, npHMeHHeMble B K8QecTBe B83J1Uoii
apM8Typbl, ,n,OJUKHbl 38K3H'lHB8ThCJI nonYKPyr nblMH KpIOKaMH, JIanK8MH
.H
lH neTnJlMH.
2.16. P83MepbI KplOKOB Ii JI3nOK H3 I{OHIJ.3X CTep>KHeA npHBe,aeHbI
lIa pHC. 2. . .-
ll068BK3 K ):{JIHHe Crep>KHH H3 KplOKH HnH nanKH l!R npHHuM8eTcR
no T86n. I, 3 H3 KPIOI{H I{ JJ.nHHe XOMYT3 Llx - no T86n. 2.
rJpH .KOHCTPYHPOB3HHH CTep>KHeH, OK8HQHB31OLUHXCH neTJlHMH, AHa..
Me1-p neTJlH 1ttO>KeT onpe):{enHTbCH H3 ycnoBHH CMHTHH 6eTOHa fit) CJleAY.
IOmen
opMyne:


( a ) Ra
Dn
 0,64+1,28- -d
 c J?np
HnH no Ta6JJ. 3.. r)1e npHBe)1eHbI 3HaqeHHH Dn/d.
neTJIIl C ):{H3MeTp3MI1 D n >20d npHMeHHTb He peKoMeHnyeTCH.
3.n.ecb Do - AH3MeTp neT
TIH B cBeTY;
c- paccToSlHHe Me}l{n.y nJlOCKOCTHMIl neTenb B OCHX crep1KHeA
neTnH;
a - paccToSlHHe OT OCM CTep>KHeH B nJlOCI{OCTH neTJIH AO 0:10..
}I(aHllIeH rpa HH 3neMeH13.
2.17. CTep>KHH OT)1eJIbHblX rr03H1.JJIii MorYT 6bITb npocTbIMH, COCTOH-
U!HMH li3 CTep>KHH O)1Horo )1H3MeTP3, HnH B uenHX 91{OHOMHH 8PM8TYp.
!tOH CTaJJH COCT8BHbIMH, COCTOHLUHMH no lInHHe H3 CTep>KHe11 ):{BYX-TPCK
p
3UbIX .n.H3MeTpoB. coe
HHeHHNX KOIIT3KTHOH CTbIKOBOH CB3p
ofi


(10)


10




Ta6J1ul{a 1
1.)Hcno KplOKOB .no
aBKa Ha KJ)IOKH H nanKU A K , MM, K Anl1He npOAOJlb-
uoro CTep>l<HH npH AHaMeTf)e CTep>KHSJ 1I MM
(naool< )
6 I 8 10 12 14 16 18
Ha I KplOK "JUI 40 50 70 80 90 100 110
I JlanKY 6,25 d 130 230
I-Ja 2 KpIOR.a nJllf 80 100 150 180 200
2 JI8nl<11 12,5 d


n poiJoJl,9/Cenue TOOA. 1
,
1.) HCJlO KplOKOB J].06aBKa U8 KplOKH H JlallKU A K 1I MM, K AJlHHe npOAOJlb-
Horo CTep>KUSI upu J.(.HBMeTpe CTep}KfJH, MM
(JlBnOK)
20 22 25 28 I 32 36 I 40
...
Ha I KplOK II4ilH 130 140 160 180 200 230 250
J' . JianKY 6,25 d 250 310 350 400 450 500
Ha 2 KplOK8 IIJ1H 280
!l Jl8DKU 12.5 d


Ta()J1uua 2


¥- .


AII8.MeTp ox BaTbJBaeMbJX
XCNY'I'0M nPOAMbUbJ x
cTe-p>l<Ueft. MM


A06aBKa
x, MM, I< J}.JlUHe XOMYT8 Ha OJ.(.HH KpIOK npll
,lJ.QaMeTpe XOMYTa. UM


6-10


12


<25
28, 32
36 t 40


75-
90
105


90
105
120


(pUC. 3). COCT8BUbI'MH MorYT 6bITb TOJlbKO CTep1KUU H3 rOpH[JeK8T8Uoii
apMaTypbl nepHOJI.UqeCI{OrO npo.pUJlH.
AuaMeTpbI COCTaBHoro CTep>KHH U pacn0J10>KeHUe 8 HeM CTbIKOB on-
peAeJIHIOTCH paCqeTOM B COQTBeTCTBHU C snlOpOH .n.eiiCTBYIO
HX B KOtI.
CTPYIillU" YCUJlIIH. OTHOllieHue AuaMeTpOB cTbIKyeMbIx CTep>KHeH MO>KeT
d 2
npHHHM8ThCH O.3
 d.
O.85.
B cneu.u.pHKaUHHx apMaTypbI CJleJI.yeT ):{aB3Tb npHBH3I{Y CsapHbIX
CTbIKOB B npeAeJJaX COCTaBHoro CTep1KHH.
2.18. npu Heooxo):{uMOCTH (HanpuMep, cTecHeHHocTb) .nonycI{aeTCJJ
»3cnOJlar8Tb apM8TypHbIe CTepJKHU non8pHo 6e3 3a30pa (puc. 4). npH
ii83Ha'leHHH paCCTOJIHUH Me}l{JI.Y cnapeHHb1MH CTep>KHHMH, "PH onpeAe-


I)




M
ro
=:r
=
t::;:

ro -
-
f-t -
.
<


CJ
(.)
()


t: =



:is C4
«S



....


 :z:





t"I <II



:E; ('I)
:z:




........ -
t:: . CU

 <

:z:
= Q)
::Ii
t=;



41 m
C
Q. X
t- :Q
ell :z:

 =
OS 0
:s:: tor
t::{ Q)


 0

 ('f')
CIJ
..a
 .
e:;
G.o :E
1-4
= I:Q
(.)
0
:r:
fo-
0
....
.
<


a>
t:;tU
(1)1-
....:I:
"'

=(1)
r:;e:;
...m
CVo
t:c,..
evO
=:I:
=:r:
ClJO

t
0
1:;0
0(1')
-=(1)
(Jc;
(Q<II
Q..



12


zl


8 00 tC M CJ
 (:J)
<.0 -t --. ...... -

-
g 0 "" t.Q
 CI 0
C'J -' ..-4 ...... - ....
-
0 I 00 f'- co ('t':) ...-
10

 - - - - ...-.
, -
0 I I (:J) f'- 11) C'J
Sf .......
 ...... .....


0 I I I 0 f'-

.."
C"? C'J ..- .....
8 I I I I CT') co
C'I':I - ....
"
0 I I I I I 0
.


 C..J
,
0
 CJ 0 00 f'-
(J .....
c:Q ..... .-. ..... -.


0 <.0 C"':) C'J 0 00

 -
..... - - ..... .-
0 00 LC
 CJ c:;t)
1.0 -

 .... - --. ...... -
<:> 0 to LC
 <:'1 0

 CI ..... ,...... ..- - .-

 I 00
 c.o
 -
C't:) - ...... - - .-

 I I c:;t) 00 LC ('t':)
..... - ..... -

 I I I I (:J) (0
-' .-.

 I I I I I CT')
....
8 - CT') 00 00 ('- tJ)
<.0 -
.
0
 0 (:J) Oi ('- co
55 ...... ....-


 --- 0 0 00 "-

 - - -

 lC C'f:) ..... .-. (:J) 00
- ,..... ..... -

 f'-
 C"':) C':) 0 (:J)
...... ...... -
 - -

 c



 0
C'J .-... ....... - - .-
g I 0 00 ('- l.(j CJ
C'I
 - -- .- .......
0 I I I I 00 11)
0

 - -
0 I I I I I (:J)


...... , -
I -


 1
[",






 l



 0




 tJ) -

 CI
 II

 U " Ii II





 t::



 "
 -
 =


 - t;:




 c:;: ::s:
",,' - -
 -
- - -




 "'t3
0 8
3D C'I M
 11) -
II II II n II II









-:i








a) d 2
:6) L
7 )d, .>


) d 2 :


PRC. 3. COcT8BHble OT):{eJlbHbIe
CTep1KHU
a - AJUI npHMeneflHR B o8nK8x; 6 - ,l],nB
npHMeHeHuH B KonOIlH8X, nO,l],nOpHbJX
CTeUK8X U T. D.; I - KOHTaKTH8n CTblKO"
B8st CB3J>K8


a)


6)


1
2
J


PRC. 4. rpynnoBoe pacnoJIo"
>KeHUe CTep>KHeif
a - BepTHK8nbUbJe rpYDDbt; 6 -
ropU30HT8nbHbie rpynnbl; J -
rpynDoBoft CTep>KeHb; 2 - >Kene.
30feTOHHbJA 9neMeHT; a - XOMYT


J1eB"U )l.JIHHbI HX aHI{epOBI{1I H Ha
JJecTKu OHH JI.OJl>KHbl p8CCMaTp UBaTbCH
K2.K. YCJIOBHblU crep>KeHb c npHBe.n;eHHblM AHaMeTpOM d np - V d
 + d.
'
r,ne d t H d2 - HOMHnaJIbRble HHaMeTpbI C6J1U>K8eMbIX CTep:>KHeH. npn
CTep>KHJlX O.D.HHaKOBoro AUaMeTp8 npHBeJI.eHHbIH JI.uaMeTp MO>KHO onpe..
,neJIUTb no «}>opMYJle d up = 1,4Id.


CETKH


2.19. CeTKH AJIH apMHpoBaHIiH meJle3o()eToHHbIX KoncTpYJ{UHM B 3a-
BBCHMOCTU OT nOCTaBKH npHlv1eHHIOTcH PYJlOHHbIe (npH ):{HaMeTpe npo-
AonbHblX CTep>KHeH 7 M
I U MeHee) H nJlO
I{He (npu JI.HaMeTpe rrpo,nOJlb-
UbIX CTep>KHeU 8 MM U 6oJIee).
2.20. CB8pHble ceTKH peKoMeHJJ.ycTcH KOHCTpYHpoBaTb, K8K npaBH..'IO,
C npHMoyroJlbHbIM KOIITYPOM H B38HMHO nepneHlI.UKYJlHpHblM pacnoJIo-
>KeHUeM CTep>KHeii. PeKOMeHJ1yeMbIe JJ.J1H npuMeHeHHH ceTKH nOKa3aHbI
J.a pUC. 5.
2.21. IOHCTPYlil(UH H pa3Mepbl ceTJ{U Ha3HaIJalOTCJI B 3aBHCu"tOCTrt
OT BHAa H KOHCTpYKTHBHblX oco6eHHOCTeH apMHpyeMoro 9J1eMeHTa: CeTKJI
MorYT UCnOJlI
OBaThCJI KaI< caMOCTOHTeJJbHoe U3AeJIHe IIJ1B Kal( nOJlY-
.pa6pHKaT, I{OTOPblH nOJJ.BepraeTCH nOCJleAYIDlUeH AopaOOTKe (npHBapKe
,nonOJlHUTeJIbHblX CTep>KHeff, pa3pe3Ke ceTKU, 06pe3Ke KOHilOB CTep>KHeH,
BbIpe3Ke OTBepCTuii, npHBapKe SaKJI8JJ.HblX ..JI.eTaJIeii, .pHI{CaTOpOB, CTpO-
nOBO[JHbIX neTeJlh, rHYTblO, 06pa30BaHUIO KapKacOB H lI.p.).
9J1eMeHTbI JI.Opa60TKII CeTKH lIe BKJllOQ81OTCH B llepTe>K ceTKH-nOJlY-
.pa6pUK8Ta, a .Aon>KHbI 6blTb pa3pa6OTaHbI Ha OTJJ.eJIbHOM QepTe1Ke
(pHC. 6).
B qepTe>KaX ceTOK
 Tpe6YlOlllux ,n0p86oTI{H, JI.OJl>KHbJ npHBoJJ.HTbCH
cxeMbi HX pacKpoH, a B cnCL{H
UKauuHx apMaTypbI ,nOJI>KeH YQIlTbIB81'b-
CH ux nOJlHblH Beet BI{J1IO'laH OTXOJJ.bI
 nOJlY'laeMble npH pacKpoe.
2.22. B cJIyqae Kor,na THflOBble uno YHUtPuilupoBaHHbIe CeTKH IIC..
nOJIb30BaTb He npeJI.CTaBJlHeTCH B03MO>KHbIM, peKOMeHJJ.YeTCJI KOHCTPYHPO-
BaTh UHAuBu,nyaJlbHble CeTI{}J B COOTBeTCTBHH C H8CTOHlUUM PYKOBO,n-
CTBOM.
2.23. MHHlIM8J1bHblH pa3Mep KOHueBblX BblnycI{OB npoJJ.OJIbHblX U no-
ncpellHblx cTep>KHeH B CB8pHOH CeTI{e ,nOJl>KeH 6b1Tb He MeHee O,5d J +d2
HJlH O,5d2+d. II He MeHee 20 MM. Iia KOHuax CBapHBaeMbTX CTep>KHe,{
He ,n
J1JKHO 6blTb OTrH6oB, «PIOKOB UJIU neTeJIb.


13




DJ






flll
d


a


f



 CZ:





t;: CQ

A

.J
T
. . . ..




/J) J"-
:; £.rr d 1


l
u


t c



,...........:.. H
 -:ts

Ii

J

J !

J
 CQ
I ';).,




d2 :/ '---.,j II"






o)cuu
it-


uc


H .,


S'
:t-

 CQ
I

I

'-----' ... r
d ""


12


u


5J







2)


fl

f>'"

----, .
,/
7 CQ
/
.
X
.
.I

,


d1


d'} .


--...


c




 . U
J
1
1 -r

 CIQ
c:::
W

nu c


e)




jE




,
jlt


fia
l


J)


d2


d.J


PHC 5. OCHoBHble BH,nbI cBapHblx ceTOK
a - ceTKa. npnMe:JHeM8J1 JlnH apMHI>on8J1H)1 OJlHT pa3Hon TOJlLUHHhI, MaCCUBUblK H
APyrHx KOUCTPYKuuA; 6 - TO >Ke, A.nfl KOHCTPYKI
"dt nep
MeHHoA WHpHllbI: 8-
ceTK8 CO CTep>KHBMli, 1>3cn0J10>KeHHbIMU no 5nlope H3ru6alOUUiX MOMeHTOB. npH:-
h4eHfJeMfUl AJiSI apMupOB8HIUl KOHCOJlbHblX KOHCTpYKllHit, lIanpHNep 1I0)J.nopHbI

CTeH; e - TO }Ke, npUMeliHeMaSl )J...'1H OAHonpOJleTHblX UJlIIT; Ot 3 - ceTKH, npHMe-
HSleMbTe )J.Jlfl apMHI>OBallUH JlHHeitHbix BHel
eHTpeHHO-C>KaTbIJC KOHC-rpYKI1.Hit, Hanpu..
ltep KonOfIH; e, 3IC - ceTKH THna <<JIeCeHKa», npHMeJlfleMble )l.JlSI apMHp008HHA
JlHHeitHblK 113r1l6aeMblX KO,tCTPYKI1.Hit, HanpHMep 6aJlOK; U, 1(. - ceTKU. npHMellRe-
Mble )J.JI
 apMllpOBaHHSI 68J10K nepeMeHHoR BbiCOTbJ


HaMMeHblJJee Jl.OnYCTHMOe paCCTOSIHHe Me>KJI.Y OCSIMH CTep1KHeH OJj.,..
HOrO Harrpa BJleHIiH U
nIH H VMHB ,nOn>KHO 6blTb 50 MM.
COOTIiOIlIeHHSI ,lI.H8MeTpOB CBapHBaeMblX CTepmHefi CJle,nyeT npHIUI-
MaTb no T8on. 4 (no YCJlOBHHM cnapKH).
npH BbI60pe JI.HaMeTpa nOnepeqHblX cTepmlIefi cBapHblx ceTOK c..'fe.
JJ.yeT PYI{OBOJlCTBOBaTbCSI He TOJlbKO YCJ10BHJlMH CBapKH, HO H YCJIOBHHMI(
}KeCTI{OCTH CeTI{H B l{eJIOM, 06eCneQeHUe I<OTOpOH Heo6xo,ll.HMO npH n01>
rpY30QHo..pa3rpY301lUbIX pa60Tax, BO BpeMB TpaHcnopTHpOBKH H YIUlaAKU.


14




I
I
2 I r--, t.
I I I
I J I I
I ,-_.J I
I I
.1 I
t


____
__

____


 t 1


1


c U U LJ






I 1 1
" 2
 i! " "
 / . , 
I
d l I :I" lJo l -.Jd
'I tIc! t/J ,.
l
L

 2 1 1

 I

I L














1






....




:J










PHe. 6. BH,llbI ,llop36oTKH ceTOK
'1-
cH08"aR CeTl<a (noJIY4>a6pHK8T); 2 - .nonOOHHTenbHbJe CTep>KHH; 3 - Dupes.
Ka OTD
pCTU}I; 4 -llY..OBaH CBapKa


2.24. PeI{OMeH,llyeTcH KO'HCTPYHPOB3Tb CeTI{H, rOAHbIe ,llJU1 H3rOTOB-
JleHHJI Ha MHOrOTOqe[JHblX MamUU8X, npu nOMOlllH KOHT8KTHOH CB8pJ<H.
'OCHoBuble nap3MeTpbl MHorOT.oqetIHbIX M3IllHH t Hcnonb3yeMblx AJlJI
H3foTOB.1JeIfHH ceTOK, npuBe,neHbI B npHJI. 7.


,nHaMeTp CTep>KUH oAuoro I -.:)- 12 I
HanpaBJJeUHJI d J , MM 0 14; 16 18; 20


Tat)JIHl8 4
22 125-32136: 40


HaHMeHbllJ1iH .D.OnYCTH-
u
MblH AH3MeTp CTep>RHH
Apyroro HanpaBncHHH
.d 2s MM


3


4


5


6


8


10


15




2.25. npn KOHCTPYHPOB3HIIH ceToK, npe,ltHS3H3QeHJJbIX D.J1S1 lIarOTOB-
nCHlUI n8 MHOrOTO'leqHbIX M3111HH3X, CJle.llyeT PYKOBO,nCTBOB3TbCH na pa-

teTpaMlI 3TUX l'fBIlIHH, Kpo
1e Toro, HY>KHO YIlHTbIBaTb cJIe,nYJo
ee:
a) 11.onycKaeTcH cB8pKa KpecTooopa3HbIx coe.n.uHeIlIfH CTep1KffeM 113
pa3HbIX cTaJJeiI;
6) ,lUJaMeTp nOnepeqHbIX CTep1KHeH d2, cBapllBaeMbIx B I{pecT C npo-
.nO.,TlbHbIMH cTeplKHHMH, AonycI{aeTCH npHHIfMaTb no YCJlOBIiHM CBapKII
(CM. T86JI. 4), eCJ1U no paClleTY He Tpe6YeTCH 60JlbIlIHH ,llHaMeTp; no.
nepeQlIble CTep1KHH B CeTI{e .D,OJl>KHbI npHMeHSITbCH o,nHoro ,nuaMeTpa
H OAHOH ,nJIUHbI;
B) npo,nonbHbIe CTep>KHU CeTI{U peI{OMen,nyeTcH npUMeHHTb o,nlloro
JIlI8lYfeTpa.
)!onYCK3IOTCH pa3HbIe AIiaMeTpbJ, HO He 60Jlee ABYX, npntIeM pa3J1u"
'l8TbCH Ollll ,UOJl>KHbI He 60Jlee 'leM B ABa pa3a; npH 9TOM ,nBa pH,nOM
pacnOJIO>KellHbIX CTep1KHH, C'lHTaH OT KpaH, ,nOJI>KHbI 6bITb OAUH8KOBoro
JInaMCTpa;
r) IliaI' npo,nOJlbHbIX CTep}l{HeH npH )lHaMeTpe AO 14 MM peI{OMeU-
.nyeTcH npllHlfMaTb KpaTHbIM 100 MM, npH .lI-u3MeTpe 14 MM H 60Jlee-
KpaTHb1M 200 MM; war npo,nOJlbHblX CTep1KHeH MO>KeT 6bITb YBeJIHlJeH
npOTUB YI<333HHoro B npHJI. 7 nYTeM IiCKJIlotleHIfH OT,nenbHblX CTep}KHeii

TaOJIHLta 5


-


f-loMeuKnaTYP8 ()CHOBHhlX yHU4>ULtHpO.
B8UHbJX CBapHblX ceTOK. MY


3CI( 1-13 ceTKn


wupHHa l B


25 /J 25


800-3000
800-3000
800-3000
800-3000
800-3000
800-3000
800-3000
800-3000
800-3000
800-3000
800-3000
800-3000
800-3000
800-3000
800-3000
800-3000
800-3000
800
3000
800-3000
800-3000


d


,
= 10::-25

 ....
.. t..)
=:6-:-12


55 .....J
I.--
..: i.--



l t.)
, ---' k-
--Ir---'Io>


dol
,
--


I I

 OO U


I liar no llIHpl-lUe 200 MM.


16


AJUJlJa L


c


1450
1750
2050
2350
2650
2950
3250
3550
3850
4150
4450
4750
5050
5350
5650
5950
6250
6550
6850
7150


125
275
125
275
125
275
125
275
125
275
125
275
125
275
125
275
125
275
175
275




L


.


..


.


· 1


L


..


..


. . .. .
? .- ..
 1
y ..

.. .a . .. ..


PUC. 7. PeKoMeliAyeMble otJepT8HHfl rHYTblx ceTOK


I!pH wHpHHe ceTKH, He Kp8THOH wary npOAonbHblX CTep>KfleH, ocr8rcOK
CJleJ1yeT pa3Mel1{8Tb C OAHOA CTOpOHbl;
.lI.) war nonepetJHbIX crep)l{HeH liP" ,l1HaMeTpe JlO 14 MM peKOMeH,l1Y"
eTCH npHHHM8Tb KpaTHblM 50 MM, a npH JlHaMeTpe 14 MM H 60nee-
KpaTHblM 100 MM; MaKcHM8nbHbIA IlIar nonepetJHblx cTep:mHeii pel{OMeH-
.nyeTCJI npJlHHMaTb 600 MM; pel{OMeH,llYeTCH H83HatJaTb nocToSlHHblii war
nonepetJHbIx qepTelKeH, Aonycl{aeTCSI npHHHM8Tb .nBa mara.
2.26. B COOTBeTCTBHH C n. 2.25 pa3pa60T8HbI YHH$HUlfpoB8HHbIe ceT-
Kif .A..'IH npoeKTHpOBaHHH $YHJlaMefiTOB II ,llPyrHx MOHOJlHTHblX KOHCTpYI<-
l!liR. COKpalUeUH8S1 HOMeHI{naTypa 3THX ceTOK npllBe,lleHa B Ta6,,TI. 5.
2.27. CeTKI1, H3rOTOBJIHeMbIe Ha MHOrOTOllellHbIX M8111llHax, MO}({HO
KOHCTPy"poBaTb. npeJlycM8TpllBall IIX nOCneJlYIowee crH6aHHe B OJlHoii
nnOCKOCTH H8 cneu.RanblIbI
 CTaHKax. B03MO>KHble OllepTaHIiH rHYTblX
ceTOK npHBeJleHbI Ha pHC. 7. rIpll 3TOM YlIaCTI{H CeTOI{ B MeCTax cr116a
c
'IeJlyeT 1llCTpy"poBaTb no plfC. 8.
rUYTbe CeTOK npoIl3Bo,U.J1TCH Ha cT8u.napTHoM rH601JHOM 060py.noBa..
Hlnf, fia paMeTpbJ KOToporo npJ1BeJleJlbI B npU,H. 8.
2.28. rIpll
{OHCTPYIIPOB8HHH CeTOI{ Tllna «J1eCeHKa» (CM. pRC. 5, e, :He)
H JIH npll OTCYTCTBI1H MHOrOTOlle1lJlbIX MallIOH CJIe.nyeT oplleHTupoBaTbcfl
H8 TeXH0J10rHllecKlle B03MO>KHOCTII O,U.HOTOlleIlHblX CBapOllHbIX Ma III II It,
napaMeTpbI KOTOpbIX npHBe.neJlbl B npllJI. 9. npH 3TOM ,nonycKaeMoe co..
qeTaHHe AHaMeTpoB CTep>KJleH B KpecTo06pa3110M COeJlIIHeHIUI no YCJfO"
DHRM I{OHTaKTHOH TOllellll0ii CBapI{1f Jlon>KUO npHHHMaTbcjJ no Ta6n. 4.
2.29. B ceTKax C HopMHpyeMoH npollHocTbIO KpecTo06pa3Hbix Coe,U.lf-
11£.HI1", nanpHMep npllMeHReMblx ,ll,rlfl apMHpoBaHHH 6anol<, (
BapKa Bcex


2-66'


17




tJ.)


:O
2,5d{dnFlA-ltB-I)
.D
l;d(8nR A-Il)
]}
6d (OJ1N A-/ll)
ot.
120D
d.
900(
tm)


JJ
2,5d(DI/RA-I,B-D
11
/id(8nR A
BJ
])
Bd (ORR A-i11J



Jd


I)


dsBMM d
6MM A-I,? 8-1
D
qd (811
 A-I, B-1)


. ,])
8d{DnRA-JJ,A-Jlj} , JJ
8d
d.
 90 0 · / I : o(.$. 90°
".. J
,
'--


d,!l8MM
'J d$12MM A-I, B-1


d


5d A-j,A-fj,A:-B!


PIIC. 8
 KOHCTPYJlPOB8Hue MeCT .crH68 ceTOK
G - npfiMble eTep>KUH S8 npe..aen8MH crU68eMOrO YQaeTK.8; 6 - npHMoA
e...
COBDa,IJ.8eT c nHHHcl erH6a ceTKH. 8 - TO ]Ke, eCJlH D'pSiMOIt c-rep)l(eHb tSonbJllero
AU8MeTpa


MeeT nepeceileHhH CTep)KHei: (Y3JIOB) JlB.nHeTCSI 06H3aTeJlbHOH, 8 AH8MeTp
npO){OJIbHbIX 'CTep>Klleft Ao..q>KeH ObITh He MeHbIlle .n1l8MeTp8 nonepeqJiWK
CTep)KHeH.
B ceTKax c pa60tJeii apMaTypoA nepllo,nHllecKoro npo4>HJIJ1, npHMe-
JUJeMblX ,n..1H apMHpOBaHHH D,TlHT, .n on YCK8eTCSI npeJ1YCM8TpUBaTb CB81'KY
HC Bcex MeeT nepeCe'leHHH CTep1KlleU, npH 3TOM JlOR>KHbl 6bITb csapeHbI
Bce nepecelleHRH CTep}l{HeA B ABYX KpaHHlix pSl,nax no nepHMeTpY
eTKII,
-oCT8JIb}:lbIe YS..1b1 MorYT 6blTb CBapeHbI qepes ysen B waXMaTHOM:, no.
))BAKe.


KAPKACbI
2.30. KOHCTPYKltI1S1 II ra6apHTbl KapK2ca HaSHallaJOTCH B saBHCHMOCTH
01' BH,na H KOHCTp}'I{THBHbIX oco6eHHocTeft >KeneS06eTOHHoro 3"qeMem8.
, .
2.31. KapKacbl peKOMeHJlyeTCst KOHCTpYHpOBaTb "3 nnOCKHX UJIB
rHYTbIX CBapH
IX ceTOK C npHMeHeHHeM. npH Iteo6xoAHMOCTH, Coe;t.HHH-
Te
bHbIX Crep>KHeH.
, . : Kapl{aCbI" CJle,nYeT KOHCTPYHpOBaTb JlOCT8TOqHO >KeCTI{UMH AnJl -co-
xpaHeHHB npoel{TIIOrO nOnO>KeHHSI B ona..1y6o'tfHoft $opMe, a TalOKe 'npH
CKna,nJlpOBaHHH H nepeB03Ke. npOCTpaHCTBeHHafi >KecTKOCTb KapK8ca
JlO-'!)KHa ooecnetJHBaTbCJI aaMKHYTblM KOtlTypOM H npHBapKOH B He06xo-


I





1


3d


1.1
He DonEe 6 M


2-2


1







2


t-1 2


aJ


PRC. 9. 06ecnetJeHHe npOCTpaHcTBeHHoii >K.eCTKOCTH KapK

8 (lOCTa

HOBKO" Cneu.U8JIbHblX cBSl3eA U3 ,llH81"OHanbHblX cTep>KlieH
1 - KapK8Ci 2 - AHa.rOHanLHhle CTep)KHu"cBSl3H; 3
 cBapK8.


aJ


6)



20


ooo'n
- .


2



20


PRC. 10. ApM8TypHble KspKacbI, OOpSSoB3HHble us nnocKlix ceTOK I{QR-
TaKTHoii TOqeqHoft cBapKoM
,
a - npHBapKoA I{ ceTKaM coeAHUHTe.,1bHblX CTepH<HeR: .{j - 06'DeAHHeHHeM ceTpK
CBapKOR nOnepe'lHblX CTep>Kt1eit ceTOK O.D.HoA DJ1OCKOCTH K npO,D.o..1JbHbIM CTepHtHHM
CeTOK APyroA nJlOCKOCTU; 1- ceTKH; 2 - eoeAHfiBTcnbfiLie CTep)({IIH


2.


1"9




.D.UMbIX CJIYQ8SIX (a npu .nJIHHe 6 M H oOJ1ee B o6S1saTe..'IbIIOM nopSI,lU<
)
p.uac»parlt{ }f{ecTKOCTH B Bu.n.e cneu.naJIbHbIX cBSI3eH U3
HarOHa.,IlbHbIX
CTep>KHeH, nnaHoK If T. n. (puc. 9).
3aKJlaAHhle .n.e-raJlH M cTponoBolIHbIe YCTPOHCTB3 - neTJ11f t TPYOI{H
" T. n. - peKOMeH.n.yeTcH 3apaHee KpenHTb K Kapl{acy
 ecJIH npIl 3TOJ,( 6y-
AeT ooecneqeHO HX $UIcHpoBaHHoe n0J101KeHUe B $opMe u B rOTODOM
.>KeJleS06eTOHHO
[ 3,neMeHTe.
ra6apJIThl KapKaca AOJ1}KHbI y.n.OB.,IleTBOPSITb yc,nOBl1S1
[ TpaIlCnOp'fH-
pOBKIf.



20



20


2


1


PUC. II. _4pMaTYPHble KapKaCbl. 06pasOBaHHbIe K3 rHYTblX ceTOK KOH-
TaI{THOH TOqellHOii CBapKOH
/ - TlfYTafl ceTKa: 2 - coe.nHHHTeJibHblii CTep
t{eHb


a)


2
1


('/1


0)
z <Jr J
 t 3 EJ


4


.



3


PI-IC. 12. Ap1t3TypHble KapKaCbJ, o6pa30BaHHbie HaHHSbIBaHne
( (-fa "PO-
" u
.lI.!>.abHblc CTCp}l{HH sapaHee USrOTOBJIeHHOH nonepellHol1 ap
1aTypbI
(I - nOnepeqHas. apM8Typa B BH)J.e CE'TOK, H3roToBneHHbiX KOHT81<THOi'l TO"leIHoit
cBapKoii; 6 - nonepeqliaB apMaTypa B BH..!1.e XOMYTOB, KOIIUhI KOTOpblX coeJJ.IUIClihi
KOHTBJ<Tl-fOit' TO"lC'IIIOft cBapKoft; 1 - cBapuble ceTKH nonepeIHoii apMBTypbl; 2-
npO.!I.O n bHaS1 apM8Typa; 3 - XOMYTbl; 4 - TO"leIHafl CBaplHt


2.32. Kapl<aCb1 pei{OMeHAyeTcSJ o6pa30BbIBaTb c,neJlYJOIlUIMII cnoco-
6a Mil:


20




a) U3 n.nOCKHX ceTOK nYTeM npHB3pKn K np0J10JIbHbIM CTep>KHHM co..

 u
eAUHHTeJIbHblX CTep>KHeH u.nn nOnepeqHLIX CTep>KHeH ceTOK ,lI.pyrol"O Ha..
npaBneHHH (pHC. (0);
0) npHMeneHHeM mYTbIx CeTOK (pHC. 11) C 01:IepTaHHeM, KOTopoe
MOJKHO nonyqUTb Ha CTaH.LlapTHOM rH6oQUOM 060py,nOB8l1HII (CM.
UpU,,1. 8).
,QuaMeTpbI CTepJKHeii rHYTblX CBapHblX ceTOK, pa.n,nYCbI II yr.nbI 3aru..
6a, pacno..1'f01KeHMe npO,ll.o..'1bHblX CTep}I{lICH CJIe,llyeT Ha3HallaTb C Y'ICTOM
I<JIaCCOB npUlteHSIeMoil apMaTypbI B COOTBeTCTBMU C pUC. 8;
B) nYTe
1 HaHHSbIBaHHSI Ha npO,ll.OJIbHble CTep1KHU nOnepellHbIX
CTep1KHeii, COe,QHHeHflbIX B OT,lle,nbHbIe CeTl{H KOHTaKTHOfl TOllellHOii CBap-
Ioii BCeX nepeceqeHuii (pUc. 12, a). nOCJIe HaHM3blBaHUSI npO,ll.OnbHblc It
fiOnepeqHble CTepJKHH COe,ll.HHHIOT CBapI{oii npH 1i0MOW.U K..1'few.eH. rIpH OT.
CYTCTBHH CBapO'IHblX I{new.eM
10>l{eT npOU3Bo,nUTbCH BHSKa 3TIIX nepcce-
'jeHHH; B aTOM c/lyqae peKOMCHAYeTCH o6ecnetJUBaTb npOCTpaHCTBeHUYJO
>KecTKOCTb Kap){aCOB npUBap){OH J1.0nO,nHHTeJIblibIX CTep}l{HeH, nJ1anQK
U T. n.
npu He60,nblliOM 'Iuc:Je npOAO
JIbnbIX CTep>KHeH nonepe'InaH apMaTY-
pa MO>KeT Bbln
'IHSlTbCH U3 O,l(Horo rHYTOl"O CTep>KHH (no Tuny XOMYTa)
C KOHTaKTHOH TOlle':lHOH CBapKoii ero I<OHllOB (Pl.Jc. 12, 6). CTbIKJ-I I{OHIJ.OB
[{PH 9TO
1 peI{OMeH,nYeTCSI pacn
'IaraTb B pa3HLIX yr..r18X nonepetJnoro
l{OHTYpa ){apKaCa (Bpas6e>K){Y);
r) nYTeM lIaBUBKU nOnepe'lHOH cnnpanLHOH apMaTypbl H
 npO,ll.0t11b"
UYIO apMaTYPy C TOllellHoii CBap){OH Bcex nepece1leHHH B npou.ecce HaRlIO'"
I<U (puc. 13) . nplf STOM ee/lu CnlIpaJ1bUaR apMaTypa He YIlUTbIDaeTCH
8 paClleTe KaK KOCBeHHaB, C Tpe60BBHJUIMlf n. 3.72 HaCTOHInero' PYKO-
Bo.n,CTBa MO}Kf10 He CtJUTaTbCB.
2.33. ,Q..'1H C60Pl{H H cBapKH ){apKaCOB B saBHCUMOCTU OT HX KOII.
CTPYKTUBHblX oc06eHHocTeii, KaK npaBUJ10, npHMeHHIOTcH ropH30HTanb-
I:ble. BepTHKa
'IbHbIe U
'IH ,,1uHeHHbIe YCTaHOBI{U, oCHaw.eHHbIe cBapotJHbt
IH
KRell{aMH
nfl KOHTa){THOii ToqellHoH cBapKH KpecTo06pa3HbIx nepeccqe..
}
UH. npu 1<0HCTpyupoBaHuu J{apJ{acoB He06xoAHMO YtJuTbIBaTb TeXHHQe..
u
CKue BOSMO>KHOCTH CBapOtIHblX )(J1ew.eH 3TUX YCTaHoBoK t npBBe,neHHbJe B
npu/1. 10.
MUHHManbllbIe paccToHHUSI B cBeTY Me>K,l(y CTep>KHHM1I, npH KOTO"
pblX 06eCnellUBaeTCfl 6ecnpenHTCTBeHHb1H npoxo,ll. SJ1e){TpO,ll.OB CBapOtt-
HbJX KJ1ew.eii ,lI..nD KapKacoB JlHHei%Hblx >Ke
'IeS06eToHHbIX aneMeHTOB, npu-
lie,ll.eHhl Ha pUC. 14. npH aTOM ,lI.llaMeTpbI npO,ll.OnbHbIX CTep1KHeft
O,,'1}K-
Ubi 6blTb He 6
'Iee 40 MM, a nOnepe'IHblX - He 60J1ee 14 MM.
2.34. rlplI OTCYTCTBBH cBapollHblX I{JIeIlleii o6pa30BaHue KBpl<acoB
.nJIHeHHbIx 3"TJeMeHTOB MO>KeT ObTTb BblnO..1'fUeHO cne,l(YJOllJ.BMI{ cno..
c06aMu= '
a) nJloc){ne ceTK11 coe.nUHSlIOTCH np" nOMOlllU CKOO nOCpe,ll.CTBOM .n,y-
rOBoi1 cBapKH ux C nonepellHblMH CTep>KHHMH (puc. 15). B KOJIOHHax. B
6anKax, pa60TaIOw.Hx Ha KpYlleHue, a TaK>Ke B c>KaToii 30He 6aJ10K C yqll"
1'bIBaeMoH B pactJeTe C>KaTOH apMaTypoH ,lI.nUHa cBapHbIx lliBOB Iw
o..TJ}K"
na 6bITb He MeHee 3d U He MeHee 30 MM, r
e d - ,nHaMeTp xOMYTa;
6) n
o
Klle ceTKH Coe,nUHHIOTCH npu nOMOl1.(li llinHneK C BHSKOH BCex
nepeeelleHlIlI (pnc. 16) U C 06ec.nelleHHeM MOHTa>KHOH >KecTKOCTI1 l{apKa-
ca npuBa pKOH CTep>KHeft, nJJaiIO){ II T. n.

B) nJlOCKUe CeTI{U COe,l1UHflIOTCH MeJK,l(Y c060ii nYTeM ,lI.yroBOi1 CBB p..
KII npO
OJIbHbIX CTep>KHeH (pHC. 17) BOS/ie Bcex MeeT npUBapKU XOMY"
TOB. .L(JIHHa CBapHbIX WBOB 1m ,lI.OJ1>KHa 6blTb He MeHee 40 MM. Tal{Be CO-
eJlHHeHliH ,lI.OnYCKalOTCH npu HaCbll1.(eHHH celleHUH apMaTypOH He 60-
nee 3
/o:


21




1
z
2
"
1
1 (1)2


1


t'J




2
Pac. 13. ApMaTypHble KapKaChl, o6paaoBaHHbie nYTeM HaBHBKH nonepeq..
Heii CRHpaJIbHOii apMaTypbI JI8 npOAo..1bHYIO apMaTYPY
J -
Tep)KHH DPOAOJIbHOA 8PM8TYPW; 2 - nOnepe'lH8S1 CnHpaJIhflan apMaTYP





f


( ...,. 11-"
1 Ir-Jrj


....
rrr
i
'
,."
o (""Tr"
I ,1-'..L

;JILt'
TTTr
,I Ii
", ./
TI ,-,






b


1-1


PH,C. 14. nO.nO}KeHHe cBapollH
IX KJlell{eH npH cBapKe Kap-
K8ca
n p H M e q a II u e. npe.ne

HbIe pa3Mepbl HlleeK KapKaca H Jl.H8MeTpoB
CTe ))')Hlleii npHse.neHbI B npun. 10.


22




2 1


2


t


2


o / 1
2


1


3


2


PRC. 15. ApMaTypHblH KapKac, o6pa30BaHHblfi U$ If!IOCKHX ce-
TOK, 06'be,l1UHeUHblX cKo6aMU npu nOMOIUU .nyroBoH CBapKU


1 - ceTK8; 2 - cKo6a; 3 - CB9pHoR mOB


1


2


2


oJ




2


')
.


2


PRC. 16. ApMaTypHbIH KapKac, o6pasoB8HHbIH H3 nJ10CKHX
CeTOl{, 06'beJl.UlleHHbJX C nOMOlllblO npHBSlsbIBaeMbIx WRHJleK


1- ceTKa; 2 -iDfiHJ1bKa


1


1


1


(1)


o


PUC. 17. ApMaTYPHblH l<apKac, o6pasoBaHHblH U3 n,nocKux ce-
TOI{ c nOMOIU.bIO n.yroBoH cBapKu npollo.,TJbHbIX CTep>KHeii
J - nnOCI<8Sl ceTKa: Z - JIyrobaH ,cBapka.. h 1IJ8 =6 MM


23




2


1


2


2
/
--=0


PUC. 18.. .A.pMaTYPHblH Kapl{aC, oopaSOBaHHbIM liS l"HYTbIX XOMYTOB H
npOJlOJJbHbIX CTep>I{Heii C BSl3KOU Bcex nepeCeqeBHM
J - npo.no.nbI1bfii CTep"{(
Hb; 2 - XOMYT


1


1500


J
1450


1f!


1.l


J


f


5950 4 2 4



 I
 / J  t.
1_ _ _ .1_ _. ,
 / 1 _____J
I I
I I
I I
A I
./ I I
..- - -'p--' "---7-'-


J
.21t- 145
-;- 1500


1-1


t


J


1


J


PHC. 19. npHMep apM3TypHoro J{apKaCa, 06pa30BaHHoro H3 nnOCI{HX ce-
TOK npllBapKofi ..flanOK .nyroBoH CB3pKOil
I - nJIOC'UIC CeTJ<lf; 2 - nOnepe'lHble CTepX<flH C JI8nKaMII; 3 - 3JIeMeU..Tbl }1eCTKO

CTH; 4 - CKo6b1; 5 - .l4yrOB8H CBapK8


r) npO,lJ.O..flbHble CTep>KHH U rHYTbIe XOMYTbI COe}lHHSlIOTC.H BH3'{OM fie..
p(.lCeqeHHll 1I npUBapKoii 9.neMeHTOB 1KeCTI{OCTH (puc. 18);
Jl) flJlOCII1e CeTKH coeAfIHHIOTCH C nOMOlLl.blO npOMe>KYTO'lHblX 3J1e.
MeHTOB (KOCbIHOK, nanOK, KplOKOB 11 T. n.) nocpe,ncTBoM
yroBoM cBapl<H
(pHC. 19).
l-Ia-aa 60JIbUIoir TpY,lJ.OeMlocTH }<apKacbI, npuBe,neHHble B n. 2.34 ua..
(:10Hlu.ero PYKOBO!lCTBa,
onYCKaeTCH npHMe1I1ITb B BH,ne HCKJJIO'leHHH.
2.35. 06p3aoB3HHe I<apKacoB A,,1H apMHpoBaHuH nnOCl{I1X }I{e,,'Je30-
6eTOJUlhlX 3..'1eMeHTOB THna nJIHT, CTeHOBbIX naue..iJeH H T. n. pel{OI1eH,lI.Y-
C;'!CH npoH3Bo
H1b c
TIe.nYlolu.nM o6pa30M:
a) pSlJl. CeTOK Tuna «.neceHKa» 06'be}lHHSIeTCH nocpe.ll.CTBOM coe.nu-
u .
HI.ITe"llbHblX CTep>KHell, npIlBapHBaeMblX npH nOMOlLl.H CBapOqJlbIX Kne..
lU.€H (pIlC. 20);
24




J


, 1


PHC. 20. flpuMepbI aplfaTYP-
HbIX KapKacoB n,,'JOCKUX >Ke-
JlesoOeToHHblX 3J1eMeHTOB
a - ceTKH THna «neceHKa» 06'be'"
):{HHRIOTCB B KapKac npHBapKoH
coe,nltHHTeJIbHblX CTepJKHeit; 6-
06p
30BaHHe KapKaca CB8pKOA
ceTOK THn8 «JIeceHKa», p8cnono-
>KeHHbIX BO B3aHMHO nepueH,nHKY-
JUlpnhlX uanpaBJICUH5IX; 8 - TO )Ke, c npHB8pKoR B BepxHeit HnH nHiKlleit nnOCKO-
CTH K8pKaca n..10CKH>C CeTOKj I - CBapnaH CeTKa THna .neceHi<8»; 2...... Coe,lJ.HtlH-
TenbHble CTep>KtlH; 3 - CBapH
H ceTKa THna «J1eceHKa» ,npyroro HanpSBJleHHR H
MeHbweit BhlCOT!.)I: 4 - HlljKlfRJ( cBapH8R nnOCK8R CeTKa; 5 - BepXHSUf CBapnan
nnoCKaH CeTKa


1.


i1


1


f-1
1-


J 2


1


PHC. 21. IlpHMep ap1aTypH01"0 l{apKaCa To.,'CTOii >Ke,,'Jes06eTOHHoii
n
'IHTbl


J ....... ropH30llTanhHaH n..10CKan ceTK8; 2 - BepTHK8J1bH8n nnOCKan ceTKa TUna «.ne-
ceHKa»: 3... 3neMeHTbi *eCTKOCTH




6) ceTKIf Tuna «JleceHKa» O.nH01"0 HanpaB.,1eHUJI coe.nUHHIOTCH CBap"
ROft c TaKHMIf }Ke ceTKaMU, HO MeHbllleH BbICOTbl APYl"OrO HanpaBJleHIIH;
B) TO >Ke, 1-10 c npUBapKOH B BepXHeH u.no HH>KHeii n
'IOCKOCTlI Kap-
J<aca O.ll.nOH UJiH ,l1BYX n,,TJOCKHX CeTOK; ,
1") KapKaCbl TO.,'1CTbIX }Ke,,1e306eTOHHbIX MOHO
'IUTHbIX n..1lfT peKOMell-
AYeT
H co6upaTb no pHC. 21 cBapKoH CeTOI{ lfe
.ny C060H npH nOMOIU-U
" u v
T01JeQHOH "JiU .nyroBoH CBapl{OH.
2.36. nOpH,l10K BblnO,,IlHeHUJI C60PI{H H cBapKu KapKaca .n.o,,TJ>Kell 6LITb
oroBopeH B pa60f)HX 1J
pTe>Kax.


AHI(EPOBI(A APMATYPbl


2.31. ApMaTYPHble CTep>KHU B 6eToHe JIHWb Tor.na MorYT Boc.npn-
IiHMaTb HanpSI>KeHHSI, Kor.na HCKJIIOqeHa B03MO}KllOCTb HX npOCKaJIb3blfia-


25




,
HUH. ,l{JIft npe.n.OTBpaw.eHU" npOCKaJIbSLlBaHJfH OHM Jl.On>KHbl HMeTh (,(8":
.neJKI-IYro a HI<epOBKY .
2.38. AUKepoBKa OCyl.ltecTB.nSIeTCJI OAHJfM H3 CJle.nYIOw.Hx cnoco6oB
BJIH ux C01JeraHHeM (puc. 22):
a) cu.enJIeHHeM npSII1bIX CTep>KlleM c 6eToHoM;
6) KplOKaMu HJIH JIanK3MH;


a) 0) 8,
III!
" .,
......
 ,: ...... :
2) 1-1 OJ.
-...
11.. ,1 1 ""

 ........
 .....


PUC. 22. AHKepoBK8 paOOqeH apMaTypbl B 6eToHe 3,neMeHT8
II -Cl(enneHHeM npitMblX cTep>l<lIeA C oeTOIIOM; () - KpIOKaMtt: 6 - naOK8MH: t

neTnRMH; iJ - npHBapKoA nonepetlllhJX CTep1KHeA


1-1


,


2


I::::t t:


1


J!


PIIC. 23. nOnepeqH
 apMu-
pOB3HHe 8 30He 3l1Kep08KH
neT .rlD
I - neT.nft; 2 - non
pe'lHhte
CTep}(UiH He MeHee 2 /2J 6 MM








1


B) neTnHMU;
r) npHBapKOH nonepellHblX CTep>KHeA;
A) cneu.HaJIbHblMU npllcnoco6neHHHMH (aHKepaMu).
2.39. AHKepoBKa 3a CqeT cu.enJIeHHH npSIMblX CTep>KHeii c 6eTOHOM
J(onycK3eTCfl TO.'IbKO ,nnH apMaTYP
 nepUO.D.UqecKoro npot}>HJUI. npH
3'fOM cJle,!
YeT HMeTb B BHAY, liTO npOIlHOCTb CnenJ1eHUH B03paCTaeT C
yaeJUIQeHlleM 3$clJeKTHBHOCTII npO
HJISI nOBepXHOCTH_ c nOBbIWeHHeM
npO'lHOCTIf 6eTOHa, a Tal{>Ke npH na..rIH1JHH nOnepeqHOrO C>KaTlISi. 1'1. 1Ia-
060POT, Tpe6yeTcfl 6:6J1bI1I3H ,nJIHHa aHKepOBKH c nOBblllIeHHeM npO'lIlOCTH



6




(
nacca) apMaTypbl, c nOBblWeHHe", ,nHaMeTp3 CTep>KHJI, a T8K>Ke npH
..aJJH1jHH nOnepe'lHOrO paCTH}KeHHR.
· . Ha .R,nllHe aHKepOBKH ,no..1>KeH 6bITb ,nOCTaTOtlHbIH 3aw.HTHblA CJIoA
6eTOHa H B HeKOTopbIX c.,qyqaHX, ocooeHHO npH CTepJKHHX JlH3MeTpOM
16 MM H 60nee. nOnepe'lHOe apMHpoBaHHe.
YCTpOMCTBO JIanOK ,nonYCTlfMo To,nbKO ,n,,1H CTep>KHeH nepHollH'lecKo"
fO npo4>H41S1, ,nnH rna,nKI1X C1'Cp>KHeA HY>KHO npen.ycMaTpHBaTb KpIOKH.
AHKepoBKa neTJIHMH MOJKeT npHMeHSlTbcSI KaK ,nJIH r
'IaAKHX CTepJK-
ileA, TaK H ,nJIH crep1KHeA nepHo,nH1JecK01"O npoq>lInJl. npH STOM 8HKepOM
C1JHTaeTCH T.aKaii fleTJISI t Y KOTOpOH 06a CTep}KHH (06a KOHna) paCTHIIY"


TbI B OtlHH3KOBOH CTeneHH.
Ha .D.JJHHe aHJ{epOBKH neT
'IH Heo6XOJIHMO npe,nYCMaTpHBaTb none-
pe'lHOe apMHPQBaHHe no puc. 23. nonepetlHaSi apMaTypa YCTaHaSJIHBa..
eTCH no pacqery lIa BbIKaJIbIBaHHe 6eTOHa H AOJ]>KHa COCTOHTb He MeHee
1JeM K3 JJ.BYX CTep>KHeH JU1aMeTpOM no 6 MM.
11pllBapKa nOnepe'lHbfX CTepX<Heii HJlH cnellHanbHblX npHcnoco6neHHA
u
.AnSI aHKepOBKH OT,ne..1bHblX CTep1KHeH npHMeliHeTCH, eCJIH aHKepOBJ<8
CueOJleHHeN, KplOKaMH HnH neTJIHMH HeAOCTaTOtJHa.,
2.40. npOn.O..1bHble CTep>KHH pacTSIHYTOA H C>K8TOil apMaTypbl AO.,1}1{-
HhI 6L1Tb saBeAeHhI 3a HOpM3J1bHOe K OpOAOJIbHOA OCR 9JIeMeHTa ce'IeHDe,
B KOTOpOM OHH Y'lHTbIBaIOTCH c nOnHbIltl paCqeTHblM conpOT.HBneHHeM H8
Al
HHY He MeHee laH. onpe,l1eJlJIeMYIO no cl>opMYJIe
Ian = ( maR ' R Ra + MaR) d, (II)
up I
110 He MeHee laH=AaBd, fAe 3HaqeHHll mas,
AaB H AaR' a TaK>Ke ,n,ony-
CKaeMb1e MHHHMaJlbHble BeJlHIJHHbl laB onpe,AeJIJlIOTCfl no Ta6
'I. 6. fIpH
9"r-ou pacTSlIIYTbIe rna.ll.l{He apMaTypHbIe CTepJKHH AOn)KHbl OKaHtfHBaTbCB
KpIOK8MH UJIH IIMeTb npHBapeHnylO nOnepe1JHYIO apMaTYPY Ha AJIDRe 33-
,I1eJJKH.


Ta6J1Hna fi


3Ha'leHJUf m aHt L
aH' "'au H laH AJISI apMaTYPbl a BHAe
Y CJJOBJUI pa60TbJ CTep>K HeR nepll0
"-q-ec KOro rJ18AKHX CTep>KHeA
apM8TYpbJ npOcPH.n

maR I AAali A aH J laH' NM m aH I
8H , A
H IletH' M"
lIe MeJlee Be MeHE'e


3an.eJJK8 pacTSIHY. 0,7 11 20 250 1,2 11 20 250
TOn apM3TypbI Jj
paCTflHYTOM 6eTO-
He I


, . 0.81
3an.eJlKa C>KaToft 0,5 8 12 200 8 15 200
H pacTHflYTOiJ iij)-
M8TYPbJ B C)K8TOlt I
6eToHe
27




II0d


0) 0)
1.0H
to.'/

 5Dd
,

't ,



I



OtJ
40d


JOd


2311
JOtJ
28d. 20d
19,5d
25d
15d
12d Rq(6J

 ;f5



 NIl(6J





KtG/Cllt




 G
 K2t/CH I









 tc-)",,>



.n..flHUY 3a.a.enl{f[ BpMaTypHblX CTep>KHeH B 6eTone pasHblx MapoK B
SttBtlCIIMOCTH OT Be"fJHtJHHbl HanpSI1KeHHfl B CTep>KHe H OT K,nacca apMa:cy-
phi pCKoMeH.nyeTcH OnpeJl.eJJHTb no l"pacpHKaM p HC. 24.
,a..1S1 onpe,ne.neHHS1 nO rpacl>HKY pHC 24t a ,DJIHHbl aHKepOBKH pacTH..
JIYToro CTep1KttH ,nHaMeTpOM d H3 apMaTypbl K.'Iacca A..III (Ra=-
=3400 K1"c/cM 2 ) B pacTHHYTOM OeTOHe npoeKTHoH MapKff Jv1300 HaXOJl.Hlt
8ua i leUHe RIi=3400 Krc/cM 2 lIa OCH aOCu.Hcc H H3KJIOHHYIO npsn,1YIO AnSI
f)cToHa MapKII M300. OT TOtJKH nepeCeqeHllfl 9TOH HaKJIOHI-IOH npJlMOH
c nepneH,llHKYI1HPO
1 I{ OCH aocnHCC B TOqKe C Ra=3400 Krc/cM 2 npoBo-
AltM napa.nJ1e.J1L1JO OCH a6cl.llfcc nHHHIO ]1.0 nepeceqeHIIJI C OCblO 0P.D.HH8T.
rje " qH'raeM SHaqeHHe laH=28d.
)J.J1H onpe.lle.!leHHH no rpacpHKY pHC. 24, 6 ,llnHHbI aliKepoBKIl paC1'St..
IiYToro CTep.>KUS1 ,llHaMeTpoM d lIS apMaTypbI nepHolU 1 tJecKoro npocl>HJ1H B
C>1<3TOM 6eTOHe npoeKTHoH MapKH M300; B cnyqae ]{OfAa BCJ1IIQHUa Ita..
J1pSl>KenHH B CTep>KHe O'a no paCQeTY MeHbwe R a H COCTaBJ1S1eT
3100 lrc/cM 2 . HaXO,llHM 3H8 1 IeHHe O'a=31oo l(rcfcM 2 Ha OCII aocuHCC I';
IiCKlIOtIH}"IO npSit1YIO .AJIH 6eTOHa MapKH f1300. OT T01.JI{H nepece'ieHHSI
9TOH H8K"JIOHHOI1 npSlMolf C nepneH,lI.HKY J1HpOM KOCH B6cU.HCC B TOtJKe C
Ua =3100 IrC/CM 2 npOBo.nUM napaJIJIeJIbHO ocu a6CQHCC JIJIHHIO .no nepe..
CeqeUIIH C OCblO 0p.AHHaT, r.ne H qllTaeM SUallelIHe litH = 19)5d lUlU C
oKpyrJ1enneM 20d.


28




JInH onpene
eHHH no
rpa$UKY puc. 24, 8 ,1I}lUHbl aH-
KepOBKU r,na.nK01"0 paCTHHYTO-
1"0 CTep}KHJI 83 apMaTypbl
1{
'I
cca A-I B paCTJIH}'ToM 6e-
TOHe npoeKTHoH MapKu
1250
lIaxo.zUIM SHalleHHe .n.nH 6eTO..
Ha MapKu M250 Ha OCH a6c..
nUCC U COOTBeTCTBYJOlllYIO
,llaHHot1Y c..flyqalO KPHBYJO 2 ,
OT TOIII{U nepecelleHufl 9ToH
KPUBOii c nepneHAuKY.11J1pOM
K ocu a6cll.ucc B TOIIKe AJIH
6eTOHa MapKII M250 npoBo-
AUM napaJlJ1eJIbllO OCIf a6c..
l1.HCC ,,'1UHUIO .no nepeCeqelIHH
C OCbIO Op.aHHaT, r.ne If I.J.H-
TaeM SHalleHHe laH=34d.
ECRU B.nO..flb aHKep)reMoro
CTepJKHfl B paCTJlHYTO
 6eTO-
He no paCqeTY 06paaYlOTCH
Tpelll.UHbl, TO CTepJKeHb ,lI.OJI-
}KeH 6blTb sa.neJIaH B C>K8TYIO
30HY 6eTOHa Ha .n 1 1HHY , dO ,
onpe)(eJIJleMYIO no cpopMYJIe
(11) HJIli no rpa$uKY pllC. 24.
ECJIH nnow.aAb CeqenHH
$aKTUqecKu YCTaHoBneHHoro
aHKepyeMol"o CTep>KHJI Fa,ip
60JIbille Tpe6yeMoH paclleToM
no npollHoCTU Fa.p, TO AJ1HHa
8HKepOBKU 3Toro CTep}f{IUI
MO>KeT 6blTb YMeHbllleHa ny-
TeM no.nCTaHOBI{IJ Be..flHIIIlHbI
Fa.p
C1a=Ra F BMeCTO 3HalleHfJSI
a,f)
Ra npu onpe.neJIeHHU Lan no
$opMYJ1e (11) UJIH no rpacpn-
KaM p1fc. 24.
2.41. AHKepoBKY npo-
.nO
'IbHOrO CTep>KHH npH lIe-
B03MO>KHOCTH BbInO.nHeHHH
yKasaHHbIx B D. 2.40 HaCTOH-
w.ero PYKoBo.nCTBa tf'pe60Ba-
HUH Heo6xo.nUMO 06ecne T IHTb
c nO_MoIlblO CJIe.nYIOw.Hx
ne.
QuaJlbHbIX Mep (npH 3TOM BeJIUqUlia laB ,nOll>KHa (5bITb He MeHee J Od) ,
a) nocTaHoBKoH KocBeHHoH apMaTypbI B BHAe cBapHbIx nonepeqlIblX
CeTOK unH OXBaTbIBalow.ux npo.nonbHYIO apMaTYPY XOMYTOB; B 3TOM CJIY-
qae A
'IUHa SOHbI aHKepOBKU lao, onpe.neJleHHaJI no cpopMYJIe (11), MO-
JKeT 6blTb YMeHblUeHa nYTeM .nMeHUSI Ko9$$Ul1.UeH1'a maB Ha Be
lIqHHY
°6
1 + 12.....g " YMeHblUeHIIJI K03cI>cI>Ul1.UeHTa t:.'Aa.n H8 BeJIHqUHY 10 - R J
np


B)
iim


50d


40ri


J4d


JOd


25d


20d


15d











M6ET





 f't')

I(")










PHC. 24. fpa$IIKU .n,,Jlfl onpe.neJIeHUH
JIJlUHbI aHKepoBKu apMaTypHbIX CTepJK-
A Heft B 6eTOHe paSHblx MapOK


a - ,llnHH8 BnKepOBKII P8CTSlHYThlX CTCp1KHeit
nepHO,llH'leCKOrO npo<}>lllIJI.
 pacTfllfYTOM 6e.
TOHe; 6 - ,llJtHHa 8HKepOBKH P8CTSlHYTblX "JIB
c)({aTbIX CTep>KlfeA nepHO,llH1JecKoro npoc1>HnSi
B C>I<8TOM 6eTOtle; 8 - ,llnHU8 aHKepOBKH
rna,llKUX CTep>l<netf: 1 - paCTJfnYTblx Knacca
B- I B P8CTSiHYTOM 6eroHe; 2 - TO >Ke, Knac-
ca A. J; 3 - paCTAtlYTbiX KJlH C>K8TblX KJl8C"
ca B-1 B C)l(8TOM 6eToHe; 4 - TO me, KJtac.
e8 A - I


"


29




1


9


1


/J


2


7
"


1


1


1


2


J


PUC. 25. AHKepOBKa npo.nonbHoro CTepiKHJI C nOMOI.I.lb1O cnel{H3J1bHblX
YCTPOHCTB
I - ()eTOH; 2 - 8HKepyeMblA CTep>KeUb; 3 - Kpyrnan HJlH KBaAP8Tllafl CTaJIbH8S1
w8A6a; 4 - CBapKa; 5 - 0611{8THe; 6 - BblCa>KeUUafl ronOBKa; 7 - CT8.11bllOA yro..
.nOK; 8 - pe3b6a


CAe f.tJC - 06'beMHbIH K03cM>u
HeHT apMUpoBaHHH, onpeAeJlHeMbIii:
npH CBapHblX ceTK8X - no $opMYJIe


tt,C -
rK-


nlfcl1l + nJc2 1 2
II 'is


,


(12)


r,l(e ftl , f Cl H 11 - COOTBeTCTBeHHO qHCJlO CTep>KHeM, n..1omaAb nOnepeqHo-
ra CeqeHHSI H Jl)IHHa CTep>KHH CeT1{H B O.llHOM HanpaB-
JleHDU;
n 2 , f C2 H lz - 'r.o )Ke, B ,lI.PYl"OM HanpaBJIeHHU;
s- paccToHHue Me>K.ny ceTKaMu;
np" OXBaTbiBalOlUHX npO
O,'IbHYIO apMaTYPY xOMYTax-- no tj)opMyne


x Ix
fi K = 2ltu '


(13)


CAe f x - D,TlOma)J.b ceqeHUSI OfHOalOlLerO xOMYTa, pacITo.,fJO}l{eHHOl"O y rpa..
Heo aneMeHTa; a - paCCTOJlHUe OT paBHO,ll.eticTBYIOIT(eH ycunl-di B pacTH-
uyroA npOJI,O,TlbHOM apM8Type (npu apMaType O,ll.HOro KJIaCCa - pacCToH-
iU'le 01' ueHTpa TSl1KecTH nJlOma,ll." nOnepeqHOrO CeqeHHH apMaTYPbI) .no
.J 6nH>KaMUleH l"paHU CeqeRlfH; U - pacCToSIHHe Me1K,lI.Y xOMYTaMH, U3
e"
peHlloe no ,ARURe 3,TleMeHTa.


30




HanpS)KeHl1e C>KaTUJI 6eTOHa Ha onope 06 cnpe.nenHeTCH AeneHH"
eM
nopHOH peaKUHH H8 nnoutaAb OITHpaHHfl 3ReMeHTa H npUHHM8eTCB
He 60JIee 0,5 RD".
KocBeHHoe apMupoBaHHe pacnpe,ll.e,,'IHeTCH no .D.J1HHe 30Hbl 8HKe..
JX>BKH OT Topna 3J1eMeHTa .no 6.nU>KaHUleii K onope paClleTHOH HOp"
MaJ1bHOfi TpewHHbl;
6) YCTPOHCTBOM H8 KOHl(ax CTep>KHeii cneu.U3J1bHblX aHKepoB B BH-
JJ.e n..1acTHH, raeK, Yl"O"TlKOB, BblCa1KeHHblX roJIOBO){ H T. D. (puc. 25).


tl)



lJ,5lI1H


6)






PHC. 26. AHKepoBK8 npO,ll.OJIhHO-
ro CTep>KHH nOCpe,ll.CTBOM el"O
oTru6a
1- 8HKepyeNbiA Crep>KeHb ,nH8MeT-
pOM d; 2 - cne
H8nbHbJe XOMYTbI.
n1>enRTcTBYIO
fle pa3rHoB IIH 10 CTep1K"
IIR


PHC. 27. AHKepoBKa rna,ll.KH.x
CTep>KHeH npo,nOJIbHOH paCTSlHY-
TOn CBapHOH ,apMaTypbl H3
KpaHHHX CBo6oAH
X onopax liS"
l"U6aeMbIx 3,,'IeMeHTOB
a - B nnHT8X
 6 - B 68J1K8X


nnornaAb KOHTaKT8 aHKepa C C5eToHoM Ha3HallaeTCH US paCQeT8
N a
6erOHa Ha CMRTHe H ,nOJl>KHa 6b1Tb He MeHee 2 5 R i
, up
l"Ae N a - YCUJ1He, npUXO,ll.Hw.eecJl Ha aHKepyeMblH CTep}l{eHb.
TO.,fJ
UHa aHKepyrow.eii n.,fJaCTUHbI ,lI.O.,fJ>KHa 6bITb He MeHee tis BceH
ee mupUHbl (,lI.HaMeTpa) H Y,ll.OBJIeT'Bop
Tb Tpe60BaHHHM n. 2.65 Ha-
cToHw.ero PYKOBo.u.CTBa;
B) npHBapKOH Ha nnUHe 3aneJ1KH He MeHee ,lI.BYX nonepellHHX au-
KepYK>UJ.llx CTepiKHeH AuaMeTpOM lie MeHee 0,5 J{HaMeTp8 npo,nOJlbllbiX
CTep>KHeM; B aTOM c..1YQae AJIHHa aHKepOBI{H lan, onpe,ne..1eHHaH no
n. 2.40 H3CTosm.ero PYI{OBOACTBa AJJR CTep}l{Heil nepHo
HllecKol"o npo-
ciJUJ1H, MO>KeT 6b1Tb YMeHbllleHa Ha 5d, a l"JIa.nKHe c-rep>KHH MorYT BbI-
nOJ1HHTbCS 6e3 I<PIOKOB;
r) oTrH6oM aHKepyeMoro CTep}KHjI Ha 900 no )lyre ){PYl"a paJl.uycoM
B CBeTY He M-eHee 5d, npu 9TOM ,nJlHH3 npHMoro yqaCTKa Y Hallana
38AenKU ,lI.OJI>Klla 6bITb He MeHee 0,5 laHt a Ha oTorHYToM yqaCTKe ,nOJl)l{-
Hhi ()blTb YCT8HOBJ1eHbl AOnOJ1HHTenbHbIe XOMYTbl, npeoBTcTBYIOI1UIe
p83fH6aHHIo CTep1KHeA (pHC. 26).


81




2.42. BeJUItlHHa las 3anYCK8 CTep>KIiei1 npO.lI.O..'IbHOH paCTHHYTOH
apMaTYPbI Ha KpaHHHX CBo60,[lHbIX onopax H3fH6aeMbIX a..1eMeHTOB t ec...
JIH 3TH CTepJKHH He HMelOT Cnel(HanbHbIX aHKepOB H He npHBapHBalOTCH
K onopHbIM SaKJla.nHbIM ,neraJ1SIM t AOJ1)KUa 6bI'Tb He MeHee 5d OT
BHyTpeHHeH rpaHH 3ToA onopbI
J1H nnHT H He MeHee IOd ,[lnSI 6anOK
lee.nH He C06
'1I0
aeTCSI yc..10BHe (71) r..1aBbI CHHn
 11-21-75]. ...,
npH cBapHoA apMaType H3 rJla.nKUX
epn<HeH cJle,llyeT npe,[lYc-

aTpHBaTb npHBapKY K J{a}l{.lf.oMY npO,[lO.,fJbHOMY CTep>KHJO H8 ,[lJ1HHe
laH XOTH 6bI OAHoro nonepetllloro (aHKepyrow.ero) CTep>KHH B ceTKax
nJIHT H ABYx crep}l{Heil B KapKacax 6aJ10K" pe6ep. AIIKepYlOlllHH
CTep}l{eHb .l10.,fJ>KeH 6blTb AHaMeTpoM daH
O,5d npoAo..1bHoro CTep>KtlH
it pacno..1araTbcSI Ha paccToSIHUH «C» (puc. 27) OT KOHua ceTKH U.,fJ"
){apKaCa, KOTopoe npHHHMaeTcH: c
 15 MM npH d
 to MM, c
 t,5d
"PH d> 10 MM.


CTblKH APMATYPbI BHAXnECTI(Y (6E3 CBAPKH)


2.43. CTblI{H ,pa60QeH ap'MaTypbI BHaxneCTKY (Oe3 cBapKH) npn..
MelUllOTCSI npH Heo6xo.nHMOCTII coeAHHeHHH KaK cBapllblx, TaK H BH3a..
HblX l{apKaCOB H ceTOK.
· CTep>KHH ,nHaMeTpoM 60JIee 36 MM CTblKOBaTb BHaxneCTKY {(5e3
CBapKH) He .nonYCKaeTCH. .
2.44. CTbll{H CTep}l{Heii paC50tleii apMaTypbl BHaXJIecTKY He peKO..
MeJl,i(yeTcH pacnO
'laraTb B paCTSIHYTOH 30He H3rH6aeMbIX H BHeneHT.e
peHtlo.paCTHHYTbIX 3JIeMeHTOB B Mecrax nOJlHOrO HCnO
'lMOBaHHB Beey.
uteH cnoc06HOCTII apMaTypbI. TaRDe CTbIKH He .nonYCK8IOTCH B J1HHeHHbIX
9JJeMeHTax, CeqeHHe KOTOpblX nonHocTblO pacTHHyro (HanpHMep, B
S8TfliKKax apOK), a TaK}I{e 80 Bcex c.nY1JaHX npHMeHeUHSI CTep>KHeBOii
apM3TYPbl KJI3CCOB A-IV (AT-IV) H BbIlUe..
2.45. CTbIKyeMbie crep}I{HH no B03MO
HOCTH ,nOJUKHhI conpuKa-
C8TbCSI Me>K,[lY C060H. EMH BnJlOTHYIO HX ynO)f{HTb HeB03MO)KHO, TO
Me}K
y IIUMIi .l10nYCKaeTCH 3a30p, He npeBbIlUalOw.HH 4d.
PaCCTOflHHe Mem,ny llBYMH CMe>KHb1MH CTbll{aMH B OAHOM none..
peQHOM CeqeHHH >Kenea06eTOHHoro 3
'IeMeHTa ,[lOJI>KHO 6bITb He MeHee
2d H lie MeHee 30 MM (pl1c. 28).
B nOnepe'IHOM Ce1.JeHHH 3JleMeHTa CTbll(H peKoMeH,i(yeTcB pacno
'la-
f8Tb no B03MO>KHOCTH cHMMeTpHQHo.
2.46. CTbIKH pacTHHYTOH HJ1H c}!<aToil pa60Qeii apMaTypbl, a T3K..
JKe cBapHblx ceTOK H KapKacoB B pa60'IeM HanpaBJIeHHU ,nOJl>KHbI UMeTb
AJlIIHY Hax.neCTI<H He
1eHee BeilHtlHHbI lu, onpe
e,,'1SIeMoti no
opMYJle
In = (mil R:: + fAH) d, (14)
r..o.e O's - HanpSl}KeHHe B apMaType B MeCTe CTbll{a BHaX,,1J
TKY C Hall-
60JIee lIanpSI1KeHHOH CTOpOHbl.
3HaqeHHH mH H
'A." a Ta){>Ke MHHHM3.,'1bHble 3HaLJeHHSI 10 H),o ,[lJIH
Oflpe
eJ1e"HH ,[lJ1HHbJ CTblKa apMaTYPHblX CTep>KHeH BHaX
'leCTl(Y npH"
8e.nenbI B Ta6JI. 7.
- Pel{OMeH,nyeTcH ,nJIHH y CTblKa BHaX
'leCTKY onpe,[le..1HTb no rpa4>H"
K
U'A pilC. 29. floJlb30BaHHe 3THMH rpa
HKa
1I1 aHaJIOrnQHO COOT BeTCT"
BYIO
HM rpa
"KaM pUC. 24.
2.47. CTbIl(H CBapHbUt ceTOK H KapKacoB, a TaK>Ke paCTSlHYTbIX
crep>KHeif BH3aHbIX lapKacoB H ceTOK BHaXJ1ecTKY 6e3 cBapKH ,nO
'lH{HbI,


32




lJ) 6)

.:'l l!. "
,
2 'j
(J O,e
4tf d O

,,,(
TI


1 - 1


2-2


.......- J I
/
1


. -
W













......










2


,8)


---


ii' l.-
I /'

I ,
I I .

I I )2d{
JOMM) I
I
l . I
I 1 . .

I

 1, 5l H


1. H /l51H


tH


-----


--


-..-


PHC. 28. KOIICTPYUPOB3UIW CTbIl8 CTep>KHeH npOllOJIbHOli pa6otJei ap-
M8TYPN BH8xneCTKY (6e3 cBapKH)
Q. 6 - nOJlOH<efJHe cTblKyeMhJX CTep>KHeD B nonepe1:lHOM ce'JellJrIH >Kene306eToHHo--
ro 9JIeMeHTa; 6 - p83MeU{eHHe CMemHblX CT
IKOB B nnaue; 1 - cTep>t<HH nepHOAH-
'JecKoro npoc»HJlfl; 2 -- fJl3,llKHe cTep>KuH


Ta6nuI(3 7


3naQeUHH mil' AA H , "-H H I H AJIS' apMaTYpbl B BHAe


YcnOBHR pa60Tbi cTep>J<HeA nepUOAJf"ecl<oro r n8.lKHX CTepJK fleA
CTblK8 npo«l>JfJlH


If Illf' MM mHJA
1 A H , la' aiM
I nl H A"-H He MCIIee He MeHee

TbIK B pacTfllty- Ot 9 [I 20 250 1,55 11 20 250
TOM DeToRe
CTbll( B C.it<aTOM Ot 65 8 15 200 I 8 15 200
6eToHe


3-661


33




td
tll H
.







500


IJOd


30d


I)
tO H














50d


IJOd


JOd


.25d


25d 20d
RIJ(lJiJ . Rtt!IJ/l)

-



 K2C!CHf




. 'rSKi
f
,



.






fr)








aK'
p.aBoHJ10, DO ,nJIHHe 3J1e'MeHTa paCDOl13l"3TbCSI Bpast5e>KKY. fI
 9T
M
JijjOlltaJib CelleHIUI pa60tIux CTep>KHeH, CTblKyeMblx '8 O,nHOM M
CTe "no
US '''J1acCToHHUH MeHee ,n.,fJUHbJ HaXJ1eCTI{H I H , ,nOJl>KHa COCTaBnHTb He 60-
nee
O.O/o 06
eH n.'I0
3,llH
eqeHUH paCTHHYTOii apMBTypbl npH CTep1K-
HfiX riepiIo.nUlIeCKOrO npo<!JHJUI U He 6oJ1ee 250;0 npH rna,nKHX CTep>KIIRx.
, ,
TbIKoBaHHe OT,neJ1bHblX CTeJ}
HeH, CB3pHblX ceTOK oR KapKaCOB {).es





>KKU .nonYCKaeTCH npH I{OIlCTPYKTHBHOM apMHpOBaHHR (6es pac..
'!era),1 a Tal{>Ke Ha Tex yqaCTKaX, l",lle apMaTypa HcnOJlb3YeTCH.. He' 6
-
nee tieM Ha 50 0 /Q. .
" · 'pp0J10JlbHOe cMew.eHue oceii, CTblKOB JI.OJ1}KHO 6bITb He, MeHee I
5,ltJ
(pHC. 28, 8).
 . -
2.48. r JIa.nKue CTep1KIIH B CTbIKe ,nOJI)KHbl S3KaHIIUB3TbCSI KpIOKaMH.

 ;. '(:Tep>KHH nepHq,ll.UtIeCKOrO npo4>HJ1S1 MorYT UMeTb npHMble KOHUb1
Ho
U nanKU. ,QonycK'3eTCSI CTblKOBaTb CTep>KHH, 3al{8H'IHBaIOIllHeCH neT-
JiSlMH (puc.31).
2.,49. npu' CTblKOB3HIIH P3CTSIHYTb1X crep>KHeii 6ea cBapKH B 80He
Ha({;n.

Tl(H Tpe6yeTcH YCTaHaBJ1HB3Tb Aono.'IHHTe..1bHYIO nonepellHYIC? aop..
MaTYPY B CJIYQ3HX, ({or,ll.a:
)J.H3MeTp cTblKyeMblX pa60Qux CTep>KHeii 60Jlee 10 MM;
'-.'P'atCToHHile Me>K!lY CTep>KHSIMU B nonepellHoM celleHHH SJIeMellTa
'.' Ra
MCRee Be.rtH1JHHbI 30 R d (3,l1,CCb d - H3HMeHbWHfI Jl,U3MeTp cTblKye..
b ) P
MblX CTep>KHeH, eM .


.
34




nJIOW-3.ltb CeqeHHH AonOJl"
HHTeJibHoii nonepeqHoA apMa-
-
Typbl, YCT8H3BJIUBaeM9H B
npe.l(eJl3X CTbIKa, J{OJUKHa
6bITb He MeHee 0,5 Fa, "rAe
Fa - nJlow.aAb CeqeHHH Bcex
cTblKyeMhIx npO.AOJIbHblX
CTep1KHe:it
.l1.onOJIHHTeJIbH3B no..
nepeqH8H 8pM8Typa M
)KCT
CT8DHTbCH B BH.zt
 XOMYTOB,
CJ{PYTOK H..1H no,nuecoK H3 K

p
Too6p83HO corHYTHX CB8p-
HbIX CeTOK, 38Be.neHHhIX B
CJKaTYfO 30HY (pHC. 30).. IIpH
n'erneBblX CTLlK8X nOnepeqRYIO
apM3TYPY paCnOJlaT81OT B
YT"
pit neTJlH (puc. 3]). .
2.50. CTLIKH csaplltJIx ce-
TOK B H8npaBJIeHHH rJlaJ1KOB
paooqeii apMaTypbl ({JI8CCOB
A
I H B-1 AOjUKHbI BLlDOJl-
IiJlTbCSI T8KHf1 oopa30M, QTO"
6u B K8>KAOH H3 CTblKyeMwx
'"
B p3CTJlHYTOH 30He CeTOK Ha
A"fJHHe H3XJleCTKH paCDOJI.ara..
JlOCb He MeHee ABYX nonepeq-









 M.DfT HblX CTepJKHeH" npHBapelflttJIK
......
 c-...
 toIi ..


 'c")









 KO BceM npOJ.lOJIhHblM CTepJl(...
HJlM ceTOK (pHC. 3t). ·
l1HBMeTp nOnepe'lHhlX 811-
KepYJOW-HX CTep>KHeA ,nOJUKeH
- '"
6
Tb He MeHee O
HOH TperH
D.H8MeTpa np0,l10JlbHOrO 8HKe...
PyeMoro CTep}KHfI H He MeHee
BenHqHH
 YK333HHblX B Ta6JI. 4.
CT
KU cBapHHx ceTOK B
HBnpaBJleHHH pa(jo'leii apMa..
TypbI nepHOAHQeCKOrO np
H-
J1H I(JI3CCOB A-II U A-III Mo-
rYT Bblno..1HHTbCH ties nonepeq-
HblK CTep>KHeii B npeJ1enax
CThlK8 (pac. 33).
2.51. ,lIJIHHa H3x..1eCTKH
.. .
CB8pHbIX ceTOK c rnaAKOH pa-

oqeA 3pM3TypoA npM HanK-
'IHH ABYX npHB8peHHbIx aHKepYIOUlHx CTep>KHeA H3 J{nHHe H8-
xneCTKH UJIII C p.a60qeH 8pM3Typoii nepHOAHQeCKOrO npO
HnH Oe3
H"
KepylOW-ux nOnepeQHbIX CTep1KHeA npHHuM8eTcH B COOTBeTCTBHH C Tpefio..
B8HKHMH n. 2.46 H8CToHw.ero PYKOBO,nCTB8. ,
npH npHB8pKe nOnepeqHblX aHKep)'IOlltHX crep>KHeA K paooll'HM
crepHcHHf1 nepHOJlJ-f'leCI{O£O npo$aRH CB8pHblX ceTOK J1"TJHHa Hax..1ecTKff,
onpeJ1-eneHH8H no YK833HHHM h. 2.46 HaCTOBw.ero PYKOBoAcToa, MOJKeT
6bl
b, YMeH,bWeHa Ha:


8J


tdH
.fOd


40d


JIJ.


2


15d


J


10d


Ii


1511


PUC. 29,. fpa$HKH ,nnH onpe,neJIeHHSI
AJlHHhI H8XJleCTKH 3pMaTypUbiX CTep>K-
HeA B CTbIK3-X 6es CBap'K1-f B KOHCTPYK-
l(HHX H3 6eTOHa paSHb1X MapOK


a - AJlHRa 1f8xnecTKH paCTjlHYTblX CTep)({Heft
nepHOAHQeCKOrO npo4»HJl5( B paCTSlIIYTOM 6e-
TOHe; 6 - ,AnHH8 HaxJ1ecTKH paCTBHYThJX
R.nR C)K
 TbiX CTep>KHeA nepIlOAH1JeCKOrO DPO"
.H.RR B C>K8TOM 6erof1e; 8 - .n.nHH8 HaXneCT-
KH I'na,AKUX CTep*HeA; I - paCTH"YTblX
. KnaCCa B-1 B paCTRHYT-OM oeTOHe; 2 - TO )Ke,
KJlaCCe A- I; 3 - paCTSlHYTblX unH C>K8ThJX
Knecce 8..1 B C>K8TON oeTOHe; 4 -- TO >Ke,
KJlaCca A-I


3-


35




1


if


1


J


2


1


1


J
/-
/OI
1


t




 i


PIIC. 30. YCT8HOBKB ,lI.0110JIHHTeJIbHOfl nOnepeQHOH. ap1taTypbl B 30He
CTbIKOBaHUH P8CTHHYTblX CTep>KHeH BH8XJIecTKY 6e3 CBapKH
1 - cThIKyeMble CTep>l{HH; 2 - Y1J8CTKH XOMYT8, HCnOJlb3yeMble B K8
eCTBe none..
pe'JHoA 8PM8TYPbl CTblKa; 3 - CDHp8J1H; 4 - cneQ.HaJlbHble XOMYTbl, YCT8H8BJIHB8e--
Mble B 30ue CTblK8 cTepmHeA AH8MeTpOM 60nee 28 MM


1






.......-


1-1


2


12-
=
 --


z


.
1
-='-=l


5d I-
lH 11


'4d


1






tf')
'-' 1\ .J:..


2


2


t


.:J.


1
1


t


t


t


PUC. 31. Yt;raHOBKa AOnOJIHHTeJILHOA nOnepeQHOH apM8TypbI B 30He
C1'bIKOB BHaXJIeCTKY crep>KHeii C neTJIHMH
J - cTblKyeMlale
TepX<HB C neTJlSlMH H8 KOHu.ax; 2 - nOnepe1JH3ft apM8Typa CTbl"
K8; 8.... u.eHTp neTJlH


36




a)



.


d2
 1/Jd f
]


0)




t'II 0


j


lH
d 2
r
..



t'II ...... tIi







i g


iN t
d 2
lra
.
ul

 u


J ! l


8)

tft


d 0


PIIC. 32. CTbn<H CBapUbJX ceTOK BHaXJIeCTKY (6e3 CBapKH) 8 H8npaBne"
lUlU pa60'leH apMaTypbf U3 rJlaJ1KHX CTepJKHeA
Q - paCnpeAeJlHTeJ1bllt.le nOnepe1JHble CTep>KHH pacnOJlO>l<eHbI 8 0J1110A nnOCKOCTH;
t), S - pacnpe,ll.eJlH1:eJlbUble CTep>KUH pacnOJlOJKellbJ B pa3HblX nnOCKOCTRK


a) ...;
 tl2
 113d,
-f ft ft -. 1J

J II
j
lH
6)
d 2

 ft

 ft 0
 t
.... ... 0 D
J j
IH
B) ..
 1
 d 2



 '"
 0
01 n 0 d J
J lH- 5d t J
2) d 2



 ft ft ft ft
 .
- ... . t'II ft A

J lH- 8d ,l


PHC. 33. CTbIKH CBapUblX ceTOK BH8XJIeCTKY (6e3 CBapKH) B 1I8npaB-
JlenHH pa60Qeu apM8Typbl us CTep>KHeH nepHO.l1HQeCKOrO npO
HnR
Ct. 6 - nonepeQHb1e CTepm.IlU B npe.ll.eJlax CTbtK8 OTCY"JCTBYIOT B o6eHX CeTKax HJlH
:rOJlbKO B OA80ft; B. e - UP" OJlHOM IInM AByX 8HKepYIOUJ.I(X nOneS1eQnbiX CTep)K.
uax B npeAe.nax CTb1K8


37




5 d - "p" OJl.HOM nonepetllJOM aHlepYJ01.U.HM CTep>KJle;
8 d - npH ,llBYX nOnepeQHblX aHKepYI01.U.HX CTep>KHi1x.
80 Beex cnyqaflx A.IJHHa HaXJleCTKH ,lJ,OJ}))(H8 6bJTb He MeHee 15d
,
 paCTHHYTOM 6eToHe H 10 d B C>i<aTOM

ToHe.


u


so

 ".80







,
.A-{-



a)


t



=-


5)
i 6






..


Q
50



I ..





I
}9


8)



g


----'-


o .
 100
 "
-



...::t
A
p{



2)

 "


.. ",J 100. r
 1

100:. -
 100
.ol
t5di W_
15d
 1: =4
_ JJ-
1
IG





I
"




0)

«-



I
v
=t


PHC. 34. CTbJI<H CBapHblX ceTOK B' Hepa6o t l€M HanpaBJleHHH (B Hanp
B'"
neHHH pacnp'jlI,eJtHTeJJbHOH apM8TYPbJ)
. ,
4, 6 _A npM AH8MeTpe pacnpe)J.eJlHTeJlbHOH apMBTYPbl .no 4 MM DKJlIOtnITeJlbJio;' s,
2 - npH AH8MeTPf' pacnpe
enHTeJ1bHOA ap'MaTYPbl 60nee .. MM; iJ - npH AHaM'et...
pe paC5o'leit apM8TypbJ 16 MN B c)oJ.lee


: 2.52. CTblKH cnapHblx ceTOK B Hepa60QeM HanpaBJIeHHH BhlnOJlHH-
Ip.TC.
 BlJaXJlecTKY C nepenycKoM, t1.JHTaH Me>K
Y KpaHHuMH pa6otiifM"H
,.., . So
CTep>KHHMH ceTKH:
"8) npH
HaMeTpe pacnpe.neJlHTCJlbHOH apMBTypbl 1l.0 4 MM BKnio'lll-
TeJlbHO - Ha 50 MM (pHC. 34, a If 6) ; ,.. · ·
6) npH J1HaMeTpe pacnpe,n.eJ1HTeJlbHOH apMaTypbI 60Jlee 4 MM - H8
100 MM (pHC. 34,8 H 2). . .
'., npu ,lJ.HaMeTpc pa60QeH BPMBTypbl 16 MM H 60Jlee cBapHble ceTKH
B Hepa60QCM HanpaBneHHH
onycKaeTcfl YKJla
HnaTb BnpHTMK
pyr K
p.PyrYt
epelpblBaH CTblK cnenUaJlbHhlMH CTblKOBhlMH CCTKaMl1, YKna-
J.(hls8:eMblMH c nepenycKoM B 13}KJ1YIO CTOPOHY He MeHee 15 J1H3MeTpOB
pacnpe,nenllTeJJbIJoii apMaTYP
 u He MeHee 100 MM (pile. 34,0)., .
., CBapJlble, ceTi<H B Hepa60QeM nanpaBJleHHH 1l.0nycKaeTcH yI<..'1aJu"
BaTb BnpHTblK 6e3 HaXJleCTKH H oes
OnOJlHHTenbHbJX CT
KoB'ce¥oK
B
CJle
YlOmHX cnY'l aflX;


38




s) npH YHnaAKe CBapH
X nOnOCOBMX ceTOK B ABYX B3aHMHO uep

neHAUIynHpHbIx °Hanp8BJleHHHX;
r) np" HanHqUH B MecT8K CTNKOB
OnOnHHTenbHorO KOHCTpy
THB-
.,
Horo ap.MHpOBaHHH B llanpaBneHUH pacnpe.aeJUITeJIbHOH apMaTYP
.
2.53. npu CTblKOBalUfU BHaxnecTKY cBapHblx KapKaCOB 8 6


ax
H8 ,D.nHHe CThlKa He38BHCUMO OT AHaMeTpa pa60QHX Crep>KHeH AOJlH<U8
CT8BHTbCH
ononHHTenbHaH nOnepeQH3S apMaTypa B BHAe XOMYTOB un"
KOpblToo6p83HO corUYTblX CB.apHblX ceTOK. nnOID-8Ab CeqeHHH aToB ap-
MaTypbl AOJJJKH3 COCTaBJIBTb He MeHee 0,5 Fa, a war AonOnHHTeJIbHblX
nORepeqHhlX CTep>KHeA B npe,ll.eJIax CTblHa ,llOn>KeH OblTb He OoJlee 5 d,
rAe .d - H3'HMeHbWHH AHaMeTp npO,J1onbHblx p8()OQHX cTep>KHeii, Fa-
nJlOII(8Ab nOnepeqHOrO CeqeH'HjJ pa60tJeA npOAonbHoA apMaTyphi.

H YKasaHHa OTHOCHTCH H K CT
KoBaHmo BH3aH
X KapK8COB.
npH CTblKOBaHHH BHaxnecTKY CBapHblX (H B'SI38HblX) K'apK8COS l(eH-
TpaJiLHO H BHeJ.(eHTpeHHO C)I(8TblX 9J1eMeHTOB (llanpHMep, KOJlOHII) B
npeAeJiax CTblK8 AOJ))f(Hbi CTaBHTbCSI AOnOJlHHTeJthllhie X'OMYTW H8 pac-
C-.TORHRSlX He 60nee 10 d.


3AKnAl1HblE AETAJIH


2.64. 38KJI8J(Hlale AeT8J1B AJUI >Keneao6eTOHHblx KOHCTPYKftM'A c...e..
JJ.Jer, K8K npaBHJIO, npHMeHftTb Y HJl tlUfI),UPOB8HHble no )l.eHCTBYIOII(IItI
rocTaM H cepHBM. npH HeB03M01KHOCTH npHMeHH:rb THnOBbie 8'8«.fIU"
Hwe AeT8nH HX cneAyeT KOHCTpYHpoBaTb B COOTBeTCTBHH C peKOMeHAa e
_HIIMB S8CT031.I(ero pa3Aen8.
2.05. 3aKJla,D.Hhle AeT8J1H Moryr 6b1Tb paCqeTllblMH, T. e. otJJl8AatB--
II(IIMH onpeJleneHHoH 3'8J18HHOA npOIJHOCTblO ,nnJl BOCnpB1ITHH AeACTBytO-
UC;IIX Ha ,neT8
1h YCHnHu, H HeI?3CQeTHhlNH, ,YCT8H8BJIHSaeMWMH RO KOH-
CTPYKTHBHbI
1 cOO6pa.>KeHHHM, B KOTOp
X cBapHble coeAHHelfHft M6f'yr
He H'MeTb HopMHpyeM)'1O npOqHOCTb. 
'2.56. npRMeHHIOTCJI CJ1eAYIO
He TRDbi S81{Jl811HblX AeT8JJeA:
8) H3 JlHCTOBoro. CopTOBoro BJIB fjJacoHHoro npOK8Ta "C npHBapeil.
UYM.JI 8HKep8.IH;
6) COCTOHUJ.He TOJIbKO 83 nHCTOBoro, COpTOBOI'O HJlH tacOHH9r9
opoKaTa (B TOM lIBcne WT8MUOB8HHble). '
AnH 38KJIal1HNX .lI.eT.aJJeH, KOTopble KOHCTPY"PYIOTCSI TOJ1bKO H3 .JI1fC..
Toaoro, CopTOBoro WlH tacoliHoro npOKaTa B' K8QecTBe aHKepOB, Kal(
Rj)a8Hno, HcnOJlb3YlOTCB 8pMaTypHble Crep>KHH >KeJleso6eTOHHoco 3Jle..
MeHTa, 'C KOTOpblMB OHD COe.ll.HHBJOTCH S OOJlbWHHCTBe CJIyqaes py'lftol

yroBOH CBapKoit
IIITaMIIOBaHHble S8Knall.Hhle AeT8J1H H3rOTOBJIHIOTCH MeTO,D.OM Bill..
py6KH Ha npeccax H KOHCTpYHPYIOTCB t KaK npaBHno,
e3 CneI(B8J1Wt..
fU{KepOB. Hx npHMeHSlIOT B KaqeCTBe Hep-aCQeTHblX 38KJl8AHWX JleT.aJl
,
RpHlieM AnB Tex 06'beKTOB, rAe BMeerCfi Cnel.lU8J]hHoe 060PYA08aHHe
H OCBoeHO npoH3BOACTBO T8"KHX AeT8neA.
2.57. PacnonaraTb 3aKn8,l}Jlble AeT8J1H B >Keneso6eToHHoM 3J1eMeR.
Te peKoMeHAyeTcH TaK, qTO()bI HapY>KHble nOBepxHocTU CT8nbHOrO npo..
KaTa. K8K npaBUJlO, HaXOAHJlUCb S OAHOH nnOCKOCTH C nOBepXHocTblO
COO1'BeTCTBYlOllteH rpaHH SJleMeHT8. npHMeHHTb BblCTynalOlltHe 83 nJlo.
CKOCTH 6eTOHa 381<na,LlHble ,neT8J1H He peKOMeHl1YeTC1I.
.l{onYCKaeTCS npHMeHHTb «YTOnJ1eHHble
 3aKJl8AHHe AeTaJlH, 80 He
60nee qeM H8 TonUJ.HHY a81ltHTHoro CJ10B ()eTOHa.
B CJJYQ8e H3rOT.()BneHHS c60pHoro )KeJle300eTOHHoro 9J1eMeHTa C 3a..
rJl8H<HBaHHeM nOBepxHocTH MexaHH3MOM CT8J1bHble nnaCTHHbI co CTOpO-


39




Hb1 STHX nOBepxHocTCi'I
OJUI<HbI 6b1Tb 38rJly6.!1ei1bl B 6erOH He MeHee
qeM H8 5- MM.
2.58. KOHCTpYKU.H1J paCqeTHbiX 3aKJIaltHblX AeTaJlcu C npnBapeHHbI-
MH K HHM 9JIelfeHT8MIf, KOTopble nepeJ18lOT H8rpY31Y H8 38KJIa,ll,Hble /J.e-
TaJIU, .aOJI>KH8 06J1a,n.aTb ,nOCT8TOQHOH }KeCTKOCTblO ,ll,JJ1J o6ecneQeHH1J
paBHoMepHoro pacnpeJ1.eJleHHH YCHJIHU Me){{.lI.Y pacTHfIYTblMII 8lfKepaMn H
p8BHoMepHoH nepe.lI.a'lH C>KHbtaIOInHX YCHJlHH Ha 6eTOH.
2.59. He peKOMeH.lI.yeTcH KOHCTPYHPOB8Tb 38K
la)J.nble .lI.eT8JJH C npH"
BapeHHblMH K HH!'vI CTaJIbHblMH JIHCT8MH HJJH nOJIOCaMH t p83pe381OUJ.HMH
6eTOH !f8 tI8CTH. npH Heo6xo.lI.HMOCTH npHlleUeHH1J T8KHX 38KJJa,lI,HblX
AeTaJIeH HY>KHO npeJ!YCM8TPHB8Tb cneu.HaJIbHble MeponpHHTHfJ npoTHB
p8CCJIOeHH1J 6eToll8 t H8npUMep YCTpoAcTBO oTBepcTuH B JJHCT8X.
2..60. B 60JIbllIUX nJJ8CTHH8X 38KJI8.lI.HbIX .lI.eT8JJeH, H8XO,ll,HInHXC1J
npH 6eToHHpoBaHHH >KeJJe306eToHHoro 3J1eMeHTa BBepxy H 3aKpblBalo-
IUnK nOJIHOCTblO HJIH 6oJlbllIYlO q8CTb cpaHH 6eToHupyeMoro 3JIeMeHTa,
CJIe
yeT npe
ycMaTpuB8Tb O
HO UJIU HeCKOJJbKO oTBepcTuM AnH B
xoAa
B03,aYX8 H KOHTpOJIH KaqecTBa SaJIHBKH
OpMbI 6eTOHOM.
3aKJI8/J.HbJe J1eT8JIH MorYT T8K}Ke HMeTb YCTPOHCTB8 ){JlH KpenJleHHB
K
OpM8M (HanpHMep, OTBepCTH1J B nJI8CTHHax)t ynopbI ,aJIH BocnpHSI-
TH1J C
BHraIOInUX YCHJIHH. apM8TypHble KOpOTblWH, cJIY>Kaw.He ,aJISI
HK"
CaIJ.HH nOJIO>KeHH1J pa60qeH 8pMaTypbl HJIH caMoH 3aKJIa.lI.HOH
eTaJlH,
60J1TbI )I.JIH coe
HHeHHH }KeJle306eTOHHbIX 3JIeMeHTOB H T. n.
2.61. B pa60QHx QepTe>Kax B COOTBeTCTBHU C Tpe60B8HHflMH rJIaBbi
CHun no 3aWHTe cTpoHTenbHblx KOHCTPYKIJ.HH OT KOpp03HH CJle,lI,yeT
npe
ycMaTpHBaTb 3aw.HTY 3aKJ1a
HbIX
eTaJIeH. 3KCnJlY8T8u.HSI KOTOpbIX
B03MO}KHa Ha OTKpbITOM B03
yxe, B He3aInHIneHHblX DJIH HeH8
e*HO 3a-
lUUIneHHbIX CTblKax H T. n. npu 9TOM B Qepre}K8X /J.OJI>KHbI YKa3blBaTbCH
x8paKTepHcTuKH aHTHKopp03HOHHblX nOKpbITHii.
2.62. B pa60Qux 1JepTe>K8X p8CXO,n CTaJIH H8 88KJJ8AHbIe /J.eT8JIH
CJIe.lI.yeT YKa3b1BaTb OT.aeJIbHO OT pacxo){a CTaJJH Ha apM8TYPHbIe H3-

eJIHSl >KeJIe306eToHHoro 3JIeMeHT8. B Macce 38KJJ8
HblX /J.eTaJJeH C npH-
B(peHHblMlf aHKep8MH BKJIIOQaeTCH M8cca 9THX 8HKepoB. ECAH 38«Jl8
"
Ha1J
eT8JIb COCTOHT TOJIbKO H3 JIHCTOBOro, CopToBoro HJ1H
acoHHoro
npoKaT8, npHB8pHBaeMoro K 8pMaType >KeJIe306eToHHoro 9J1eMeHT8, TO
M8cca 3aKJI8AHOH
eT8JIH npHHUM8eTC9 paBHOH TO
bKO M8cce YK83aH.
Horo npoKaTa.
2.63. M8P[{8 npoKaTHoH CT8JIH
JISl 3aKJJ8)lHOH ,neT8.I1H Ha3HaQ8eTCH
B 3aBUCHMOCTU OT ycnOBHH 3KCnJIyaTaIJ.HH KOHCTPYK
IiH COrJI8CHO
npHJJ. 3 H )10JI>KH8 YAOBJIeTBOpflTb Tpe6oB8HHHM cooTBeTcTBYIOInHX
rOCTOB.
2.64. Pa3Mepbl JIHCTOBOro, CopToBoro HJlH
acoHHoro npoKaT8 3a..
KJla,nHbIX .lleT8JIeA Ha3HaQalOTCH H3 YCJJOBHH o6ecneq
HHSl:
np01fflOCTH H }KeCTI{OCTH nJIaCTHH C yqeTOM B03MO>KHblX 3KcueHTpH-
I.HTeTOB npIIJIO}KeHHB HarpY30K;
pa3Mew.eHHSI Heo6xo)I.HMOro KOJIHtJeCTB8 aHKepoB C y'!eToM nOJlO}Ke..
HH1J npHMblKalOInHX 8PM8TypHblX 9JIeMeHTOB;
npO'lHOCTH H y
o6cTBa BbinOJIHeHHH cBapHblx coe,nHHeHHii;
pa3MeU(eHHH COe.lI.HHHTeJJbHblX HaKJI8
OK H MOHTa}KHblX CBaplJbJX
lIIBOB npH CTbIKOBaHHH C60pHblX >KeJIea06eToHHbIX 9JIeMeHTOB;
/J.onycK
eMNx OTKJIOHeHHH npH pa3MeIneHHH 3aKRa
HblX
eTaJIeH B
>KeJJe306eTOHHOM 3J1eMeHTe npH ero MOHTa>Ke;
Y/J.06cTBa
HKCaIJ.HH 3aKJIaAHOH
eTaJIH B c1JopMe;
K8QeCTBeHHoH YKJJ8
KH oeToHa no
 nJI8CTHHOH;
Mex8HH3HpoB8HHoro SarJla)KHB8HHB nOBepXHOCTeii 1Kene306eToHHoro
H3)I.eJIJUI.


40




P83MepbJ CT8JTbHblX l1.naCTHH H npO
HJ1fl 38I{JJ8)J.HbIX AeTaJIeii pe-
KOMelJ.ayeTcH H83Ha1.J8Tb YHH
H
lJpOBaHHbIMH, qro6bJ 110,,'IYQaJIHCb O)J.HHa..
KOBbre 38rOTOBKlI, AJISI H3rOTOBJleHHH KOTOpbIX :MO}l{HO npllMeHHTb Me..
X3HH3HpOB8HHble cnocp6bI IlIT8MnOB8HHlI HJIH pe3KII.
C ne.,JJblO YHH
HI{8nI1H 3aKJIa,lI,Hble )J.eT8JIH H CTblKH 1Ke..'1e306eTOH-
IlblX 3JIeMCHTOB cne)J.yeT KOHCTpYUPOB8Tb TaK, tITOGbi p83Mepbl I1J18CT.HH.
no B03
10>KHOCTH, He 3aBHCeJ1H OT p83MepOB ceqeHHH cTblKyeMblx }KeJJe..
306eTOHHbIX 3JIeMeHTOB.
Ec.nH p83MepbI n«118CTUHbI H83Ha.tI8IOTCH 6JlU3KHMH K pa3Mepy ce1.Je-
HHH >KeJJe306eTOHHoro 3JIeMeHTa, CJJe.u.yeT yqlfTblB8Th HK )J.onYCKaeMble
OTK.nOHeHHH, I1pe.aYCMOTpCHHble AeficTBYIOW.UMH HOpM8THBHblMH AOKY"
MeHTaIfIl, H o6ecneQHTb B03MOLKHOCTb CBo60.lJJ-IOH YCTaHOBI<U 38KJIa,ll"
HOll )J.eT8nH B
OPMY.

JI
 06eCneQeHHH nl1'lOTHOrO 38KpblB8HHH 60pTOCH8CTKIJ "plJ (SeTO"
HlJpOBaHHH c60pHoro >KeJJe306eTOHHoro 3JIeMeHT8 pa3Mepbl CT8JIbHblX
nJI8CTHH, ecnH OHM nOJJHOCTblO 38KpbIB81OT rpaJIb 9neMeHTa, ,llOJI>KHbl
Ha3HaQ8TbCfl MIUII-IMYM li8 5 M
I MeHblIJC C K8}t{)J.oii CTOpOHbl rpaHJ.I
(pIfC. 35).


la}
1-1
- 2
,s 5 1 5
2
1



PHC. 35. I-Ia3H8qeHHe p83MepoB nJIaCTHH a8KJI8AHbIX .neT8JIeH H3 yc.:l0-
BUB n.JIOTIiOro 38KpbJB8nH
 60pTocHacTKu
OpMbI npH 6eToHHpOBaHH"
3.JleMeHTa
a - H8 60KOBO.it rpaHH; 6 - Ha TOp
OBOR rp8HH: 1 - }l(eJ1e30()eTOHHbIA
Jle"ieHT;
2 - CT8JIbH8S1 n.n8CTHU8 38KJl8AHOii JJ.eTaJlH


2.65. TOJJID.HH8 0 CT8JJbHOrO "PO
HJIH HJIH nJIaCTHHbI )J.JllI 3aKJIaA-
1I0H )J.eT8J1H ,Z(on}{{H8 y,Z(oBJleTBopSlTh YCJ10BHSlM npOtIHOCTU, >KeCTKOCTH
H YC.JIOBHHM TeXHo..'IOrHH CB8pKH.
no yc.nOBHHM >KeCTKOCTH 38KJIa,Z(HoH .neTaJ1H TOJ:IAUH8 nJIaCTHHbI .nO,,1-
)1Ha 6b11'b He MeHee 3H3QeHHii, YK838HHbIX B T86J1. 8.


T86nHu.a 8


K.nacc CT8nH
nJl8CTlfHbi


MHIIHM3.nbU8S1 TOJIl1{HH8 n.n8CTHHbI S8((.n8AHbIX AeT8neA I)
npH 8tlKep8X, npHBapeHHbJX B'f8Bp 83 8PM8Typb1 KJl8CCa


A-I


A-II


I


A- III


C38/23
C46/33


0,41 d
0,31 d


0,52 d
0,40 d


0,66 d
0,50 d


4)




0'>


'=:t

f.to)
L

.', . .. "I 2

1 1.
.r)"-I '=s



CN"'"

"'

 .


 ':3

 ...,.,




 N N

f,)

0) N


 .
ki
 .1
.



 t
-ll ", It. '"
"'

 I .1
g
 ...
t
.a
s:;



8 t)
 If:)

 It) It')
t) t) ....
 ....
 to-

;= . Q .. . . . - ..
Q Q 0 0 0 Q 0
Do: :2



a ;0-
S
to-
o ItS:
0
W ;'I,
» :a
:zs s:; t) Q
 Q <Q. <8' (a)
G1 Q



 01 .' 01 .. ,..
 ....
I = ..
CJ
a.

(G
:2
Go) i
!
.A ..
!



:I
q,t i
£:'&"
t: t; go Q
 ext
 00 0 Get
=
:2 - ....
=
=
::g
:I
! .... ....


 ....
 ... ....
.... .....
 - ... ....

Q I , . , < J:

2 «( «( < <
Q.


· · · Q>'E- '

O<VC;S:S:u o
.-.
5e
;o -=:
t<
u .
1:{C;Sf-::C'-' "

 :c
=
«IJ:
S- 0_"
 Q'
=: 8 C c:


c;s as C"') «
t
CQ Do:

-",-
U

 . I --&!S

C::;JI E-
 .. ill
2-9=
<v0) ., ':Ia

2!



 t:.


Q)Q.f-f-.... 1::(4JQ.


«5
d


c:;
10-
«J




42





 i 09
 l t


,





. .
 I



 -J!.

 g




..
Q




Q




Q




 ""

 .... ....










o Q Q

 .... ...


-
.... ....
.... ..... ....
I , .
< < c(


.
..


QJo:;
Q.tU
=;

 1&»,
:t:
.
a:. 0

i-'

H6
:.:tI:

t






'",





t
,,


';:'











.
 IDT

i<1



't , I Q

 i{


U
9


:(0
'

c:.
,GO
I
Q.
c::
0;


Q)
(Q
&:Q
=


t-
c;s
::s
u


Q.
t:


at;)
"-
..
Q


U')
"":.
Q


:a
::c
I:)


o
t




4i
::c
a
QJ
=
&:Q
(J
=




t)
....
o


Q Q Q
.qt
 .qt



.
1t);I:S:

 Q,)

 :=
=*
(O-Q.
:z:: 0)
4) t-4
a tJ
..Q

:I: :a
4U :=
:E Q.

QJ
,.Q

.... :3:
:a to
"':a
t

;E J;
o

::E




= a
i-' 2
<J 0;:

 :I:
I=i: :=
=


 Q)
$ g
a :i

 =
f-I ::c
:s=
aJ I:;
=: 0
= Q
tU ==
a:r t

 0
:s

=

a.:E
t:a:.
Q)
'"
(II
Q.
43


Q Q Q
.... -' ..


-
.... -
.... .... ....
, , t
< < <




o;:

«I:Q

::
...:t x
>.«Jo;:
i::(


o;
!-
tU:: tJ
::c4.>

trt'f>&:Q


(wo
c.
o




TaOJJHI.t8 10


CRapKa


JI
c..


...
QJ




m
()
(J








npCAenbHblC
p83MepLJ 11
COOTIIOUICI1 H 11
d" I'rIIf


t
.g
t;
C'I
i
=c:
:S::B
2=




,21
==
UJ:I

a:;



:!:!


.
:.
==4)
=0
2=



;c-



,


=<11
=0
:!:t
.Q
.1:;

(V





8CKfl3





t=
 . ....

K OIl'C8 KTfla Sf pe.nb- A.I 6 14 0.3
e
HO-TOqeIJHaSl
(O.nH8 TOfJK8), co- A.II 10 14 0,3
eJJ.JH'eUHe THna
H-I no rOCT A-III 6 14 0,3

19292-73 '"""
"-'





2d





r= ' . - - I

IOfJTaKTH
Ut peJ1b" .1., 6 16 0,3 90°1:3.
c4Jflo
Tollelnl<l.fl
(,lI.Be TO'lKH) , co- A-II 10 16 0,3

ClJ,'Uteffue TJina

IH-2 no rOCT ..1-111 6 16 0,3

19292-73 "' +

2d bJd
2d



r= t: '-....11'......... .


 a.5d tt- l
1.5d


A-I 8 40 0,3 3
PY
JHa Sf .nyroB8H A-II

Jl a II rOB hi M II UJBa - 10 40 0,3 4
.NH
..1-111 8 40 0,3 4








1-1
-






11m:: 425d,1I0 He MeHee 4MN
81JJ = 45d, NO He MeHee 8 MM


44




no yC.nOBHlIM TeXHOJIOrHU CBapKH TOJIWJIHa np04>H.s111 UJIU n,,'1aCTH-
1I?1 AOJUKHa 6b1Tb He MeHee BenHQHH, YKa33HHblX B Ta6J1. 9 H 10.
.. ,UJUI paClIeTHbiX SaKJlaJ1HblX .neTaJleH CTaJJhI-lOH JIUCT TOJlInHHOf;i Me.
Hee 6 MM npHMeHlITh He .nonYCKaeTCSI. TOJJUlHHa CTeHOK HJlH 110.nOK cop'"
TOBoro UJIH 4>acOHHoro npOKaTa .nJlH 3THX 3aKJIa,Z1HbIX )):eT8
'1eH )):OJl>KH3
6b1Tb He MeHee 5 MM.
npH KOHCTpYHpOBaHHH HepaClIeTHbIX 3aKJIa.nHbIX .neTaJJeH YKasaH.
IIbIe TOJIIUHHbi MorYT 6b1Tb YMeHbweHbI H8 1 MM.
2.66. AHKepbl SaKJIa,nHblX .neTaJIeii CJleJI,yeT KOHCTprUpoBaTb npe-
RMYlI{eCTBeHHo H3 apMaTypHbIx CTep>KHeH.
,UJlH aHKepoB saKRa
HblX .neTaJIeH peKoMeH
yeTcH npeHMYIUecTBcH-
HO npHMeHlITh apMaTYPY nepHO,l(UqeCKOro npo4>HJIlI KJIaCCOB A-II HJJH
A-III. B cJlyqae npHMeHeHUll .n.nH aHKepOB paCqeTHbiX aaKJI3AHbIX ]J.e-
Taneu apM8Typbl KJIaCCa A-I He06xo
HMO npeJ1ycMaTpHBaTh H3 KOHuax
aHKepHblX CTep}l{HeU YCHJleHHH.

8PKY apMaTypHoH CTaJlH nJIlI aHKepOB cRe
yeT HaSHallaTh C yqe-
TOM Tpe6oBaHHH, H3JJO>KeHHbIX B npHJI. 2.
2.67. rIpH KOHCTPYHpoBaHHH paClleTHbiX 38KJIaJI,HblX )teT3JIeH npH,-
MeHHI01' B OCHOBHOM
Ba THna aHKepoB:
'C. aJ npHB8pHBaeMbIe K nJIaCTHHe BTaBp (HopMaJJhHble aHKepa), 9TH
aHI{epbl npenSlTcTBylOT OTPbIBY H C,l(BHfY 3aKJJa.nHoii j1eTaJJH;
6) npHBapHB8eMbIe K OJIaCTHHe BH8XJJeCTKY (HaXJIeCTOqHble 8HKe-
pbI), 3TH aHKepb) npenmCTBYIOT C,lI.BHry S8KJIa.nHOH .neTaJIH.
I(OHCTpYHpOB8HHe 3aKJla,nHblX .neT8JIeii TOJIbKO C HaXJleCTOqHbH1II
aHKepaMH He .nonYCKaeTCSl. KpoMe HaXJleCTOqHblX )10JI>KHbI npe,llycMaT-
pHBaThCH T8K}Ke HopMaJlbHble aHKephl, J1a>Ke ecRU OHH He Tpe6yIOTClI
no paC'leTY.
,.QJIH o6ecneQeHHH He06xoJI,HMOH TOJIInHHbI SalI{HTHOro C..rIOll 6eTOHa,
()OJIee Ha.ne>KHOH 3a,l(eJIKH HaXJIeCTOqHOro aHKepa HJIH B03MO>KHOCTJ.I
ero p83MelUeHHH HaXJIecTOtIHblH aHKep peKOMeH,lI.yeTcSI OTrH63Tb Ha yrO.;1
15-30°. npH HeOOXOJl.UMOCTH no KOHCTPYKTHBHbIM coOOpa>KeHHHM JJ.O"
nycKaeTClI oTrn6aTb HaXJICCTOQHblii aHJ<ep ,Z10 60 0 no pHC. 36, a.
B CJIyqae, ecJIH 6eTOHHblH 38lLtHTHblH CJlOH HaXJIecTOqHOrO aHKcpa
M01KeT 6bITb o6ecneqeH 6e3 ero oTrH6a (HanpR!tlep, npH YTOnJIeHHhlX
SaKJI8,l(HblX .neTaJIJlX), OR MO>KeT 6h1Th npSlMHIM. O.D.HaKO npH 9TOM aHKe-
phI BMecTe C apMarypoH 1KeJIea06eTOHHOfO 3J1eMeHTa ,Z10Jl1KHbI OblTh ox-
Ba1..leHbJ XO!tIYTaMH HJIH .npyroii nOnepe'lHOH apMaTypoii (pHC. 36, 6).
P8CQeTHbie aHKepbl He peROMeHJl.yeTcH BbInOJIHSlTb npllMblMH.
2.68. ,[(JlH nepe.l1aQH CJ1BHralOllHX ycuJluii Ha oeroH )1onycKaeTcSI
KOHCTpYHpoBaTh SaKJIa,Z1HbJe .neTaJiH c ynopaMH H3 nOJIO
OBOH CTa.1"
HJIH Kpyr JIbiX KopoTbIweH.
BbiCOTY ynopoB peKoMeH.nyeTcH npUHHMaTb He MeHee 10 MM Ii He
oOJIee 40 MM (pHC. 37). npH pa3MemeHHH ynopoB B6J1HSH KpaH >KeJle-
306eToHHoro SJIeMeHTa .n.OJI>KHbI npHHUMaThCJI MepbI npOTHB OTKaJJbl-
BaHHSl 6eToHa (KocBeHHoe apMHpoBaHHe H T. n.).
Y nopbJ MorYT npHMeHSlTbCJI npH HaJlHtIHH npH>KHMalOlI{erO 3aKJIa,l(-
HYIO .neTaJIh YCHJlHH .D.JIH BOCnpHlITHSl 3HaKonepeMeHHblx c,nBHraIOLUHX
YCHJIHH, ecnH He npe.nCTaBJIHeTClI B03MO>KHblM paSMeCTHTh H81{J(OHHbie
aHKepb).
2.69. tIHCJlO HOpM8J1bHblX aHKepoB, npHBapeHHhlx BTaBp, eCJIH OT-
CYTcTByeT H3fH6alOlI{HH MOMeHT I Hanp8BJIeHHU, nepneH)1HKYJlSlpHOM
DJ10CKOCTH, B KOropOH pacnOnO>KeHbI aUKepbl, ,aOJI>KHO 6blTh He MeHee
,nBYX, a npH ,neftcTBliH Ha SaKJIaAUYIO ,neT8JIb H3fH()alOUefO MOMeHTa

He MeHee qeTlJlpex
 ..


45




I.}Hc.nO HaXJleCTOIJHblX aHKepOB, npHB8peHHblX BHaXJIeCTKY, eCJIH H
saKn3
HY
 AeTaJIL AeiicTByeT C.D.BHr81Otl.3S1 CHJ1a H ecJlH 3TH. aHlcepl
HY1KHLI no paCqeTY, ,lI.OJI}KHO OblTb He MeHee ).lBYX. n.pH 3TOM cneAYe'L
T8K>Ke npeAYCMaTp
BaTb He MeHee ,llBYX HopMaJlbH
X aHKepoB.
2.70. npo KOHCTPYHPOB3HHH 3aKJ1a,ll.1I0H AeTaJ1H peKOMeH,lI,YeTCA
npHHHMaTb 66.nLwee 113 B03MO
HblX qHc.no aHKepOB sa CqeT npHMeHeHHB
CTep>KHeH MeHbllJerO AHaMeTpa. PacnOJIaraTb aHKepbl CJleJ1yer paBHOMep-
HO H CHMMeTpHtIHO OTHOCHTeJlbHO nJIOCKOCTO AeHCTBHSI YCHJIHSI.
PaCCTOHHHJI Me>KllY OCSIMH 8HKea
pOB paCqerUbIX SaKJlt
HblX ACT8Jleft
,[lonlKHbI 6b1Tb He MeHee BeJlH'IHH,
npliseAeHHblX H3 pHC. 38, H He MeHee
BenHtIHH, Tpe6yeMblx no YCJIOBHBM
TeXHOJIOrHH CB3pKH (Ta6.n. 9 H 10).
2.71. ,lI.JlHHa HOPM811bHoro HJlH
HaXJlecTOqHorO aHKepHoco CTep>KIUI
(rnY
HHa SaAeJIKH aHKepa) paclJer-
HbiX S81{JIallrHblX J1.eTaneH onpeAeJlS-
eTCH paCqeTOl1 H3 BblKaJIhlBaHHe H
J10JI)KHa 6blTb He MeHee BeJIH'IHIlY
lau, onpeAeJUleMOH no YK338KHRM
n. 2.40 HaCTOSlwero PYKQBoAcTBa.
,l1J1IiHa 3HKepOBI(H laB HOpMaJlL-
Horo 8HKepa OTCIlHTblBaeTCH OT BHYT-
peHHeH nosepxHoCTH DJ18CTHHbI, a
HaX.HeCTOIIHoro - OT HaqaJl3 OTfHfia
-
H.flH AJISI npSIMblX CTep1KHeH OT TOp-
"
1(0808 KpO!tIKH n.naCTHHbI.
npH AeAcTBHH H3 'aHKep
we
CTep1KHH TOJlbKO CABHralO11tIfX HJlB
C)KHM81OW.HX YCHJlHA: ox AJIHH8 M

1KeT H8SHaQaTbCH aa 5d ,MeHbWe 3Ha.
lJeHHA, onpe.n.e.neHHhlX' no cj)OPMY ne
( II) .unH no rpacj>aKY pHC. 24. HO He
MeHee MHHHM8J1bHblX BeJJHIIIIH. Tpe-
6yeMbix n. 2.41 H8CTOHlllero PYKO'-
B0J1CTB3, a AJISI C60pHblX 9JIeMeHTOB
aaBOJ1CKOro H3rOTOBJIeHHA - He Me"
liee 15 d.
YK83aHHaSi
JUIHa 8HKepoBKif
MO)KeT t)blTL YMeHbweHa sa Cq.eT yc-


a)


1


1
,


<D


4


If


3


7
1
 o
 C(", JOe
JII.
fX'f04!R
1.0a


PHC. 3'6. KOHCTpyupoB3HHe sa.
KJl3AHOA ,lJ.eT3JIH C 8HKepaMH,
npHBapeHHblMH K nJIaCTHHe 8ua-
XJIeCTKY


Q - S8KJl8J1,H8S1 AeT8J1b C H3XJleCT01l-
"biM OTorHYTblM 8HKepOJt; 6 - TO )Ke.
c npHMblM 3-HKepoJl.f; I - (SeTON; 2-
nn8CTHH8 S8Rn81J.lloA n.eT&JUf; 3 -
aopM_nhHhlA 8f1Kep; 4 - oToruYThtA
8HKep: 5 - npSlMoA aJJKep; 6 - JJ.O-
nOJltfHTeJlhHbfe XOMYTbl; 7 - cBapK8


2


t


PUC. 37. KOHCTPYKUHlI 3aKJIall
OH AeTaJlH C ynopaMH AnSI nepe,Aa1fH H8
OeTOH cABHralOUlHx YCHJlHH
I - CTanbH8H DJiaCTHHa; 2 - HopM8nbHble 8HKephl; 3 - YDOP us DOJlOCOBOA aaJlII;'
4 - ynop U3 apM8TypHoro CTep1KHJI;. 5 - ynop HS CT8..1bHOft lIJIaCTHHY


46




!.l


.i!..


.!i


N
----






..>-


Q



/d

 ..

..
q,.


1!.


/d


1-1


2-2


N
.....-





 ......
..




t::J ""I



, , 
I'"


d
c
3-J ii-ii
-


!.1


Q


"


31 (J
..


-


c-=
1J
" t:3 oil:"
- ...,
c= ,
(..)


c: ..J

q . - ,
c) ... . 't:3
.
C"= "
(..)


Pnc. 38. Pa.cnOJlO>KeHHe paC1.JeTHblX aHKepoB 3aKJl8J1.Hb1X .lI.eT8JJeH
O#3:4d; b>6d; c>3d; l
8d (S,lJ.ecb d - p8C1leTHbl" AH8MeTp aHKepHoro CTep>KHJI)


TpoACTBa YCHJIeHHii Ha KOHuax crep>KHeii: npHBapKH 3H15epHblx nJJaCTHH
HJUI YCTpoHcTBa BbICa>KeHHblX ropS1JHM cnoco6oM aHKeptlhlX rOJIOBOR
)l.H3MetpOA' 2 It AJ1S1 CTep1KHeH H3 apMaTypbJ KJIaCCOB A..I H A
II H ,nHa-
MeTpoM 3 d ,nJlH CTep>KHeH H3 apMaTYPbl KJlaCCa A-III. B 9THX CJIy,qallX
AnKHa 8HKepoBKH onpe
eJISIeTCH paCq
TOM Ha BblKaJIMBaHHe H cMSlTHe
veTOHa H ,nOJl>KHa 6b1Tb He MeHee 10 d, r,ne d
 AHaMeTp aHKepa. '
: ECJJH no paCqeTY B)10Jlb aHKepOB B 6eToHe B03MO>KHO 06pa30BaHHe
TpeutHH, TO Ha KOHuax aHKepOB 06B3aTe
bHO YCTpoAcTBO YCHneHHA. _
J{JIHHY 3arOTOBOK HOpMaJlbHblX aHKepOB CJIe
yeT B cnenU<}.>HK811HSlX
Ua3HBllaTh c yqeTOM nltHnYCKa H8 OCa,Z1KY npH CBapKe BT3Bp. ,[(nHH3
IipiinYCK8 MO>KeT npHHHMaTbCSI paBHOH ,Z1HaMeTPY 8HKepa. .l1nHHY sa-
rOTOBOK cneAyeT Ha3HatJaTh KpaTHoii 10 MM.
2..72.- GBapHbJe coe,nHHeHHH aHKepoB c nJIaCTHHaMH CJIe.n:yeT KOHCT-
PYHPOB-8Tb B COOTBeTCTBHH' C fOCT 19292-73, a TaK>Ke no TaOJl. 9
If 10 HaCTOBlltero PYKOBO)1CTBa.


47




Pel(OMeu.nyeTcH npeAYCMaTpHB8Tb ,Z(yroBYIO CBapKY BT8b}J no,a CJ10..
eM cJ>J1JOC8 HJJU ){OHTaKTHYIO peJJbe<!>HO-TOqeqHYIO CBap.,y.
PyqH}TIO ,Z(yrOBYro CB8PKY T8BpOBbiX coe,nHHeHHA B p833eHKOB3HHble
OTBepCTHSI H3"3a 60JIbWOH Tpy.aoeMI{OCTI1 .l{onYCK8eTCft IlpHMeHSlTb TOJJb-
KO B CJIYQaflX O
CYTCTBHH Heo6xo.nHMoro o60PY.llOB8HHfl ,l1J1J1 aBTOM8TtI-
qeCKOH CBa pliU no,ll 4>JIIOCOM

PeJIbe4>Ho-TO'leIlHaJl CBapK3 ne ,Z(onycl<8cTCJI JtJJfJ 38KJIaD.HbIX Jl..e-
Ta.ne
H. npUMeHfteMbiX B 1{0HCTPY(UlfHX, nO,Z(Bep>l<eHHbIX ,AeHCTDHIO BH6pa-
l(HOHHbJX HarpY30I{.
Coe.nHueHUSI CB8pKOH 3.rJeMeIlTOB n.n8CTIUI ... npO
HJlbHOrO npOKaT8
"1e>f<,lI,Y c060ft KOHCTPYHpylOTCH B COOTBeTCTBI-IH C rJl8BOH CHnn Ha
u
npOeK'lHpOBa'Hne CTaJJbHblX KOJiCTPYl{UHI1.
.l(JIfI PYIJHOH Jl..yroBoii CBapKU apM8Typbl JJ 3JIeM
lITOB 3aKJ]8JIllblX
.neTalJeii c.ne,:tyeT H83Haq8Tb 3.neKTpO,AbI no raCT 946{)-75 H fOCT
9467-75 C !!e.,1b1M HeoTcnoHBllJHMCJI CYXHM nOKpbITHeM. Tun If M8PKY
3
eKTpoAoB cn
AyeT Bw6HpaTb COrJI3CHO HUCTPYK
HU no cnapKe coeftH-
tlCHHH apMaTypbI II 38KJIa,nllblX ,neTaJIeH >KeJIe306eToIIHbIX KOI1CTPYI<UHH
B 3aBJICJfI10CTH OT M8pOK CTanH. npH 3TOM )lJJSl cBapKH cTa..'Jeil p33HbI.k
MapOl{ THn 3J1eKTpo,na Ha
nf8qBeTCSl 110 MapKe CT3J111 MeHb1llei-i npo4-
HOCTH.


np"CnOCO&nEH"
 nn
 CTPOnOBKH


2.73. npu KOHCTpYHpoBaHHH C60PHblX >«eJIe306eTOHllbJX H3,Z(eJIHH
nO
!J)KHbl npe.nycMaTpHB8TbCH npHcnoco6JJeHUJI .lI.JUI y,no6cTBa cTponoBKH
.IX rpY303axB3THbIMH YCTPOHCTB8MH C UeJIhlO H3BJleQeHUSI H3- cjJOPMbJ. a
T3K>Ke npH norpY301JHo..pa3rpY301JHbIX H MOHT8>KHbIX paooT8x.
Cnoc06bl saXBBTB If pa3MelueUHe cTponollHbIx npHcnoco6neHuii CJle-
,AyeT H83HaqaTb C yqeTOM TeXHOJJOrUH U3rOTOBJIeHHSI H MOHT3>Ka }I(eJle-
30oeToHHoro H3,neJ1HH t a T8KX{C ero KOHCTPYKTHBHblx oco6eHHocTeii.
PaCI10JJo>I{CHHe MeCT cTponoBI<H }Ke.neao6eToHHoro H3JleJ]}IH onpe.ne-
J1fleTCJI, KpoMe Toro, p8CqeToM.
"2.74. CTpon01.IHble npHcnoc06JIeflHH AOJl>I,Hbl OTBe43'lb c.rle,nyIOUHM
TJ)eOOBaHHSlM:
npO'lHOCTIl npH MHoroKp8THOM 3arH6e;
Ha,Ae>l,HOH 3H.,epoBKu n 6eTone SJ1eMeHTB;
He npeOSlTCTBOB8Tb npoueccy 4>OpMOB8HHSI 9J1eMeUT8;
y,n06CTBa npOAeB8HHfl Q3J10QHbTX KplOKon HJJH npyrHx YCTPOHCTB
rpY30BblX CTponOB;
3KOHOMHH CTa.nH.
2.75. B 18QeCTBe npHCnOCOOJleHHH .nJIH cTponoBKH CUOPUhlX }I<eJ]e-
306eToHHblX 3JIeMeHTOB npHMeHSlloT:
HHBeHTapHble MOHTa1KHbIe BblBIIU'lUB810UJ.HeclI neTJllJ (pbll-1...60JJTbl);
cTpOnOBOqHble oTBepcTHfl co CTaJIbHblMH Tpy6K8MH;
CT8UHOH8pHbie MOHTa>KHbJe neTJlH H3 apM8TypHbiX cTep}J{BeH.
CTponoBKY >KeJIe300eToHHbIX 9JIeMeHTOB peKoMeHAyeTcSI npe.nycMaT

pHB81b, no B03MO>KHOCTH, 6e3 npHMeHeHJlH YCTpoiicTB t Tpe6YIOIlJ.HX pac-
xO,lIa CT8JJH nYTeM 06p830BaHHfl. yrJIy6JJeHHft, na30B, OTBepCTHH, 8 TaK-
}I{e HCnOJJb30B8HHH O'lepTalllJH )t{eJJe306eTOHHoro U3,l1,eJIlIfI (pHC. 39) .
B03MO>KHO COtIeT8HHe Jl..BYX BU,AOB npHCnOCOOJIeHH" flJlJl 3axBaTa" npe,Z(..
Hfl3HaileHIIbiX ,lI,lISI pa3JJHQHblX 3TBnOB nepeMelI{eHHlI }KeJIe306eToHHOro
U311e.nuSI.
2..76. ,[(JIH MOHTa>KHbIX (nOl1"beMHbIx) nereJib SJIeMeHTOB COOpHIJIX
}I,e.:JC'300CTOlulbtx It 6CTOHHblX KOIICTPYKIH" ,nOJl>K1I8 npHMeHHTbCH fOPS{-


48




1JeK8TSHaSl apMarypa KJIaCCa Ac-II H KJl8CCS A..I MapOK BCT3cn2.
H BCT3nc2.
B CJIyqae,' eCJIH B03MO>KeH MOHTa>K KOHCTPYKIJ,HH npH P8CQeTilOH
3HMHeH TeMnepaType flHme MHHYC 40° C, .l1J1S1 MOHTa}KHblX neTeJJb He P.O.
nYCKseTCSI npUMellHTh CT8J1b MapKH BCT3nc2.


a)


0)


1-1






J.!


2-2


2)


2
r-


8)


. I


11


0)


3-J


r2


Bblpe3 iJnR 3o)i8ama


PRC. 39. Cnoco6bT cTpOnOBKI1 C60PHhtX sneMeHTOB ()e3 npHMenel1HR sa-
KJI8,l1.HbIX cTpOnOBO'iHblX YCTPOHCTB
a - 3aXBa'r KMOfUlbJ C J<OllconRMH: 6 - saXB8T ()ecKOHCOJlbHoft I<.OJlOHUbl; 8 -- sax-
BaT 6anl<H:
 - 38'XBa-r ABYXBeTBeBOit KOJlOtfHb1; {J... aaXB8T t>JlOKa


4-661


49




PI


-


fl3


-


n*
-


/


a
.ns


-


n7


ta
..r::


nB






4::


let
fi9


-


Za


PUC. 40. P
Ko
eHAyeMbJe THnbl CTpOnOBOllHblX neTeJIb


2.77. Pe
OMeH.n.yeTcH CTpOnOB01JHb1e neTJID npHHHMaTb no THnoBoH
cepHH. EcnH npHMefteHHe THnOBbIX nereJlb HeB03MO}KHO J peKoMeHAyeTcH
KOHCTpyupoBaTb YHJlf}JHuHpoBaHllble neTJJH, H3rOTOBJISlTb KOTopble Mom...
no MexaHH3HpOBaHH
M cnoc060M.
2.78. ECJIH CTpOnOBO'lHbIC neTJIH He npeOJlTCTBYIOT H3rOTOBJIeHHIO
c60pHoro SneMelJTa (HanpUMept npu pyqHOM 3arJla>KHB8HUH .losepx..
HOCTH), TO HX KOHCTpyt{UHIO H YCTaHOBI<Y CJleJ1yeT npHHHMaTh no
pJ1c. 40. npH STOM npe)(n01JTeHUe peKoMeHAYeTCH OT.D.aBaTb 60nee opo-
CThlM B HSrOTOBJleHUU TunaM neTeJlb nl-n3 H JU1Wb B TOM cnyqae, ecJIH
9TH neTnH He pa3Mer.na1OTCSI B H3AeJIHH - npHMeHSlTb THObl n4-n9.
PaSMepbI STHX neTeJIb peKOMeH.lI.yeTcH Ha3HaqaTb no Ta6JI. 11.
2.79. ,L:(nSl u3JJ.eJIUn, HsroTOBJIeHUe KOTOpblX MO>KeT npoHsBo,nHThCB
C Sarna>KHB8HHeM OTKpblTOii rp8HH MexaHH3HpOB8HHbJM COOCOOOM. pe..
KOMeH.n.yeTcSI npe.nycMscrpHB8Tb neTJlH tl8 .npyrHx He06pao8TblBaeMbJX
..
rpaHHx HJJH pacnOJIaraTb npoYIllHHhI neTeJlb' HH>Ke SarJla>KHBaeMOH rpa..
HH B yrJly6JJeHHSlx"JfYHKaX no puc. 41 (<<YTonJ)eHHhle
 neTnH).


50




TaOJlHI{8 II






PeKONeUAYeMbie pa3Mepbi CTponOBOqHbI x neTeJIb, MM


o npHMWMH BeTBmtH


C OTOrHYTblMII BeTBSlMH


R


a.


1


.


d


I


,


at


6-12
14-18
20-,22
25,32


20
3()
40
60


30
50
70
100


75
11.5
155
230


113 YCJ10BHH saBeAeHHSI Q8J10'lHOrO KplOK8 CTpona B npOYWHHY
nYHKY
nellyeT paCnOJl8raT
 CO CMellleHHeM K CepeAHHe H3.l1eJlftSl OTHOCH-
TeJlbHO .DJlOCKOCTH npOYWHHbI. " .
2.80 41 npH M8JIblX pasMepax 6eToHHoro Ce'leHHSI, He .QonYCK8IOU(HX
:ycTpoAc'tBa nOCTOSlHHOH BbleMKH AJiSI «YTonneHHOH»- neTJlH t a TaJt>Ke
AJtJI B03
O)KHOCTH npHMeHeHUSI MeX8HH3HpOBaHHoro cnoco.6a aarJl81KK-


..c::


1-1
.7J


(.J




llH-eTp I paSMepbJ, 11M
crepJKHJI neT- I I I I I I I,
118 d, MM R a b c 11 '- h .
1-O
18. I 1
5 I 30 I 50 I 30 I 145 J 95 ) 95 I 25
20, 22 I 150 I 40 I 65 I 35 I 177 I 117 I 120 I 30
Puc. 41. .KeHcTPyupOBaHHe II ...
YTonneHHOH cTpOnOBOQHOft
DeTnH
4. 51




BaHHH OTKpbITOH rpaHH >KeJIea06eTOHHOrO H3)1.e.1HSl CJIeJlyeT npH
feHJlTb
neTJIH C na.ll21OUJ.HM (pHC 42, a) UJIM HHBeHTapHbJ
1 BbIBMHIIHOalOllI-IMCH
(pbIM-()OJlT) KO
YIhnOM (pHC. 42, 6). .l(lfaMeTp, H3 KOToporo H3rOTOBJISleT-
Cft KOJIbJ.(Ot .llOJI}KeH 6b1Tb H8 cTyneHb 60JILWe ,l(MaMeTpa. 'ipe6yeMoro no
Ta6JI. 12, HO He T'1enee 16 MM H U3rOTOBJlHTbCJI 1I3 CTaJJJf M8pKlJ BCT3cn2.


a) 1 0)
1

 16
;5
2 d
16%$


N
1
W d
1G
1-1
J (r:)
" 11




N


1


1


PHC. 42. I<OHCTPYKI(HD CTp0l10BOtIHOH neTnH C y6upalOIl.lHMcSI KOJIb1J.OM
a - C n8)J.8IOUlHM CT81{HOlfapHhlM '<OJlbl{OM; 6 - C HIIBeHTapHblM KOJIb!.l.OM
J - )l{eJleso6eTOHtlblil 9JIeMeHT; 2 - 8HKepHoe YCTpoAcTBO crrpOnOBO'lHOii Deren";
3 - na.n8lOtnee CTal
HOli8pHOe KOJlbl{O; 4 - JJ.YI'OBaH CB8pKa. ' WB ==4d C )J.BYX CTO'"
pOH; 5 - H1JBeHT8pHaB BblBUH'IHU81OilaHCB DeTJUI (pbIM-60JlT): 6 - BHHTOS8H Ha.
f}eSH8 JJ.1I'IHHOi He MeHee 4d; 7 - CTa.nbH8B TPy6Ka C BflYTPeHHelJ pe3b60A


CBapKa KOJlel( ,nOJJ>KUa npOU3BO,l(HTbCH sneKTpOJlaMH 342- T HnJf 346- T.
CB8pHOH mOB ,nOJI>KeH ()hlTh JlBYCTOPOHHHM )tJIHHOH 4 d.
Ha qepTe>Ke H3,nenHSI c neTJIeH no puc. 42, a CJIe,l(yeT nHcaTb npH-
Me1l8Hlfe: «nOCJIe 3arJIa>KHBaHUSI nOBepxHocTU Hs,neJIHff KOJILQO Heo
'"
XOJlHMO nO){HSlTh B BepTUKaJIbHOe nOJIO>KeHHe, 8 Bhle
IKY 38,AeJI8TL».
Ha 'lepTe>Ke H3,neJlUSI C neTJleii no puc. 42, 6 cJJe,nyer I1HCaTh npH"
MellaHHe: «H8 nepHo,n 6eToHupoB8HHSI U S8rn8>KUBaHHSI< nOBepxHocTU,
a T3K>Ke TpaHcnopTHpoBKU U3,neJIHH BHyrpeHHlO1O pe3b()y B TPyoKe S8-
InHTUTb» .
2.81. PaccToHHue OT OOKOBOii nOBepXHocTH XBOCTOBoro yqacTK8
neTJIH /1.0 nOBcpXHOCTH U3,neJJHH, H3MepHeMoe B nJIOCKOCTU KplOK8, )J.on>K..
HO 6b1Tb He MeHee 4 d (CM. pHC. 40).
2.82. ,n:HaMeTp cTepiKHSI neTJIH d B COOTBeTCTBUU C npHxo,nHllI.HMCSI
D8 neTJJIQ HOpM8THBHhlM YCHJIUeM OT c06cTBeHHoro Beca c60pHoro 3JIe-
MeHTa H JJ.pyrHe /1.8HHhle, Heo6xoAHMble )J.JID KOHCTpy"pOBaHH1J CTpono...
BOqHblX neTeJlb, npHBe,neHbI B TaM. 12.


52




Ta6nHua 12


HOpMATJfBHoe ):(UlJMeTp CTepiKlIJI neTJlH d, BblcTynalOll(8fJ
MM, U3 apM8TYPbJ KJlaCCa BHYTpeHIfHA
YCUJIJle, Bocnpn. HaA t5eToHoM
"HMaeMOe OAHOA I qaCTb nCTJ1H. pa,ltIfYc sa.
ne-rneH P II , TC A-I Ac-)I "blCOTa. MM Kpyr .ne1fHR. MM
0, I 6 - 70 20
0.3 8 - 70 20
0,7 10 - 70 20
0,9 - 10 70 20
I " I 12 - 75 20
1,5 )4 12 75 30
t) 16 14 80 30
-
2,5 18 16 80 30
3, I 20 18 100 40
3,8 22 20 105 40
4,9 25 22 175 60
6, I 28 25 180 60
7 - 28 180 60
8 32 - 185 60
8,5 I - 32 185 60


n p H M e q a H II H: I.. HopPttaTI1.8H}TIO HarpY3KY OT COOCTBellHOH MaCChi
c60pHoro 3J1eMeHTa, nO){HHMaeMoro 3a qeTbipe neTJIH, CJJe.n.yeT npH no,A-
60pe nHaMeTpa CTep>KHJI neTJUJ C1JHTaTL pacnpe.ne.neHHoiI To.nLKO Ha TPII
neTJlH.
2. B CJIYllae no
oeMa nJlOCKOrO 113
eJIHH (HanpJ1Mep, CTeHOBOH naHC-
JlH) 3a Tplf IfJlH 60JIbWee KOJlH'IeCTBO neTe3Ib, pa3Mell.eHHblx Ha O
HOM
Topne H3.l1eJlHSI, HOpM
THBHaH HarpY3Ka OT c06cTBeHHoro Beca npHIIH-
MaeTCSI pacnpe
eJIeHHOH TOJlbKO Ha
Be neTJlH. HCKJIlOqeHHe .n.onycKa-
eTCH J]11111b B CJIyqae np HMeHeHHfl npHcnoc06JIeHHH, 06eCnelIHBalOUllfX
caM06an8HCJfpOBaHHe YCHJIHH B rpY30BblX cTponax.
3. B Tex CJIyqaHX Kor
a rapaHTJIpyeTcSI OTCYTcTBHe crH6a neTJlH
(npH MOHTa>Ke C nOMOllblO TpaBepCbJ C BepTHKaJlbHblMIt CTponaMH),
llonycKaeTcH nOBblW8TL HopMaTHBHoe YCHJJHe Ha neTJIIO B 1,5 p3sa.


2.83 9 MHHHMaJlbHYIO JlJIHHY 3a.u.eJIKH CTpOnOBOtIHOH neTJIIf la H rJJY-
6HHY 3anYCKa B ()eTOH BepTHKaJIbHOrO YllaCTKa BeTBH C OTorHYTblM
KOHUOM 110 B 38BHCHMOCTII OT npOIlHOCTH 6eTona Ha C>KaTH.e B MOMeHT
nepBoro no.n.'beMa peKOMeH,lJ,yeTcSI npHHHMaTb no Ta6J1. 13.
ECJIH BeTBlJ neTJIH Ha J{JlHHe aHKepOBKH He paSMemalOTCH napaJI-
JIeJlbHrr, KOHUbI HX MO>KHO pa3,ABuHyrh H3 yrOJI J{O 45° HJIH oTorHYTb.
Ec.nM Hecyw.aSl cnoco6HoCTb 4>aKTullecKH npHHJlTOH neTJlH 60JIbWe
)].CiiCTBYIOJUei1 Ha STY neTJlIO HopMaTHBHOH HarpY3KH, TO .n.onYCKaeTCH
BeJlH{HHY aHlepOBKH YMeHblllJITb. npHHSlB ee paBHOH lH.Yt r.n.e
P H..p
la.y = k- fat
F a.iP
HOpMaTJilBHOe YCHJIMe, BocnpllHHMae
oe OJ1HOH


(15)


r J1.e PulP - 4JaKTli t lecKoe
neTJIEH;
F n .<I1- nJ)oma
b nonepetInoro celleHHSI CTep>KJlSI. 113 KOToporo HSfO-
TOB,JIeHa cjJaKTHtlecIiH YCTaHOBJIeHHaSi neTJIR.


53




T 8 6 JJ H U 8 13


F


npo1.JHQCTb 6eTolia 3J1CMeHTa fla
C)KaTHe B MOMenT nepBOro OO,lJ.'beM8,
Krc/cw


MHIfHMaJlblfaR AJlHlf8 H rJly6HHa sanycKta
KOHQ.OI HeTneA CTponOBO'UlblX f1eTenb
H 6eTOlf aneMeSTa


la


h6


....


OT 70 ]J.O 100
CBbJIlJ€ I 00 11.0 200
CBLlwe 200


35 d
30 d
25 d


25d
20 d
15 d


n p H M e 11 8 H H e. npH npHMeHeHHM neTeJIb C OTOrHYTblMH BeTBHMIJ
H3 CTep>KHeH 0 25 A-I H 0 22 Ac-II H OOJIee Be.flHlIHHY ho cne.nyeT
YBeJ1HtJHTb Ha 20 % _


YMeHblueHH3S1 BeJIHlIHHa aHKepOBKH neTJIH ,l10JI>KHa ObITb He MeHee
15 d CTep>KHH neTnH H He MeHee 250 MM.
B cJ>opMYJIe (15) SHaqeHHe P S ,(/} 6epeTcH B TC, F a,tj) - B CM
, a k
npHHIiMae'fCH no Ta6JI. 14.


Ta
JJHu.8 14


YCJJOBUJI pa60TbI nerJlH npH nOA'beMe
5JIeMeHTa


. :
3lfaIJeuuSJ K034-
H
}leHTa k B t}>ppMy.ne
(15) npH apM8TYpe neTJlH -KJJacci-'


.


A-I


, k- I. -


CrHO neT
H B03M01KeH
<:rH6 neTJIH HCI:JIIOllaeTCH
.


1,08
O,7



0,84
0,56


: npH HeBOSMOiKHOCTH ooecnelleHHH HOpMaJIbHOA HJIH MHHHM8JJbHOH
BenMq"H
 3a
eRKM neTJIH cne
ye

JIH ee aHKepOBKM npeAYCMaTpHB8Tb
npHBapKY BeTBeil neTJIH K SaKJ1a)J.HblM .neTanHM HnH cneu.H8JJbH
M m8H-
60M, 38JJ.enneHHe neTnM 3a paooqylO apMaTYPY H .np.
, HS)J.e>KHOCTb npHHHTOH 3HKepOBKH neTJIM AOJI>KHa nO)J.TBep>K)J.aTbCH
paCqeTOM IiJIH HcnbITaHMSIMH.




nPHcnOC06nEHHn Ann .HKCAnHH


2.84. ,l{JJH o6ecne t leHHH npoeKTHoro nOJIO>KeHHSI apMaTypbl H sa-
](Jl8,l(HbiX )(€T8JIeH, a TaK>Ke HopMaTMBHoH BeJlMqHHbr 3arnHT
oro CJIOSI
B npouecce 6eTOHHpOB8HHH >KeJJesoOeToHHoH KOHCTPYKUHH Heo6xo)1HMO
DPH ee KOHCTPYHpoBaHHM npe.nycM8TpHBaTh CneLlH8J1bHble ct>HKcaTopbI.
I . 2.85. nOJJO.>KeHHe apM8TypbI JI SaKJI8,nllbIX .neTaneH MO>KHO cJ>HKCH"
pO
p1'b: ,
a) c nOMOrnblO npHCnOCOOJIeHHH OltHOKpaTHoro HCnOJIb30BaHHH, oc-
4{Taldiu.HxcSl B 6eTOHe;
6) c nOMOlUblO HHBeHTapHblx npHCnOCOOJleHHH, H3BJIeKaeMbiX HS 6e..
1'0»8 /1..0 HJIM nOCJIe ero TBepl1.eHH:H;
B) C nOMOIQbJO cneUHallbHblX ,neTaJ1eH, npHKpenJIHeMblX K pa60qeA
nOBepXHOCTH ct>oPMhI HJJ" onaJly6KH II He npenSlTCTBYIOIUHX M3BJleqeHHIO
lHeJJe306eTOliHoro 9JIeMeHT8 H3 .cpOpMbI HJIH CHHTHJO C Hero on3Jly6KH;


54




T a 6 n It U a 15


BHA
HKc8Topa


V CJlOBHR 9Kcnnya-
"81("11 JI<-eneso.
6erOHHoro
9JleMeHT8


XapaKTep oTAe
KH
nJl
eBOD rpaHH >Ke
eso.
6eTOHHoro ::'
E'MeHTa


paCTBOpHblif,
6eTOHHblD,
ac6eCTo
e"
MeHTHbJ if


nnaCTMac.
COBhlA
(nonH9TH'4
JleuOBhlA)


CT8J1b.
Holt


0608Ha
eHHe
HKcaTOpa


PM I ps I nM Ins I C31.CH


H8 OTI<pbITOM 1.)licTaSl 6eTOHH8fl + - + - + -
8&3Ayxe 110.11 oKpacKY; 06-
JJHUOnaHHaSi B npo-
uecce 6eTOHHpO-
B8HHSI l{epaMH1.Je-
CKO" nnHTKoH
06pa6aTblBae- + - - - - -
MaSl MexaHH1.le-
CKHM cnoco6oM
.


B nOMew.eHHH C
HopManbHbIM
BnaJKHOCTHbI M
peH<HMOM


lJHCT3ft 6eTOHHaJi + - + - + -
Be10HH8ft noD. Ol{- + . X + X +'1 X
P3CKY BO)lHhlMlt
COCT3BaMH
BeToHHafi nol.( OK- + + + +1+ +
pacKY M3CJIJIHblMH,
3ManeBbIMH H C'ltI-
TeTHqeCKHMH Kpac-
KaMH, noJ], o6J1 u- "
U.OBKY
OeTOHl1afl no,ll. OK- + I + I + 1+1 + 1'-
JJeHKY 060HMH


I I


I


n p H M e q a H H H: 1. 060sHaQeHHH
HKcaTopoB B Ta()n. 15:
P - paCTBopHhle, oeToHHhle. ac6ecrou.eMeHTHble; n - DJl8CTM8CCOBble,
nOJlH'THneHOBble; C - CTaJJbHble; M - MaJJaH nOBepXHOCTb KOHT8KT3
<»HKcaTopa c c»OpMOH (onaJly6KoA); B - 60JlbWafi nOBepxHocTb KOHT8K"
T3 4»HKc8Topa C t})epMoH (onany6KoA); 3 - aalUHw.eHHhle OT KOpp03HH;
H - He3alllHllleHHble OT KOpp03HH.
2. 3H3K nJIIOC 060SHaQaeT ,lI.OnycKaeTcSI, MHHYC - He AonycKaeTca,
«X» - AonYCKaeTCH) HO He peKOMeH,nyeTCft.


56




r) nYTeM KOHCTPYUpOBaHUJ.I 8p"'laTypHoro KapKaca T8KHM 06pa30l-(,
IJTOObI HeKOTopble CTepmHH ynHpall'1HCb B on8JIy6KY, 4>UKCUPYH IIOJIO>Ke..
JlJiC Kapl{aca.
3alJlaAlibIe JJ.eTaJIH
 KpOMe TorO t MO}KHO 4>HKCHpOB8Tb nYTeM npH-
B3plJI HX aHKepOB K apM3TypHOMY KapK8CY lKe.ne306eTOHHoro 3JIeMeH..
Ta npH 6eaYCJ10BHOM o6ecne l leHHH 4>HKC8
HH caMoro K8pl{8ca. .
2.86. npucnOC06JIeHHH ,llJIJI 4>HKC8UHH apMaTyphl cneAyeT Ha3Ha'l8Tb
C YllCTOM:
({OHCTPYI{TI1BHbIX oco6eHHocTeM 9.neMeHTa;
pacIIO.l0}l{eHHH 8pMaTypbI OTHOCHTell'1bHO rpaHeH pa60'lei'1 nOBepx-
HOCTI1 4>Op
fb) H.nH OnaJIy6KH;
KOHC-rpYI{THBHbIX ocooeHHocTeA 8PM8TypHoro KapK8ca;
yc.noBHH 9KCnJIyaT8u.HH 9JIeMeHTa B COO pYJKeH HH.
Pel{OMeHJJ.yeTcJI npHMeHHTb HaH6oJ1ee npoCTble npHcnocoo.neHuH ,llJIJI
«j)HKCa.u. HH .
2.87. BH.R 4>uKcaTopa OAHOKp8THoro HCnOJIb30BaHHR t YCT:aH8BJIHBae-
t"Joro Y JIH.u.eBoM rpaRu >KeJIe306eTOHHoro 9JIeMeHT8 JJ.JIH ooecneqeHHSI
rO.,II1.lHHbI S8ll1.HTHOro CJlOB OeToHa, cJle.n.yeT Bbl6HpaTb COrll'1aCHO
Tao
rJ. 15.


u)tL .1 '
;
2 1 2 "
1
J
2

z 0 /
 )
J
J
1
6) 2
o
'

2 25
1


PRC. 43. nnacTMaccoBhle H ueMeHTHO-neC'laHhle <}>HKC8TOpbI OJJJloKpaT-
Horo HCnOJIb30B81UUJ
(l -)Ulft apM8Typbl CTeH H nnUT; 6 - JJ,nSl apM8rypb1 pet5ep, 6anoJ{, KOJ)OHH;
J - OD8Jly6K8; 2 - apM8Typa; 3 - nnacTM3ccOBblA 4JHKC8Top; 4 - u.eMCHTuo.nec-
1JaHbiA c1>HKcaTop; U(i - 'fOJU1HH8 S3UH1'Horo C.'10Sl


66




aJ


2


6)


1


J/ /


'1- 2 3 .1 '
1
//
/1://

//
:t


1-1 2
I t. .
.
1, I
:3
.
t
fJ
1


Puc. 44. CTanbHbIe cJ>HKcaTophl oAHoKpaTHoro HCn0J1b30-
DaHHR AnD ooeCneqeHHD npoeKTHoro nOn01KeHHH apMaTYP-
Horo HSJJ.eJIH9
D - A.nSl 06ecneQeHUH npoeKTHoro no.nomeHHSI cBapHblx npocT-
pagCTBeHHblx KapKaCOB: 6 - .n.nSl 06ecne1JeHHSI npoeKTHoro no..
JlOmeHHSI BepxHeit apMaTYPhl D.nUT TOJIUJ.HHOA AO 200 MM; B-
TO me. TOJlUHHoA AO 500 M M; e - A.nSl ooecnelJeHUH Tpe6yeMoro
pacCToH
uH Me>K)Y apMaTYPHhlMH H3AeJ1USlMU unH CTep,){HliMU.
I . - ona.ny6Ka KOHCTpYKlUU; 2 - apM 8TYpa KOHCTPYKlHH; 3-
CTanbHbfe
uKcaTopbI - cBapHble ceTKH «neceHKH»; 4 - TO >Ke.
OT,a.eJlbtlble
Tep>KHH; 6 - TOQe'iH8S1 cBapK8


67




B cJJyqae npHMeHeHUH 4>UKcaTopOB o,nHOKpaTHoro HCnOJJb30BaHHR
B C
1;'BeTCT
HM
 Ta6n. 15 B pa60QHX l.JepTe)Ka
 CJIeAyeT YKa3bIBaT
.
K8KHe HS
THX cJ>HKcaTopOB He AonYCKalOTCH AnSI npuMeHeHHR B AaHHOM
9J1eMeHTe. '
B Ka l lecTBe 4>uKcaTopOB .n.JlR 06eCne'leHUSI TonlI.{HHbI 6eToHHOro
38UU1THoro CJlOR He AonYCKaeTCJ.I npHMeHHTb 06pe3KH apM3TypHblX
41
CTep}KHeH, DJlaCTUHbI H T. n.
B pacTHHyi'OH 30He oeTOHa SJIeMeHTOB, 3KCnJJyaTHpyeMbIx B YCJ10.
BHRX arpeCCHBHOB cpeAbI, He ).I.onYCKaeTCR YCTaHOBKa nJJaCTM8CCOBYX
9 HK caTopOB no,ll. CTep>KHH paootJeii apMaTypbl HJlM BnJIOTHYIO" K HHM nOA
Crep>KHH pacnpe.n.eJlUTeJlbHOH apMaTypbl. B T8KHX U3,lleJJHRX CJJe.nyeT
OpUMeHftTb npeUt.fYllleCTBeHHO cJ>UKcaTopbI H3 nJlOTHOro neMeHTHo-oec..
..aHoro paCTBopa, oeTOHa UJIM ac6eCToueMeHTa.
TonlUHHY 3a1l1HTHOro CJJOH 6eTOH8 8 MeCTe YCTaHoBKH t}JHKcaTopa-
OOAKJJa.n.KH peKOMeH,llyeTCJI npHHHM8Tb KpaTHoH 5 MM.
HHBeHTapHhle cJ>HKcaTopbl, 8 T8KJKe cJ>HKcaTopbl, RBJIHlOlnHeCJI .n.e.
T8nRMH onaJly60tJHoA cJ>oPMhl, pa3pa(jaTbJBalOTCH 38no.n.aMH JKeJle306e-
Q
TOHHblX KOHCTpYKlJ.HH H CTpOHTeJJbHbIMH opraHH3anH9MH, KOTopHe AOJlx(.
H
 CBOeBpeMeHHO CTaBHTb npoeKTHpOB[UHKOB B H3BeCTHOCTb 0 H8J1UQHH
Y HHX cJ>HKcaTopOB TOB UJIH HHOB KOHCTPYKUHH B lteJUIX npHMeHeHHSI
DPH KOHCTPYHPOB8HHU.
2.88. B KaqecT,Be cJ>HKcaTopoB OAHOKp8THoro nOJlb3088HHJI peKo"
lIeHAyeTcR npHHHM8Tb;
a) no pnc 43 , a -- c uenblO o()ecnetJe'HHft Tpe6yeMoA TOJlW-HHbI 3a..
WHTHoro CJ10B OOTOH8 ,lI.JlSI HH}KHeA 8pMaTYPhl TOHKHX nJlHT H CTeH;
6) no pHC. 43, 6 - C l(eJlblO 06ecnelleHHB Tpe6yeMoA TonwHHhI sa.
II(HTHOro CJJOB OeToHa AJIB 8PM8TYPH pe6ep, 6aJIOK, KOJIOHH H TOMY no-
AOOHblX KOHCTpYKD.Hii;
B) no pHC. 44, a - AJIJI o6ecnetJeHuSI npoeKTHoro BOnO}l(eHHR CB8pHblX
npocTp8HCTBeHHblx KapKacos;
r) no pHC. 44, 6 - AJ1R o6ecneQeHlfst npoeKTHoro nOJlO)l(eHUfi Bepx...
HeA apMaTYPbl nnUT TOJIIltHHOA J10
200 MM;
ll) no pUC. 44, B - AJISI OOecne.
qeHHJI npoeKTHoro nOJI01Ke
HB Bej}X-
HeA apMaTypbl DJIHT TOJltnHHOA 200.....
500 MM;
e) no puc. 21 - AJJft o6ecne1fe.
HUH npoeKTHoro nOJIO)l(eUHH apMa-
Typbl nJlHT TOJ1WUHOii 60nee 500 MM
peKoMeH.nyeTcH KOHCTPYHPOB8Tb
Ka pKaChl;
>1<) no pHC. 44, 2 -]JJJB o(}ecoe-
'deHHB Tpe6yeMoro pacCTOHHHtI Me)K-
AY OTAeJlbHblMH apMaTypHbIMH HSAe-
J1HftMU UJIU CTep>KHSlMH;
3) no puc. 45 - AJI9 o6ecne..e-
HUH o.a.HOBpeMeHHO TOJIUlHHIJI 6eTOH-
Horo aalnHTHoro CJI0R H pacCTOJlHHJI
Me>K.ny apMaTypHhlMH HSAeJJHBMH.
2.89. J].JlR cJ>OKC8TOPOB OAHO-
KpaTHoro HCnOJIb30BaHHJI. BblnOJIHHe--
MblX U3 apMaTYPHoH CTanH, cJleAyeT
npHBoAHT
 pa60tJHe QepTe1KH. Ha
paootJHx 'JEPTe)f(8X 8PM8TypHblX HS"


a} 2


5)


1


2 Ii


J


q


PHC. 45. CTanbHble 4>HKcaTopH
OAHOKpaTHOro HCnOJJb30BaHHH
Ann 06ecne l leHHH BeJJU1IHHbI 3a-
tnHTHoro CJIOJl H npoeKTHoro no..
JlO1KeHUH apMaTypHQro H3JJ.eJIHH
1.1 - B cTeue; 6 - B 6aJlKe; I - ons-
lIy6Ka; 2 -- apMaTyp8 KOHCTPYK
HH;
,
 clJHKcaTop - CSapH8J1 ceTKa 'fHDa
CIIeceuKa»- : 4 ....
HKCaTOpbl"CTep)f(HU.
DpH88pHB8eMbie K apMsTypflOMY H3.
AeJlHIO


58





)}H
 H B CJlyqae nOO6XO.l1.HMOCTH Ha qepTe}K8X 06lllllX BHAOB apMHpo-

aHHH JKene306eToHH
X SneMeHTOB Cne,nyeT nOKaSNB8TL paCnOnOJKeHHe
9THX ct>HKCaTOpOB HJlM OnOpHhlX CTepJKHCH, 8 B CnellHcj>HKaUHHX npeJ1Y-
CM8TpHB8Tb P8CXOA CTaJlH H8 HX H3rOTOBneHHe.
PaCn0J10>KeHHe H KOJlH'leCTBO HeMeTaJlJIH'leCKHX ct>HKCaTOpOB-nO}J.-
K.J18.nOK B pa60'iHx lJepTe>KaX ,QonYCKaeTCH He npHBO.D,HTb, o,nHaKO B

pHMeq8HHHX cneAyeT OnDB8pHB3Tb He06XOAHMOCTb HX YCTaHOBKH.


3. I(OHCTPYHPOBAHHE OTAEJlbHblX 3J1EMEHT6B
I(OH
TPYK
HA ·


OEllI.HE TPE60BAI-IHSI


3..1. MHHHMa.nbHble p83Mepbl CelleHMSI 6eTOH
bIX H >Keneso6eToHHblx
cr
a..QeMeHTOB t onpe)l.eJUleMbIe JIS paC1leT8 no ,neHcTBYIOIUHM YCIIJJHSlM H..ro-
o
0TBeTCTBYIOUHM rpynnaM npe.neJIbHbIX COCTOHHHH,
O.n)l{HbJ H8SH3 l 18TbCH
C .yqeTOM 3KOHOMH1leCKHX TpeooBallHH. 'Heo6xoJI.HMOCTH }'HHcI>HKa
HIJ
onanyoolIHbIX 4>opM H 8PMHPOB8HHSl t 8 TaKJKe YCJlOBHH npHHHToii TeXH(}.
JlOFH.H HSrOTOBJleHHSI KOHCTPYK
HH. Kpot-Ie Toro, paSMepb1 CeqeHHSr 3.ne...
MeHTOB >KeJIeS06eTOHHbIX KOHCTPYK
HiI )l.OJl>KHbI npliHHMaTbCH T8KIIM

IJ!fOOI>I COOJlIO,n8JIHCb TpeOOB8HHS1 B 'Q8CTH p8CnOJIO>KeHHH 8PM8TYPbI B
ce'leHHH (TOJlrnMHbI 3a
H1'HhlX cnoeB oeTOHa t paCCTOHHHH hle>K,ny CTep>K-
HJlMH H T. n.) H 8HKepOBKH
 8pMaTypbl..
3:2. PaSMepbJ oeTOHHbJX H JKeJIe30oeT-QHHbIX' 3JIeM'eHTOB c60pH
x
KOHCTPYKlI.HA CJ1e.l1.ye-r U83H8QaTb C yqeTOM rpysono,noeMHblx Cpe)l
B
H8: saBoAe-HSTOTOBHTeJIe H H8 CTpOHTMbcTBe. B UeoOXO.D,HMbIX CJIY l l8HX
cne,nyeT Y'lHTblB8Tb BOSMOJKHOCTb nO,l(1)eMa >KeJ1e300eTOHHero H3)I.eJIMSI
BMeCTe' c 4>opMoii. npH HaSHaqeHHH pasMepoB sneMeHTOB CJle,l1yeT Y1JH-
'TbIB'8Tb TaKJKe yt.nOBHB Tp8HcnopTMpoBKH.
3.3. 3alltHTHbI" CJIO" 6eToH8 a5 .nJIH p8601leA 8pMaTypbl )l.o.n>KeH
o6eCneQHBaTb coBMecTHYIO 'p860TY 8PM8TYPbl C neroHoM H8 BCex. cr8-
.D,11S1jt p860TbI KOHCTPYKllHH, a T8K>Ke S8WHTY apMa
ypbl OT:..BHewH
x
aTMdccpepHblx, TeMnepaTypHblX H' TOMY nO,D.06HbIX Bos,neHcTBHiI. t.
 ;
B HaCTOHll{eM PYKOBo.llcTBe at) - H8HMeHbwee paccToHHHe ..OT rp}).HH
6eToH8 (B TOM 'lHCJIe BHYTpeHHeH B "OJlblX.SJIe
eHTa
). .no nOBepXHO
TH
. z . ...
6J1H>K8Awero K HeA apt.taTypHoro CTepmHH. .. . . 01 '..-

'3.4. T0J1lUHH8 3alUHTHoro CJIOJl 6eTOH8 .
6 ,nJIHI CTep>KHe
oil apJ4
-
TYJ7bI (KpOMe apM3TypbI nO)l.OWBbI cj>YH)l.aMelj1'OB, 8 TaK>Ke nO.l1.KOJIOH

"
KOB, 8pMHpyeMbIx no n. 3.32 H8CToHw.ero PYKo
O,lI;eTBa )-, K8K .np8Bli
O,
AOn>KHa 6h1Tb He 60JIee 50 MM. B 3alUHThOM CJIoe ro.n
HHOH DoJIee
50 MM paCTHHYTOH SOHbI CelleHHH cneAyeT YCT8H8BJlHBaTb KOHCTPYKTHB-
HYIO apMaTYPY B BH,l(e CeTOK, nJIOrna)l.b celleHHH np0,l10JlbHOH apMaTypbl
KOTOphlX )l.OJl>KH8 OblTb He MeHee Otl Fa, a war nOnepe(IHOii apM8TypbJ
AOJl}KeH 6blTg He 60J1ee 400 MM H He ,l10Jl>KeH npeBbJWaTb BbICOTbI "Celle-
HHH SJ1eMeHTa (S)J.eCb Fa - nJIow.a.D,b ce'leHHH npoAonbHoil paCTSIHYTOH
apMaTypbJ
 HMelOJJJ..eH SarnHTHblH CJIOil 6eTOHa TOJI
HHOH oo.nee 50 MM
H YCTaHOBJleHHOH y O)l.HO" rp8HH 9J1eMeHT8).
. 3.5. ,[(nH KOHCTPYKl.{HH, p860T81011tHX B 8rpeCCHBHbiX Cpe.D,8x, TOJI-
W.UH8 SaWH1'Horo CJIOH 6eTOHa J10Jl1KHa H8SHaQ8ThCH C yqeTOM Tpe60Ba.
H'Hii rJIaBbJ CHHn no sa
HTe CTpOHTeJlbHblX KOH
TPYKnHii OT KOpp03ff
:
I' npH H83HaqeHHH TOJllUHHbI sa(UHTHoro cnoSi. reToHa ,nOJUKHbl,:r.aK1Ke
YIIH'I'b1DaTbCH TpeooBaHIIH rn8BhI CHHn no npOTHBon01KapHbJM HopMaM
npoeKTHpoBaHHH 8.D,aHHH H cooPY)KeHHii.


59




3.6. B nOJIblX 3J1eM-eHTax KOllbueBoro .IJIM I{Op06QaTOrO ce 1 1eHHR pac:.
CToSlHHe OT CTep>KHeBOH npoJIonbHoA 8PM8TYPhl .no BHYTpeHHeH IIOBepx:.()
HOCTH 6eToHa AOJI>I{HO y.nOBJIt!TBOpJlT& Tpe60B8HHSlM K H83HaqeHHIO TOn-
Ill"HbJ salll.HTHOrO CJlOH y naPY>KHoA nOBepXHOCTB cooT8eTcTBYIOUl.ero
S.ffeMeHT8.
3.7. PaccloJ.ulHH B cneTY Me>K.ny crep>KHHMH apMaTypbl no BbtCore
11 wHpHHe Ce1JeHHH )J.OJl)KHbl 06ecne'lHB8Tb COB11ecTHYIO pa60TY apMaTY.
p
 C OeroHoM H Ha3HaQaThCH C
eToM y
oocTBa YKn8
KH H yunoTHe-
IfRR 6eTOHHOH CMeCH.
B SJIeMeHTax, H3fOTOBJUleMb1X ()es npHMeHeHHH BH6ponJIoU8Jl.oK HJlH
Bu6paTopoB, YKpenJIlleMhlX Ha onanyoKe, .non>KHO OhlTb o()ecneqeHO
C80oo.n.Hoe npOXO>K.n.eHHe Me>K,ny 8pMaTypHblMH CTep>KHSlMH H8J<OHeQ-
IU1KOB WTbJKOBbIX BH6paTopoB HJlH BHopoWTa
tnYlOlnHx 9JIeMeHTOB Ma..
Ill"H) ynnoTHll101101X 6eToHHYIO CMeCb.
PaCCTOJJHHe B CBeTY Me>K.llY CTep>KHflMH nepHoAHqeCKOrO npoc2>HJIH
npHHHMaeTcH no HOMHHaJIbHoMY .n.H8MeTpy 6e3 yqeTa BhICTynOB H pe6ep.
npH Ha3HaqeHHH paccToSlIIHSI B cBeTY Me)l{.ny Crep>KHftMH B -KOHCT-
PYh:u.HJlX C
JIbWHM HaChlweHHeM apMaTypbl c.ne.nYeT yqHTblBaTh:
a) <}>aKTHqeCKHe pasMephl nOnepeqHhlX CeqeHHH CTep>KHeA nepHo,Alt-
qeCKOro npo<}>HnH C yqeTOM .nonycK8eMhlx OTKlloHeHlIJi OT BIIX;
6) pa.n.HycbJ sarH6a CTep>KHeft H cOOTBeTcTBYlOwHe cJ>aKTHl.lecKHe
ra6apHThl rHYTbix sneMeHTOB;
B) 110nYCKaeMbIe OTKJlOHeHHfI OT npoeKTHblX paSMepOB "PH paaMe..
ll.leHHH CTep>KHeA CBapHbIX ceTOK t Kap
aCOB, 3aKJIa,lJ.HblX .neTaneii H T. fi.
3.8. nJIOtJla)1b CeqeHHSI npo.nOJlbHOH 8pMaTypbJ B >KeJJeso6eToHHbJX
3JICMeHTax (B npoueHT8X nnolu.a.,nH CeqeHHSI 6eToHa) AOJ]}KHa npHHtl-

laTbCH tie MeHee YK8saHHoii B r86JL 16.
Tpe60BaHHSI T8()n. 16 He p8cnpOCTpaHSIIOTCfI Ha apMHpOBal-lHe, onpe..

enBeMoe paCqerOM 9JIeMeHTa An" CTa.nHH, TpaHcnopTllpoBaHHSI H MOH"
TaiRa. B STOM CJJyqae fiJlOwa.nb celleHHfI apMaTyphl onpe.ne.nSleTCH TOJIb-
I
O paCtJeTOM ,no npOQHOCTH.
Tpe60BaHHSI IlaCTOSlllI.erO J1YHKTa He yqHTbJBalOTCH npH HaaH811eHIIH
n.nOllla.nH CeqeHHft apMaTyphl, YCT8HaBJIJIBaeMOH no KOHTYPY nnHT HnH
I1alleJIeH H3 paCqeTa H8 H3rH6 B fiJlOCKOCTH nJlHTbl (n8HeJIH). a T8K>Ke
eCJUI HX TOJII&HHa HaSHa1Jeua KOHCTPYKTHBHO.
MHHHM8JIbHOe apMHpoBaHHe CTeHoBblX naHeJleH npHHHMaeTCft B co'"
OiBeTCTBHH C I'IHCTPYKuHeA no npoeKTHpOBaHHIO naHeJIbHblX >KHnbiX
SAaHHH.
3J1eMeft TbI , He y.nOBJIeTBOpSIIOUUle TpeOOBal-lJUIM ,"
HHHMaJIbHoro ap..

1npOBaHHSlt OTIJOCSlTCSI K 6eTOHHb1M sneMeHTaM..
3.9. Y Bcex nOBepXHOCTeH >KeJIe306e1'OHHbJX 3JJeMeH1"OB, B6JIH3H 1<0"
TOpblX CTaBHTCH npo,lJ.OnbHaSI apM8Typa, KaK npaBHJIO, AOn>KH8 npeAY-
cMaTpHBaTbcSI TaK>Ke nOnepe(IH8H apMaTypa. OXBaTblBaJOlIlaH Kpaih-lHe
npo.nOJIbHble cTep>KHH.
3.10. B OeToHHhlx KOHCTPYI{UHSlX .D.OJl>KHO npe,nycM8TPUB8TbCSI I{OH"
CTPYKTHBHoe apMHpoBaHHe:
a) B MeCTax pe3Koro H3MeHeHHSI pasMepoB CeqeH
H 9neMeHTOB;
6) B MeCTax H3MeHeHHSI B
COT
 CTeH (H8 yqaCTKe He MeHee t M);
B) B 6eTOHHbIX CTeHax no.n H Ha.n npoeMaMH Ka>K.n.oro 9Ta1Ka;o
r) B I{OI-lCTPYKUHJJX, nOllBepraIOllI.HXCH B03.neJicT8HIO Jl,HHaMHlJect<oli
HarpY3Klf;
A) y pacTSIHYTOH HJIII MeHee C>KaTOH rpaHH BHelleHTpeHHo"'C}KaTbIX
9J1eMeHTOB t ec.nA B celleHHH B03HHKalOT pacTHrHBalOllJ.He 'ftanpH>KeOH'SI
MeHee 10 KrC/CM 2 ; npH l1aH6onbwHx C>KHMaIOI.i{Hx HanpJl1KeHIfHX 60nee
08 Rup (nanpSl>KeHlIH onpe.,nMHIOTcH K31 AnSI ynpyvoro 7Ma); npll
60




9TQM I{09cJ>
HUHeHT apMHpOBaHHJJ p, npHHHMaeTCSI p8BHblM "JUt Go.nee
0,026%_
Tpe60BaHHH H8CTOHrnero nYHKTa He pacnpOCTpaHHroTCB Ha 9neMeH.
T
 C60PHUX KOHCTPYKUHH, npOBep
eMHe B CTa

H TpaHcnopTHpOBaHHH
H MOHT8>Ka. B 9TOM c.nyqae Heo6xo,AHMoe apMHpOBaHHe onpe)1.eJIHeTCH
TonbKO paCqeT.oM no npOllHOCTH.
ECJ1H t cornaCHO paclleTY. C yqeTOM conpOTHBJleHHSI paCTSIHYTOH 30HbI
6eTOHa apMaTypa He Tpe6yeTCJJ H onblTOM ,l10Ka3aHa B03MO>KHOCTb
TpaHcnopTHpOBaHHJJ H MOHTa>Ka TaKHX 9neMeHTOB 6es apMaTypbl, KOHCT-
PYKTHBHaB apM8Typa He npe)1.ycMaTpHBaeTCJJ.
3.11. ,llHaMcTp CTep>KHeii npo,nonbHoH apMaTyphl COOpHbIX HMO.
HOJIHTHbIX >KeJlesooeTOHHblX KOHCTPYKII.HH
On>KeH, KaK npaBHJIO, "PH"
HHMaTbCSI He 60nee 40 MM.
3.12. 80 H36e>KaHHe nOBpeJK)1.eHHH C60PHblX 9neMeHTOB OT MeCTHhlX
KOHueHTpaUHH HanpSl)l{eHH:A npH pesKoM H3MeHCHHII HanpaBneHHH rpa-
BeH HSAMH" (HanpHMep, BO BHYTpeHHHx yrnax) peKoMeHAyeTcH npe
yc.
MaTpHBaTb CMHrlleHHe oilepTaHHSI B BHAe
acoK Hno sa KpyrneHHll, no


II)


i-f.


,



dO
[E
 ..



!1


11


2-2

;-: ;0' ./e
.'
 ..

. -
'l


8)


e}


1-1


--"""'"
l
 1: 10


£


II






ill


PUC. 46. c1>acKH, s3KpyrJleHHSI H CKOCbI B 1Keneso{)eTOHHhIX 9neMellT8X
0- B pe6pHCToft Ii'JIH're H B npoeMe; tj - B T8BpOBOA ()8J1Ke; 8 - B )l3J1e l))epMbJ

e
 CMBr'leHHe OCTPOr.O yrJla B pHreJle. iJ... nepeXo,D. OT TOp
a K CTeHKe CSaJIKH


61




T80JIHua 16


..


YetlOBHJI pa60TbI apMaTYphl


MJ.UUlMaJIbH8J1 MOlqaAb ce'JeHHII
npoAonbHoft 8PMaTylJhl B 1KeJTeSO-"
6eTOHHblX 9neMeH-
aX (8 npo..
u.eHTaX nnOIqaAH CeqeHHH 6eTOH8)


...


I. ApM8Typa A 80 BCeX HsrH6aeMbIX,
8' T8K}Ke 80 BHeUeHT.peHflO-paCTRHY-
T
X 3neMeHTaX np" pacnono
eHHH
"9 0 AOJlhHOH CH
bI 38 npellUaMH pa...
60Qeii BblCOTb1 Ce'leHHSI


0" ()6.


2. ApM8Typa A H Al BO BHeueHTpeHHo..
pacrRHYTbJX 3JJelfeHTaX npli pacno..
nO)f(eHHH npOAOnbHOA CHJ1bl Me>K).J.Y
apMaTypoA A H AI


0.05


3. ApM8Typa A R AI 80 BHeneHTpeHHO-
C>K8ThlX 3J1eMeHT8X npH:


.J
a) ...!L <17 (..!!...<5)*
r h'
l I
ti) 17
--L
35 (5
--!..
1 0).
r h
B) 35<.1!..,83 (lo<.1!..,24).
r h
r) ...!!.. >83 ( 'o! >24).
, h.


&.05.


o,t


02
.


0,25


· 3H8qeHHR B. cKot)Kax .-aHY AJ1S1 npHMoyronbHblx ce'leHHA.
n p H M e II a H 14 R: I. MHHHManbHaSl nJlow.8)J.b CelJeHHR apMaTypbl,
npHBeAeHHaSi B Ta6J1. 16, OTHOCHTCR K DJJoll{a.nH CeIJeHHR 6eTOH8, paB-
"08 npoHsBe,o,eHHlo lllHpHHbI npSlMoyrO.1IbHOrO CelJeHHJI nH60 WHpHHbI
pe6pa T8BpOBOJ:'C) (.nBYTaBpoBoro) Ce1JeHHSI b H3 pa't5oQYIO BbiCOTy ce..
'IeHMH ho.
2. B 9JIeMeUT8X c npoJJ.onbHoA apMaTypoB t p8CDOJJO>KeUHOH paBHo-
MepHo- no KOHTYPY CeqeHHH t 3 T8K>Ke B UeHTp8JJbHO-paCTSlHYTLIX 3J1e..
MeHT8X YX8saH"aSl BeJJHIIHHa MHHHM8JJbHOrO apMHpOB8HHSI OTHOCHTCH K
nonHOH nJlOma.nH Ce'leHHSI 6eTOH3 H npHHHM8eTCH BABoe 60JlbWe Be-
IIU'IHH. YI<8saHHblX B Ta6n. 16.
3. MHHHManbHblH nponeHT co,nep1K8HHSI 8pMaTyphI A H AI DO DHe-
u.eHTpeHHO-C>K8ThlX 9JIeMeHT8X., HecYW8S1 cnoco6HOCTb KOTOphlX npH
pa-C'leTHOM SKCu.eHTpHCHTeTe HCnOJJb3yeTCJI MeHee IJeM Ha 50%, ue38-
DHCItMO OT fH6KOCTH 3JIeMeHTOB npHHHMaeTcB paBHhlM 0,05.
6





B03MO>KHOCTH He60JJblllOii BeJIIIlIHHbl (.no 50 MM). IITo6u He Tpe(5oBanoch
MecTHoe apMHpOBallHe (pHC. 46. at 6, 8).
Bo BHeWHHX OCTphlX yrJIax BO H36e}K8HHe OTKaJlblB8HHII 6eTOHa
CJleJlyeT YCTp8HBaTb CKOcbI IInH saKpyr JleHHH (pRC. 46, 2, iJ).
He60JIbWHe 'oTBepCTHSI B >KeJIe306eToHHblx 9J1e'MeJ.1TaX .nJIH nponyc-
Ka KOMMYHIIKau.HH, cTponoBKH H T. n. CJIe,nyeT no B03MO>KHOCTH pac..


0)


1


J


2)


2
1


oj


DJ


0)


1


e)


t



h/50


5


2



t


1


Jl{J
6 1 .6
 1 6 1 6


uJ


2


1


2



HC..
7. TeXHOJIOrHqeCKHe YK.nOHbI B )KeJle306eToHHblx 9JIeMeHT3J(
Q ....:. H3I'OTOBJlfleMbIX B cJ>opMe c OTKBAUhlMU
opTaMu; 6 - u3rOTOBJUIeMbix B .«!>op..
Me,

JlYXHM 6oPTOM; 6 - TO )K
, C npHMeHeHHeM BblnpeCCoBIqHK8; e, "- H3CO"
TQBJUleMhlX B HepaS'heMHOA cJ>opMe; iJ - TO >Ke,. C npUMeHeHHeM BblDpeccoBw.UK8;
e, 3IC
 npH HeMe:u.JIeHHQIt pacnanyCSKe; 1- >KeJlC30()eToHHoe HS,D.eJlHe; 2...;.. 4>opMa;
8 - OTKHJ1HOA 6oPT; 4 - BblopeCCOBll{HK; 5 - cJ>opMYlOwaR :paMK8: 6 - BKJl8JJ.LIW


nOJIaraTb B npe,ll.en8X HqeeK apM8TypHbIX CeTOK H KapKaCOB TaR, 1lTO-
6ht He HY>KHO 6bIJIO nepepeaaTb 8pMaTYPY H BBO,ttH'I'b .n.onOJIHHt.eJIb'HOe
MecTHoe apMHpOBaHHe. YrJIbi oTBepCTHa 1KeJIaTenbHO AeJlaTb nn8BJtblM.H
(pRC. 46, a).

 3.13. llpn npoeKTHpoB8HHH OeTOHHbIX H >KeJle306eTOHHblx KOHCT-
. ., .
PYKnHH HX O'iepTaHHe CJleJl,yeT npHHHM8Tb c yqeTOM YCTpoHcTBa H cno.
co6a Hcn0J1h30BaSHB 4>OpM (onaJlY.()KH).


63




npH npJIMeHellllH (jJOpM C OTKHJI,HbIMH 60pTal
H 01lepTaHlle H3Ae'!J
"'ItR He AOJI1KHO npenHTCTBOB"3Tb nOBopOTY 60pT8 (pHC. 41, a) nepeJ(
p8Cn8JIy6Koit
npH npHMeHeHHH Hep83'beMHb1X 4>OpM AJIA BOSMO>KIIOCTU liS BneQC'"
IIHH 113J1,eJJHH 83 cl>OpMbI ,lJ.OJl1KHhl npe.nYCM8TPHB8TbCH YKJlOJlbI 1: 10
(pHC. 47,2).
nplJ Hepa31>el.fHblX cl>opM8X C HCnOJIb30B8HneM BblnpecCOBblB8J1IfH
YKJIOH )l.OJI>KeH 6bITb He MeHee I : 15 (pHC. 47,. 0).
nplI HeMe,lJ.JIeHHOH paCnaJIy6Ke nYTeM BepTHIC8JIbliOrO CMelU.eHHH
CPOPMHPYIOIItero 9JIeMeHTa OCHaCTKH (pHC. 47, e, :JIC) YKJIOH D.OJl>KeH 6bITb
He MeHee J :50.
npH IIcnonbSOB8HHH <»OpM C OAHHM HenO)l.BH}KHbIM H O)l.HIIM OTKHJJ....
IiblM OOpTOM Jl,JIB B03M01KHOCTH BepTHK8JIbHOrO nOJl,"beM8 KOHCTPYKUHA
npIi p8Cn8JIy6Ke CJIe,nyeT nepexo,lJ. OT 60nbweH WHpHHbI HSJJ.eJlHH I( MeHb"
weR, HanplfMep OT HH>KHeA nOJJKH K CTeHKe (pHC. 47,6), npHIIHMaTb
no.n yrJIoJJ tJe Mellee 40°. 3TH Tpe6oB8HHSI, M01KHO He npeA"bSlBJJHTb, ecJIU
C 3aBO,ltOM.H3foTOBHTeJIeM COrJ1aCOB3H8 cl>OPM3, cHa6>KeHH8S1 Bhlnpecco...
Bb1BaJOUJ.UM YCTPOHCTBOM.
3.14. npH CTbIKOB8HHH >KeJ1e300eTOItHblX SJIeMeHTOB C60PHbIX ROH"
CTPYKUHH YCHJIHSI OT OJl,HorO 9neMeHTa K ,l1pyroMY nepeA810Tcn tJepro
C1 bIKyeMYIO p86otJylO 8PM8TYPY, CT8JIbHbIe 38K
1I8J1,HbIe Jl,eT8J1H, 3anOJIHSle-
tAble 6eTOHOM WBbI, 6eTOHHbIe wnOHKH UJIH tU..nSl C>K8ThlX 9JIeMeHToB)
HenOCpe,lJ.CTBeHHo tJepes 6eToHHble nOBepxHocTH cThlKyeMhlx 9J1eMeHTOB.
3.15. IKecTKHe CThlKH C60pJIbIX KOHCTPYKUHH ,lJ.On>KHhl t Kal{ npaBH-
JIO, 38MOHOJIHlJHB8TbCSI nYTeM S8nOJIUeHHSI WBOB Me>K,ny 9JIeMeHTaMH
oeToHoM. ECJlH npH H3rOTOBJJeHHH 3J1eMeHTOB ooecnctJHB8eTCSI flJIOTH8H
flo,nrOHK8 nOBepxHoCTeH Jl,pyr K Apyry (H8npHMep, nYTeM HCn0nb30aa...
HRH TOpn8 O)lHOro H3 cTblKyeMhlx 9JIeMeHTOB B KaqeCTBe OnaJIY()KH ,l1nSl
TOpu.a ,npyroro), To .nonYCK8eTCSI npH nepe.na(le llepe3 CTb1K TOJIbKO
C)f{HMalOlUero YCHJlHH BblflonHeHHe CTbIKOB «II 8CYXO».
3.16.. CTbIKH 9JIeMeHTOB, BoCnpHHHf{aJOUHe p8cTSlrHBaloU1.He YCHlIHH,
AOJIiKHhI BbInonH HTbCSI:
a) CB8pKOH CT8JJbHbIX 3aKJla.nHbIX J1eTa.neH;
6) cBapKoH BbInycl{OB apM8TypbI;
B) nponYCKOM Qepe3 KaHaJIbI HJIH n83bI CTbII{yeMblx 9JIeMeHTOB
CTep1KHeH apM8TypbI, KaH8TOB HnH 60JITOB C nOCJIe,ltYIOUHM HaTSI}KeHHe
1
IIX H 3anOJIHeHHeM n8S0B H KaH8JIOB ueMCHTHbIM p8CTBOpOM unll Menl<O-
sepHHCTbIM 6CTOHOl1.
npH npoeKTHpOBaHHH CTblKOB 3JIeMeHTOB C60pHblX I<OHCTPYKU
fi1
J(OJI>KHbl npe.nYCMaTpHB8TbCH TaKHe, coeAHHeHHH 38KnaAHbIX Jl,eT8neH,
npH KOTOpblX He npOHcxo,nHJIO 6bI p8srH68HHR HX tJaCTeH, a TaK>Ke Bbl...
KOJIOB 6eToHa.
3.17. nplf npoeKTHpoBaHHH 9JIeMeHTOB COOpHblX nepeKphlTHH Jl,OJI}1{-
HO npe
ycM8TpHBaTbCSI YCTPOHCTBO WBOB Me>KAY HHMH, SanOJIHHeMbIX
6eToHoM. IIIHpHH8 WBOB ,lJ.On>KH8 HaSH8Q8TbCH 113 YCJIOBHB 06eCneQeHHR
KalJeCTBeHHoro 38n0J1HeHHH HX H Jl,OJI>KH8 COCTaBJIHTb He MeHee 20 MM
)l.lIR 9JIeMeHTOB BbICOTOii Ce'leHHH JJ.O 250 MM H lIe MeHee 30 MM nplf
,SJIeMeHTax 60JIbWeH BbICOTbI.
3.18. B H8CTOSImeM PYKOBoJ1cTBe TepMHH «nonepetJH8H apM8Typ8»
npuHHT AJISI 0603H8QeHHH 9TOM 8pMaTYP
 K8K AJlD BHS8HbIX KapK8coB.
TaK II )l.JIfi CB8 pHblJC H BKJIJOqaeT B ce6B nOllSlTHH XOMYTbl H nonepetJHbJe
CTep>KIJlf. TepMHH «XOMyr» npHHSlT ,nJIB 0603HaQeJlHH nonepellHoH apM8-
TYI>b1, K8K npaBHno, BHSallb1X 1{8pKacoB. TepMHH. «nonepeQHhIi% crep...
JKeHb» npHHHT )l.JIB 0003H8tJeHHSI nonepetJHoH 8pMaTYpu CB8pHb1X ceTOK
H KapKacoB. TepMHH «wnHnbK8» npHHSlT Jl,JlH o(jo3HatJeHHH cOe,l111I11fTeJlb"!


64




HbiK CTep>KHeH, ynoTpe()JlfteMbIX Ana 06pasOB8HHH K8K cBapHhlx, T8K H
BSl38HblX KapK8eoB. llinHJlbK8 MO>KeT HMeTb HnH He HMeTb KplOKl1 H8
KOHItaX.


.YH
AMEHTM H POCTBEPKH
3.19. t1>YH.lI.aMeHT8MR SlBJlSlIOTCSI no,n3eMHbIe I{OHCTPYI{I!HH, npeAHa-
3H8qeHHhle Jl,JUI nepe,na'lH H8rpY301{ OT Bblwe.ne>Kaw.HX Q8CTeH 3,a8HHSI
HJIJI CoopY>KeHHH H8 rpYHToBoe OCHOB8HHe.


OJ


6)


1-1


2-2


--


4


"



 '


"'"S




;
J





2














'-


2








CQ



J



7


1


5


r,
L















r,

L.J


1 _ 1 il1@ ", I

rr
 .1 t
12."
( KpomHo 300)
PHC. 48. OTJlenbHbIe CTyneHQ8Tb1e cpYJlJt8MeHTb!
Q -
YHJla MeliT H8 e
CTBeHHOM OCROB8HHH; 6 - CB8AHblR c1>YHA8r.teHT; I - KO"
1I01IHa: 2 - no.n.KOJ10HHHK; 8 - D.'1HTH8R .,8CTb: 4 - 06pe3 tj)YHA8MeHT8; 6 - nOAom-
B8 4>yuA8MeHT8; 6 - 6eTOHH8B nOAf01'oBK&; 7 - CB8H


iT 1 (KpomHO JOO)


npHMeHJlIOT cl>YHAaMeHThl H8 eCTeCTBeHHOM OCHOB8HIIH II CB8HHble
(pRC. 48). t1>YH,a8MeHT Ha eCTeCTBeHHOM OCHOBaHlfH COCTOHT H3 nJlHTHOH
Q8CTH H nOJlKOJIOHHHK8.
CBaHHblH cl>YH,lt8MeHT o6pasyeTCSI H3 CBaH H pocTBepI<a t noc.ne,l1HHH
1 CBOIO 01lepeAb npeJl,CT8BJISJeT C060H nJIHTHylO 1l8CTh H no,nKOJIOHHHK.
nJIHTIIYIO '18CTb q>YH,n8MeHToB peKoMeHAyeTcSI KOHCTpYJIpOBaTb CTY-
neHQ8TOrO THna.
H8PflJl,y co cTyneH l l8ToH DJUITHOH IJ8CTblO peKoMeHJI,yeTcSI npHMe.
HSlTb cJJYH,naMeHTbl C nHpaMH,n8.nbHOii nJlHTHOH ll8CTblO (puc. 49). t1>yH

AaMeHTbI Moryr 6bITb C60PHblMH H MOHOJIHTHbIMH.
C60plIbie cpyu,aaMeHTbI peKOMeHJlyercH KOHcTpynpoB8Tb B BH,ne
neJIbHOrO 6JJOK8, COCTOSIwero 03 nJIHTHoft qaCTH H no,nKOJIOflHRK3
(pRC. 50).
3.20. B <»YH,naMeHTe (pocTBepKe) paSJIH'lalOT o6pe3 - BepxHlO1O 00-
6--661 65




BepXHOCTb, H8 HOTOpylO onHpalOTCSI KOHCTPYKWIH, patnon01KellHble Bb]-
we, II no.nOWBY - HH>KHJOIO nOBepXHOCTb, KOTopaH, Kal< npaBHno, 00111>-
we nOBepXHOCTH no 06pesy H nOSTOMY nepe
aeT HarPYSKY Ha rpYHTO-
Boe OCHOBaHHe C MeHbllIHM YAeJIbHhlM .naBJIeHHeM.
B cBaHHblx cJ>YH,naMeHTax B n0,l1011IBY pOCTBepKa sa,aeJ1b1BaIOTCH
BepXHlIe KOHIJ.bI CB8H.
PaceTOHHHe Me>KlI.Y nOAOWBOH H 06peSOM <»YH,naMeHTa (pOCTsepKa)
COCTaB.nHeT ero BbiCOTY H c)).
3.21. Bepx <»yu.naMeHTa pe..
KOMeH
yeTcSJ np1l1lHM8Tb:
AJIH 4>YH
aMeHToB c60publx
KOJIOHH - Ha OTMeTKe - 0,15;
J{JISI cJ>YH,l1aMeHTOB MOIIOJ1MT"
HbiX KOJIOHH - B ypOBHe Bepxa
cJ>YH,lta MeHTHOH 6anKH, a npH ee
OTCYTCTBHH - Ha 0'fMeTKe-O,05;
AnSI cJ>YHJJ.at.leHTOB CTaJJbHblX
KOJIOHH - Ha 100 MM HH>Ke OT-
MeTKH onopHoH nJIHTbI 6awMaKa
KOJIOHHbI.
fJIy6HHa SaJIO>KeHHH 4>YH,na-
MeHTa npHHHM3eTCH Ha OCHOB8"
HHH paClleTHblX JlaHHblX H B COOT-
BeTCTBHH C rJI8BOH CHHn no
npOeKTJipOBaHHIO OCHOBaHHH s,na-
HHH H cooPY>KeHI-iH.
PasMepbl q>YH
8MeHTa onpe-
.neJIHIOTCH B COOTBeTCTBHH C D. 3.1
H8CTOSJIllero PYKOBo
cTBa.
BblcoTa <}>YH,lta MeHTa 11.,
({pOftle Tor 0, Ha3Ha l laeTCH no YC-
JIOBHHM sar JIy6JIeHIfSI, no ycn

PUC. 49. OT.ne.,fJbHbIM nnpaM1f.n.aJIb- BHHfvI sa.neJIKII c6opHOH KOJIOHHbI
HblH 4>Y H .n. aM eHT HJIM no YCJIOBMHM sa.ne.nKH BbI"
nycKoB apMaTypbt npH MOHOJIHT-
1- KOJlOHHa; 2 - nO,llKOJlOHHHK; 3 - nH. HbIX KOJIOHHaX H aHKepHblX ()OJI..
,aMH,ll.8J1bH8fl nJlHTH8H '48CTb; 4 - C)eTOO'"
HaS! no.nrOTOBK8 TOB npH CTaJIbHbIX KOJIOHH8.X.
Bb!COTa D.nHTHOH qaCTH cJ>YH-
,aaMeHTa naSHaqaeTCH no pacqe-
TY. Ec.nH BblCOTa q.YH
aMeHTa nOJIyqaeTCH 60JIbWe BbICOTbi nnHTHoH
'l3CTH, TO 3a ClleT pa3HHIJ.bI B BbICOTax YCTpaHBaeTCB nO
KOJIOHHHK.
BbICOT}' q>YH.naMeHTa peKOMeHJlyeTcH HaSHaqaTb KpaTHoH 300 MM.
3.22. Pa3
1epbl B nJIaHe nO
KOJIOHHHKa H nOJlOWBbI ,lJ,OJI>KHbI HaSHa-
WJ8TbCH KpaTHbIMH 300 MM. ,
f1>opMa nOnepeQHOrO cetleHHH nO
l{OJIOHHHI{a, l<aK npaBH.n<?, npHHH

MaeTCH npJJ
fO}TOJIbHOil. npH cooTBeTcTBylOmeM 06ocHoBaHHH .nnH
CTaJIbJIbiX JJ.BYXBeTBeBbTx KOJIOHH MorYT ObITb npHHHTbl H .npyrHe <»op"
MLJ nOnepeIJHblX CelleHHH nO
KOJIOHHHKOB, HanpHMep .nByxBeTBeBh1e, a
TaK>Ke X-06pa3Hb1e nO
KOJIOHHHKH. L{nyxBeTBeBble nOJJ.KOJIOHflUI{H HOH"

TPYHpYIOT TaK }Ke, KaK Ii KOJlOHHbl, a peKoMeHjJ.8«HH no KOHCTpYHpO"
naHHIO X -o6pasHblx nO,l(KOJIOHHIIKOB npl1Be,neHbI B n. 3.32 HacToHw.ero
PYJ<OBo.ncTBa.


1L


-1 1
1


.
I


2






lit)





t:3


'-










"


1- 1


2


1






CQ





"-
"


J


l
(l<pomHO 300)


ti6




3.23. Pa3MepbI no BbTCOTe no,nKOJlOHHHI{a H MHTHOA '13CTH Ha3Ha-
QalO1'Cft KpaTHbIMH 150 MM. BblCOTbI cTyneHeH YCTaHaBJ1HBaIOTCH B sa.
BHCHMOCTH OT nonHOH BblCOT
 n
HTHOH qaCTH
YH
aMeHTa H npHHHMa-
IOTCR paBHblMH 300 H 450 MM. npH BbICOTe nJIHTHOii llaCTH 1500 MM II
ooJ1ee BbICOTa Bep
Heii cTyneHH MO>KeT 6blTb npHHRTa paBHoH 600 MM.
BbTCOTbl cTyneHeH peKoM
HAyeTcSl npnfJHMaTb no Tao
. 17.
3.24. nOA MOHonHTlIblMH Q:>YH,lJ.aMeHTaMH He3aBHCHMO OT rpyHToBbIX
YCJIOBH" (I<poMe CKa.,'1bHbIX rpYHToB) peKoMeH
yeTcH Bcer,na npeJ(ycMaT-
t 611 t


>KeJ1e306eTOHHblM «PYHAaMelIT
f=20+30 M'M np" MeTaJlJlH
eCKOn OnaJ1y6Ke; 1==50 ltIM npH AepeBRHHoA ooa..
nyoKe


t Zn t
,
i J
L__J





 l
PRC. 50. C60pHblH


, I
t ,
L__J


J


!


b


J


pHBaTb 6eTOHHYIO no.nrOTOBKY TOJlmHHOH 100 MM H3 6eTOHa MapKH M50,
a no,n C60pHblMH - H3 cpeJ(He3epHHcToro neCRa CJIOeM 100 MM.
fipH HeOOXO,lJ.HMOCTH YCTpOHCTBa cJ>YHJI.aMeHTOB Ha CKaJlbHbIX TPyH"
Tax CJle
yeT npell.YCMaTpHBaTb BbIpaBHHBalOmHM cnOH 'no rpYHTY 113
6eToHa MapKH M50.
3.25. npoeKTHYIO MapKY 6eToHa no npollHoCTH Ha CLKaTHe AJISI
MOHonHTHNX
YH
aMeHToB Ha eCTeCTBeHHOM OCHOBaHHH H MOHOJl"TH
X
pocTnepl<oB OTJ(eJIbHLlX cBaHHblx «j)YHJI.aMeHTOB peKoMeHAyeTcSI Ha:iHa..
qaTb He HH>Ke MapKH MJ 50.
C60pHbJe cpYH)I.aMeHTbl H pocTBepKH CJIe
yeT BbInOJIHSlTb H3 6eTO-
Ha MapoK M200 HJIH M300.
3.26. To
mHHa 3aUUITHoro C.HOSI oeToHa D6 J(
H pa6ollei1 apMaTY-
pbl no,nOlllBbI MOHOJTHTHNX cpYHAaMelIToB
OJl2KHa Y
OBJIeTBOpSlTb Tpe...
60BaHHH
1 n. 3.3 H8CTOHlll.ero PYKOBoAcTBa " npHHHlvlaTbCH He MeHee
35 MM (c yqeTOM, 1lTO BblnonHSJeTCH oeToHHaH nO)J.rOTOBKa), a npH OT-
CYTCTBUH 6eToHHoH nOJ(rOTOBKH - 70 MM. TOJIWHHa 3aIUHTHoro CJlOH
B C60PHWX
YHJ(aMeHTax H nO,lJ.KO
OHHHKax MOHOJIHTHWX
YH
aMeHTOB
JlOn>KHa ObITb He MeHee 30 MM.
npH Heo6xo!U1MOCTH apl-tIHpOBaHH5I nO,ltOlllBbl «)JYH,lJ.aMeHTa, YCTpa-
..
HBaeMoro Ha Cl<a.,'1bHOM rpYHTe) c
e
yeT npenYCMaTpHBaTb 3aI.U.HTHbIH
enOH 6eTOHa TOJII.U.HHOH 35 MM..
3.27. ,QHaMeTp pa(50QHX CTep>KHei apMaTypbI (cBapHon HJIH BR3a-
BOH) nO,lJ.OlllBbI, YK
a
bIBaeMbIx B
OJIb CTOpOHbl 3 M '}I MeHee,
OJI>KeH
6b1Tb He MeHee 10 MM, a cTepmHeH, YK,,1JaJI.bIBaefvIblx BJI.OJIb CTOpOHbI
60JIee 3, M, -lie MeHee 12 MM.
3.28. nO
OWBbI
YHJI.aMeHTOB peKoMeH
yeTcSI apMHpOBaTb THno-
BblMH YHHcpH
HpoBaHHblfvIH cBapHbIMH CeTKaltH (CM. Ta6JI. 5), YKna,ALI-
BaeM
MH B )J.Ba cnOH C pa60tJei apM8TypOH BO B3anMHO nepneHAHKYR
JISipHOM .Hanp8BJIeHHH. B03MO}KHbIe cxeMbI paCK41'Ia,nl{H THnOBblX YHH4>n-
UHpOBaHHblX CCTOK B cnoe ,ltaHbI Ha pIlC. 51.


5*


67




50


PHC. 51. PacKnaAKa cBapHbIx YHH4>HD.HpoBaI-IHbix ceTOK OAHoro CJ10Jl
ITO nOAOWBaM OT,lI.eJIbHhlX 4>YH,lI.aMeHTOB KOnOHH
1 - ceTKH; 2 - nOAOWB8
YHJ1aMeHTa


npn WUplIlIC cj>YI-l,l1aMeHTa AO 3 M MO>KHO npHMeHHTb O,lI.HY ceTI<Y C
pa60'lHMH CTep>KHHMH B ABYX HanpaBJIeHHHX, eCJIH STO He npOTHBOpeqHT
YCJlOBHHM YUHq>HKaUHH apMHpOBaHHfl q>YHJI.aMeHTOB .naHHoro OODeKTa.
npH apMHpOBaHHIi nOAOlllBbl 4>YHD.2MeHTOB THnOBbIMH YHH
Hl
HPO-
B8HllbIMIf ceTKaMH CJle.nyeT npOBepftTb paCqeTOM Ha.ne1KHOCTb 3HKepOBKH
pa60Qnx CTep>KHeH. T2K l<aK KpaHHHe nOnepe'lHble CTep>KHH THnOBhlX ce...
TOK paSMelltalOTCR Ha paCCTOflHHH 150 HJIH 300 MM OT 60KOBOn rpaHH
IIH>KHeA cTyneHH.
AHKepoBKa npOAOJIbHblX pa60QHX CTep>KueA CtfHTaeTCJI ooeCneqeH...
HoA, eCJ1H B npe,l1eJJ8X yqaCTKa IIH>KHeH
TyneHHJ Ha KOTOpOM npOqHOCTb


68




Ta6nHD.a 17
QO,l.lafl BLrCOT8, nnHT- I EhlCOTa CTyneHeR. MM
HoA lJaCTH
YIIA8Mt'H- hI , hs h3
Ta, MM
300 300
450 450
600 300 300
750 300 450
900 300 300 300
1050 300 300 450
1200 300 450 450
1500 450 450 600


CeqeHHH 06eCneQHOaeTCH 6eToHoM..16, pacnOnO>KeH XOTSI 6N O,lUUJ none-
peQHbli1 Crep>KeHb CBaptlOH ceTKH unH co6JIIOAae-rcSI YC,lIoBHe
It; > lau- (16)
3HaQeHHSI 16 (pRC. 52) ,l1J1S1 «!>YH.llaMeHToB H3 paSHbiX MapOI{ 6eTOH8
B 3BBHCHMOCTH OT OTHowelIHSI eonpOTHBJleHI1S1 OCCBOMY paCTH>KeHHIO 6e..
TOlf8 R p K }CpaeBOMY AaOJIeHHIO H8 rpYHT non nO.D,oWBOH cj>YH,l(aMelIT8
PJ'P (B3HTOMY H3 paC'leTa) onpeJ(eJiSleTCft no rpa«!>HKY pHC. 53.
.l{JIH onpe.neneHHH 3HaIJeHHJI If} .o.nR «!>YH,n,aMeHTa 83 6eTOHa np04
eKTHoH MapKH M150 (R p =6,3 Krc/cM 2 ) npH l<paeoOM ,naBneHHH cj>YH.
J),2MeHTa H3 rpYHT prp=1,8 Kfe/cM 2 H BhlCOTe cTyneHH fJ J =30 CM Bb1-
R p 6,3
QllCJISleM OTHOWCHHe - p = _ 8 = 3,5, HaXO,lJ.HM Ha OCH Op.l(HHaT
l'p 1 t
TOllKY co 3Ha'leHHeM 3,5 H npoBo.o.HM OT Hee npHMYIO, nap.anJJeJJbHYIO
OCH a6CD.HCC, .0.0 nepeCeqeHHH C KpHBOH .o.nH 3Ha t leHHfl h J = 30 CM. OT
TOQKH nepeeeqeHHH 9THX nHHHA onYCKaeM nepneH.l(HKYJIHp Ha OCb a6c-
D.nCC, r.n.e H tJHTaeM 3HaqeHHe If} =43 eM.
3H3qeHHH las onpeAeJIHIOTCR no n. 2.40 H3CTOHlllero PYKOBo.ncTBa.
EcnH paClJeTOM nOKa32HO, lITO 3HKepoBKa CTep>KHe
 THnoBoD. YHJI-
cJ>HD.HpOB3HHOH ceTKH He 06eCneQHBaeTCH, TO Heo6xOAHM@ npe.nYCMOTpeTb
O,l{HO "3 CJle,llYIOILlilx MeponpHHTHH:
a) npHBapHTb K KP2HM ceTKH Ha paccTOSlHHH 25 MM OT KOHD.OB
npo.nOJlbHhlX Crep>KHeM no .l(onOJIHHTeJJbHOMY nOnepeqHoMy aHKepHoMY
CTep>KHIO .l(HBMerpOM He MCRee nOJIOBHHhl .lUlaMerpa pa6o'lero CTep>KHH;


PIIC. 52. AHKepoBK8 pa60tJeu apMa-
TypbI nO.l(OWBbl f»YHAaMeHT2 (BTO-
poA CJJoA ceTOK YCJIOBHO ue nOKa.. 1
38H) .
1 -
YIIA8 MeHT; 2 - npOJl,o.'1bHble (p800- J

He) CTe'»KHH CB8pHblX ceToK; 3 - none.
1>ellHLle (MOHT8>KHble) cTep>t<IlU cBapHblx I'J
ceTOK; d H d. - COOTBeTCTBeHHO AH8MeT-

pLi npOAo.nb!iblX H nOnepeqHbIX CTep>KueA
CeTOKi hi - Db1COT8 HII>KHeA cTynettH
4>Y HJI, 8 MeHTa


laH
l6


69




6) CHH31ffb .nHaMeTp pa601JHX CTep>KHCfl .ceTOK S.3 ClJeT YMeHblIle-
nH1l I'IX lllar3 c 200 ]J.O 100 MM nYTeM YKJJ3lU<H ceTKM Ha CeTKY;
B) yseJIH'IMTb BblCOTY HH>KHeH cTynclJH <pYH.naMeHTa;
r) YBeJIH'IMTb MapJ<Y C5eTOHa
YH.naMeH1'3.
3.29. ,[louycKaeTcfl, npH Heo6xoJUfMOCTH, apMJlpOB8'fb 110JJ;e.llttTbl
cj)YH,lJ.aMeHTOB OT,lJ.eJlbHbIMH CTepJKHHMH. B 9TOM cnY(lae crep>KHH pac-


Rpl P2p
10


5



f
/ I
I-

J
1
]
"../ I, ,


" "'l
-, J
I
I I I
, 7 /
J J ,.
i J
I I /
I '/ J'
II ) /
J / I"
I , 1/
J
i-o- _
- i-- - I / I
---.. ,
7



It / ./
/ t
" /
j IJ V /'
1/ /
/ .., It




D


8


'7


G


Jj
J5
J


2


1
o


10 20 JO "0 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 1;}0 1/;O 11a,
lO, CM .


))HC. 53. fpacl>MK ,lJ.JIH onpe.n.eJlellHH ,n.J1HHhI YQaCTK8 [6, H8 Ko.TOpOH
npOQHOCTb U8KJIOHHbIX CeqeHHit 06eCne'lHSaeTCfl 6eTOHOM HH}J(HeA CTY-
neHH cpYH,lJ.aMeHTa
Rp - p8CQeTHoe conpOTHB..'1eH!:!e oeTOHa oceBOMY paCT
>KeHHIO no Ta(S.'l. 18 rn8"
BLI CHun 11-21-76; P rp - H8H6onbIlJee KpaeBoe .D.8BJleHHe Ha rpYHT OT p8C'leT"
Hoft H8J'PY3KH oe3 Y'leTa Beca €pYH.D.8MeHT8 H rpYHT8 Ha ero YCTyn8x; hI - BbI

COT8 HH>KHelt CTYneHH 4>YH.D.aMeHTa


KJla,lJ.bISaIOTCH 80 B3aHMHo
nepneHn:HKYJlHPHbIX HanpaBJleHHHX, napan-
JJeJlbHbIX CTopOHaM nOAOlllBbI. llIar CTep>KHen peKOMeH.nyeTcSI npMHHMaTb
200 MM, J(JlHHa crep>KHeH Ka*.noro HanpaBJleHHH ,lJ.OJl>KHa ObITb OAHHa..
KOBO". B CJlytJae npHMeHeHHH apMaTypbI nepHO,lJ.H1JecKoro npocpHnfI ABa
v v u
KpaHHHX pg,lJ.8 nepeCelleHHH CTep>KHeH no nepHMeTpy CeTKH Aon:mHhI
f)blTh coeJJ.HHeHbI CBapKOH. .LlonycKaercfI npHMeHeHHe .nyroBoH CBSpKH.
BHYTpeHHMe nepeCeqeHHSI ,lOJlJKHbI 6bITb nepeBH3aHbl qepes ysen B wax"
MaTHOM nop
,Q({e. ECJIH )J.JIH apMlfposaHHSI nO,lJ.OwB npHMeHSleTCSI rnaA"


70




Raft a pt.t8 rryp a , CTep)KHH ,lI.On}f{HbI 3BKaH'IHB8ThCfI KpIOK8M-H. a CD.plCa
Hep
eH1fH no nepHMeTpy B STOM cnyqae He Tpe6yeTCSI.
3.30. MHHHM8J1bHblH npoueHT apMHpoBaHHH nOJ(OWB'bI q>YHAaM'eH'"
TOO H pOCTBepKOB He perJI8MeHTHpyeTcH.
3.3.. nOAKOJIOHHHKH, ec.nH He06xo,nHMO no paclleTY, )J.OJUKHbI apMH-
pOBaTbcH 'npo,nonbHoH H nOnepeqHOH apMBTYPOH no npHHUHny apMHpo-
BaHDR KonOHH.


a}


0)


Cf


J1
-I.



2L


:J.2
e-
--
--


,
l
2-2 C2


t


!


l
1-1


l


1


CI


C1


C1


C1


PHC. 54. ApMHpOBBHne nO)J.KOJlORHHKOB npHMoyroJlbHoro CeqeHHH CBap-
IINNH ceTK8MH 6es HX B3aHMHOM CBH3H I11llHnbKBMH H XO'MYT8MH
a - paCQeTH8f1 paCTSlHYT8S1 apMaTypa B O,llHOn nJlOCKOCTH: 6 - paCqeTHaSi pacTSl-
HYT8S1 8pM8Typa B
BYX nnOCKOCTflX


nJIOllla.nb CeqeHHH npO,lJ.O
bHOH apMBTypbl C KB>K,lJ.OH CTOpOHbl me-
JIe306eTOHHoro nO)J.KOJIOHHHKa ,lJ.OJl1KHa 6b1Tb He MeHee 0,05 0 10 nnow.aJJ.H
nOnepeQHOrO Ce1JeHHSI nO)J.KOJIOHHHKB.
.l{HaMeTp npOJ(OJlbHbIX CTep)l{HeA MOHOJIHTHbIX nO)J.KonOHHHKOB ]J.on-
>KeH 6hITb He MeHee 12 MM.
3.32. ECJtH B >KeJIe306eToHHblx nO)J.KonOHHHKax C.>KaTBH apMaTypa
no paCqeTY He Tpe6yeTcR, a CeIJeHHe paCTHHYTOH apMaTYPbI Heo6xo,lI.H-
MO no paC1JeTy He oO/lee 0,3 Oro nJIOwaliH nonepet.lHoto CeqeHHH 6eTOHa,
TO ,nonYCKaeTCH He YCTaHaBJIIIB8Tb npOJ(onbHYIO H nOnepeqHYIO BpMaTY-
py no rpaHHM, napanJJeJIbHbtM nnOCKOCTH ,lJ.eMCTBHR H3rH6BIOwero Me-
MeHTa (no J(JIHHHbIM CTopOHaM nOnepe1JHOrO Ce'1eHHH no,nKonOHHHKa).
ApMHpOBaHHe no rpBHHM nO)1KOJIOHHHKOB, nepneH,lI,HKY JIHpHbIM nJIOCKO"
CTH Aei'lcTBluI H3rH6alOlll.ero MOMeHT8 (no KOpOTKHM CTOpOH8M nonepeq..
HOI"O CeqeHHH nO)J.KOJlOHHHKa), BblnOJlHReTCH B STOM cnYIJ3e CBapHblMH


11




TIiPOBhlMH YHHt}>H1I.HpOBaHHblMH CeTKaMH C 06eCneqeHHeM TonllUiHbl 3a-
I[(HTHOrO CnOH ()eTOHa He MeHee 50 MM H He MeHee ABYX AHaMeTpOB
DpOAonbHOH pa60QeH apMaTYP
. npH 9TOM KOHCTPYKTHBHyro apM8TYPY
B Salll.HTHOM cnoe TOJIllI.HHOH 60Jlee 50 MM YCTaHaBnHBaTb He Tpe6yeTcB;
He Tpe6yeTcSI TaK>Ke coe,lI.HHeHHe npO,ll.OJIbHbIX CTep1KHeH npOTHBono-
JI02l{HbiX ceTOK XOMYTaMH H WnHJIbKaMH (pHC. 54, a).


G)











tg

'W
.1 '
&1


0)


&1


tl




".


IC)


t:J
1::a..1\
I::t' ....
t::

'"-


C1
2L










50


PHC. 55. ApMHpOBaHHe nO,lJ.KonOHHHKOB X-06pa3lforo CelleHlfR CBapHLlMH
ceTKaMIf
a - paCtICTHaB paCT
UIYTaB aplS8Typa B o,AHoR nJ1OCKOCTO; 6 - paClleTH8fl paCTfI-
"YTa
 8pM8Typa B ABYX nnOCKOCTftX


AuanOrHqHO apMHpYIOTCH nO,llKonOIIHHKlJ, paCCQIIT8HHbIe I{aK 6e-
TOHHble, ecJJH B IIlIX Tpe6yeTcH YCTaHoBKa KOHCTPYKTIIBHOH apMaTyphl
(CM. n. 3.10, iJ HacTonw.ero PYKOBoAcTBa). .
ECJIH ,lI.OnYCKaeTcH paCQeTOM, TO Tal{Oe apMupOBaHue CBapHbf.MH
CeTKaMH (6es UX BsaHMHoii CBHSH) MO>KeT ocyw.eCTBJIHTbCH He TOJJbKO
no ABYM, HO H no qeTbipeM CTopOHaM cetlelUfSl nOJ],KOJlOHHHK8 (pHC.
54, 6). CeTKli B 9TOM cJIYQae KpenBTcH K JKeCTKOH OnaJIy6Ke.
B C
'YQae npHMeHeHHB nO,ll.KOJIOHHHKOB X...06pasHoro nOnepeQHOrO
Ce'leHHft HX KOHcTpyHpoBaHHe peKOMeH,lI.yeTcSI BbinOJIHHTb no puc. 55.
3.33. B c.nYllae HeBOSMO>KHOCTH KpenneHHH ce,TOK K ona_iI}'6Ke ap-
MHpoBaHHe nOAKO.'lOHHHKOB npH BhlCOTe c1>yHJI.aMeHTa /l.0 7,2
{ MOJKJlO
ocYmeCTBJIHTb npocTpaHcTBeHHhlMH c8MoHecYIUHMH KapKacaMH no
pRC. 56. Dpll 3TOM B KapKacax BbiCOTOH ,ll0 4,5 M YCTaHaBJllfB310TCft


72




aJ r h n r OJ
1-1
1 1 :.

t::;:) .1 1
I
 !h n =900!
'"
v/

1-1 f
3
1

hn=1200 1
h n =1500
2 1 1
2

 'Jt::




1






t:)
,...
C;)
II c:Q



ttS


M=1200
1800


Puc. 56. ApAIHpoBaHlle nOJ],KOJlOHIIHKOB caMOHeCYlllHp.UJ
KapKaC8MH. co6HpaeMblMH H3 CCTOI{
4 - 06W.Hn BR.A
YJl.A8t.{eHT8; 6 - cxeMbl YCT8HOBKH P83B1T3b1B8IO-
U(HX WOHJleK. H ropH30HT8J1bIlYX 8PM8TYPllLlX cBSl3eit B Kap
aCax;:
8 - CXeMY YCT8HOBKH CeTOK npH c(5opKe HX B KSpK8C;
1 - ceTKH; 2 -- mnHnbKH (qepes 600 YM no BblcoTe); 3 - rop030H-
T8J1bfJbJe apM8TVPHbie CBBS" (npH 4.5 M<.H ())<.7.2 M): 4 - )lyro..
B2)1 cBapK8 (1 mB ==40 MM, h JDB ,==6 MM, UJar 600 M'-I)


73




TO.nbKO p83Bfl3bIB810111He WnHJIbKH"8 BbICOTOH 4,5-7.2 M YCTaIl30JIHSa-
IOTCSI .nonOJIHHTe,,'lbHO ropH30HT8JIbHbIe .nH8cl>parMLI )KeCTKOCTH H3 cTep'"
}RHeA .nH8MeTpoM 12-16 MM tIepe3 1800 MM .no BhICOTe.
npH 8pMHpOB3HHH nOAKOJIOHHUKOB
YH
8MeHToB OMCOTOH oonee
7,2 M npH cOOTBeTcTBYIOw.eM 06ocHoBaHHH AJIH HaOeCK" cBapHbIx ceTOK


a) h n 0) h n
t t
2 71 1 1
.
. "-
1
1l 'X: -1 1 2l 12
J.




 C,
"" .. ""

 I.






1-1 1 2-2
1 '
I
2 . .'. !.. ·
1
h n 1
J, 1-1
- ]3
L-




PRC. 57. ApMHpoBaHHe no,nKOJIOHHHKOB ceTK8MH, HaoelliHoaeMbIMH H8
necYll1J1H KapKac, H rHYTbIMH ceTK8MH
If - npH pacqeTlIoA paCTSlHYTOA apM8Type B o)l.HoA nJIOCKOCTH; 6 - npH pac-
lJeTHoA pacTHHYTOA apM8Type B D.BYX DJIOCKOCTHX; 1 - nnOCKHe ceTKH; 2 - fleey-

HA KapKac; 3 - J'HYTble ceTKH


C ABYX HJIJI lIeTbIpex. CTOpOH .nonycKaeTCfl. npHMeHHTb K3pKac C IIcno.nb..
SOB8HHeM npOKaTHbIX npO
H.JleH npeHMymeCTB.eHHO H3 yrO.,'IKOB (pHC. 57).
npoKaTHbIe npO
HJ1H 9THX K3pKacoB ,lI.OJ{}I{Hhl YllUTbIB3TbCH B Ka...
'1ecToe paooqeA apM3TypbI nOJ.lROJIOHHHK8.
npH He>KeCTKOH on3J1y6Ke )I,-onYCl<aeTCfl T31{}Ke apMHpoB8Tb nOJl.KO"
JlOHHHK CeTI(3MH C OTOfHYTbIMH KpaflMH (pHC. 57, n03. 3).


14




3.34. ApMHpoBaHHe CBapHbIMH
ceTKa:MH BblCOKHX nOMonOHHllKOB
np" pa3
enbHoM oeroHHpos3HHH
nnHTHoH qacrH H nO
KOROHHHKa
peKoMeHAyeTCR B
nORHHTb co CT
.
KOBaHueM ceTOK Ha)1 nJIHTHOH
lJaCTbJO (pHC. 58). CTbIKoBaHHe pac-
THHYTbIX paootIHx cTep>KHeii CeTOK
BHaxReCTKY npH oopbIBe Bcex cTep-
lKHeH B O
HOM CeqeHHH cRe
yeT
BLlnOJlHHTb Ha BeJUf1JHHY 2 lu
(puc, 58, a) .
npH 06pbloe B O
HOM CeqeHHH
50Ofo pa60qnx CTep>KHeii CTbIKOB3-
HHe ceTOK MO>KHO ocymecTBRRTb
Bpa36e>KKY nYTeM BblnYCKa 83 DJIUT-
HOU qaCTH 4>YHAaMeHTa
BYX ceTOR:
O
Ha ceTKa BblnYCKaeTCH Ha ,llRHHY
1 ft , a BTopaR - H3 21 H (pHC. 58,0). CYMMapHaB nRow.a,nb Ce1JeHHH CTep>K-
HeB ceTOK ,nOR>KHa COCT3BJIRTb nnOl1(a
b CeqeHHSI paOO1JeH apMaTypbI
nOJJ.KOJIOHHHKa.
3.35. npOJJ.O,,'JbHble CTep>KHH apMaTypbl no,nKOROHHHKOB MOHORHTHbiX
$YH
aMeHToB npH OTCYTCTBHH rpYUTOBblX BOA peKOMeH.nyeTcii ycranan-'
JUJBaTh Henocpe,nCTBeHHO Ha 6eTOHHYIO no
rOTOBKY, SaKaHqHBaB ox SAeCb
6e3 KplOKOB II OTfHOOB.


Pitt. SS. Y CTpOlicTBO CTblKOB pac-
...
TJlHY1'LIX CTep1KfleH BHaxneCTKY B

YHA:aMeHTax KOJIOHH np" pas..
AeJlbHOM OeTOHHpOBaHHH CTyneH

qaTOU QaCT8 cJ>YH)laMeHT8 H noJJ.

KO.nOHHHKa


Q. - npu CTblKOBKe Bcex CTep>KHea B o.n....
HOM Ce1JeHHH; 6 - npa CTblK.OSKe 50%
cTt'p>KHeA: B OD,HOM CeqeHHH; 1- CTyneu.
1l8T8R 1l8CTb 4>YH,lI.aMeHT8: 2 - nOD,ROnOH-
HHK; 3 - CTblKOB8H ceTKa; 4..... ceTKa noJl.-
KonOHIUfK8; 6 - ceTKH nO,ll.OWBbI 4>YU,lI.8-
MeHT3


a)




t-.J
CI


5)


':t:
t--..I


:t
N


I
i




c:: = =:lkc:::


JL
II
=:Jb =


JlononHHTenLH
e YKasaHU9 nO KOHCTPyupOBaHUID
4>YHAaMeHTOB C60PHbiX )KeJ1e306eTOHHblX KOJJOHH
3.36.. <l>YH;JJtAieHTbl COOpHblX KOROHII peKoMeH.nyeTcH KOHCTpYHpoBaTb
no puc. 59 co cT3KaHHoH Q3CTblO J(RH 33Ill.eMJ1el-IHH KOROHH,
CTaKaHbJ cl>YHAaMeHToB ,nnyxBeTBeBblx KOel'lOHH c paccToHHHeM Me>K-
JJ.Y HapY>KHbIMH rpaHSfMH BeTBeH h H >2,4 M peKoMeHAyeTcii BblDonHRTb
OTJleJ1bHO noJt Ka>KJ.J.YIO BeTBb.
fRy6HUY CT3K3Ha cpYH.naMeHTa he CJleJtyeT' Jla3HaQaTb Ha 50 MM
60Jlbme r ny6HHbf 3aJteJJKH KOJlOHHbJ hS9
3.37. fJ1y6HHa 3a.neJIKH THflOBblX KO.nOHH B cl>YHJt3MeHT npHulfMaeTcH
no cooiueTcTBYiOUlHM THlIOBblM cepHflM. f Ry6HHa 3a
eRKH HeTHnOBblX
KOJIOHII npHHHl1aeTCH B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT Tuna KOROHHbl.


75




I(O.nOHHbI npSlMoyrOJIbHoro CeqeHHSI SaJle.nblBaIOTCSI B 4>YH,l1aMeHT
Ha r.ny6HHY, onpe.nenfleMYIO no Ta6JI. 18.
rnyoHHa SaJleJIKH .n0yxBeTBeBbIx KOJIOHH .non>KHa YAoBnemopSlTb
cne.nYIOIUeMY yc.nOBHIO:
hs > O,5+0,33h n , (17)
rAe hu - paCCTOSlHl1e Me1KAY HapY1KHblMH rpaHflMH BeTBeA KonOHHbI, M.
npn hl:J
2,1 M fJ1y6HHa SaAeJIKH npHHHMaeTcSI 1:2 M.


0)










 :t:
. . f.-


..6,15tJ


(PJ


1


.
.2 .











PIIC. 59.
'loUO.'uITlIbIe cJ>YHAaMeHTbI CGOpHbIX KOJIOHH
a - (j)YH,lI.aMeUT C p83BHTbJM 1JO,ll.KOJlOHHHKOM AnSI IOnOlfUbI npSlMoyrOJlbliorO ce.
qenHR H ,D.syxBeTBesoA: 6 - TO >Ke. 4>YIf,ll.a MenT, COCTOHllI-ldt TOnbKO H3 nnHTlloA:
'Utc"fu; L - CT8K8H; 2 - KonOHua; 8 - nO,ll,KOJIOHIIHK; 4 - n.nHTuaH q8
Tb cPYIiJJ.,a..
MeHTa


fny6HHa sa,a,enKH KOJIOHHbl .nOJI}KHa TaK}Ke Yl
OBJIeTBOpSlTb Tpeoo-
BafIRIO aHKepOB({H npo.nOJ1bHOA pa60 t leH apMaTypbl KOJIOHHbI B 4>YHJla-
MeUTe (Ta6JI. 19).
,LlonycKaeTcfl YMeHbwaTb rJIy6uHY 3a.ne.'JKH pacTSlHYTblX CTep1KlleH:
a) eelIH OHli nOCTaBJ1eHbI C 3anaCOM no cpaBHeHHIO c paCtleTOM no
N a
npO'lHOC1'1l. YMHO}!{IIB SiIa1JeHHJI Ta6nHl.bI Ha K03C}>cl>II11HeHT Ra Fa . IJO
npUHHMaTb He MeHee 3HaqeHHH 3a,neJIKH JlnSl c>KaToA apMaTypbl. 3Jlecb
tJ a - YCH,1Ine, KOTopoe JlOJI1KHO 6bITb BOcnpHHSlTO aHKepyeMbIMH paCTB-
fIYTbIMH CTep>KIUIMH no pacileTY;
Fa - nJlow.aj
b CeqeUIISI €}>aKTHtlecKH YCTaHOBneHHbIX allKepye11bIX pac..
TflUYTbtX CTep}l(iIetl;


76




T a () JI H n a 18


3H8qeHIle OTHOWeHIUJ
de
- (CM. pHC. 59. a)
hc


1\HHHM8J1bH8S1 l"J1y6HH3 s8Aem<H C60pHhlX KonOHH
npSlMOYI"().I'1bHOI'O CeqeMHSI B 4YHA8MeHY hs
npn SHaqeHHH 5KClleHTpMCHTeTa npoAOJJbHOA CHJlbI eo


"JIM
de
- (CM. pHC. 59, 6)
hs



2hK


>2h K


>0,5


I


<.h K


I


<.h K






<.0,5


<.h K


hK+
(hK -2d c ) (;: -2),
nplf1leM h K <.ha <.1 ,4h K


T 8 () JI H n a 19


lIJlHHMaJlbHaR r JlY(SHHa S8AenKH pa(ioqeA
apMBTyphi KOJlOHHbI B t)YIIA8MeHTe
npH npoeKTHoA MapKe (SeTOHa KO.'10HII


KJl8CC
epM8Typhl


nonepeqJloe

O
CeqeUHe KO,,'10HHbI


,..300 II Bhlwe


paCTSlHY- !
ToR C>KaToA


pa
AHY- C>K8TOIt


.
n p Sll{ oyrOJlb- I 25d 15d 20d IOd
Hoe
J
-II


....


J{BYXBeTBeBOC I
I
I


npBMoyrOcJ1b-
Hoe


30d J5d I 25d JOd
30d 18d I 25d I 15d
35d I 18d ! 30d I 15d


A..I)1


)loyxoeTBeooe


6) npn YCTpoACToe YCHneHIIA Ha KOlIll.aX 8HKepye
lblx CTep>KHeii
(n. 2.41 «6», «B» lIaCTOHUJ.ero PYKOBOJICTB8), HO npHHHM8Tb He Mellee
15d.
rJlY()HH8 S8,lleJJKH ABYXBeTBeBblX KonOHlI ,ll0JI>K1I8 T8K)Ke yAOBJIeT-
BOpBTb Tpe600aHHHM 8HKepOBKH paCTSlHYTOH BeTBH KOROHH
 B CTaKaHe
cJ>YH,ll8MeHTa. ,[lOCT8T01JHOCTb aHKepOBKH neToH npOBepHeTCH p8CQeTOM
H8 cnenneHHe 6eTOHa no nROCKOCTBM KOHT8KTa 6erOH8 S8MOHOnHqHBa.
HAft c 6eTOHOM CTeHOK CT8K8H8 H C 6eTOHOM BeTBH
OJIOHHbI.
3.88. TORUJ.HHY AHa craK811a CJle.nyeT npllHHM8Tb no p8CqeTY, H oua
AOJl1KHa 6b1Tb He MeHee 200 MM. Mcxo.nfl H3 9Toro BblCOT8
YHAaMeHTa


77





oopHoA KonOHR!>I ,l(O.n>KHB 6bITb He MeHee rJIYOHHhl CT8KaHa, YBe.nl{tJe,H-
80M Ha 200 MM. ,
3.39. CTeHKH CT8KaHa AonYCK8eTCH He 8pMHpoBaTb
 eCJIH TOnlnHH8
HX nOBepxy 6o.nee 200 MM H oo.nee 0,75 rJIy6HHhi CTaK8H8 (npH rJIy6ul,e
CT8Kalla MeHbUleit, tleM BbICOT8 nO,lLKo.noHHHK8, - (pHC. 59, a) HnH (SQ-


!L





.



c:;:r
v/v'1
d


II


h n


J


1-1
-


C-f


-


/

2Sd'd,
8MM


PRC. 60. ApMHpoBBHHe cT8KaHHoA Q8CTH <}>YH,llaMeHT8 C60PHOA KonOH-
HbI CBapHbIMlJ ceTKaMH (Ct)
J - c1JYH)l.aMeHT; 2 - KOJIOIIHa; 3 - npO.D.OJlbHasr apMaTypa OO;J.KOJlOHIIIU,a; 4-
oOnepetlH8S1 8pM8Typa nO,ll.KonOHHIiKa


T a 0 n H
 a 20


THO KOJIoHHbI


»
MHHHM8JJbH811 TOJI
HHa CTeHKH CTaK8H8, pacno-
no
<eHHOn nepneHAHKynHpHo nnOCKOCTH AeAcTBHH
H3rH68
ero MOMeHT8 npH sKcqeHTpHChTeTe
npOAoJlbHOA CHnbI eo


<2h K


I
I


>2h K


.


npBMoyronbH8g


I
I


O,2h K


O,3h K


.QOYXBeTBeBaH


OJ 2h 11


78




.nee 0,75 BbICOTbI BepxHeA cTyneHH cl>YH,naMeHTa (apa rnyoHHe CTaKaHa
60JlbWeH, qeM BblCOTa nOAKOJIOHHHKa, - pJlC. 59, 6).
ECJIH 3TH YCJIOBHH He COOJUo.n.aIOTCH. creHKII CTaKaHa CJ1e,nyeT ap-
MHpOBaTb no pHC. 60 nonepetjHoH H apo,nOJIbHOA apMaTypoii B COOTBeT...
CTBHH C paC'leToM. npH 9TOM TOJUIlHHa CTeHOK CTaKaHa AOJI>KHa 6hJTb
lIe MeHee 150 MM. KpoMe Toro, TOJIIIlHHa cTeHoK, pacnOJI01KeHHblX nep-
neH,llHKYJIHpHO nJIOCROCTH JleAcTBHH H3rHoaIOwero MOM:eHTa, AOJI>KUa
6bITb He Mellee BeJIHtjHH, YKa3aHHbIX B TaOJI. 20.
3.40. nonepetJHoe apMHpoBaHHe CTeHOK CTaKaHa c.ne,llyeT BbInOJIHJlTb
cBapHbIMH ceTKaMH C YHH
Hu.HpoBaHHbIM marOM. CTep>KHH STHX eeTOI<
pacnOJIaralOTCSI Y HapY>KHbIX H BHYTpeHHHx nJIOCKOCTeH CTeHOK. 11Ha-
MeTp cTeplKHeH ceTOK CJIe,nyeT npHHHMaTb no pactJeTY, HO He MeHee qeT-
.-
BepTH ,nHaMeTpa npOAOJJbHbIX CTep>KHeH nO,llKOnOHHHKa H BO Bcex CJ1Y-
'laHX He MeHee 8 MM.
ECnH Bepx CTeHOK CTaKaHa no paCqeTy HeOOXO,llHMO apMHpOBaTb
CHJIbHee, qeM B OCTa.nbHOH ero qaCTH, TO ,lJ.HaMeTp CTep1KHeli )J.BYX Bepx..
HHX ceTOK npHHIIMaeTCH YBeJ1HqeHHbIM, a war ceTOK coxpaHHeTCH. Pac-
CTOBHHe Me1K,ny ceTKaMH CJIeAyeT HaSHaqaTb He 60JIee tJeTBepTH rnyou-
UbI CTaKaHa H He oOJIee 200 MM.
nO,nKOJIOHHHK HH>Ke AHa CTaKaHa apMHpyeTcH B COOTBeTCTBHH C
Tpe60BaHHHMH HaCTOHInero PYKOBo,nCTBa K apMHpOBaHHIO KonOHH.
CTepJKIIH npO,lJ.o.nbHOH apMaTypbl nO.llK0J10HIIHKa AO.n1KHbI npOXOAHTb
BHYTPH RqeeK CBapHbIX ceTOK nonepetJHOH apMaTypbl.
3.41. BeToH ,nJISI saMOHo.nH1lHBaHHH KOJIOHHbI B CTaK8He
YH.l1aMeHTa
Ao.n1KeH 6b1Tb He HH1Ke MapKH MI50 H He HH>Ke MapKH oeTOHa cl>YHAa-
MeHTa, YMeHbweHHOH Ha O,nHY cTyneHb (50 KrC/cM 2 ).


,RonOJlHHTeJ1bHble YKaaaHHSI no KOHCTPyupoBaHHIO
.YHAaMeHTOB MOHOnHTHYX
ene30oeToHHMX KonOHH
3.42. <l>YH.naMeHTbl MOHOJIHTHblX K0J10HH peKoMeH,nyeTcH KOHCTPYH"
pOBaTb Ha pUC. 6 t .
PasMepbl nOnepeqHOrO cetJeHHH nOAKOJIOHHHKa no cpaBHeHHIO C pas-
Mepa'MH nonepetjHoro CeqeHHH KOJIOHHbl npHHuMalOTcH YBe.nHqeHHbIMH Ha


50 -0,050




..t::: t:


::t:














PHC. 61. 4>YH.l(aMeHT MOHOJlH T-
HoA >KeJIe300eToHHoH KonOHHN


PHC. 62. ApMHpoBaHHe
YHAa'"
o
MeHTa MOHOJ1HTHOH KOJIOHHht


19




80


"


PHC. 63. Pacn0J10>KeHHe BblUYCKOB CTep>KHeA nepHOJ1HQe-
CKOro npoc}>HJJJI J(JlH YCTpoAcTBa CTblKOB apMaTypbl 4>YH-
AaMeHTa C apMaTypoil .XOJIOHHbI BHaXJJecTxy 6es cBapKH


PHC. fA. Pacno.no:meHHe BbInYCKOB r.na.nKHX CTep>KHeA
".nH YCTpoHcTBa CTbIKOB apMaTypbI cJ>YH,D,aMCHTa C apMa-
TypOH KonOHH
 Buax.neCTKy oes cBapKH




50 MM B Ka>KJ.J.YIO CTOPOHY, lITO Heo()xo.nHMO .n.nJl Y,D,o()cTBa YCT8HOBKR
onany6KH KOJIOHH hI. ,
OTMeTKa B
pXa nOJlKOnOHflHKa Ha3HaqaeTCSI Ha 50 MM HH>Ke ypOBHJI
1JHCTOrO nOJIa. CTblK KO.nOHHbI C nOJJ..KOJIOHHHKOM, KaK npaBHJ10, YCTpaH"
BaeTCH Ha OTMeTKe 06pe3a c}>YHJlaMeflTa.
3.43. COe.llHHeHUe MOHOJIHTHblX c}>YH.llaMeRTOB C MOHOJIHTHblMn K0J10fl"
HaMH B
nOJIHHeTCH nYTeM CTNKOBaHHSI npO.llORbHOH apMaTypN KonOHH

C BblnycKaMII CTep1KHeA H3 cJ>Yfl.llaMeHTa.
3.44. KOJ1HtleCTBO, .o.HaMeTp H pa30HBKa apMaTypHblx BbInycKoB HS
nO,D,KOJlOHHUKa AOJI1KH
 OblTb TaKHMH >Ke, KaK H B KonOHHe B Mecre ee
Sa.Lt
.nKH. 3aJleJIKa BbInycKoB apMaTypbI B cJ>Yfl.llaMeHTe AOJ1>KHa 6bITb fie
MeHee BeJ1UQHHbr laB (CM. un. 2.40 HnH 2.41. HaCTOSll.lJ.erO PYKOBo.ncTBa).
1(8K npaBH.no, BblnycKH )lOBOASlTCSI .LtO nO.llOlliBbI c}>YR,D,aMeHTa H SIBJ)ft-
JqTCH npo.QonbHoH apMaTYPoH nOJU{OJIOflHHKa. 3Ta apMaTypa J10JI>KHa
6blTb OO'he.nHHeHa xOMYTaMH HJlH nOnepeIJHbIMH CTep>KHHMH.
npH 60nbwoii BbICOTe nO,D,KOJIOHHHKa MO}KeT BblnOJIHHTbCSI JlOnOJ1HH.
TenbHblii CTbII< npO,D,o.nbHon ap!'1aTypbJ nYTeM ycrpoHcTBa DblnYCKOB H3
Bepxfleli cTyneHB n.nHTHoii qaCTH 4>YH.naMeHTa (pHC. 62).
3.45. npH apMHpOBaHHH KOJIOflH BH3aHOH apMaTypoii CTep>KHH ne.
pHOJlHQeCKOrO npO
HJIH npH ux qHc.ne Y paCTSlHYToH rpaHH CeqeHHJI
(ionbwe .nBYX CTbIKYJOTCB B .LtBYX ypOBHJlX no pHC. 63. CTbIKH rna.LtKHX
CTep>KHei{ YCTpaHBalOTCB B saBHCHMOCTH OT HK KOnHIJeCTBa y P8CTHflY-
Ton rpaHH CeIJeflHSI nOJlKOJIOHHHKa B .nBYX H.nH Tpex ypOBHBX no pHC. 64.
,Q.nHHa nepenYCKa (HaXJ1eCTKH) CTep>KlleH B CTbIKe L B onpe,lJ.eJ1BeTCH
no n. 2.46. flaCTOSll.lJ.ero PYKOBO.nCTB8.
BbtnYCKH 83 c}>YH.naMeHTa CJ1e.nyeT H
3Ha1JaTb C TaI<HM paC1JeTOM,
1JTO()bI CTep1KHH oo.nbllIeit .nnHH
 H ()OJIblIIerO .nHaMeTpa pacnOJJaranHCb
no yrnaM nOnepeqHoro Cei.leflHSI no.nKOJlOHHHKa.
B npe.o.eJlax CTblKa c.ne.nyeT YCTaHaBJ1HBaTb XOMYTbJ C lIIaroM He
6o.nee 10 JlHaMeTpOB CTep>KHSI npo.nOJ1bHoA apM8Typbl (6epeTcSI MeHb-
mHD .llH8MeTp).
3.46. BbJnycKH CTep1KHeii HS 4>YHJJ.aMeHToB JJ.JlH YCTpolicTBa CBap"
HblX CTbII{OB C npo.noJlbHOA apMarypoA KonOHH C nOMOIUblO Bal1HOii no-
JJyaBTOM8THi.leCKOH cBapKH no.n q,J1IOCOM B
nOJlHSlIOTCH, KaK npaBH.n0,
Ha O,D,HOM ypoBHe. ,QJ1HH8 BbIuycKa .LtOJ1>Kfla OblTb fie MeHee 4 d CTbIKY"
eMoro C7ep}l{HJI H He MeHee t 60 MM; paccToSlHHR B cBeTY Me}l{Jl.Y BbJnyc..
1(8eMblMH CTep>KHSlMH .Lton>KHbJ 6blTb He MeHee 50 Mf;.{.


AOnOJlHHTeJlbHble YKa3aHHH no KOHCTpYHpoBalllllo
.YHAaMeHToB CTanbH
X KOJlOHH
3.47. KOHCTPYHpoBaHHe BepxHeii qaCTH c}>YHJlaMeUT8 H OTMeTK8 06-
pe3a 3aBHCSlT OT npHHHToro D npoeKTe MeTaJIJIHIJeCKHX KOHCTpYKIJ.HA
cnoco()a onHpaHHSI CTaJIbHoro OaWl1faKa Ha cJ>YH.naMeHT H
.{eTo.na MOHTa-
}f{a KOJJOHHb1 (puc. 65).
Pa3Mep
 nOJlKo.nOHHHKa B nnaRe YCTaHaB.nHBaIOTCH B 3aBHCHMOCTH
OT pa3MepoB CTanbfloro oalliAfaKa, H OHH JlOn>KHbJ YJ.J.oBneTBopSlTb pas..
Mell{eRHIO c}>YH.naMeHTHbix 60JITOB (pHC. 66), BbInycKaeMbix H3 q,Yfl.Lt8-
MeHTa .LtJIH KpenJ1eHHSI oaWMatca H nepe.n81JH YCHJu:di OT KonOHHbl.
3.48. <J>YH.LtaMeHTHbJe ()onTbI .nOJI>KHbl 6blTb sa.neJ1aHbl B 4>YHJJ.aMeHT
lIa rnYOHHY laB, ITpHHHMaCMYIO no Ta6J1. 21 B saBHCHMOCTII OT THna 6oJJ"
Ta (pHC. 67).
fnyoHHa sa.LteJIKH .non>KHa ObJTb He MeHee 25 d ,UnH OOJITOB TilDa I
H lIe Me,Hee 15 d AJJSI oonToB THnOB 2 H 3.,


6-661


8t





 co
X ggs CD 0 8 C.J l('.)
 0

 ..
 <.0 0') CI


 - -


c.o ,....
X OLC QQ 0
 0 1.0


:E 0 .. 0) ..0 00
:c
 0000 0 .... -- -.
.. -.::t'

 <.0
:.a x
¥2

 0 0

 co
'£
 .. 0
 ....



 ..... t.Q ...... ...
! '"
4)- i CI
Q.
R ....
 8


 c.o

... ... ...
GJ. LO .... 10
 .....
2 CJ
i :g

i (£)0 0 8
 0 IIJ (.0


co .. <0 (0 .... -
c: co ..... -.::t' - ....
....
! QO Q)
 0 Q




 co , - I



 0 LO ......
0 .... ..... ..... .....
)II:
!

 J
 0 1 8




 .. .
i -.::t' 0 ..... ....
.....
:s
 Ch

.e: CV';)
I IIJ , 0

 0

 A 00 ....
t'- ....
!
i Q 0'). 0
C'f)
 I .... I R C'J 0 0
:E ..
 ('II) Q:) ....
«J 1.0 .....
Q.
C
 . 0


 J
 , g at:) 1.0 00

 .. -.0(
 I.Q
Ctj ...
Q ::G 8


 I I 0 ....
 QO
:E .. LQ

'" ......
;)HHdh

cq

 Q"



.?H
090 -: <0
IHJH '"
.ad
wtJi j:tt =:
 :tt * * * s::a

nJUl}Jb'a ('.)
cL
 Q.
t

(.) Q)
. . :E
 :a
.Q
 = ca C<;S
e::( =: :t: =: = 
:=
 (.J
 g
 J::(

:t: ca C<;S
Q.

 m
t .Q f-c
= S

 Q, 0

 = 2 tJ: ca Q. =: -=
co t: CO :J: c: :3: :a

Q. S :1
:a :c ::c
cv CU ::G:a
r= 0:
 ca ca toot Q..O ..... =
Q..
 ca ::c :c 0 e-.
=

= :r
,... :z:
 :: := (j >.
 Q..ca a
(U E-c
 c; :IS
s
s

 <Uti: t::! J::(
 E-4
eu t:r::
:= U:J: :a
J::(
IJ)
Q..cr CQ
BJ. It0 9 UHJ. C"f.)
-..
....


.....




C')


..
o
(J:)


..
o
G')
.....
(.0
..
o


I
I
I
J
J
0
tQ
-
-


....
0
....
......
0
O'.i
Ie
0
<0




i:
u






0
Z
<V
03

=:


f--
0
CQ
:::
=
::;:


...


00
co
..
CN


co
::I
=
t;

03
f-..


......


..




(f)
iQ
..


....


....


...


.....


.....
.....


...
o


....


..


o
00


...
...
o
00


..
o






f:
:.c:


;:Q

-=


a




co
:E


-


82




, I
I I
I I
I I
I I

 +f-I

+



-"
0 +E-c


+
p-t
---
0 +(-1


+
...c
<::> +E-c


+


0 +E-c
g 10+


8 +(-1

+
Lt)

:I:

GS



 A
'ca
E--
:s:




 ca
==
c:t ::

 t::
Ct)

CU
::c 0::

 ca
 -
....

 a
l: t::


6*


c +E-c C . ,

 0
 0 g 0 c...
to
+ ... >. :c
('VJ
 ..... 0 l'-- Q. 0
.....  '"






 0
0 +(-1

 ::

0 0 0 0 .0  t:;

CJ
+


 co
 :: e-
(V)
 Q)
... cY:) :g
...... ::
8 +(-1 ..... :s ca
8 0 0 0 0

 :a

......
+
 0

 .. :c
..... C'a
 ('f"J (0 Eo- 8
-.. C'a

Q.. Co.
0 +
 q: =
0 8 8 1f;)
 r:: 00

8 10 co
 ..
 c:Q
Ltj+
 C't <N t'-
 0
..... C'a
 0...
..... 0
+ ......


0
 0 0 0

 C.I


L'"




+ 00 C"I  .. E-
...... ...... <N
 ......

.....




= :s:
+i-t ..... :c :c
0 0 8 t{.)
 0 Ctj ::



+ 10 .... co Q.. c:(
..... ...
 .. = ""
Oi l'-- ('I')
(tot 0 cd
+(-1 0')


0 0

 0 J,...e = u

 to+
 LO tQ
 0


 .... ..... <N .. ::! = :=
 (.J :i
0:,... t
0 +(-1 0 0 0

 c:; tU t

+ CI'j J.t) r-- C'a CI) 2
CI .. E-- :: fa
LQ ...... ...... .. ::
('.. ('f"J =
= ::
+(-1 0 Q..



 to-
o 0 0 10
 0 .C :a
10 0+ CI C't ('t'J '"'" t"- i

 ..... .... ..... .. <.Ottt


 Ct)
= .

u-=;

0 +(-1 ,0 0 I.Q 00
 ('f"J
 =0 :i
an
+ ...... 0 .... .. Q..O 0
.... ::
('tJ ...... ..... ..... ....... ca::a !-t


 0
+(-1 C<;S :Z::::Q ""

 0
 0 <.0 co

 :a=: (W)

+ 0 ;


C)') ......
 .... ?E
...... 0 ..
c::{
=

0 0
=
g f-t
= .....}
 .Q.
 . f'IIf ro




 .. Q
''''''' c :to .. Q.,

...... ... :.a t-o
E-- Q)=
. ::
 0;
(.) t:;
tJ::

= 0-=
$t R A A A A
 A J,...e CUte

 Q) CaJ ca
:a
t:; =

 =
 cu
;
 D::
=
=
 Q.. (Y)
:CQ) ca
Q)

 0 0 to- Q)
Q..

= t. r.;

 :r'c >-


 '"'"
 :c cao
cu
 ca >. co < tr:I
E-c :: :: Q.
 = :c
t:; :c == tt)o;:


 t::( . o
 .....
:: 0 .. ca ... "'c::{

  =
 j;Q :::

 ::
 !:
 -.= . . 0

CiJ

 g =:

 A ,=;
q: :E; ('(') a::
 :c IS:
:aQ)

 :: CL) S = ca 0- :c ::c I:Q
=

C")
 0- := :zi Eo- :: Q) :=
Q.,:C


 Q..
 aJ:Q a Q., ca

 .... = ca &&; ::E£o-I
 (.J ca t::e- 0
::i:: c:: = ca:S: a (.J tt OQl-=;ca
Sr::; ::

 O

=
z: CJ ca=: CU= Q.. ::c
 Q)
 :c
E-c :Cto- (1) (jt:: =:{= e- CQ co ::
>. a =(.)
 == ::a c..
= 
I::;



 ::c := =
3>-'

 t:

 < Q.=
t::


(V) t:
 .cv) Q. ·


 e-

..... t:; (j




83




AHKepHble nJJHTbI ()O.nTOB THnOB 2 H 3 npH paccToHHHH Me1K.lI.Y 60JJ-
TaMH, MeHbweM HJIM paBRON pa3Mepy n.nHThI, c.ne,llyeT npHMeHHTb CBap-
HbIMH) OO"be,lJ.HHBB B OJ{HY nnHTY JInS1 rpynnbI ()OJITOB.


4


2


fflJ3 OOUlMt1KI1-


5


1- 1


2
J


...
-.,


IT


1


7


PRC. 65.. OlufpaHHe CTanbHbIX KOHCTPYKIUIH KO.nOHH lIa :mene3o()eTolI-
HbIe
YHAaMeHThI
1- f)JYU,lJ,aMeHT; 2 - 8HKepH&le 6onTbl: 3 - CT8J1bHble KOHCTPYKIHH 6awM8K8 KO"
JlOJlHbI; 4 - BblBepoqH&le ()onT&I; 5 - no,annBKa leAleilTHbiM paCTBopOM HnH 6eTo.
J.lO
; 6 - BbiBepeHHble SaKpenJleHHble wai16bl; 7 - BblCSepe}IHble 6anHH


. 3.49. C.ne,llyeT npHMeHSlTb
yHJIaMeHTfIble 60.nTbI H3 yrJJepO,llHCThlX
"UIIH3Kotl1erHpoBaHHbIx CTaJleH:
a) npH paCIJeTHOH TeMnepaType BbIIJ1e MHHYC 40° C - 113 CTanH Map-
KH BCT3Kn2 (fOCT 380-71 *) HJlH npH cooTBeTCTBYIOIIJ.eM 06oCHoBaHHH
HS CTaJlH MapoK 09r2C H IOf2Cl (fOCT 19281-73);
() npH paClleTHOH TeMnepaType OT MHHYC 40° C }1.0 MHHyC 65 0 c--
us CTaJIH MapoK 09r2C H lOf2CJ (faCT 19281-73).
n p II M e tI a H H e. B npoeKTe H B AOKYMeHTanHH no saKasy }1.0Jl)J(.
U8 YKa3bIB8TbCB KaTeropuH HHSKOJIer8pOBaHHoH CTa.nH.
BbIcOKOnp01JHble 60.nTbl Ha,llJleX{HT npHMeHflTb D3 yrJlepO,llHCTOH CTa.
JIB 35 (fOCT 1050-74) H.nH 83 J1erHpOBaHHbIX crane" 40X (TY 14-4-
87-72), 40X4>A H 38XC (faCT 4543-71). Tep
fH1JecKH O()pa()OTaHHbfX
8 rOTOBOM H3.ue..'JIIH (OOJlTe).


84




3.50. B c.nyqae npHMeHeHHH c1>YH,ll8MeHTHblx ()OJITOB H3 IIH3KOJlerHpO-
-
B8HHWX HJIH BblcOKOnpOqHblX craJIeD Be.1J.HllH"Y HX Sa,lleJIKH CJle,llyeT YM'"
,
Ra
H01KHTb Ha KOsc}:>c}:>HqHeHT k = -;
Ra
,
r.ne Rat Ra - paC1JeTHble conpOTHBneHHB COOTBeTCTBeHHO HlfSKonerHpo-
BaHHOH HJlH BblcOKOnpO'lHOH CTaJIH H CTaJiH CT3.
3.51. ECJIH npH y.aOBJIeTBOpeHHIf tpeOoBaJ.JHH no sa,lleJIKe c1>YH,lla-
MeHTHbIX 60JITOB OT HX "H33 ,llO nO,llOlliBbl cjJYH,llaMeHT3 OCTaeTCSI p8C.
CTOBHHe MeHee O,llHOrO f.leTpa, neJIecOOOpa3Ho OOJ1TbI .l10BO,nHTb AO HH38

YH.l18MeHTa (pHC. 68), HO npH YCJlOBHH, qTO STO He npOTHBOpeqHT


t
 d
1 2
11 ---1---
 .1!.
'"
I I I I
I' I I
II I I

I' I ! ......

'g
 I ·
J
r::
 J.

. 70
1-1
tc
150 nplI d ,"8 2 to
to
 200 nplJ d>48
r ............. ..-....... ..... ---

-t-J -N
I
1 J
...... L__________...1

t
50 t
50 U.


PUC. 66. Pa3MephI n0.l1K0J10HHHKa B saBMCHMOCTH OT pa3MenteHHB c}:>YH-
AaMeHTHblX OOJITOB AnSI KpenncHHB MeTaJIJIOKOHCTPYKQHA OaWJvt3K8
v
CTanhHOIi KOJIOHl1bl
1- 8HKepHble t5onTh!; 2.. 6awM8K KOJJOHHbl; a -- (j>YHJJ.aMeHT
n p H M e.q a n H fl: 1. laR H Ho - npHHHMaeTcH nO TaOJl. 21. 2. T - npH-
UHMaeTCB no sa,llaHHIO 8BTOpOB npoeKT8 MeT8J1JIOKOHCTPYK1J.HA KO-
JIOHHbI.


86




Yliutf>HKal(Htf OO.nTOB )1.nft cl>YHA8MeHTOB ,naHHOrO ot5'beKTa. B STOM CJIY-
IJ3'e Mf)JHIH). O'lK8aaTbCH OT npO.Lte.nbIlOH apMarypbJ no-,aK0J10HHHK8.
3.52. 4>YHAaMelITHble 60J1TbI ,nO.n>KHhI ObITb YCTaHoB.neHbl B npoeKT-
Hoe nO.n01KeHHe H SaOeTOHHpOBaH
 OAHOSpeMeHHO C
YH,naMeHTOM.
B c.nY'lae ec.nu }KecTKOCTb apMaTYP'Horo KapKaca .LtOCTaTOt{Ha ARB
«)1JtKClipeBaHHH q.YllA8MeHTHbIX tSOJlTOB B npOeKTHOM. n0J10>KeUHH npH


0) r1






'-'


.....


6)


d


8}


d


....


C)
'"




N


1
, d,
ti.!!


 J


 J



-..,J
,...."







-..J
'"


1-1






-
!y

J"t


-
1/


Pnc. 61. <I>YU.Lt8MeHTHble OOJ1Tbl AnSI KpenJIeHHH CTa.nbHbIX KonOHH
a - C OTrll(;OM ,D.U8'1eTpO'M pe3b6b1 OT M20 JJ.O M48 (THJ1 I); 6 - c anKepHolt unH"
'loA }l.llaMeTpoM peab6bl OT M20 JJ.O 1148 (TlJl1 2); 8 - C aHKepHoA nJIHTott JJ.HaMeT

p8M pesb()b1 OT MOO JJ.o MOO (THO 3); 1 - mnllJlbKa; 2 - waAi)a; 3 - raAK8 (FOCT
ti915-74 JlJlSl Tunon 1, 2; rOCT 10605.-72 JJ.JlSI TilDa 3); 4 - aHKepH8R nnUTa
n p M M e q a H II c. Pa3Mcpbl .naHbI B Ta6.n. 21.


86




oerrOHupOBaHHH, tITO npOBepHeTCJI pa-cqeroM, CJIe.nyeT AJUI t»HKCHp08aHH,f(
HCnOJIb30BaTb K8pKaC. ..
ECRH KpenneHHe 60RTOB TpeoyeT YCHReHHH apMaTypHOrO KapKaCa,
peKOMw.nyeTcSI npHMeHSlTb HHBeHTapHbIe KOHJ(YK:ropa, J(.oTopbIe :imq>en-
JIHIOTCH 3a npelleJ1aMH nO
KonOHHHKa.
3.53. npH Heo6xoJlHl10CTIt n.o p.aC'leTY KocaenHoro apMHp:6BaHHR
BepxHeH qaCTH no,nKOJIOHHMK8 no
 onopHbIMH 1J3CTHMIi C'iI'3J1bHbIX KOJJ0RH


I


PUC. 68. nORO>Ke..
HHe
YHJlaMeHTHbIx
OOJ1TOB no Bb1COTe
-
YH,naMeHTa
1 - «»YHJl8 MenTHble
6onTbl; 2 - -t>YIf,aa..
MeHT; 8 - apMa-rypa
R0;IJ.OWBbl <1>}r HJJ. a MeH"
Ta; 4 - apMaTYpa
nOJJ.Ko.nOH'"lHKa


£


3Aecb cne
yeT npeAYCMaTpHBaTh YCTa-
HOOKY n.aKeTa CBapHbIX CeTOK B KORHfJe-
CTBe He MeHee 'leTbJpeX WTYX C waroM
50-150 MM.
I1epBaH CBapHaH CeTKa Aon>
Ha
YCTaHaBRHBaTbCfl Ha paCCTOHHHH He 00-
nee Tpe6yeMoH TOJIllI.HHbI salllMTHoro
CJlOB 6eTDHa, a BeCb naKeT ceTOK "PH
HanHqHH yqHTbIBaeMOH B paCqeTe npo-
v u
AonbHOH C}J{aTOH .apM3TyphI nO
KOROH"
HHKa JlOR>KeH pacnORar8TbCH Ha
nnHe
(C'lHTaH OT oope3a <PYH.D.aMeHTa) He Me-
lIee 20 d npO.D.OJIbHOH apMaTypbI. eCRlt
OHa 8hmOJiHHeTCH 03 rJlaJI.KMX CTCP)I{-
HeM, H 10 d. eCJ1M OHa BbIllOJIHSJeTClI fl3
crep>KHeH nepHo}.J.HqeCI{OrO npoq:HIJUI.
B cRYllae eCJIH C./KaTaJl npoAonb 1t
HaSI apMaTypa no p3ct.JeTY He Tpe6yeTcR
H He YCTaHaDJlHB.aeTCSI (CM. fl. 3.51 fia..


PHC. 69. KocBeHHoe apMHpoBa-
nMe nO
KOJIOHHMJ{OB <PYHJlaMeH"
70B CTaJIbHbIX KOJIOHH
a - ODHpaHHe 6alllMaK8 CTO.AKH
ennOWHoro Ce
JeIU:UI; 6 -.. TO )Ke,
JJ.OYXBeTBeBoA KOJlOflHbl; 1 - $YfI.lI.a..
MeHT; 2 - MCT.anJiOKOHcTpYKl.HH 6a,lII-
M8K8 Konollllbl; 3 - cBapHble ceTKH
KOCBCHHoro apMHpoBaHHR


1
/'







....

 '-J t(:)
"


If


2






::t:



,


c::
.





tl} *- G

II' .r! s
)N
f
1
:$


6)


L .JOHtt nepe8o'lu Ha
PYJ/{u
S
Iw


2.' -
AI


I

115 0


z


1. -


87




CTOJllnerO PYKOBOJl,CTBa), TO naKeT CeTOK AOJJ>keH pacnOnaraTbCSI H8 AJlH-
He He MeHee paCCTOHHHH OT oope3a c}:>YHAaMeHTa AO CeqeHHH nO.LtKOnOH-
HHKa J rJl.e KOCBeHHoe apMHpOBaHHe no paCtIeTy Y>Ke He HY>KHO. CqHTaSl,
'lTO YCHJlHB OT MecTHoro C>KaTHH pacnpOCTpaHBIOTCSI nOA yrJloM 45°
(pHC. 69).
npH 9TOM AJiH cnyqaH, nOKasaHHoro Ha pHC. 69, a TOJlllH1:Ia nal<eTa
ceTOK HOCseHHoro apMHpoB8HHH onpe.neJlfleTCH no c}:>opMyne
hill
 0.5 ( B: np -s)>> (18)


a AJJJI CJlY1JaH, nOKaS8HHoro Ha pHC. 68, 6 - no c}:>opMy.ne


N
I' R2
 BR np - S. ( 19)


3.n.eCb N - npO.LtOnbHaH C>KHMalOmaJl CHJla;
R Dp - pactzeTHoe conpOTHBJIelllle oeToHa oceBOMY C>Ka.
THIO C Y'leTOM n03. 5 Ta()JI
 15 fJlaBbi Cllun
11.21.75;
IJJl' h lt2 t B H S - no pHC. 69.
CeTKH KOCBeHHoro apMHpoBaHHH c.ne.LtyeT KOHCTpYHpoBaTb HS apMa.
TypbI Ktl18CCOB A-I, A-II. A-III, B..l H Bp-l, npHMeHHH .LtHaMeTpbI crepm-
HeB He C5o.nee 14 MM. PeKOMeH.nyeTcSI CBapHBaTb ceTKH HS CTep>KHeH Jl.H.
3MeTpoM 5-10 M!1, np.Hqe
' HS oOJlee npoQHoii CTaJlH. Pa3Mephi BqeeK
CeTKH .LtO.n>KHbI OblTb 50-100 MM. a DJIOUJ.aAH CeqeHHSI CTep1KHeA Ka eAR..
HHUY j(JIHHbl ceTKH B o,nnOM H B JlPyroM HanpaB.nenUH He .LtOJl>KHbI pas-
JIQQaTbCH oO.:'Iee tJeM B 1,5 pa3a.
BMecTO cBapHbIx
e.nbHblX ceTOK .u.onYCKaeTCSI npHMeHHTb COCTaB-
HbIe ceTKH 83 rpeoeHOK, KOTopble YCTaHOBKOH BO B3aHMHO nepneu,nHKY.
.,'1SJPHblX HanpaB,,1JeHIIHX 06paaYIOT ceTKY.
CTep1KHH npoAO
bHOH apMarypbl nOAKO.,10HIIHKa, ecJlH TaKaB apMa-
Typa Uf1feeTCH. AO.n1KHbl YCT8HaBJIHBaTbCH BHYTPU KOHTypa CCTOK.


J(ononHHTenbHye YKaaaHHH no KOHCTpYHpOBaHH

pOCTBepKOB


3.54. PocTBepK OT .LtenbHoro cBaHHoro c}:>Ylf.LtaMeHTa B Malle pel{O-
MeH.nyeTCB npHHHMaTb B 3aBHC"
{OCTH OT .LteHcTBylOweA Ha
YHJl.aMeHT
HarpY3KH (neIITpa.nbHoft IIJIH BHel.(eHTpeHHOH) KBa.LtpaTHOH H.nH npHMO.
yronbHoi{ c}:>OpMbI (CM. pliC. 48).
Pa3Mepbl pocTBepKa B n.naHe npHHIIM810T COfJ18CHO ltacroJlweMY'
PYKOBO.nCTBY, n. 3.1 H 3.2, H OHB .LtO.n>KHbI YD.OBJIeTBOpHTb YCJ10BHIO pas.
MellleHlIB CB8H B l<YCTe, 8 TaK>Ke OblTb KpaTHblMlI 300 MM.
3.55. PaccToHHR
 Me.il{,ny ocnMH CB8H ,nO.rl>KHbl OblTb He MeHee 3 d
(3JleCh d - .LtHaMeTp Kpyr.noro, CTOpOH8 KBa.npaTJIOrO HJIH C56J1bW8J1
cTopoHa npHMO}TOJIbHOrO CeqeHHB cBaA).
PaccToHHHe OT KpaH n.nUTbi pocTBepKa AO 6J1H>KaHWHX rp8HeA CBaA
C,JIe.nyeT npHHHMaTb He MeHee 100 :MM.
, 3.56. )Keneso6eTOHHble pocTBepKH .LtOnycKaeTCB npHMeHHTb c()op..
lt
MII C HsroTOBJJeHHeM UK lleJ1hHbIMH HJ1H COCTaBHbIMH. B C60PHblX POCT-
sepKax J1JJH ro
'IOBOK cBail npe.LtycMaTpHBalOTcH OTBepCTHH.


88,




ConpHmeHHB SReMeHTOB C60pH
X pocrBepKoB MemAY co6oA .U co
CB8HMH YCTpaHBaroTcH nyTeM CBapKH B
nYCKOB apM8TYP
 HRH 3aK
8
.
HbiX .LteTaReH.
3.57. nRR CTaKaHHOM COnpH>KeHHH C60PHhIX >KeReSOOeToHHbIx KO-
ROHH C pocTBepKoM TORll{HHa .LtHa CTaKaHa npHHHMaeTcH no paCqeTY H
Jl.oJ]}I{Ha ObITb He MeHee 250 MM.
3.58. npH Sa.LteRKe BepXHHx KonnOB cBaH B nRHTY pocTBepKa H8'
rRy6HHY 5lJ MM apMaTYPHble ceTKH nRHTbI pocTBepKa YKJIaAblBaIOTcH
cBepxy Ha Or0J10BKH cBaH. npH SaAeJIKe CBaH B l1JJHTY pocrBepKa HB
60RbWYlO rRyoHHY cTep>KHH ceToK, nonaAalOlllHe Ha cBaH. BblpesaIoTcH
H ceTKH YI{,na.£{bIBaIOTcH C salllHTHbIM CRoeM 50 Mlf.
B CJIYlJae HeooXOJlHMOCTH no paC'IeTY .LtRB KOMneHcanHH BbIpeSatf HblX
crep}KHeii no KOHTYPY cBaA YKJ1aAbIBaIOTCB .LtOnORHHTe.nbHO OTAeJlbHbIe
CTep>KHH, nplfBH3bIBaeMbIe K OCHOBHbIM ceTKaM.
KpaHHHe paOOIJHe CTep>KHH OCHOBHbIX ceTOK .non}l{HbI paCilonaraTbCH
Ha paCCTOHIIHH He 60Ree 50 MM OT KpaSl pocTBepKa.


KonOHHbI


3.59. l(oRoHHaMH HJIH CToHKaMH Ha3bIBalOTCH BepTHKaRbHbIe npOTS}-
>KeHHbIe 9J1eMeHTbI 0.LtH03Ta>KHOrO HRH MHOr09Ta>KHOrO KapKaca 3AaHHSI
URH coopY>KeHHH, KaK npaBHRo, nOABep>KelIHbIe C>KaTHIO.
B saBHCHMOCTH OT HaSHa1JeHHH H nOn01KeHHH B O.LtH03Ta1KHOM 3.Lt8-
8HH J(OROHIIb1 nO.Ltpa3.LteRHIOTCH Ha OCHoBHhle, paCnORO>KeHHble B KpaHHHx
H cpeAHHx pH.£{ax, H cj>aXBepKoBhle, pacnoRO>KeHHble B Topnax II HHor]J.8
B KpaHHHx pH
ax Me
AY OCHOBHblMH (KorAa pa3Mep KOHCTPYK
HH ere.
HOBoro orpa>KAeHHB MeHbwe wara OCHOBHblX KOROHH).
no cnocooy B03BeJleHHH pa3JIH'laIOT KOROHHbI c60pHble II MOHOJ1HY..
HbIe.
<1>opMa nOnepeQHOrO ceqeHHH KO.nOHH IIO>KeT 6blTb KBa,llpaTH8ff.
np1lMoyrOJlbHaH, ABYT8BpOBaH, KpyrnaH (cnJIOIDHaH H nORaH).
B npOMblw""eHHOM CTpOHTeJlbCTBe MaccoBoe pacnpOCTpaHeHHe nORY-
qHRH H npHMeHHIOTCH KOROHHbI cnROIllHoro KBaApaTHoro H npHMoyronb.
HOro nOnepeqHOrO CeIJeHHH, a TaX}J{e ABYXBeTBeBble (pRC. 70), peKo"
MeHAanlIH no KOHCTpYHpoBaHlllo I{OTOPbIX H3RaralOTCSl I11f)Ke.
K.Ba,l.lpaTHaH c}:>opMa nOnepe'lHOrO CeIJeHHH peKoMeHAyeTcH ARSI KO-
JIOHII, B KOTOpbIX npoAoRbHaH CHRa, KaK npaBlfRO, npHJ10>KeHa neHT-
paJIbHO, a npHlloyroRbHaH HJIH ,nBYXBeTBeBaH - npH HaRH'lHII B CeqeHHH
H3rH6aIOU.HX MOMeHTOB. npH HeOOXOJJ.H
fOCTH B KOROHHax YCTpallBalOTCH
KopOTKHe KOHCo.'IH ARH onHpallH1I npUMbIKalOlllHX KOHCTPYK
HH
epM,
nOJ1KpaHOBblX H Jl.pyrHx 6aJIoK. npH 3'rOM AJIH onHpallHH HeCYll{HX KOU-
CTPYK
HH nOKpbITHH pa31-Iep oroRoBKa KonOHHbl AOR1KeH 6b1Tb He MeHee
300 MM npH OllHOCTopoHHeM onHpaHHH H He MeHee 500 MM npH .LtBYCTO..
pOHHeM onHpaHHH. IIocJIe.LtHHu pasMep M01KeT 6bITb YMeHbweH ]1.0
400 MM, eCJ1H onHpalOTcH KOflCTpY
HH nOKpbITHH npoReroM ,no 12 M.
PasMep oro.nOBKa .LtOR>KeH 6blTb He Menee paSMepa CeIJeHHS BepXHeH
qaCTH KOROHHhI.

opMa KOJlOHHbI MO)KeT ObITb npH3Mam'leCKaH H CTyneH'laTaH. no-
CJIe,lUUlH npHMelUleTCH ,lJ.JlSI SAaHHH, OOopYAOBaHHbIX MOCTOBbIMIf KpaHa-
MH. CTyneH'laTble KOROHHbI COCTOHT H3 DOAKpaHOBOH H HaJlKpaHOBOH
qaCTH. B Ha.LtKpaHOBOH 'Iacm K0J10HHhI MorYT npH Ile06xo,llHMOCTH YCT-
paHB8TbCH npoeMbI ARH npOXO.Lta, KOTopbIe AO..'1>KHbl OhITb pa3MepOM He
MeHee 400X 1800 MM.
3.60. Pasltepbl ceqeHHA KOROHH .LtOJl>KHhl npHJlHAfaTbcH TaKHMH, WJ'to.
fibI ox rJ-IOI{OCTb lo/! B J11060M H8npaBReHHH 1 K8K npaBHJlO, He npeBblwa.na
89.





 4
200 ,J1nSl npHMoyrOJIhHblX CeqeHHfi -
57), a JlnB KGt110HH, JlBJUIIQII.{HX-
h
CD 3JIeMeHTaMH 3)J.amdi - 120 (:
 35).
Q) 6)


1 2
/

 :.s=
:z: :t: .s:::



8)
J
,0, :t: 0
 D
I ::t::
. -E:: 0 .s::: 0 oS:::.
0 0


,2)


c:....t
..t::


4


.a::: CI


1+


.a::






..!::


.s:::


. PRC. 70. TIlIIbI C60PHbIX K0J10HH
tl - npHSM8THQecKHe KOJlOIIHbl CnJlOWHOrO Ce1JeHIIS1 ,D,.nSl O,D,U03T8>KHbIX 6OCt<P8HO"
BbI
 3,ll8f1Mit; 6 - cTyneHt.I8Tble KonOHHbl cnnOWHoro CelleHHS1 ,D.JUI O,D,H03T8>KllblX
8JJ.8HHA, oOOPY,D,OS8HHhlX 'MOCTOBbIMH KpSHBMIJ; 8 - TO >Ke, ,D,nYXBeTBeBble KOJlOHflbl;
e
 KOJlOIUlbJ cn.nOWHoro CeQeHHS1 ,D,JlSI MIIOr03T8>KllbIX SJI,8HH!i; 1 - K:OHCOnb .o..nJJ
onHp8HHS1 cTponHJIbHb[X KOHCTPYKlHti; 2 -- KOHCOJlb ,D.nSI onllp811HJI nO,D.KpSHOBbHC
6anoK; 3 - npoeM JI,J1S1 YCTpO:HCTBa npoxo)J.s; 4 - KOflCOJlb ,D.JTJI onllpaHllJI pHre.neR
Mem,D,Y3Ta:-KHbIX nepeKpblTllft


3.61. Pa3McpbI IIODepeqHblX cetICHHH COOpHbIX H MOHOJIHTHbIX KO..
JIOHH Ha3HaQal.OTCH B COOTBeTCTBHH C nn. 3.1 H 3.2. HaCTOflIllero PYKO-
Bo,nCTBa. Hx peKOMeHlIyeTcH Ha3HaqaTb YHH<PH!.J.HpoBaHHbIMH B COOT-
BeTCTBHH C Ta6J1. 22.
'Pa3McpbI K0J10HII no BblCOTe OT ypOBHH qHCTOro DORa npJIHltMalOTCH
KpaTHbIMH 600 MMt a HH1Ke ypOBHH QHCTOrO nOJI3 - no ycnoBHHM: co-
npH>KeHHH C <PYH
aMetiTOlvl.


90




T a 0 n H II- a 22


lllUptiH8 BblCOTa Ce'-jeHIU1 KOJlOHHbI HJJU' BeTBH h, MM
--,
ce"
IUUI RO- 300 1 400 I 600 1700
nOUHbf HJlM 500 800 '900 ' t I laJl

BeTBII b, MM I 1 coo. J 200 KpaTIIe 300


200 XX XX XX
250 XX XX
300 X XX
400 X 0 X X X X
500 X 0 X X X X
600 X X X X x'
,nanee X.
KpaTHo
200


Y CJI0BHb1e o()o3HaQ-eHHH:
X - peKoMeHAyeMble pasMepbl Ann CnJIOlllHbIX CeqeuHi% KonOHH.
X X - peKOMeH,nyeMbIe pa3Mepbl CeqeHHH AJUI .l1BYXBeTBeBblx Ke.
JlOHII;
o - lIe pCKoMeHAyeMbIe, HO
onycKaeMhIe ceq.eHHB npH ycnOBHH HC

n0J1b30BaHHSI THnOBOH OnaJ1YOKIf.
n p H M e q a H H H: 1. .l{nH ,nBYXBeTBeBbiX KOJ1eHH pasMepbI OTH0£B-r-
CSI K CeqeHHIO OJI.HOH BeTBH.
2. npH BblCOTe npHMoyrOJIbHOrO CeqeHHSI KOJ1OHHbl 1000 MY II 6oJ1e8
peKoMeHAyeTcH nepexoAHTb Ha AByxBeTBeBbI.e KOJiQHHbI.


nOAKpaHOBble 1J8CTH OCHOBHblX KOJIOHH O,ll.H09Ta>KHbIX 3A8HHH ITPH
»blCOTe KOJIOtlHbI 60JIee 12-14 M peKOMeH,lI.yeTcSI KOHCTpYHpoBaTb .nBY:X-
BeTBeBbIMH.
3.62. BeToH AnSI KOJIOHH ITpHMeHSleTCH npoeHTHOH MapKH He HH1Ke
M200.
TORIl{HHa 3aIl{HTHOrO cnofl oeToHa AnSI pa60Qeii apMaTypbl KOn(i)HH t
TaOJIH1I.823


XapSKTepHCTUKa
MOJlOHH


TOJJ
HHa 9a
HTHO[,O CJlOSl tJeTOH8 a6 B KOJlOHHaX
AJIH npoD,OnbHoi apM8Typbl
I

SI nonepe
HoA
CTep>KHeaoA .AHa.. liS nOJlocoBoA, apMaTypbI Alia..
MeTpoM d l yrOJIKOBoi II
a- MeTpoM d1.
cOIiHoi CTanM


CoopHbIe 113 TH>Ke-
.noro oeTOHa Map-
KH M200 H MOJIO-
JlHTHble
C60pHble HS TJI>Ke-
noro 6eTOHa Map-
KH M250 H 6oJ1ee


20 MM
 a6
 d 1


a6
50 MM


15MM
 a6>d a


20MM
 ao


 (d l -5 r
M)


a6
50 MM


15
fM


dl


91




HaXOJJ.HIl.{HXCH B 06h1IlHhlX ycnoBHHX 9KcnnyaTal.{HH (npH OTCYTCTBHH ar-
peCCHBHblX B03JJ.eHCTBHU), JJ.on1KHa YJJ.OBneTBOpHTb Tpe60BatIHHM nn. 3.3;
3.4; 3.5; 3.6 HaCTOHll.{ero PYKOBoJJ.cTBa H npHtIHMaTbCSI no Ta6n. 23.
3.63.. KOHl(bl npo
onbHhlx pa60llHx CTep>KHeM, He npHBapHBaeMbie K
aHKepYlOll.{HM JJ.eTanHM, J(on>KHbI OTCTOSlTb OT Topua S.fJeMeHTa Ha pac-
CTOHHHH }]e MeHee:
10 MM - JJ.nH Ct50PHblX KOJJOHH .nnHHoft
o 18 M BKnlOlIHTeJJbHO;
15 MM - JJ.JIH C60PtIbIX KOnOtIH J(JJHHOH 60JJee 18 M, a TaK>Ke onop
H M8tJT nIo60ft AnHHbI;
15 MM- JJ.nH MOHonHTHbIX KO.fJOHH JJ..fJHtIofi JJ.O 6 M BK.fJIOIlHTenbHO
I1PH JJ.HaMeTpe CTepJKHeA apMaTypbl .no 40 MM BKJIIOIlHTe.fJbHO;
20 MM - AnSI MOHonHTHblX KonOHlI JJ.JIHlIOH 60nee 6 M npH JJ.HaMeTpe
Crep>KHeH apMaTYPbJ AO 40 MM BKnIOIlHTeJIbHO.
TOPl(bI nonepellHblx CTep>KtIeH cBapHhlX KapKacoB KonOHH AOn>KHbI
HMeTb Sall.{HTHblH CJIOH He MeHee 5 MM.
3.64. n.fJOma.nb CetletIHB pa60llefl apMaTYpbl KonOHHbI onpeJJ.eJIHeTCJI
paClIeTOM H AOJI1KHa Y JJ.O&fJeTBOpHTb Tpe60BaHHSlM n. 3.8 HaCTOJImerO
PYKOBoJJ.cTBa.
n.fJOll.{aJJ.b CeqeHHH npOAOJlbtIOH pa60lleii apMaTYpbI He peKOMeH.nyeT

Cft Ha3uallaTb 60nee 5
o nnOll.{aJJ.H nOnepeqHOrO CeqeHHB KOnOHtIhI..
CelleHHe KOJJOHHbl, HcnhlThlBaIOll.{ee J{eMcTBHe H3rH6aIoll.{Hx MOMeHTOB,
pa3nHIlHblx no SHaKY, HO 6.fJH3KHX no aenHIlHtIe t peKOMeHJJ.yeTcJI apMH-
pOBaTb CHMMeTpHIlHOH npOJJ.onbHOH apMaTypofi.
3.65. .l(HaMeTp npoAonbHhlx pa60qHX CTep>KHeH C60PHhlX KonOHH
peKoMeH.nyeTCJI Ha311allaTb lie Mellee 16 MM. AJJH MOHOJJHTHhlX KonOHH, a
.,
T8K}Ke AJIH KOHCTPYKTHBHOII apMaTyphl AonYCKaeTCSI npHMeHSlTb JJ.HaMeTp
CTep}f{Heil 12 MM.
3.66. Bce CTep>KHH npo.nOJIbHOA paoolleA apMaTyphl peKoMeHD.yeTcB
ICct3Ha t laTb o.nHHaJ{OBoro JJ.HaMeTpa. B cJJYllae ecnH npoJJ.onbHaH apMa-
Typa KOHCTpYHpyeTcH H3 CTep>KHefi pa3Horo AHaMeTpa, .nonycKaeTcH
opUMeHetIHe' He 60JIee JJ.BYX pa3Hblx JJ.HaMeTpOB, He cllHTaSl ICOHCTPYKTHB-
IINX CTep>KlIeM. npH 9TOM CTep}l{HH 60nbIliero JJ.HaMeTpa CJle.u-yeT pacno.
ilaraTb B yrnax nonepellHoro CelleHHJI KonOHHbI.
. CTep>KHH npO}!OnbtIOH apMaTypbI C Ka}KAOii CTOpOHbI nOnepellHOrO
CeqeHHH KO.nOHHbI peKOMeH,lI.yeTcH pacnonaraTb B O,nHH pSlJJ.. AonycKaeT"
CM npe,nYCMaTPHBaTb BTOpoA pH.n H3 ABYX CTep>KHeU t pacnonaraa HX
BU.!lH3H yrJIOB nOnepeQHoro CelleHHH KO.fJOHlIbI.
npOJl.O..!JhHYIO pa60QYIO apMaTYPY BUeu.CHTpeHHO"'C>KaTbIX !{O.fJOBH pe..
KOMetI.!I.yeTcH pacnOJIaraTb no rpaHH
I, nepneH,nHKY.fJSlpHbIM nnOCKOCTH
mrH6a {{OJJOHHbI. npOJ(OJIbHYIO paoollYlo apMaTYPY npH KOCOM BHeu.eH-
TpCHHOM C>KaTHH KO..TIOHH peI<OMeH,nyeTcH KOHl.{eHTpHpOBaTb B yr
'Iax
CC'leHIIB.
3.67. ,U.lJJlHbI npo,no.'1bHblX CTep.>KHeii apMaTYPbI KOJIOHlIhI AOJI>KHbI,
KaK npaBH.fJO, HaSHalJaTbCn T8KHM 06pa30M, IlT06b1 6b1JJa HCKnlOlleHa
nOTpeoHocib B CTblKax. B cJIYllae Heo6xo,nHMOCTH YCTpolicTBa CTb1KOB
BD
XJIeCTl{Y (6e3 cBapKH) pacno.fJaraTb HX CJ1 e .nyeT npeH
1YllleCTBeHHo.
B "ec-rax H3MeHeHHH CelleHHS1 KOJlOH}]bI.
B CTyneHlIaTblX KO.fJOHHaX npo.nOJJbHaSi apMaTypa BepxHero }"IacT-
Ita JlO.fJ)!{Ha ObITh aaBe,neH.a B 6eTolI HU}{{Hero yqaCTKa He MeHee Qe.M ua
AJJIJHY aHI{epOBI{I-I.
B JJ.BYXBeTBeBhlX KO.t)OHH8X 06pblBaeMble CTep>KHH ,nO..'1>KHb1 6blTb 3a..
Be,lJ.eHbI 3a rpaHb paCnOpl{H; OT.neJIHIOlLleH naHeJJb, B KOTOpoii OlIH Tp
-.
fiYIOTCH no paCtieTY, Ha A.fJHHY, onpeJe,,'IS1eMYIO paClIeTOM J HO He MeHee
flCOOXO,nIlMOH A.fJHllbJ alll{epOBI{H.


92




4)


h 2


...



 :!t;


a


l hI


J


6)


h'2
t i




"->



fOO




N


6)


h 2
f


:t





100


h 1




,

N


PI4C. 71 CxeMa YCTPOHCT"
sa CTbU:OB np0)1onhtlblX
CTep>KtleU
JOHonHTHbiX
KOJIOlltl MHOr09Ta}KHbIX
S,n8H.HH


a - UPH O,lUIH8KOBOM CeqeHIUI
KOJJOtlH BepXHero u lunKHero
9T8 >KeA; 6 - npo Ife3lf8qlt-
Te..1I>1I0M P83J1HqItH B ceqeltu-
JlX KOOl'IOHIi BepXHero It Itu)t(-
Ifero 9T8>KcA; 8 - npu peaKOM
pS3JlU'lHH B CeqelJHAX KOJlOHIt
Bepxnero II IlH}KlferO 9T8>KCft


B MHOr09Ta>KHbIX MOtlOJIHTHblX KOnOHtl3X CTblKH CJIel1YeT YCTpall-
...
BaTh Ha ypOBtle BepX3 nepeKpbITHH C nOMomhlO BblnYCKOB no 8H8noruu
C BhlnYCKaMH U3 <»YH,naMeHTOB (C),f. nn. 3.45; 3.46 lIaCTOHmero PYKO-
BO
CTB3).. npH BhlCOTe STa)Ka Mellee 3.6 M HJIH npu npo;J.onbHofi apMa..
Type d
28 Mft.f CTblKU peKOMeHl1yeTcH YCTP3HB3Tb llepe3 9Ta>K.
BblnYCKH CTep>KHeH 113 KonOHHhI C 60.fJbWHM nonepellHbIft.f celleHHeM
HH>KHerO 9Ta>Ka D KOJIOHHY C MeHhWHM nOnepellHbI)'f CeqeHUeM BepXHero
9Ta>K8 peKOMeH)1yeTcH ocymeCTB.fJHTh B COOTBeTCTBHH C pUC. 71. nplI
9TOM nepeBO,n crep>KHeH H3 Ol1HOrO 9Ta>K3 KOJIOHHbl B JtpyroA ocymecT-
BJIHeTCJI nyreM l-IX OTrHoa C YKJlOHOM He 6oJ1ee J : 6 (puc. 71, a. 6). tJacTb
CTep>KHeii KonOHHhI HU1KHerO 9Ta>K3 M01KeT 6h1Tb )10seJ).eHa J{O Bepxa
nepeKpblTIISI (puc. 71. 6) U He SaBO)1HThCSl B KonOHHY BepXHero 9T8>K8,
eCJIH OHa TaM He HY>KHa no paClleTY. B CJIYllae pe8KOH paSHHltbl B ceqe..


93




I u
HHHX KOJIOHH BepXHerO II HH}l{Hero 3Ta>KeH BblnYCKH CJIe.nyeT yc.rpaH'"
BaTb YCTaHOBI<OH CneUU3.'IbHbIX C.rep>KHeH B KO.'IHqeCTBe, Heo6xO,nHMOM
1I.JIH KOJIOHHbI BepXHerO 31a>Ka (pHC. 71, 8).
f.'IYOHHa 3a,nenl<H (.n
nHHa aHI<epOBKH) paOOqeH npo,nOJIbHOfI apMaTY-
pbI B KonOHHe HH>KHerO 3Ta>Ka ,non>KH3 UbITb He MeHee TpeuyeMoil n. 2.40,
a BenMqHHa Jl3XJleCTI{H CTep>KHeH B CTbIl<e - n. 2.46 HaCTOj1J.ll.ero PYKO'"
BO,nCTBa.
3.68. PacCToHHHe MeX{,ny OCSlMH CTep>KHeH npoJtOJIbHOH apMaTypbI
KO.'IOHH 110..TI>IHO npHHHMaTbCH He 60nee 400 MM.
npH paCCTOHHHH Me>KJI.Y paUOqHMH CTepLKHHMH uo..TIee 400 MM Me>K,ny
HHM" HeOUXo.l(HMO yc'caHaB..TIHBaTb KOHCTPYKTHBHble CTep}I{HH AH3MeT-
pOM He MeHee 12 MM, C 'reM qTo6bl paCCTOHHHH Me>KAY npo.no..TJbHbIMH
CTep}l{H
MH 6b1.'IH He uonee 400 MM.
Pacc:rOSlHHe B CBeTY 1rle:m,ny np0110JIbHbIMH CTep1KHHMH c..TIe.nyeT
Ha3H3tIa'Cb He MeHee 30 MM B C60PHbIX Ko..TIOHHaX, He MeHee 50 MM B
MOIIO..TIH'CHbiX KonOHH8x Ii B 060HX c..TIyqaHX He MeHee ,lJ.HaMeTpa CTep>l{HSI.
3.69. KOHCTpYKI.J.HSJ nOnepetIHOH apMa'fypbl .lI.O..TI}I<Ha ooeC,netIHBBTb
s8Kpen..TIeHHe C>KaTbIX CTep>KHeM OT ux uOKoBoro BblnyqHBaHHH B ..TII06oM
HanpaBJIeHHH.
nOnepeQHBSI apMa.'rypa 110JI>KHa YCTaHaB..TIBBaTbCfl y B
ex nOBepx-
HocTeH RO..TJOHHb1, B6.'IH3H KO'COPblX c'caBBTCSI npo,no..TIbHaH apM8Typa.
A..TIH o6pa30BBHHH npocTpBnc'cBeHHoro KapI<aCa nJIOCI<He cBapHbIe
ceTKH, pacnOJJO>KeHHble y npO'fHBOnOJlO>KHbIX rpaHeii KO..TIOHHbI, .nOJI>KHbI


2 1


JOOl:h
500


1




V,)
'oJ1
oC)
-.JI






600
h f 1000
1


600
h
1000


2


1




():)
'"
rQ

,
t::::;)




1200'h'f500


o


5


PIIC. 72. npHMCpbl apMMpOB3HHH ceqeludi KO..TIOHH C pel{OMeH.nyeMbIM
IlIiCJIOM CTep}l{HeM CBapHbIMlf ceTI<aMlf
1- cnapHaSl ceTK8; 2 - CBapHaS1 ceTK8 "Jill coe,nHHHTeJ1bHbTR CTep>KeHb; 3 - coe-
Jl.ItHHTeJtbHbIA CTep}KeHb (rnnH.nbKa); 4 - XOMy-r; fj - OT,nenbllblC CTep>KIIH "PO-
1.I.OJIbHoit apM8TypbI; 6 - nonepe"IH8st apM8Typa B BRAe cn8pHoA ceTKH


94




6b1Tb COel1JIHeHbI ,npyr C .npyroM nOnepeqHblMH CTep>KtISIMH, npHBapHBa-
eMblMH KOHT8KTHOH TOqellHOH CBapl{OH K yr..TIOBblld npO,lI.OJIbHblM CTepm-
HJlM CeTOK, H..TIH WnHJIbKaMH, CBSl3b1B8101I.J.HMH 9TH CTep>KHH.
Ec.lJH CeTI{JI npOTHBOn0J10>KHbIX rpaHeii I{O..TIOIIHbI HMelOT npOMe}l{Y-
TOllHble npO,lI.OJIbHb1e CTep>KtJH, TO nOCJle.LJ.HHe nO Kp8HHeH Mepe qepea OAHH
H He pe>Ke qeM Qepe3 400 MM no wHpHHe rp8uH 110..TI>KHbI CBSl3bIBaTb
ft
Me>K,lI.y COOOH npH nOMOlllH mGHneK. llInH.lJbKH ,nonYCKaeTCH He CT8BU P fh
npH WHpHtIe ,lI.8HHOH rpaHH KOJIOHtIbl 500 MM If MeHee, ecnH qHC.lJO npo.


! JOO'=h
500 !


r: I. : 3

! 600"h'=800 !


! 600 '= h '= fOOD


f([
 I


ha
1200'h
 1500


hx


I-
}hx"2/J h Q


J


PIIC. 73. npHMepb1 apMHpoBaHHR CeqeHHM I{O..TIOHII C pel{OMeH.nyeM'bIM
QHC.lJOM CTep>KHeH BH3aHblMH l{apKaCa
1H


AO.lJbHblX CTep>KHeM Y STOM rpaHH He npeBblwaeT IleTbIpex. npn 66.lJbUIHX
pa3Mepax nOnepeqHOrO CeqeHlISi KO.lJOtIHbI KpOMe ceTOK, pacnOJIaraeMblX Y
rpatIeM, peROMeU,lI.yeTcH YCTaHaB..TIHB8Tb npOMe>KYTOqHble CBapHb1e ceTKH.
npIfMepbI 8pMupOBaHHSI CeqeHMH KonOHH CBapHblMH CeTI{8MH nOKa.
saHbI Ha pur. 72.
I<OHCTPYKI.J.IfH BH3aHhIX XOl1YTOB I{O..TIOHH lJ,o.n>KtIa 6b1Tb TaKoB8, 'lTO-
(jbl npO,lI.OJIbHb1e CTep}I{HH (no l{p8iiHeii Mepe Qepe3 O,lI.HH) pacno..TIaraJIHCb
B MeCTax neperH6a XOMYTOB, 8 STH neperH6bI - tIa paCCTOHHHD He 60-
nee 400 MM no ll1HpUHe CeqetIHH KOJIOHHbl. TIp" wHpHHe rpaHIf He 6o.nee
400 MM B qHc..TIe npoAo..TIbHb1X CTep>KHeM Y STOM rpaHH He 6oJ1ee qeTbJpeX
D.OnYCKaeTCR OXB8T Bcex np0.l(O.lJbHblX CTep>KHeii O.LJ.HH
f XO
fYTOM.
npUMepbI 8prvlHpOBaHHH CeqeUIfH I{OJIOHtI BH38HOii apM8Typoii IlpH-
Be.aeHb1 H8 pne. 73.
3.70. ,Uu8MeTpbI CTep>KHeM nonepetlHoii apM8Typbl B 38BHCHMOCTH
OT KOUCTPYKUllH apMaTyptIOrO KapKac8 H ,lI.HaMeTpoB npo,no.lJhHbIX cTep-
:mHeii CJIe.nyeT npHHHM8Th He MeHee yK83atlHblX B T86Jl. 24. )lllaMeTp


95




Ta6nHu.a 24
..
KOHCTPYK1l.HH HaUMeHbWHR AonYC}(8eMbl9 AHaMeTp, MM. CT
p>Klle9 nOnepe4HOA
apM8Typbl npll AII8MeTpe npoAOnbllbiX CTCp>KHeR. MM
napKaca
12 16 18 20 22 25 t 28 32 I 36 I 40
---
.
CB3pnoff 3 4 5 5 6 8 8 8 10 10
BR33HbIH 5 5 5 5 6 8 8 8 10 10






V cnOBIiSl pa()OTb1
oonepe'JlloD apMaTYPbl


CsapIlOH KapKac:
npH Ra.c


4000 KfC/CM 2
Bini Ra.e


4500 Jfc/cM 2
BB3ctHbIif KapKac:
np" Ra.c


4000 Krc/cM 2
liP" Ra.c


4500 Krc/cM 2
CnapHofl H BHsa..
lu
i1 t{apKaC npH
J.
30/o
CaapHofi H BR3a-
awn KapKac Ha
Y
lacTKe CTbU(a
npoaonbHOH apMa-
TYP
 BH3xneCTKY
6e:; Caapl(H


Ta6nH
a 25


PeKoMenAyeMwe paccTOSlIIIIH. MM. Me>KA}' CTep>KIlHMH
nonepetUIOn apMC1Typbl Konollll "pn AHaMeTpe npoAonb-
HbiX C>K8ThlX CTep1KHeR. MM


..


12 , 16 I 18 I 20 I 22 I 25 I 28 I 32 I 36 I 40
.


250 300 350 400 450 500 500 500 500 500
150 250 250 300 350 350 400 400 400 400


150 250 250 300 350 350 400 450 500 500
150 200 200 250 250 300 350 400 400 400
100 150 150 200 200 250 250 300 800 300


100 150 150 200 200 250 250 300 350 -


n fJ Ii Me 11 a fI H H: 1. llinHJlbKH A.lJSI coe,lUIHeHHR CBapHblX CeTOK 8
.
8pKac yc.raHaUJIHBaIOTCH C W3rOM, npHHSlTb1M .nnD nOnepeqHblX CTep"
lKHeii ceTOK.
2. DpH BbJqHCJJeHHH npoueHTa apMHpoBaHHSI J.t. Y'lHTbIBaeTCH o6Ulee
lIac
w.eHHe CeqeHIfH K0J10HHbI npo.nOJ1bllOif apM8TypoA.
3. Ecnu Ce1leHUe ap
fHpoBaHo npo)J.OJ1bHbIMH CTep>KHSlMH pa3Horo AHa..
1,1eTpa t TO pacc.rOHHHe Me>K.n.y nOnepeqHOH apMaTypoA Ha3HaQaeTCJl no

iCHbWeMY JI3 HlJX.
4. npH H33HaqeHHH paccToSlHHH Me1KAY CTep)KHHMI
 nonepeqHofi ap..
M8J'ypbl paspernaeTCfl He npHHHMaTb BO BHHMaHHe npOAOJlbHble cTep4
-.
JRtlll).. He YIJHTb1BaeMble p8C1IeTOM, eCJ1H AHaMeTp 9THX CTep>KHeH He
DpeBblwaeT 12 MM It He 6oJ1ee nOJlOBmtbl TOJlU{HHbl 38lItHTHOrO CJ10B
(}e70Ha.


96




nonepeqHoA apMaTypbl Ha3HaqaeTCH no H3116o.nbweMY DJfaMeTpy "PO-
AOJlbHOA apM3'Typbl B CeqeHHH KOJIOHHbJ. _
3.71. PaccToHHHH &le>KAY nonepellHoii apMaTypoH Y Ka>K,aoH rpaliH
J(OJJOHIlbi ,nOJI)KHbI HaSllallaTbCH:
np" Ra.c
4000 KfC/CM¥- He 60Jlee 500 MM II tIe ()oJIee 20d "PH
CBapHhlX KapK8cax H.fJH 15 d npH BSlsaHblX;
npH Ra.c ==4500 Krc/cM! H Ra.c = 5000 Krc/c
12 -- lie 60.fJee 400 MM
II He 60nee 15 d np" CBapHhJX KapK8cax IIJIH 12 d npH BH3aHblX, rD-e d

u u
It8HMeHbllIHH AH8MeTp C>KaTblX np0l(OnbHblX CTep)I{Hea.
B KonOHHax C HaCblllleHHeM npo-
)l.O.'IbHOii 8pM8TypOit 60Jlee 3% no-
nepe'lH8H apMaTyp3 Aon>KHa YCTa.
HaBJIHBaTbCB C warOM He 60nee 10d
H fie oO,,'lee 300 ltfM. XOMYTbI B 9TOM
cnYlae AO.nH<Hbl npitBapHB8TbCSI K
npo
",onbHbIM cTep>KHHM.
B CTblKax npOAOJlbtIoii pa60QeH
apMaTypbI BHax.rlecTKY 6es cBapKIf
Ne3aBHCHMO OT Toro, apMHpyeTcB JIH
K0J10HHa CBapHbIMH HnH BSlsaHbIMH
K3pl<acaMH, peKoMeHAyeTcB npHMe..
HH"rb XOMYTht. PaCC"fOHHl-ui Me1KAY
XOMVT8MH B SOHe CTblKa J10Jl1KHbl
6bITb He 60nee 10 d.
3.Aecb d - AHaMeTp C}KaTblX
npO){OJIbHblX cTep>KtIeD pa6oQeO ap4
MaTypbl (!tteiIbwHH).
PeKoMeHAyeMble paCCTOBtIHR
Me>K.u.y CTep)KIISlMH oonepeqHoA 8p.
M81'YPbI KO
flOHH npOSeD-eHbl B
Ta6ll.25.
3.72. npH KOHCTpyupoBauHH KO"

 .,
nonu C nOnepellHOIi apMaTypoH B
BIfAe COMpanH. yqUTblBaeMoA B pac.. 4 C
PUC. 1. xeMa apMHpOBaHH.R
qeTC KaK I{OCBeHHOe apMHpOBaHHe .,
(paCqeT no HAPY CeqeIlHB), 110JI)f(HhI KonoHtI
 nOnepeQHOH ap
taTY'"
co6
rtJOAaTbcSl cneAYIOU1He ycnOBIIR pOll B Bu.ne CnHpaJIH
(pllC, 74):
aJ clIHpa.fJU B nnaHe AOJl>KHhI OblTb l{pyrJIbJMM;
.0) paccToHHHSI Me.IK.n.y BItTKaMH CnHp8JIIt B OCSlX .nO.fJ}KHbI ObJTb lIe
Mt-Bee 40 MM, He 60JIee 1/5 .AHaMeTpa CeqeHHH fIl1pa KOJIOHHbl t OXBaqeH-
IIHfO CnJfpaJIblO, If He 60llee 100 MM;
B) CnHpaJIIf .lI-O.'I}KHbI OXBaThlBaTb BCIO pa601JYlo npo,nOJIbHYlO apMa-
Typy;
r) ,l(H8MeTp H8BHBI{H cnHpa.nH Du ,JJ.OJI>KeH 6LITb He Menee 200 MM.






t:



t::) 1--.





'JI
 (::)
tI) If::)
'1/



 "'

 f::::t







tI)


JJ R
JJ


AOnOJlHHTeJlbHble YK8saHltJl no KOHCTPYUPOS8HHIO
ABYXBeTBeBblX K0J10HH


3.73. ,QByxaeTBeBble KonOJlHbI peKOMeHAyeTcH KOHCTpYltpOBa#rb C
p
cnopKaMH. P8CCTOHHMH Me>KAY OCSlMH pacnopoK lIe .AOJUKHbI npeB!JI.-
WSPfh (8-12)h B , rAe It D - MellbwHii 'p83Mep nOnepeIJHOrO Ce1JeHHH BeTSR.


7-661


91




PeKOMeH,nyeTcSI npHHH
aTb o,nHHal{OBbJe paCCTORHIUI Me>K,ny OCSlMH pac.
nopOK.
npH HeOUXO
HMOCTU YCTpOMCTBa npoxo,na B ypOBHe nona paCCTOSl-
IIHe OT 'IUCTOrO nOJIa .no HH3a nepBoii Ha,n::JeMHOH pacnopKH ,nOlUKHO 6bJTb
He MeHee 1,8 M.
I-fa HH>KHeM KOHue J1ByxB'eT-
BeBofr I<O..'lOHHbI pacnopKY peKo-
MeH,lJ.yeTcH YCTpauBa-cb HH.>Ke
ypOBHR nona. npH Ha3Ha1JeHHH
npHBSl31{H 9TOM pacnopKU tleo6..
XOAUMO yq"T
BaTb y
'OBHB
YHH<}>IIKau:U" <}>OPM, TpaHcnop-CH-
pOBKH " MOHT8>Ka KO..TIOtlH. Pe-
I{OMeH,nyeTcSI IIU>KHHe rpaHU pac-
nopKU H BeTBe" COBMemaTb.
BblCO"fY CeqeHHH pacnopKH
pel{OMeHJ1yeTcR npHHHMaTb paB-
HOH:
a) pSIJI.OBOM - (1-2)h n ;
6) BepXtIeM (B MeCTe nepe-
xOJJ.a C JJ.BYX BeTBeH Ha OAHY) -
tIe MeHee y,nBoeHHOM BbiCOTb( ce-
'IeHUR pRnOBOH pacnopKH;
B) tlH}I{He.ff (pacnonaraeMOH
B npe.ne..TIax CTaK8Ha <}>YH.L1.aMeH-
Ta) - He MeHee 200 MM.
IIInpMHY Ce'leHHB pacnopOK
"
cne.u.yeT npHHMM8Tb paBHon Illn..
pUHe BeTBH.
3.74. npO.l1onbHaH apMaTypa
pacnopoK, ecJIH o6e BeTBH Ko-
JlOHHbl C>K8Tbl, npHHMMaeTcH CMM-
MeTpH'IHoH. ECJIH no pac1JeTY o,n-
--
Ha HS BefDeH pacTHHyra, apMu-
!,oB8HHe npHHHMaeTcH HecHMMeT-
pH'IIIblM. npO.ll.MbHble C"fep>KHn
pacnopoK JJ.OJI>KHbI 6b1Tb saaHKe-
peHbI B 6eTOHe Be-caeA' B COOTBeT-
CTBHM C nn. 2.40 HnH 2.41 Hac-co-
HllIaerO PYKOBo.n.CTBa. ,l{onYCKBer-
CSI aHKepODKY Bb1nOlJtIJlTb no
pHC. 26.
3.75. B ysnax COnpH>KeHHH
.,
pH,lI.OBOM pacnopKH C BeTBHMH
(pHC. 75)
J)e}J.yeT YCTaH<tMH-
BaTb ,lI.OnOnHMTenbHYlo apM8TYPY
B BH,ne CB8pHblX ceTOK H.lJH XOMY"
TOB B CO'le1 atl"H C KOpOTKMMH
Bep-cHKa..TIbHblMH CTep>KHHMH'. Ctvr...
KH YCTaHaBnnB3JOTcH B nJIOCKO:'
C-CHX nonepetJHoH Bep"fHKanLHoH
apMa-rypbl KapKaca pacnopKH.
nOnepe'lHble c.cep>KIIH KapKa-
--
COB BeTBeH B npeD.e.n8:X p
cnopKH
,nOJI>KHbI coxpaHHTbCfl. EcnH OHH


a) Lan
t


J!


1-1


J


2
oj f lQH i


II


.& ;c-2
If
A'f

I
V
/
/ ..:>
:;..-
,.
-A lr
' _v -


1


21-


J:?


'2 lj


2 2


R
6


PHC. 75. KOHCTpYHpOBaHHe conpH-
>KeHHH npOMe}l{YTOtJHOH pacnopKH
C Be-rBbIO ,JJ.B YXBeTBeBOH I{O.lJOHHbI
a - apMHpOB8Hlle cnapHblMH Kapn8c8MII;
6 -- TO )J{e, DB3aHott apM8TypoA; 1 - ap-
M8Typa paCnOpl<H; 2 - apM8Typa BeTBH;
3 - AOnOJIIUITeJIbllble CDapHbJe CeTI<lt; 4-
,nODOJIIJHTeJJhHble XOMYThl; 5 - .nonOJIHH-
reJlbin
e nonepe'JJlble CTep>KHH (wnHnbKH)


98




McwalOT YCT8HOBKe apMa-rypbl p8CnOpKH, HX CJleAYeT BbIpe3aTh H SaTeM
SaMeHBTb wnH.'1bKaMM.
3.76. BepxHSlH pacnopl<a apMHpyercH (pMC. 76) p36o
leA npoJJ.onhHoA:
apM8TypOH, pacnOnaI'aeMOH no BepxHeA U HH>KHeA rp3HRM pacnopKH, a
TaK>Ke oTfM6aMH, ropH30H.ca.lJbHOH M BepTHI<a.lJbHOH nonepeqHoA apMaTY"
pOH (cTep}l{HH H,,'lM XOMYTbI).


1


J


A
/

., 6
A "A
.. .. - "
.I

 "- I. / 1


 , ,
 ,


 /
 !


.. , /.  ; 'II /
 "'II
""...10 .....-

 /
 I , If " ..t:
.1\ '" ./
: I t. a



 / " . 11





 / W
/
 "- 'I

 6 'V 6 ,
5
 /

 2 · 1
-:
.
.
.
j r
C2


PRC. 76. KOHCTpYUpoB8HHe COnpSl}KeHIUI BepxHeH pacnopKH C oeTBLIO
Kp8HOBOH
ByxBe-rBeBoH KO
OHH
 cpeJJ.Hero pSlJJ.a
I - apM8Typa HaJl.Kp8HoBOA seTBH; 2 - 8pM8Typ8 nOAKp8HOBOA BeTBH: 3 - DepT..
KallbH8H apN8Typa p8cnopKH (war He 60Jlee 200 MM); 4 - ropl1301lTa.nbHast apMa"
TYpa p8cnopKH; 5 - oTI"n6bl pacnopKH; 6 - OTflt()bl nOKpaHoBoA KOJICOJIIf; 1 - CeT.
KII KocBeHHoA apM8TYPbl


IHar ropH30HTBJlbflbIX nOnepeqHblX CTepJK
eH H.lJH XOMYTOB B Bepx-
ileA pacnopl<e CJie
yeT fTpMHHMa-rb He 6oJ1ee 150 MM H He 60nee 1/. ee BbI

COTIIl, 8 war BepTHK8.lJbHblX CTep}KHei.t H.'111 XOMYTOB - He 60.lJee 200 MM.
CYMM8PH3H n.lJow.a.Ab ropH30HT8JIbHblX XOMY'COB ,nO.lJ>KHa 6b1Tb He Mellee
O,OOIl1h o , rAe ho - pa60tJaSl BbICOT8 CeQeHHlI p8cnopKH, a b - WHpuua
CetleHHB p8cnopKH. O-rfH6b1 B pacnopl<e ,lI.O.lJ>KHbI nepeceKaTb HH>KHIOIO
nOJlOBHHY H3KJIOHHOH nHHHH AB, HAyw.eii OT yrJla npHMblI<aHHSI Ha,aKonOH-
HHK8 K BHYTpeHHeMY yrJIY npMMblK8HRSI Be-rBH. CeqeHMe OTfH6oB, ne
e..
CeK81OIl.tlX HH}KHIOIO nonOBMHY JIHHHH, llO.lJ>KtlO 6b1Tb He MeHee O,002bho.
O"frH6
 MorYT He npeJJ.YCMaTpHBa-rbCSJ) eCJIR OHR He HY>KHbI no pacqe'ry..
3.77. npH YCTpoHcTBe npoeMa B HaJJ.KpaHoBoH Q8CTH KonOHHN ero
u

neAyeT OK8HMnSl"fb cBepxy H CHH3Y ropH30H-r8.lJbHbIMH CTep1KHHMH, nno..
w..aAb CeqeHHSI KO"fOpbIX onpeJJ.eJIReTCSI paCqeToM. ,QHaMeTp 3THX CTepJK-
H
A AO..'1)KeH OhlTb He MeHee 16 MM.


KOHCOJ1H KOJlOHH
3.78. KQHCOJJH B KonOHHax YCTpaHB810T C nenblO C03A8HHR Heo6xo-
It
ARMon n.1J01l(a.AKH AJISI onHpaHHSI pa3JIUQHblX npHMbIK810ntHX K KOJlOHHe


7.


9t




Ha pa3HblX ypOBHSlX KOHCTPYKIU-di «(j>epM, nOAKpallOBblX 6aJIol{, pHrCJIeM,
npOiOHOB II np.). '
1(0HconH MOrYT OblTb O,llHOCTOpOtIHHe R ABYCTOpOtlHlie. nOCJIe.Aliue
C
'Ie,l(yeT YCTpaHBaTb B O,l(HOH n.rJOCKOCTH, oc06eHHO B C60PHbIX KonOHHUX.
B CJlYlIae eCJIU I{OHCOJIH tJa K0J10HHe HeooXOAHMO paCnOnO>KHTb B nepneH-
l1RKYJlSJpHb I X nJlOCI{OCT}IX H
fJH ecJlH KOHCOJ1b HY>KHa AnJl onHpaHHH 9,,1e..
MeHTQB) nepe,l(alOlI.JJ!X HeOOJJbmylO MeCTHYIO Hal'pYSKY (OT pa60 t lIlX n4l10-


oJ


b)


r---
I
I
I


a


lH "50






PHC. 77. KopoTKHe KOHCMH KonOHHbI
IJ - npJlMoyroJlhH8J1 KOIICOJlb; 6 - KOHCOJJb C BYTOM


1l8J1.0K, JleCTHHl1 H 'f. n.), TO TaKtie I{OHCOJIH peKOMeH.nYeTCfl KOHCTPYU-
pOBaTb B BHD.e CTaJ1bHbIX CTonUKOB, npeJl.YCMaTpRBaB 8 KOJIOl1tJe COOT-
neTCTByJOlltHe aaKJIaJl.Hble J1.eTanH AnSI HX KpenJleHHSI..
npn BblJleTe 100-150 MM KOHconb MO)KeT He HMeTb BYTa H KOHCT-
PYHpOBaTbCJI npJlMoyronbHoH (pHC. 77, a). npH BblneTe (joJIee 150 MM
kOHCOJIb AOJI>KHa HMerb BYT C yrnoM HaKJlOHa a
 npHHHMaeMbJAt, KaK
np8BHJ10, BeJlHlIHHOH 45° (pHC. 77,6).
IlInpHHa KOHconH ,lI.OJ1>KHa ObITb paBHon WHplUfe K0J10HflbI. HCI{.rllO-
1Jcooe MorYT COCTaBJlflTb KOHCOJ1U, YCTpaHBaeMbie B WlfpOKHX nO,!KonOH-
HHKax ,nJtB ODHpaHHSI cjJYH.naMeHTtJbIX 6a
fJOK. 8blCOTa KOHCO
TJH " ee ap..
MaTypa Ha3HaQaJOTCB no paC'IeTY. ROHconH apMHpYIOTCB nOnepeqHOM H
npo.n.OJ1bHOA apMaTypoit
3.79. nOnepeqHaH apMa-rypa KOpOTKHX KOHCOJlen npH cBapHblx H 811-
saHblX KapKacax ROJIOHH KOHCTpYHpyeTcfI CJ1eJl.YIOIUHM 06pa30M
(puc. 78):
npH h
2,5a - B BH,ne HaKJlOHHblX XOMYTOB no Bceii BblCOTe Ion..
conH (puc. 78, a);
npH h>2,5a - B BHD.e OTorHYTblx c-rep>KHeH It ropHsoHTa
fJbBblX
xOMy-rOB no Bcen BblCOTe ({OHCOnR (pRC. 78, 6) ;
npH h>3,5a H Q
Rpbho- B BH,ne rOpR30t1TaJ1bHblX XOMYTOB 6e3
...
010rHYTblX crep>KHeH, KOTopble B 3TOM cnyqae ,nonYCKaercSi. He npeJIY-
CMaTpHBa-rb; SJl.eCb ho npHHUMaeTCJI B onopHoM CeqeHHH KOHCOJ1eH.
80 BCex cnyqafIX mar XOMYTOB 1l0n>KeH 6blTb He (jonee h/4 H He 60-
nee 150 MM; .lJ.HaMeTp OTortJYTblX c-rep>KHeii J1.0n)KeH (jblTb He 60nee 1/15
,nJJHHbI OTfH(ja 'OTr H He oOJlee 25 MM. npH 9TOM CYMMapHaH nnOll{aJl.b ce-
lJeHHB HaKnOHHblX XOMYTOB (CM. pRC. 78, a) H OTorHYTblx CTep>KHeii (CM.


100




puc. 78,6), nepeceKalolllHx BepXHIOIO no,fIOBIlHY JUII-IHII .nJUIUOH I, COe,iJ.H-
t!SIlOllleA TOIJKH OpHJIo>KetJHB CHnbl Q II cOnp1l>KeHHS1 IIU}KHeH rpauli KOH"
conH c rpaHblO KO.7JOHHbI, .nOJI>KHa 6b1Tb He MeHee O,OO2bh o .
nOnepeqHYro apMaTYPY KOHconeA pel<oMeu,llyeTcR KoncTpyHpoBaTh
B BH
e CsapHblX ceTOK C H3KJlOHHbIMH UJIH roplt30H'f3JlbHblMlt nonepetJuhI"
YH CTep)KHHMlI, ecJJH 'IRCJlO 0
IfU3KOBbIX I(Oflco.'lei-i .aOC'faTOllttO BeJlHKO H
apM
!iypa KOJIOHH cBapHaSl.


8)


I r 5


I.J


PUC. 78. CxeMB apMllpOBanltR
KOpOTKHX KOHCOJlen
a - H8KJlOHHL1MD XOMYT8MIt; 6 - OTO.
rlfYTLlMH cTep>KHSlMIt H rOpH301lT811h"
IlblMH xOMYTaMlf; II - ropH30UT8JIbllbi.
MH XOMYTaMH; 1 - 1<8pKaC KO.nOHHbI;
2 - l1PoAOJILliaH pa6o'Jaft apM8Typa
KOlfCOJlH: 3 - n8KJIOnHLfe XOMYTbI; 4--
ol'rH6L1; 5.... ropH30uT8.lJbUble XOMYTbI


3.80. OTrll6bI B KOp01'IUJX lonconBX peKOMeHD.yeTcR n3npaa,1BTb "3
HH>KHerO yr Jla KOHco.,rreH 0 npOTHBOnOJl01KHblii BepXHHI1 yrOJI. npH 60nb-
IIJOM BblJleTe IiJlH npH 60JlblllOii BbICOTe KOllCOnll ,nOnYCKae'fCB Ae.,'laTb
01TH6bJ COOTBeTCTBeHHO nOJ( yrJloM 30 HJlH 60° HnH p33Mew.3Tb oTru(5.bI
B ,l1BYX DJlOCKOCTHX, pacnOJlaraH l(a)K,nYIO nJlOCKOCTb no.n yrnoM 45°.
npH OOnbllIOM QHCJle npHMblx H oTorHYTbIx CTep)KHeH BepxlIHe H
I-!HJKHHe yqaCTKH OTrHcaeMblX C"fep>KHeH ,lJ.onYCKaeTCSI pa3MeIll-aTb BO BTO'"
pOM pSlJJ.Y.
3.81. KOHUbi npo,u.OJlbilOH apMaTypbl pacTHH}'"fOH 30Jlbl O)J.HOCTOpOU"
ileA KOHCOJIU. pacnOnO}KeHHOH B npe.u.eJl3X BblCOTbI KOJIOtJHbI. .l(OJl>KHbI
6b1Th 3aBe,neHbl sa rpaHb K0J10HllbI H8 Be,TIHtIHHY lalh npuHHMaeMYro no
n. 2.40 I-IBCTOBlllero PYJ{OBo,nC"fBa. H B Jl1060M cJlYtIae .nOJl>KUbl (5blTb )10-
13e,neHb1 )10 npoTIfBOnOJlO>KItOH rpa HH KOJlOHtJbI (pMC. 79).
Y cBo60JJ.Horo KOHna KOHCOJIH TaK>Ke He06xo.nHMO npeAycMa'rpHBaTb
aHKepoBKY npOAOJlbHOH apMaTypbI n cJJyqaSlx. eCJlJI paccToSlHHe la OT
neHTpa npn.7JO>KeHHSI rpysa Q
o KpaJl npSlMoro CTep>KIISI MeHbW.e:
15d - npH 6eTOHe npoeKTHoii MapKH HlUKe M300; 10d - np" 6eTOHe
npoeKTHoH MapKU M300 H BbIwe.
AHKepoBKY SJJ.eCb BbIn<H1HBIOT npHBapKoH walic lIJUI yroJlKoB K 9'fQH
apM8Type no pRC. 79, 8. z. KOHCTpYKJ.(HSI aHKepOB JJ.0J]}KH8 y,nOBn
'rBopHTL
1'pe60B8HHSlM n. 2.41, 6 HaC1'O.Rl11ero PYKoBo,nCTBa. nOC"f8HOBKa 8HKepoB


to 1




Heo6fls8TenbH8 B KOHCOJlSIX, Ha KO"fOpbIe onHpalO"fCSI c60pHble ()anKH,
HAYI.U.He BAO.lJb BbI.lJeTa I{OHCO
TIH, eCJIH CTbIKM 9THX 6aJIOI{ t18Ae>KHO saMO-
HOnMqeHM M BepXHSIH apM3Typa B 6anK3X npe
YCMO"fpet1a KaK B paMe


a)


6)


6)


laH


1


Q


.l"


2.










2)


5


PHC. 79. AHKepOBKa npo-
)J.OJlbHOD pa6oQei1 3pMaTypbI
KOpOTKHX KOHconeH
at 6 - 6e3 AOnOJlHllTenb!JoA au"
KepOBKH Y cBo6oAHoro KORU8 KOll"
COJlH; 8, e - C llODOJlHHTeJlbHOA
8HKepOBKoA y cBo6oAHoro KOUU8
KOHCOJIU; 1 - npoJJ.OJJbHaJi pa6o..
q8ft ap.M8TYpa; 2 - CT8J1bH8sr DJIa...
CTIUla; 3 - cBafK8 BT8Bp; 4 - llY"
J'OB8J1 CBapJta; 5 - cT8nbHoA yrg

nOli


11
3


LI(


PUC. 80. npBMoyrOJlbHaR KO.
pOTK8 SI KOHCOJlb C >KeeTKOit
apMaTypoft


C )KeCTKHMH Y3JI8MH, a HH)Kt1flH apMaTypa 6aJ10K npMBapeH8 lJepes 3a.
I!Jla)J.Hb1e AeT8
TIH K apMaType I{OHco.lJeH.
3.82. XOMYTbT pOM6HQeCKOrO otlepTaHIfSl H WnlfJlbKH nonepellHoii ap-
NaTypbl KO.fJOHHbI B npeAenax KOHCOJ1H He npeJ(YCMaTpHBaloT.
3.83. TIpH OrpaHHqeHHOii BblCOTe KOHCOJIH AonycKaeTCJ1 npHMeHeHHe
1HeCTKoit apMaTYpbl no pHC. 80.


102




3.84. llpH Heo6xoJ1HMOCTH no paCqeTY DO,n onopHhIMH S8KJIa
HIJIMH
AeT8nHMH nO
Kp8HOBOH KOHCOn" cne
yeT npeAycM8TPUB8Tb ceTKH KOC-
BeHHoro apMHpoBaHuSI, KOTopble AOJUKHbI KOHCTPYHPOB8TbCH cornaCHO
D. 3.53 HaCTO.flmerO PYKOBo,ncTBa.


Oco6eHHOCTH KOHCTpyupOBaHHH KonOHH
COOpHblX >KeJ1e300eTOHHblx KapKaCOB
3.85. KonOHHbI C60PHbIX KapK8coB cJ1eJ1yer KOHCTPY"POB8Tb JlJlHHOA,
o6eCneQHn81OI11eH y,nOOCTBO H3rOT08J)eHHH, TpaHcnopTHpoBKH H MOHTa..
JK8. B cnyqae Heooxo
BMOCTH KOHC.rpY"POB8HHSI BblCOKHX KonOHH npH


a)


0)


1


2


1


J


1-1


2-2


1


1


1


"


PRC. 81. )KecTKHii CTIJIK c6opl-lblx I<OJIOHH C BaHHoA cBapKoH 8pM3T}'P"
HblX BbInYCKOB
(J - BINI qeThlpex yrnoBblx 8pMaTypHhlx BhlnYCK8X; 6 - npH apU8TYPHblX Bbla,c..
Kax, p.acnOnO>KeHHhlX 110 l1epHMeTPY CeqeHHH; I - apM8TypHbie BblnYCKU; 2 - 6e1'QlC
aaMOHOJIUQHB8HBJI B nop,pesK8x; 3 -l.enTpHpYIO
8ft npOKJl8AKa; 4 - ceTKH KOC"
BeHHoro apMupOBaUHft; 5 - BaHllaH cBapK8


OTCYTCTBHH COOTBeTCTBYloU{ero nO
DeMHO-Tp8HcnopTHorO o6opYAOBaHH

AOnYCKaeTCSI BblDOJ1HS1Tb ox H3 ABYX 3
lJeMeHTOB C MOHTaJKHhIM CTblKOM.
3.86. )l(ecTKHe CTblKH C60PHblX KOJJOHH peKoMeHJ1YeTCH BblnOJIHJlTb
IIYTeM BaHHO" CBapKH BblnycKoB npoAonbHoA apM8TypbI, pacnOnOJKeHHblK
B cneu.uanbHblX n0J1pe3KaX C nOCJleJJ-YIOI11RM 38MOHOJltlqHB8HHeM 9TUX
nOApe30K.
B TaKHX CTblKax Me>K,n:y TOpnaMH cThll<yeMblx KonOHH .nOJUKH8
...
npe,aYCM8TpHBaTbCH neHTpupYIolllaJl npOKJI8.llKa B BHJ1e C"faJlbHOH DJla..
C1HHKH, aa811KepeHHoH B 6e"fOHe UJIB npHBapeHHoA Ita MOHTa>Ke K p8cnpe-
AenHTenblloMY .nHCTY aaKJla,AHOii .neTaJ1H (pRC. 81). P8sMepbl u.eHTpll-


103




PYlOllleH npO({,n3J1KH npHHHMalOTCH He 6o.'1ee I/s COOTBeTCTBYIOw.ero pa3"
Mepa CeqeHHH KO.J10HHbI.

opMa H pa3MepbI nO,
pe30K onpe.neJIHIOTCH KOJ1HQeCTBOM CTbJI(Y'"
eMblX CTep>KHeit CYMM3PH3S1 BbICOTa no,npeSOK npHHHMaeTCH IJe MeHee
300 MM H He MeHee IOd. I',l(e d - 60JlbWMH .nH3MeTp BhInycI{OB.
3.87. lia KOHI.(eBbIX qaCTHX cTblKyeMbIx COOpHbIX Ko,nOHH ,llOJl>KH3
YCTaHaB
'1HBaThCfl KOCBeHH3H apMaTypa B COOTBeTCTBliH C nn. 3.53 UJIH
3.72 HaCTOHlllero PYKOBO,l(cTBa.
K09<P<P U l{HeHT HaCbIIl{eHHH KOCBeHHOU apMaTYPou
t
 (CM. n. 2.41a)
npHHHM3eTCfl He MeHee 0,0125.
npH He06}{oAH
10C"fH cBapHbIMH ceT-
KaMH MO>KeT apMHpoBaTbcfl H oeToH 3a-
MOHonHIlHB3HHfl B 30He no
pe30K (pH

BI, 6). 3
ecb peKoMeH
yeTcfl TalOKe YCTa..
H3BnHB3Tb S3MKHYTble XOMYf
, orH6aw-
lllHe apM3TypHb1e BblnycKH. MapK3 6eTo-
li3 saMOHO,,'IHIlHB3HHfl npHHHMaeTCH He Me...
Hee M300.
3.88. OOHpaHHe COOpHbIX KOJIOHH Ha
4>YH
aMeHT peKoMeHAyeTcH KOHCTPYHPO-
B3Tb C saweMneHHeM nyreM yCTaIIOBI<B
KOJJOHHbI B CTBK3H cj>yu.n3MeHT3 C nOCJIe..

YIOII{HM sa MOIJOnHIlHB3HHeM. He06xo
H-
Mble YCJI0BHB Sa,l(eJiKH KO,,'IOllllb1 B CT31<a-
He npHBe,l(eHb1 B n. 3.31 HaCfORlItero Py-
KOBo
crBa.
3.89. 8 ,ZJ;ByxBeTBeBb1X Ct)0PHblX KOJIOH-


H3X B cnYQ3e, ecnH O,UHa H3 BeTBelf pa..
CTflHYT3, ,Lf.On>KHa 6bITb ooecnelleHa npoll'"
HOCTb no KOHTaKTY 6eTOHa S3MOHOJIHQHBa-
IIIfH co CTaKaHOM <}>YH.n3MeHPr3 H C KonoHHoM. npH Heo()xoAHMOCTH no
paCqeTY (AJIB YBeJIHIJeHHfl n
'10l1.la,nH KOHT3KTa) no 60JIbWHM cTopoHaM
Ce'leHHB BeTBeli YCTP3HB310TCB wnOHKH (pHC. 82).
PasMepbl IlInOHOK H HX KMHqeCTBO onpeJJ.enBloTcB paclleToM. npJl
9TOM rny6HHa WnOHI{H l)m
OJ1)KHa 6b1Tb He 60nee TOJIII{HHbl 3aIl{HTHOrO
CJ[OH 6eTOH8 H npHHHMaeTcfl 06b1QHO 20-25 MM. AnuHa IlInOHKtI paBua
60JlbweA CTopOHe celleHHH BeTBH, 3 Bb1COT3 ee .nOJ))KHa 6blTb He OOJIee
100 MM. BepXHflfl wnOHK3
0J)>KH3 paCnOJlar3TbCH He t)nHLKe 200 MJ.i OT
8epxa CTaKaH3 4>YHA3MeHT3. ,nJlH y,n06C7B3 p3cnany6J1HB3HHfl KO.:10HH
wnOHKH
On>KHb1 HMeTb CKOCbI.
3.90. H3 C60plJblX KonOHtJ3X cne,ZJ;yeT npe
ycMaTpHB3Tb HaHeceliHe
pHCOK, KO'fOphIe .nOJI>KHb1 COOTBeTCTBOBa"fb npHBSl3Ke KOJIOHHbI K UHcppO-
EhIM H 6YKBeHHblM p3S0HBOIJHbJM OCHM 3,l(3HHH, a Tal<>Ke K OCHM no,nRp3-
HOBblX 6a,,'10K.
B KonOHHax cnnOUIHoro celleHHfl pHCKH HaHOCHTCfl B ypoBHe Bepxa
CT3KaH3 4>YH
aMeHT3, B ypoBHe Bepx3 KOJIOIIHbI H nO
Kp3HOBOH KOHconH.
B J1ByxBeTBeBblx KonOUHax pHCKH 0YKBeHHblx (npo
onbHblx) pa3-
6HBOllHbIX oceA H3HOCHTCfl H3 nepBoM, CqMTaH OT Bepx3 <}>YH
aMeHTat pac-
nopKe.
PHcKa npe.ncT3BnfleT co60A KaHaBI<Y Tpeyro
bHoro CeqeHHR fnyon-
Iloll 5 MM unH noJiocI<Y, H3HeceHHYl0 KpacKoM t C npOqepqeHHOU IJ8 HeM
OCbIO. JJ1HHa pHCKH 100 MM.


I


2.


PHC. 82. ,neT3nb conpfl.
meHHH C60PHOU KonOHHbI
c 6eTOHOM 3aMOHORUQHB3-
HfiR CTaKaHa 4>YH
3MeHTa
J - Cf50PIJ8B ICOJIOIUI8: 2 - f5e.
TON S8MOIJOAHQHB8IJHH


104




5AJ1 KH


3.9 J. BaJIKOH (pe6poM, nporoHoM) H
3b1BaeTCB
'1HHeHI!I)IM
 I<a.!< opa-
BHJIO, H3ru6aeMblH 3JIeMeHT, npHMeHHeMbIlI B KOHCTPYKII.HHX 3,na II IIlI 11 co..
opY1KeHHA OT,l(e
lJbHO' HJUI B COCTaBe nepeKpbITHH, nO,l(nopHbIx CTeH, <Pyu,lJ.a..
MeHTOB H ,l(pyrllx KOllcrPYI(lu,dt BaJIKH MorYT onupaTbcB CBOOO.nHO lflUf
C SaJl(eM
TIeHHeM Ha ,D.Be HnIl He-
CKOJIbI<O onop. B CDH3H C STHM
no llH<:'lJY nponeToB H Xapa){Tepy
onlIpaHHH p33J1I1llaIOT OaJlKu:
a) oJ(HonpOJleTHbJe, cBo6oJ(-
HO JIe1KallllIe;
0) O,l(HonpOJleTHble, 33mefvl.
neHH
e Ha O,l(HOO URH Ha o6eHx
onopax;
B) MHoronpo..,eTllble }]epas-
pe3}]b1e;
r) KOHCO,,'1bHble.
no cnocooy HsrOTOBneHUlI
>KeJIeSOOeTOHHble 6anl,H MorYT
ObITb C60PHbI!-IH (t MOHonIlTHbIMH.
no (fJopMaft.f nonepell Horo
CeqeHIUI OaJIKH, l{aK npaBHno,
MOryr 6b1Th npsMoyrO,,'lbHbIe,
TaBpOBbIe (c nonKOH cBepxy OnIt
CHHSY) H J(ByraBpOBble. PeKO-
MeH.nyeTcB MOHonHTH
e oanKH
KOHCTPYHPOB8Th npflMoyronbHo-
ro nonepellHoro cetJeHHJI. a
c60pHbIe - TaBpOBoro HnH .nBY-
TaBpOBoro. npHMe'b1 KOHCTPYK"
UHa COOpHUX oanOK npHBe
eHY
Ha pRC. 83.
PasMepbl nonepellIblX ceqe-
Huli 6aJ10K HaSHa'I.BIOTCB B co.
OTBeTCTBIiH c n. 3.1 HaCTOSllltero
PYKoBo.ncrBa. PeKoMeHJ(yeTcB
p
3MepbI npBMoyro
'hHbIX celJe-
Hldi npHHHM8Tb no Taon. 26.
3.92. MHHHMaJIbHaH Tonl11H-
Ha Sall{HTHorO CJIOfl oeToH8 J(nll
apMa.rYPbl oanoK, HaxOABmHXCjJ PHC. 83. npliMepbl KOHCTPYKlI-HU
B OObIllH
X YCJIOBHflX sKcnnya- C60PHblX }{{e
TIeso()eTOIlHb1X 6aJlOK
TaUH" (OTCYTCTBHe arpeCCHBHblX
B03.aeiicTBHA), J(oniKHa YJ(OB
lJeT.
BOpH"fb TpeOOBaHHHM nn. 3.3; 3.4; 3.5 H 3.6 H npHHHMaTbCB no Taon. 27
HacroHll{ero PYKOBoJ(cTBa..
KOHI.lbl npOJ(OJlbHbIX paooqux crep>KHeH apM
TYPbl, He npHBapllBa-
eMbIX K aHKepYlOlltHM .neTaJ1HM, .nOJ1>KHb1 OTCTOBTb OT TOpIa OaJIKIf n.a
paCCTOBHHII He MeHee:
10 MM -
J'.ft COOpHLIX 6anoK .nnHHoM .no 9 M BKJUOIJHTeJIbHO;
15 MM - AJIH MOHOJIHTHbiX 6anOK .nnlfHoH .no 6 M BI<JlIOqHTeJIbHO nplf
AHaMe.rpe CTep1KHeH apMaTypbl .no 40 MM BKJlIOQlrre..TIbHO;
20 MM - J(JIH MOHOnH"fHblX oanoK AJIHIIOH 60Jlee 6 M npH AuaMe.rpe
CTep)l{HeH apMaTypbI .no 40 MM BKJllOllHTeJIbHO.


I
!


L


1 03
i


!


1 113
OJ 1(3
1
IC)OO
 g 3
l l 1


1


10
1


I


r+
l


,l


+j 53
I
.......


[ +
!

_D


+ + + + + + +l B3
!
..

 Lf-1
1



l


l


105




TatJJlHl(a 26


1 BbICOTa CeljCllIUJ 6aJ1KU. MM
[UH pMH8 ce'JeHHSJ
(SanK", MM 300 I 400 I 500 I 6()0 , 700  800 1100
 1200 1 A8Jlee KpaTHo ;r



150 + +
200 + + +
300 + + +
400 + + +
500 + +

a
lJee I{paTHO + +
100


n p H M e '1 a II H e. 3H8KOM «+» 0603HaQeHbI peKOMetJ,lI.yeMble Ce(leHHSI
6aJIoK.


Ta6nHua 27


XapaKTepHCTHK8
8JJKH


TOIlI1IJHB ga
HTIJOro CJlOSI 6eT01J8 AJiSI aptdBTypbl
68JJOK Do. MY


AJlJI npO):tOJJbIlO
 apMaTYPbl AJJ
 nonepe'lHoA apMa,.
AII8MeT))OM d. TYp&l AlJaMeTpoM d



C60pHble H MOHOnHTHble
BbICOTOH nonepetll1oro ce-
qeHBH MetJee 250 MM
C60pHbIe H MOHOnHTHbJe
BbiCOTOH nOnepeqHOrO
CCqeHHH 250 MM H 6oJ1ee:
83 6eTOUa npoeKTHOH
MapKH MeSee
250
83 6eTOH8 npoeKTHoA
MapKIt M250 Ii 60nee
MOHOJIHTHbie cI>YHJl8-
MeHTHbIe 6aJIKH
C60pH
e
YHAaMeHTH
e
6aJlKH H3 oeTOHa MapKH
M250 H t50Jlee


15
a6
di


a6
 10


20<
tJ
dt a6> 15
20<:a6:.>d l -5 a6
 15
3O<a6
dl a6:> 15
30
a6:>dl-5 a6> 15


3.93. BanKH apMHPYIOT npo.no
J)bHOii H nOnepeQHOH apM8TYPoR', a
npH BSlsaHblX KapKacax. KpoMe Toro, H OTOfHYTolt
n
J)olUaJl.b Ce'1eHHSI pa60IJeli a pMa.cYPbI 6anoK onpe.neJISleTcSI paCqeTOM
H AOJUKHa y J1.0BJleTBOpHTb TpeC50BaHHSlM n. 3.8 HaCTOH1I.lero PYKOBO,ACTQao:,
3.94. ,nJJSI npOAOJIhHOH pa6otIeii. B.H3aHOH apM8TYPbl 6a
lJOK BblcoTofr
CeqeHHH 400 MM H 6oJ1ee peKOMeH,lI.yeTcSI npHMeHSlTb CTep1KHH J1.H8MCTpOM
He MeHee 12 M:a:l. .QJIJI npoJJ.OJIbHOii apMaTypbI, YCT8HaBnHBaeMOH no KOH"
C1'PYKTHBHblM co06pa>KeHHHM, a TaK>Ke ,lJ.JlH npOJl.OJIbHblX MOHTa>KllbIX
CTep1KHeH cBapHblx KapKacoB C60pH
X 6aJIOK AonycKaeTCH npUMeHRTh
CTep1KHH H MeHbWHX AHaMeTpoB.


106




npO,lJ.OJ1bHYIO pa60QYlo apM3TYPY pel<OMeH,lI.yeTcSI H33H3 1 1BTh H3 CTep>K-
H
U 0,lI.MH3KOBOrO ,lJ.H3MeTp3.. ECJIH 1Ke npHMeHJlIOTCfl CTep>KHH p33HblX
,nH3MeTpOB (KOJIHtJeCTBO KOTOpbIX peKOMeHJI.yeTcfl He 60JIee ,nBYX) ,
CTCp>KHH 60
ijblllerO ,lI.HaMeTp3
lJe,lJ.yeT p33Mern3Tb B nepBOM pSlJI.Y, 8 yr-
J1?,X CeqeHHSI H npn BJ133HbIX I<apI{aC3X -. B MeCTax neperu6a XOMYTOB.
CTep1KHH npO,AOJIbHOH pa60qeH apM3Typbl .nOJI1KHbI p33Mell{3TLCJl
p8BHOMepno no lllMpHHe CeIJeHUH 63
ijKH HJIH pe6pa M, 1<3K npaBlI
ijO, He
OOJJee qeM B TPH Pfl'J].3.. npll 3TOM 8 TpeTbeM pH,lJ.Y ,non1KHO 6b1Tb He fl..leHee
a)


He M
H
e d u
He MeHee 20


"-


'tj

e MeH
e d u
He MeHee 25


t::


a

/
HeMeHee 2d u
He MeHee "0
He MeHee d u
He MeHee 30


oS::




t::
.......
E;


PUC. 84. PacnO.lJ01KeHHe npo.nonbHOM apM3Typb1 B nonepell.uOM CeQeHHH
6a
ijKH
(J - CBapHa
 apMaTypa: 6 - BSl3anaJi apM8TYpa


,nDYX CTep1KHeM. Pa3Me1l(eHHe CTep>KHeA nOCJIeJtYIOWltX pSl,nOB Ha.n npo.
CBeTaMH (8 npO.lJeTe) !iJ1H nOA npOCBeT8MH (Ha ODOpaX) npe.nblAYlllHX
pJl;J.OB 3anpewaeTCSI.
3.95. PaCCTOSlHHSI B CBeTY Me1K.ny OT,AeJlhHblMH CTep>KHSlMH npO.llO
ijb.
.. u
HOH IUt3BHOH apMaTypbl, 8 TaK>Ke Me1KJ1Y npOJ(O.lJbHblMII CTep>KHSlMH CO-
Ce,nHHX CB3pHbIX CeTOK ,nOJI>KHbI npHHHM3TbCfl He MeHee H8H60nbllterO
.D.HaMeTpa crep1KHeH H He MeHee ,A.lJSI HH>KHeM apMaTypbl 25 MM, a AnSI
BepxHeH apM3Typbl - 30 MM.
M3KCHMa.lJbHOe t1HCnO npo,nOJ1bHblX CTep>KHeH O,AHH8KOBoro J1113MeT-
p
" KOTopoe MO>KHO paCnOn01KHTb B O,lJ.HOAt Pfl
Y no IDHpMHe nOnepeqHOrO
cetieHHSI 63J1KH) AaHO 8 Ta6n.. 28..
'.,' . npH pacnOJI01KeHHH HH)KHeU apMaTypbl 60nee 1JeM B ABa pS1J(a no
BblCOTe CeqeHltSi paCCTOJIHHSI Me>K.ny CTep1KHSlMH) pacnOJI01KeHHhlMH B
TpeTbeM H CJIe.nYIOIl(HX PSl.naXt J10
ij}j{HbI npHHUM3ThCSJ I-Ie MeHee 50 1iM.
. PacnOnO>KeHHe CBapHoii H BSl3aHOH apM3-rYPbl B CeqeHHH 63J10K no-
t<aaBil0 Ha pHC. 84.


107




Ta6JJilua 28
MaKCHMaJ1bHoe t]lIcno npO}J.OJ]bHLlX CTep)KHeH OAHH8Konoro
IH nplUUt ApMaTypa AU81teTpa. pao::tMf'lltaeMLlX B OAIIOM PRAY 6aJ1KIJ npH AU8McTpe
Ce'JeHHSI B ce'leHIUJ CTep)l{Jlen. MM
6anKII. MM 6aJII<IJ 12 1 14 1 I 18 1 20 I 22 I 25 I 28 I 32 I 36 I
16 40
150 BepxH
ul 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2
H}J)I{HBH 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2
200 BepxHHH 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 2
I-IH1KHRH 5 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 2
300 BepxlfRH 6 6 5 5 5 4 4 3 3
I-IH1KIiHSI 7 6 6 5 5 5 4 3 3
400 BepxuHH 7 7 6 6 6 5 4
I-IHiKHHH 8 8 7 6 6 5 4
500 BepxHHH 9 9 8 8 7 6 6
lIIDf{HHSI 10 10 9 8 7 6 6


3.96. B pe6pax C60PHblX naHe.ncH, n3CTIIJIO
 l18cTope6p I1CThlX nepe-
1j)bITHH H T. n. WHPUHOA 150 M!f H 'MeHee, 3 T3K}({e B OT,ll.eJIbllblX 6aJIK3X
UnlpHHOIi CeJleHHB 150 MAf II MefIee npH YCJJOBlIlf, liTO 9TH pe6pa II Oa.nIH
paCCQHTaHbl 1-13 paBHOMepHO pacnpe.neJIeHHYIO 1-larp.Y3KY (He npeBOCKO-
AHlllYIO 400 Krc/M 2 ) H He paCCQUTaHbI H3 KpYlleHHe,
onYClaeTCH yc'ca-
IiOBKa B npO
lJeTe H ,l(OBeJ1efIHe ,l(O onopbI Ol1HOrO npOJl.OJJbHOrO pa6o'lcro
C1 ep>KHJI ff
lJII YCT3HOBI{a O)(HO" Ce'fRH THna «
lJeCeHK3». B 6aJlKaX lllHpll-
110M 60nee 150 MM IjHCJ10 npO,l(OJIbHbIX pa()OllHX CTep>KHeH, YCTaHaBJUfBa-

MblX B npoJIe.ce H J10BO,lU.IMLIX ,l(O onopbI, Jl.on>ltl-IO 6bJTb He Menee ,nayx..
B 6aJII<ax C BSl3afIOH apMaTypOH If Qe'fblpeXCpe3HblMU XOMYT3MH CJle..
D.YCT YCTaHaB
lJHBB'fb B npOJle'fe U ,1
OBO.nHTb Jl.0 onopbt He MeHee qe'fblpeX
("Cepil{HeH. CxeMbI apMMpOBBHMH nOiIepe t lHblX ceqelu1ft 6aJtol< CB3pHblMlf
11 BJf3aHLlMH K3pKaca"'tll npHBe.n:eHbI Ha pUC. 85.
I-IH>KHIOJO apM3TYPY, KOTOpaB JlOBOD.H'CCB ,l(0 KpanHUX CB060;J.HbIX
OUOp 63
fJOI{, CJJe,l(yeT 3BBO,nHTb 3a rpaHb OnOpbl Ha AJII I II}' 8UI<epOBl{H B
COO.fBeTCTBHH C n. 2,42 HaCTOBIl{ero PYKOBOJl.CTna.
3.97. C u.e,,1blO 91<0HOMliH apM3'fypHOIi CTaJIH B 6a
lJl{3X, 3pMupOBaH-
IfLiX CBapflbIMH KapKacaMH
 llaCTb CTep:H{HeH npOJleTHoli apMaTypl)I CBepx
'fCX. IOTopb1e CJIe.nye'c ,nOBeCTH D.O onopbl, peI<OMell,l(ye'fcSJ 06pbIBaTb B
npo..'Ie'ce, He D.OBO.afl HX AU onop. MecTB 06pblBOB Cl'ep>KIIeA onpe,ne..TIHIO'l'-
Cfl p3C'leToM.
B 6B
lJKaX, apMHpoBaHHblx BH3aHblMH l<apl{aCa
lIi. cTepLKlul npOJleTIiOn
c:1pM3'fypbl, eCJ1H HX ll1ICJIO 60..TJbllle ,1
BYX npH ,lI.BYXCPC3HbIX xOMYTax II
OOJ1bllle qe'fblpeX npH tleTblpexcpe3Hblx xOMY'faX, lie 06pblBalO'fCH, HO
f,1orYT oTruo3TbcH Ha onopbl.
3.98. ApMHpoB3HHe BTOpOC'feneHHblx OaJIOK cBapHbIMM KapKBcaMIi
p
loMelll1ye1'CB BbInOJIHHTb no pllC. 86, a BH33HbIMH - no pHC. 87.
,l.XJIHHa npOJIeTHblX cBapHblx KapKacoB BTopocTeneHHblx 63
lJOK 113-
3f1
llaeTCH p3BfIOH pa3Mepy npOJle'fa B CBeTY. a 3a rpaHb onop SaBO.l(HTCR
CHeu:uaJIbHble CTbIKOBble C'fep>KHH. C'fbIKOBble CTep>KHH J(OJI>KlIbI 6bJTh
npeJl.YCMOTpeHbl Ha npOMe1KYTOllHbIX onop3X BTopOCTeneHHblX 6anoK, a
T,'K}Ke 113 KpaiiHHX onop3X 9THX 6a
fJol<, eCJUf KpaHHeii onopOH SlBJlHe'fCH
('J13BH8B 6aJIKa lIJ1H nporOH, CBSJ3aHHble C B'fOpOCTeneHHOH OaJIKOH MOHO-
JUITHO. 3TH C'fep)fliH YCT3H3Bnl1BalOTCH Ha ypoBue CTep>KHeM nponeTHoj


108




p8601leA apMaTyphJ 6anOK H llnCJIO HX ,nOn}l{HO COOTBeTCTBOB8Tb J<OJIHt)e-
CTBY npOneTHblX CeTOK
 AHaMeTp CTblKOBb1X CTep
HeH J(O.JJ}KeH ObITb He
MeHee 10 MM H lIe MeHee nOJIODHHLI J(HaMeTpa pa6o
ero CTep}I{lUI ceTKH.
061ll8H nnOlllaJ(b cetJeHHSI 9THX CTep>KHeM, I<pOMe Toro, ,nOJI}I{ua 6blTb
lie MeHee MHHHMa..'IhHOrO nponeHTa apMHpOBaHHH Cetlellll.R 6aJIKlI Ha
onope.
CTblKOBble CTepmHH, ecnu OHM nepHOJ(HtJeCKoro npO<pHJIH, 3aBo.n
TC.R
sa rpaHb onopbl B npOJIeT lie MeHee qeM Ha 15d, a ecnH CTep1KHH rJI3,i-
OJ


J
3S0!
6)



 lJ
350J
B)


Jb<'s;


oS::


Ib<350



tlJ<







J 11

50 1


1 b
J50 !


C:


!b=15oJj50


}11> 350 1


PHC. 85. CxeMbI apMHpOBaHHSI CeqeHHH OaJIOK
II - 8"38801 apM8TypoA. AByxcpes8L1MH XOMYT8MH; 6 - TO 1Ke, qeTLlpeXCpeSJlLJMJI
XOMYT8MHi 8 - «:sapnoA apM8T)'poA


I<He, TO K 15d ueO()XOAHMO npH6aBHTb OAHH war nonepetJHbIX CTep>KHeH
8"fOpOCTeneHHblX 6a..1JOK H nJIIOC 50 MM.
EcnH H8 onope HY>KH8 C>K8TaB apMaTypa, CelleHHe CTblKOBhIX CTCP)K-
HeA Ha3Ha1JaeTCH no paCqeTY H ORH SBBOAHTCH 3a rpaHb onopbI B npOJleT
lia .D.JlHHY CTblK8 BHaXJleCTI{Y AJIH cm8TblX CTep>KlIeA B COOTBeTCTBHM C
n. 2.46 HaCTOBlllero PYKOBOJ(CTB8.
CTep>KHH HHB<Heii BHsaHoA apMaTypLl MOHonHTHbIX ()anOK (pHC. 87)
8 CJlyqaBX, KorAa B onopHblX CelleHHBX HH>KHHH apMaTypa no paCqeTY He
Tpe6yeTCjJ, peKOMeHJlYeTCJI saBOJ(HTb sa rpaHb npOMe>KYTOtJHOfi onopbl He
MeHee qeM Ha AnHRY 'aB AJISI P8CTBHYTbIX CTep>KHeif B C1K8TOM 6eToHe
(CM. n. 2.40 H8CTOHII{ero PYKoBoACTBa).
ECJlH HH1KHSISI apMaTypa H8 npOMe>KYToIIHOii onope YllHTblBaeTcSI B
p8C'IeTe KaK CJK8TaSl HJlH p8CTSlllyrajJ, TO CTbIK CTep1KHeH CMe}KRblX npo-


J09




4
Ibn
425Fo.
1


1


6)


3 Fa
Z
1
rFni

 f J600 lip }2pO
7
t
t


z


....



 1-1 I.
!:) -..,
hIS



;r:


N


t f


;1


Z l
2-2 ..

--;"qSF an

 r.;-' (GOOi-120D)Kn
O

r 1+111
y
.;: 2ObW20D l600f1200)xP 1
Vi 11-
O, 5F on
8)

B


y


, d 50 1/, 15d c
f5d c +u l .f50


.


10
dc
q5d 1 d

 15d c j, t,


2


PRC. 86. ApMHpos8HHe BTopOCTeneHHblx MOHonHTHblX 68noK CB8p1fblMB
ceTK8MH
Q - Kp8AHHe OnopbJ; 6 - cpeAHaa onopa; B - AeTanb yCT8HOBKH CTbI
OBoro CTep..
lia npH p8(SoQeA apM8Type H3 Kpyrnblx rn8,AKHX cTepX<HeA; a - TO >Ke. H3 cTep."
ileA nepHoAOqeCKOrO npo(j)uJla; J - BTopoCTeneHH8a (S8nK.: 2 - rnaBH.a G811K..'
8 - nponeTH811 apM8T3{p8 BTopoCTeneHHol% 6UKH; 4 - onopH811 ceTK8 DTopOCTeneH-
liol% 68nKH; 5 - CTblK080A CTep>KeHb AH8MeTpoM de: 6 - npOJleTH8a 8pN8Typa
, I
I'n8BHoA (S8nKDi t.-no pat'leTY. DO He NeHee 1/.1; la-DO p8C'leTY. HO He MeKee 1/.1


1.10




1I



laH Z
"1f=t
on
o,25FaFr

o,8laH

11d
,... - -
I r=lOti.

0,81aH
i
 tOd '-


I
 fa


l
l MOHmOJKHble

 CmepJI<HlL


/ "
PplJ Heooxof}uMocmu 302lJba
npRMou XplOJ< HfMeHee 100MM
&cl


W aH
0)


t,
(
5FonJ t 2
(0. 5 Fon)










0,5 FtJ/1
5 Fon
l


laH


l


qSFon


-



5 Fon



5Fon


(8 cnyvoe lJ'Iema C1KDmoi}
IlfJ/IIomgp61 6 pocf/eme)


PIIC. 87. ApMHpoB8HHe BTopocTeneHHbIx MOHOnHTHbJX t>a.noK OT.neJlbHU.
Mil CTepJKHHMH
Q - Kyaulute onopbJ.i t5 - cpe)J.HRB onopa:. t. - no paC'l
TY. DO Be N
tlee J/ali
I, - Do paC'leTY t KO De MeHee II.'


III




lICTOB ocyllteCTBJlfteTCSI B COOTBeTCTBHH C YKa3aHHSlMif no YCTPOHCTBY
C1'bJJ<OB apMaTypbl BHaXJ1ecTKY oe3 CBapKH (n" 2.46 HaC'f0BJJ.tero PYKO"
Bo,nC'fBa), npH 3TOM 8 OAHOM CeqeHHH MorYT ocYllteCTBn.HTbCJI CTblKH Bcex
AooeAeHHblX AO onopbI CTep1KHeA.
3.99. Ha KpaHHHX onopax BTopoCTeneHHbIx OaJJOK, MOHOJlHTIlO CBSI-
aa'llHbIX C >KeJle300eTOHHLIMH nporoHaMH, cJJe.uyer npeAycMaTpHoaTb
HepxHlO1O apMaTYPY nnOlltaAblO CeqeHHSI He MeHee 1/. nJ1011t8AII celiellHR
apMaTypbl B npHMblKaJOU{eM npOJ1eTe (pRC. 86, a H 87, a). CTep>KHH 9TOM
apA-f8Typbl cne,nYeT saBOAHTb B npOJ1eT H8 'Is npOJleTa OaJ1KH B CBeTY It
3aAeJlbIBaTb Ha onope B COOTBeTCTBHH C Tpe60BaHHSlMH n. 2.40 HaCTOfl"
J.i.(ero PYKOBoAcTBa.
3.100. Ha KpaiillHx, SaAeJIaHHblX B CTeHY (KHpnHqHYJO Ii T. n.) qno-
pax 08JJI{1! AJIB BocnpHBTHB B03laIO)KHOrO MOMeHTa SallteMJIeHHR AOJJ>KH8
npe.AycMaTpHBaTbCJI
epXHBJI apMaTypa , KOropylO MOJKlIO HaSUaQ8Tb B
u
BMJJ.e CneUHaJlbHbIX Crep1KHeH, 110 7 KaK npaBUJ10, sAeCb
OCTaTOqHO HMeJO'"
I.U.eAcJI MOH
.a>KHOH apMaTypbl.. npH apMHpoB8HHH OTAeJ1bHblMH CTep>KHSI-
MH MOHTa>KHYIo apMaTYPY CJIeJtyeT n09ToMY BcerAa SaBOAHTb sa rpaHb
OriOpbt lia AJlHHY 'aB B COOTBeTCTBIlH C n. 2.40 (pHC. 87t a). a B cBapHblx
ceTK8X npH BblnOJ1HeHHH MOHTa}KHOA apM8TYPbl H3 rJla,nKHX CTepJKHeH AOJI. .
>KJlbI BhInonHflTbCfl YCJIOBHR n. 2.42 (puc. 86. a) H8CTOHllterO PYKO-
Ito.nCTBa.
3.101. Ha npOMe}KYT01illbiX (cpe,nHHx) onopax MHOrOnpOJ1eTHbIX He-
pa3pe3HblX BTopOCTeneHHbIx MOHOJ1HTHbiX 6aJlOK BepXH.HSI apMaTypa sa-
JJ.aeTCSI pacfieToM. MecT8 OOpblB8 cTepzHeii 9ToA apMaTypbI CJIe,ll.YeT.
KaK npaBIfJIO, Ha3HaliaTh TalOKe no paclleTY, npHlleM B O,nHOM CeqellHH
pa3pemaeTCfI OOpbIBaTh He oOJlee Tpex CTep1Klleii npH }:lByxcpe3HblX xo-
MYTax H He 60JJee lleTbipex npH qeT
eXCpe3HblX XOMYTax. npH AeHCT-
lUlU Ha t5aJlKY BpeMeHHOH paBHOMepHO pacnpeAeneHHOH HarpYSKH, He
npeBblwaJOll{eH YTpoeHHOii nOCTOJIHHoft. M01KHO nOJlOBI1HY (no DJ10w.a,nn)
BepXHHX CTep1KHeH saBOAHTb sa rpaHb onopbl B CMe1KHblH nponeT Ha '/a
npOJleTa B CBeTY, a nOJIOBHUY - Ha 11. (pHC. 86,6 H 87,6). B MHoronpo-
..'1eTHblX 6anK8x C pasHbIMH npOJIeTaMH, OTnHQ8101l1HMHCfl ,npyr OT Apyr8
He ()onee lleM Ha 20%, MetTa oopblBa CTep1KHeH BO Bcex nponeTax aa-
3ualialOT O,lJ.UHaKOBblMH (no 60JlbmeMY npOJ1eTY), a npH pa3JIHQHH B
npOJIeT8X 60nee 20% CTepJKHIi B MeHbwHH nponeT a8Bo,nHT Ha }:lnHHY,
onpelle,,1eHHYIo no CMeJKHoMY nponery (6onbweMY). B cnyqae eCJIH Ma-
JIblH nponcT Haxo,nHTCH Me>K.lI.Y ABYMH 60JIblUHMH, CJle/.lyeT npoTSlrHB8Tb
u
n3 CMCH{UbiX nponeToB QepC3 BeCb MaJJblH nponeT nooepxy He MeHee
,n8YX onopHblX CTep>l(HeH,
81Ke ecnH OHH He Tpe6YIOTCSI no paclleTY.
3.102. OTpHJJ.aTeJlbllbIe MOMeHTbI lla npoMe1KYTOqHblX onopax MHoro-
npOJleTHblX Hepa3pesHblx oanoK uuorAa Tpe6YIOT YCliJleHHJI pe6pa HU>K...
Hen cJKaToA apMaTypoii. npH Heooxo
uMOCTH (no paC'leTY) TaKoro YCH-
l!eHHSI ICOHCTpyupOBaHlie 9Toro yqacTKa OaJlKH peKoMeH,nYeTCH B bUI 0,,'1"
IUfTb cne,nYIOI.J..(HM 06pa30M:
8) "PH apMHpOBaHHII CB8pllbIMII ceTKaMH YCTaHasnJISaJOTCH CTblKO-
Bble CTep>KHU B CQOTBeTCTBHH c n. 3.98 HaCTOfllUero PYKOBoAcTBa;
6) npH 8pMHpoBaHuII OT,neJlbllbl'fli CTep1KHJlMH:
ecJIH Heo6xoAHMoe ceqeHHe C1KaTOH apM8TypbI l-1e npeBblWaeT celJc"
v
HUfl CTep>KlleH, AOBOAHMblX AO onopbl HS Ka1KJ(oro nponera B OT}:leJ1bHO-
CTUt TO CTep>KIUI 9TH CTblKYIOTC.H Ha onope BHalUJecTKY oe3 CBapKH, npH-
qeM CTblK OCYllteCTBJ1fleTC.H B OAHOM CeqeHUH, a .nJJHH8 BaXJIecTKH npHIIH-
MaeTCH B COOTBeTCTBHH C n. 2.46 HaCTOJlll1erO PyKoBoJtCTBa;
ecJII{ celieHue ,ltOBO,RHMOH AO onopbl npOJleTHoii apM8TyphT HeAOCTa-
TOqUO. 'I'O CJIe,ztyeT BbinOnH.HTb ee CTblK BHaXJ1ecrKY H ,ltOoaBRflTb KOpOTbl"
il f II, nJlow.a,nb cetJeHIlfl KOTOpbIX HaSHaqaeTCH no paCqeTY. KOpOTbflUlt
112




3anYCK81OTCSI B K8}K
blj" npOneT Ha lie I or OCI{ onopbl Hnli lIa
/a I OT
rpaHH onopbl (oepeTCH OOJIbWaH se..T]HIlHH8). -.
3.103. ApMHpoB8HHe onop .rnaBHbIX 6aJlOK tvIOHOJII
THbiX nepeKpbl'fH"
cn8pHoft 8pMaTypoH peKoMeH.nyeTcR BbinOnIJ.HTb .cnenHa'lbHb1MH Bep1'U-
KallbHblMIf ceTK8MH no Tuny. nOK8s8HHOMY H8 pHC. 88.
CxeM8 apMHpOB8HHJI rn8BHblX t5aJIOK OT,neJIbHblMH CTep>KIfHMH 8113-
JiOfHIJH8 cxeMe apMHpOB8HHft BTopOCTenef1I1b1X ()8J10K, nOKa38lfnoti 113
pRc.87.


Q}


1
r-t,
t


1-1
-
2


1 50
W-
l

 ./
0) r1
nO pac"em
, HD 2-2
He ",'Hee 1 J l 2 1
2


0,5 Fon


d2
o.5d, d,
f.,


------,


PHC. 88. ApMJ.'pOBaJlHe ooop "101l0i1HTllb1X rJl3BIILIX 6a&1101( ceapnblMH
CeTI(aMII
a - Cpe,AHHft onopa; 6 - ({PORIIHH onopa; / - ITpOJ1el'uaS:l ceTKa; 2-ono!>uo)1 ceTK8;
i J - 110 POCIlCTY. ISO He MCItCe l/sI; t, - 110 paCqeTY.. tlO ne MeJlee 1/.1


3.104. Y 60K08b1X noeepxHOCTeii 6a..J10K BbiCOTOH nonepelfHoro celle-
HHfl 60nee 700 MM .lI.0n}l(Hbi CT8BHTbCSI KOIICTPYKTJiBHbIe npo.nOJIbUbie
CTep>KUIJ C p8CCTOJlHHJlMH Me)K.ny HJIMH no BblCOTe He 60nee 400 MM II
nnOWB/.lbIO Ce'leHHJI He MeHee 0. I % nnO,UlaAH Ce1JellJIfl 6eTOH8 C p83Mepa-
MH J paBHbIMH: no BbiCOTe 3JIe"1eHT8 - paCCTOHHUIO Me>K.ny 9TIIMIJ CTep>K-
HHMH, no WHpHHe 9.,'1eMeHTa - nOJIOBHHe WHpHHbl pe6pa 3J1eMeHT3,
HO He 60JIee 200 MM (puc. 89). 3TH Crep}KHH .llon>KHbI Coe.llUHHTbCJI
WDHnbK8Mlf AH8MeTpoM 6-8 MM us apMaTypbl KnaCC8 A..I C W8rOM
500 M M no .lI.nHHe 6aJlKH.
3.105. BepTHK8nbH
JI nonepetJH8H 8pMaTypa B 6anK8x H pe6pax Bbl.
COToii 60nee 150 MM AOn}KH8 YCT8H8BnHB8TbCfl BcerA8. B 6a.1K8x u pe6.
pax BbiCOTOH 150 MM H MeHee ,ltonYCKaeTCR nOnepellHYtO apMaTYPY IIC
ycraHaBnHBaTb.
nonepcl.II1YIO 8PM8TYPY AonYCK8eTCR lie CTaBJiTh y rpaHeH TOIlKHX
pe6ep u 6a.JlOK WHpHHOf.i 150 MM H MeHee, no wHpHue KOTOphIX pacIIo-


8-661


113




a) 2 6) 2
f5 f5

 C()
..... ....



t':

.. h

 -£::








.,.




'I








......
.,.


!;?
11
-t:


2


I.J.






tt
4::






It
,a;;


Pec. 89. P83Mew.eHHe KOHCTPYKTHBHblX npOt{OJIbHblX crep>KHeii Y 60K3-
BblX' rp8HeH B nOnepe'lHOM CeqeHHH C58JIKH
a -- npH BRSOHOA 8pM8Type; 6 - npH cBapHoA 8pM8Type; 1- npoAonbH8J1 pa60 4
,{8J1 apMaTypa; 2 - npO,D.OnbHaR MOHTa1KH8R 0PMOTYpO; 8 - npOAoJIhHh1A KOH<TPYK"
THBHLIA cTep1KeHb nnow.OAhlO nOnepetlHOrO CeqeHHR f a . R
O,OO I b'h'; 4-wnHnhKH
HJlH nOnepe'iHhle CTepJKHH, d-6-8 Mt.!


Jlar8eTCJI nHWb Ot{HH npo.nonbHhIH CTep}l(eHb linn CBapH8J1 CeTK8. npH
91'011 AOn1KHbI C5b1Tb 06ecneQeHbI Tpe6oB8HHJI p8CQeT8 t H3n01KeHHble B
11. 3.36 rnaBbi CHHn 11-21-75. .
3.106. AH8MeTP nOnepe1lHhIX CTep)KHeit B CBapHbIX CeTK8X H K8PK8-
cax ()aJlOK npHHHMaeTCR no pacqeTY. npH 9TOM ne06XOAHMO yqHTblB8TL
}'CJ10BHR cnapKU COrJI8CHO Ta6n. 4.
,AH8MeTp XOMYTOB B BH38HbIX KapK8cax 6anoK npnHHMaeTCB no p8C-
qeTY n JtonlKeH 6b1Tb He MeHee: 6 Ml'& npH h
800 MM; 8 Ml'& npH h>
>800 M
f.
" npn STOM K8K B CB8plIbIX, TaK Ii B BH38HbIX KapK8cax AH8MeTp npo4
.nOJIbHblX CTep1KHeH Jton}l(eH 6b1Tb He MeHee JtHaMeTpa nOnepe'lHblx.
3.107. P8CCTOSUfHB MeJKJty BepTHKaJ1bHbIMH nOnepeQHblMH CTep>KIUI4
118 Hnu XOMYTaMH B CSanK8X J He HMeJOJIJ.HX OTorHYTOH apMaTypbl, B C"JIY-


114




qaRX KOr
a nOnepeqHaR apM3Typa Tpe6yercR no pacqery nH
O no KOH-
CTPYKTHBHhlM C006pa>KeflIUIM, YK83aHHblM B n. 3.105 HaCTOHIl{erO PYKO.
Bo,nCTBa,
On1KHbI 6mb lIe MeHee TpeC5yeMbIx paCqeTOM H npHHHMaTbCR
(CM. pDC. 90):
a) lIa npDonopHblx yqaCTKaX (p8BHbIX npH paBHoMepHoH HarpysKe
II" nponera, a npH COCpe.llOTOqeHHhIX H8rpY3Kax - paccToRHHIO OT onopbI

o 6nHlKaiiwero rpY3a, HO He Mellee 1/. nponeTa):


JOO
h '1.;50
,
fllit u t t


U t U


3


Ion


Lon


150
l1tl:fl2h j 500
uz 'JII./h


h>


1/50 .. -A_
v
li 2 U,
r-rt
,
>
Ion
"I
500
u 'JllJh A'
Y


3


u, ill




ton


500
u," f/Jh J


2


PHC. 90. PaCIlOn01KeHHe uOnepeIJHOH apMaTYpbl B 6anKax, He HMeIOIl{HK
OTrH60B


npH BbiCOTe cetJeHHR h
450 MM - fie C50nee h/ 2 H He oonee 150 MM;
npH BbiCOTe Ce'leHIfR h>450 MM - He 60nee his H He oonee 500 MM;
6) Ha OCTaJIbHOA tJaCTH npOJJeTa npH BbiCOTe CeqeHHR h > 300 MM-
He oonee 8/. h H He oOJlee 500 MM.
3.108. PacCTosulHB Me1KJty nonepetJHbllIH CTep>KHHMH (xoMYTaMH) B

aJlKaX co C>K8TOA npO
OJ1bHOA apMaTypoA, YIJHTblBaeMoii B pacqeTe,
AOJUKliO npuHHM8TbCH no T86..1J. 25 HacToSiwero PYKOBO
CTB8.
3.109. B BB3aHbIX KapKacax cpe,nHHx 68J10K MOHOnHTHbJX peopHcTblX
nepeKpblTHH. B TOM qHCne MHoronponeTHblX Hepa3pesHbIX. MOHonHTHO
CBHS8HHblX nOBepxy nnHTOH no BceH .llnHHe npH speMeHHblX HarpY3Kax
Ha nepeKpbITHe 3 Tc/M 2 H MeHbwe peKoMeH,nyercR CT8BHTb OTKpblTbie xo-
MYTbI. 3aKpblThie XOMYTbI CTaBflTCR B OT,nenbHbIX (He CBH3aHHblX MOllO..
J!ItTHO C DJlHToA) oanKax npRMoyronbHoro HJIB TaBpOBoro CeqeHHfI. B
KpaAHUX 6aJlKaX MOHonHTHblX peopHCThlX nepeKpblTHH, B C5anKax c pac..
qeTHOA c1KaToA apMaTYPoA, a TaK1Ke B cpe
HHX 6anK8X MOUMHTHbiX pe6..
pHC'ThIX nepeKphlTHit, paCCQHT8HlibiX Ha BpeMeHHYJO H8rpY3KY oonee
3 Tc/M 2 .
npH STOM S8KpUTbJe ;XOMYTbI peKOMeH.ll.yeTCR nepeBSl3b1BaTb Bpas..
OOJKKY, 'lToC5b1 CTblKH CMeJKHblX XOMyrOB He IlpHXOAunHCb Ha OAHOM
CTep1KHe.


8.


115




3.IIV. 8 C5a..1K
x C BH38lfOH 8PM8TypOH, paCCQHT8HHblX H8 KpyqeHlfe,
CJleJ1yeT CT8BH'fb 38MKHYTbIe XOMYTbl C nepenycKoM HX KOH
OB lIa 30d,
a npH cBapHblx KapKacax aepTHI<anbHble H ropH30HTaJIbHble nOnepe'dHble
CTep)KHH
On1Kllbl 6b1Tb npHo8peHbI B COOTBeTCTBHH C n. 2;34a HaCTOHIl{e..
TO PYKOBOACTBa.
3. t 11. COe.ll.lllleulul npo.nOJJbHblX H nOnepeIJHblX CTep}KHeH B CBSpUblX
C
TK8X 6anoK .nOJUKHbI o6ecneQUB8Tb aHKepoBKY nOnepeIJHOH apMaTypbJ,
.)I,..PIH qero cBapHble COe.lUIHeHHH ltOn1KHhI 6b1Tb p8BHOnpOqHbIMH.
B BH38HblX KapKac8x XOMYTbJ .nOJ)1KHbI KOHCTPYlfPOB8TbCSI TaKHM 06..
pS30M, qTo6b1 B MeCTax HX neperH68, S T8K>Ke 3arHos Ko
eBbIX KplOKOB
(npu OTCYTCTBIIH nepenycKa KOHl!OO) 06H38TMbHO p8cnonar8nncb npo-
AOJlblIble cTep>KHH.
PeK01tellltyeTCJI, 1{ToObi KlUKltbIit XOMYT OXB8TblBan B O;tfIOM pHltY fie
60nee nHTII paCTHHYTbIX CTep)KHeM H He 60nee Tpex C)I{8TblX. npH 60Jlb'"
weM Qflc.ne CTep1KHeH B O.nHOM PJIJl.Y, 8 TalOKe npH WHpHHe 6SJlKH 350 MM
Ii 60JIee peKOMeH.lI.yeTcH nepeXOAHTb H8 QeTbipeXcpe3Hble IfJIH Mlforocp
3"
llble XOMYTbl.
npHMcHHeMbie ,nnH OSJJOK C BJl3aHOH apM8TypOH KOHCTPYKIUIIf XOMY-
TOB nO({S38Hbl H8 pHC. 1 n 85. npH 9TOM IUHpHH8 lIeTbIpeXCpe3Horo xo..
MYTa B S8BHCHMOCTH OT KOnnIJeCTB8 CTep>KHefl B OJl.HOM PH
Y 6aJJKH- H
"
KonUllCCTB3 CTep>KHeH MelK.ny BHYTpeHHHMH BeTBHMH XOMYTOB onpe,ne.
J1H€TCJI no Ta6.'J. 29.


Ta6JIult8 29


3118'1eHHe b x , MM. QeTbipeXcpe3HblX XOM}'TOB npH KOJJII'JeCTBe
npOAOJlbHhlX cTep1KueA B OAHOM PSiAY 6aJlKII


5 6 7 8 9 JO
llinpHH8
fSa..'I1Ut b t aiM
npH KOJl;.ttJeCTBe npoAOJ1.HblX CTep>KRcA Me)K
y BHYTpeHHifNH BeTBJlMH
XOMYTOB
I 3 2 3 4 3 4
350 230 190 205 220
400 270 225 240 255 225 240
450 250 270 295 255 270
500 - 310 330 290 280


3.112. npH MouonHTHbiX KOUcrPYKD-HJ1X B Tonw.e OOop B MecT8X ne..
peceIJeHlIJi 6anKH C KO.1JOHHOH HnH C nporoHoM nonepequylO 8PM8TYPY
(janKH CT8BHTb He CJleJJ.yeT. B T8KUX KOHCTPYKD-HflX nepobIft XOAIYT linu
nonepeqllblH c'rep>KeHb cne.nyeT CTaBHTb B npO",1eTe Ha paccToHHHe 50 f.fM
OT rpaHH onopbl. .
npH onHpaHHH MOHonHTHbiX 6anOK H8 KflpnMIJHyro KJI8
KY na Kpau..
-

HeR onope nepBblH XOMYT HnH nOnepeqHblH CTep>KeHb CT8BHTCJI Y TOpna
68nKII C Heo6xoJtflMbiM saWHTHblM CJlOeM t 8 B npe.nenax Cpe.nHHX onop
yCTSHOBK8 XOM}'TOB npOAOn>K8eTCH C 1II8rOM t npHHHTbIM .nnJl npOJJeTa
6anKH.
B C60pHblX 68nKax paCCTaHOBKY nOnepe'lHOH apM8Typbl cne.nyeT Ha-
IIHU8Tb OT TOpn8 9neMeHT8 C YQeTOM SallHTHbIX cnoeB 6eToH8.
3.113. OTOrHYTble CTep>KHH cJle.nyeT npHMeluITb B 68JlK8X, apMupo"
BSUHblX BHS8HblMH KapKacaMH, eCJlH no paCqeTY Tpe6yercB nonepeQlfaH


116




apMaT)'pa. npUMeHHTb OTOrHYTbIe CTep>f<JlU B CBapHbfK KapKacax He pe-
KOMeH,nyeTCH.
.lI.JlHHa nplfonopHoro yqacrKa 6aJJKII, ua KOTOpOM pa3Mem a lO TCH
OTrH6b1, Ha3HaqaeTCH paC'leTOf.f.
PS,D.lfYC AyrH, no KOTOpOH OTflfC5aeTCfl HaK.llOIIHbIH YIJaCTOK CTepiK.
11ft, ,nOJl1KeH 6b1Tb He Menee 10d.
Yeon HaKnona OTrHoa K npo,nOJIbHOH OCM 6anKU t KaK npaBUJIO, CJIt'-
AyeT nplfHIlM8Tb paBHblM 45°. B 6aJIKaX C BblCOTOH CeqellHR oOJlee 800 MM
11 B oanKaX-CTeHKax yrOJI naMOHa 01THOOB AonYCKaeTCH YBeJlHqHBaTb JJ.O
600, a B HIlSKHX oanl<ax H B 6anKax, pacc'Iu'ra HHbIX Ha cocpeAoTolleHllblta
HarpysKH, - YMeHbwaTb ,no 30°.
3.114. HaKJloHHYIO apMaTYPY Ilpe,nnO'lTUTeJlbHO 06pa30Bb1B8Tb, OT(,I1-
6aH 118 onopbI HH1KHIOIO npOJIeTHYIO apMaTYPY, KOTopaH B Hepa3pe3HLtX
6anK8X nepCBo.nHTCH 3aTeM qepe3 onopy B coce,nnHH IlpOneT (CM.
pHC. 87).
Ecnn B031UIKaeT He06x0.nIfMocTb yeeJIlJlJHTb lIa npOMe>KYTOCIHoii ono-
pc IJHCnO Hal(.llOHHblX cTep>KlIeii cBepx Toro KOJIH'lecTBa) KOl'OpOe MOil<110
nonYIlHTb 3a ctJer OTfH68HHH CTep1KlIeA 113 CMe1KllbiX npo;neTOB. TO natl.
3ToA onopofi CJ1e.llyeT YCTaHaBJIHBaTb KopOTKue CTep>KHH C .lI.BYMSI lIa-
KJIOHHblMH yqaCTKaMH (crep)l(eHb d K Ha pHC. 87) H C ABYMJI ropHsouTBJlb-
liblMH yqaCTKaMH BHH3Y .nnR 06ecnetJeHHJI aHKepOHKII.
npHMefleHHe I{OPOTI(HX CTep1KHeH C O,ltHIfM HaKJIOHHblM yqaCTKO
1 II
He CBH3aHHblX C 06w.eH apMaTypoA TaK Ha3b1BaeMblX nol'l8BalOU(HX C'fep>K-
HeA. a T8K>Ke Crep1KUeH co CJI01KHOH KOH4>Hr}'pallueH, HMelOlJ.{Hx 60JJl'C
J(BYX HaKnOHfJblX yq
CTI(OBt He .n.onYCKaeTCH.
3.115. B oanKax C WHPIUiOA Ce'lefJHH 200 MM H
1el1ee paspewa-
eTCR oTfH6aTb B Ka>K.ltoH nnOCKOCTH no OAHOMY CTep iK 1110. B C5anKax C
U1HpHHOii CeqeHHH 300-400
fM cne.nyeT oTru6aTb B nepBoH OT OnOpbJ
nnOCKOCTH He MeHee ,nBYX CTepiKfJei1, a B nocneJJ.YIOll(HX ,ltOnYCKaeTCH
OTrH6aTb no O.llHOMY CTep1KHIO. B 6aJJI<ax C 1UJlpHHOH Ce'leIlHH 60nee
400 MM oTrHoaTb l\eHee .nBYX cTep>I<Hefr B Ka}I{]lOH nnOCKOCTII He ,nony-
CIaeTCSI.
Ecnlf J1,lJaMCTpbI OTfu6aeMblX CTep}K Heii p33J1b1t', TO OTrH6bl 60nbWUX
,nHaMeTpOB c.ne.nYeT pacnOJIaraTb 6nlDKe K onope.
OTfn6bI CTep>KHeH peKOMeH.lI.yeTcSI pacnO",1araTb CUMMeTpnQHO OTHO-
CHTMbHO sepTHKaJJbHOH OCH CeqeHHH 6anKIl. EcnH B CeqCHIHt 01TH6aeTCH
O}l.HH CTep}Ke
Ib, pacnOJ1araTb efO c.,1e,uyeT no OC" CHMM
TpHII CelJeJlIIH
unH B03MOil{1I0--6nlf>KC 1< HeM. OTrH6aTh CTep}I{UJI. paCnOJlOJKCHHble lIe-
nocpe,uc'CBeHHo Y 60KOBbtX nooepXHOCTeii 6aJIKI1, He peKOMeH,lJ.yeTcfl, pac-
nOJlaraTb If X CJ1e1(YeT ua paCCTOHlllUl He MeHee 2d OT 601<OBbIX fpaHcij
6a.JJI H (J> IIC. 91).
:3.116. PaccToSlHHH Me>KJlY Hat,Jl0HHblMU Y{lacTI<aMH CTep)l(tlei1 no
.ll.nHHe 6a.n1<H H33fJaqalOTCH paCqeToM. ECRu B paCqeTe lie }l.alOTCH YKa38-
IlIISI 0 paCII0J10:if{eHJlH n.noCI{OCTeH oTrn6oB, TO paCCTOHHI!SI Me}f{.ny HIIMU
flJ>I'IHHMafOTCfl no pllC. 87.
3.117. CTep>KHH nepl:lOM OT onopbl nJIOCI{OCTH OTfn60B lIe yqllTbJOa-
IOTCH paCtteToM B COCTaBe Ha,n0I10pHOM IlpO,nOJJbIlOM apM8Typbl. CeQeHl1-
eM, C l'OTOpOfO nOJIIiOCTbIO BKnlO'laeTC
 B pa60TY Ha OIlOpHblii H3fHoa-
IOlU.lfH MOMenT BepXHHH npSlMOH yqaCTOK OTOfH}'TOfO Crep>KHH Ka)l(,ltOH
ho
nJ10CKOCTI1, C{U1TaeTCSI CeqeHUe H8 paCCTOHIiHU ;?; -OT BepXHeH TOl!KH
2
Hc:H(nOHIfOro yqaCTKa 3TOfO cTep>KHH B C'fOPOHY onopbl. AHanOrnquo
liH>KIlHH npsu
foii Yt!acToK oTrHC5aeMofo CTep>I{HSI nOJlIIOCTblO UCKnIOqaeTCH
lf3 pa60Tbi Ha npo..1IeTllbfH H3fH6aTOWHM MOMenT B CeQenHII fIa paCCTOftll1iH


117




nJ) ., .,
>. 2 OT HH}J{HeH TOqKH HaKJIOIlHOrO YQaCTK8 B CTOPOHY npOJIeTa (S.necb
ho - paCqeTHaH BblCOTa CeqeUHSI 08JIKH, nplfOJ1H3HTeJIbHO paBII8H O.9
-
0:95 BblCO'fbl Ce'leHHSI 08JII{II).
3.118. CTep}l{HIt, OTrllOaeMbIe 03 npC1JIeT8 B nepBOH H BTOpOH nno..
CI{OCTHX OT npOMe}l{YTO':lHOM onopLI, Cne,lI.yeT OOH38TeJIbHO 38BO,lU1Tb B
CMe}KHbIH nponeT, 8 OTfl108eMbie B TpeTbeit H [!ocne
Ylow.HX nJ10CKOCTflX


c{ JD'" 1./5° 60 0

 1,5d tl D,5d


L...
..
.z:::.



t f }


Omtu6bl


"t;:j-
"f::j'"



... :::s
 t:j
t:::)
 "T;j-



e;:


Omtu5amb He
jJel<oMcHD!lemcR


Omeu6bl
u.nu yml<u
PexoMeHo!jemcfI
omzu6amb


Cmb.8umb gmHu
u omozHllmble
Cmep
HlI. He
peHoMeHiJycmcR


Fnc. 91. I(OJ-JCTPYHpoB3HHe oTorHYTbIx CTep.>KHeH


p83pernaeTCH B cJJyqae OTCYTCTBHSI B IlHX Ha.nooHoCTH B pa60Te Ha onop-
HbJH M3rIl03IOIUO" MOMeHT HJIM np" TpY.lJ;HOC1'SlX pa3MelleHHSI HX B HaA-
onopHoM CeqeHHH 06Pb1B8Tb B npoJIeTe BBepxy (CM. pUC. 87). .
3.119. BepXHHe KOHIJ.bl OTOI"HYTbIX CTep>KHeH, KOTopble lie nepeBOJlHT-
CH 'lepea onopy B cMeLKHbIH npoJIeT, .lJ;On>KHbI 38K8utJIIBaTbCB npSIMbIMu

tjacTK8MH
nHHOH He MeHee 0,81 all , npUHHMaeMOA COrJJaCHO YKaSaHHHM
D. 2.40 H8CTOHllerO PYKOBo.nCTBa, HO He MeHee 20d B paCTJIHYTOH H IOd
B C>K8TOH 30ne. OOpblB8 oTorHYToro CTep1KHH B pacTHHYTOif 30He (BHH"
ay) cne.nyeT H36eraTb. B 6a.nKax BbiCOTOH oonee OA})Oro MeTpa OTorHY-
TNH CTep}l{eHb H3 -rJ18,lI.KOH 8PM8TypbI MOJKeT S8KatlIJHB8TbCJI B C>K8TOA
30He TOJIbKO KplOKOM oe3 npSIMoro YQ8CTKa (CM. pHC. 91), a crepX{IIH
nepUO,lI.HtJeCKoro npo$UJlH .nO.r'lLKHbI Bcer.o.8 HMeTb npflMoH yq8CTOl{..
3.120. BepTIIKa411bHble npoeKIlHH hoTr.i MM, H8KJIOHHblX Y'laCTKOB OT"
ru6aeMblx CTep>KHeA B 3aBHCHIvtOCTH OT BbiCOTbI CeqeHIIH 6aJlKH h(j R Be-
JlHtIllHbI 3aWlfTHoro CJIOfl 6eToHa at) BblqllCnfllOTCJI no cneAYI01J.(HM <f>op...
"')tJ18AI;


I-
hOT,.1 = h(j - at) - a(j;
,
h OTr2 = ht) -- a(j - at) -
 - 20;
,
h OTr3 = ho - at) - a o - d 1 -20;


(20)
(21)
(22)


118




,
h fwTf4 = 116 - a6 - a6 -d 1 - d). - 40.


(23)


,

npll 3TOM: a6=ao - ,lI.nH BTOpOCTeneHHblX 6anOK; a6 =a6+20 MM-
.nnH rnaBHblX 6anOK, K l{OTOPbIM npUMblKalOT BTOpOCTeneHHbIe 6anKH C
,
BepXHeii apMaTYpO'H .lUi3MeTpOM Jl.O 20 MM;
6 =ao+30 l1M - ,nnH
fn8BHbIX 6aJIOK t K I(OTOpbll1 npuMblKalOT BTopOt
eneHHble 6anKH C Bepx-
HeM apMaTypOH ,ltllaMCTpOl1 60nee 20 MM.
ECJIII d 2 >20 MM, HJJH d l >20 l1
1, IlJIH (d 1 +d 2 ) >40 MM, TO B cl>op-
MYJIbi (21), (22) 1I (23) C1IeJl.YCT nO,ltCT3eJIHTb COOTBeTC'fBeHIlO d 2 , d.
BMecTO 20 UJIll d 1 +d 2 BMeCTO 40; hOTr.i BbI
l1c.J]HeTCfl C TOtJHOCTblO /.1.0
10 AIM.


J(onOJlHHTeJlbHble YKasaHHH no apMHpOBaHHIO 6aJloa
u
B MeCTax npltJlO1KeHHH cocpeAOTO'leHHOH
HarpYSKH


3.t21. B CeqeHHHX 6aJJOK, r,ne npHJlO>KeHbl cocpe,noTOqelUlbIe H8fPY3'4
KH, B TOM IlIlCJ1e B MeCTax OnHpaIJH
 MOHOJllfTHbIX BTopOCTeneHHbIX 6a-
nCK Ha r JI8BHbIe, CJIe.u;yeT npe,ll.YCMaTplfBaTb AOnOJIHIf'feJlbHOe apMHpOBa-
HHe no pnc. 92. n.nomaAb cetJeHJiB 3TOii apMaTypbl H83HaQaeTCB pac-
qeTOM.
.lI.ononHHTeJlbH3B apM8TYP8 B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT BH,na OCHOBHOii apM8-
TypbI l{OncTPyu.pyeTcH B BH,ne csapHbIx ce'fOK, OTfH6oB, llo,nBeCOK UJ1H
fll8meHHhlx XOMYTOB. npll 3TOM tJHCJ10 CBapHblX ceTOK, orfH()oB HnH nOA"
BeCOK AOJI>KHO ()blTb He MeHee ,nBYX; BepTHKaJIbllblX CTep>KHeH B Ka1KAOii
CB8pHOH ceTKe .u.OJl}I{HO OhITb He Mellee 406; OTrH6bJ HJIH nO,AOeCKlI AM-
}KHbI IfMeTb ,n1f8MeTp He MeHee 10 MM; OTorHYTble CTep>KHH AOJl1KHbJ
HMe'fb B BepXHeA 30He ropll30HT8nbHbIH npSl"tOH yqacTOK ,lI.JlHHOH He Me-
Hee 0.,8I a ..., npHlllfMaeMoH no n. 2.40 H8CfOSllltero PYKOBOACTB8 t H He Me-
Hee 20d t npHQeM ec.nll OTrlf6bI H3 rJlaAKOH apMaTypbl l 9TOT YllaCTOK
AO,,'UI{eu saKaH'lHB8TbCH KpIOKOM.


MOHonHTHbiE PAMbl


3.122. Bonpocbl KOHCTpYHpoBaHHH CToeK MOHonlfTHbIX paM OTpaHCe"
Ubi B p83Aene «I(OJIOHHbI» H8cToflw.ero PYKOBOAt
Ba.
BonpocbI KOIICTpYHpOBaHJiH plfreJleH MOHonlfTHbIX paM OTpa>KeHbI B
pas,nene «BanK"» H8cToHw.ero PYKOBOACTBa.
HaH60nee OTBeTCTBeHHOH llaCTbIO l10HOJlH'fHbJX paM flBJlHIOTCJI Y3JlbI,
B KOTOpbIX Heot5xO,D.JiMO C03.naTb npe.n.YCMOTpeHHYIO pactJeTOM 1KeCTKOCTb.
npH KOHCTPYlfPOB8HHH Y3nOB MOHonHTHblX paM, O()bI'lHO H8cbIw.eHlIblX
apMaTypoii, HY>KHO CTpeMIfTbCH K o6ecnetJeHHIO M8KCIIMaJlbHOrO YAo6cT-
sa YKJIa,ll.KH H ynnoTHeHIfH 6eTOHHOH CMeCH, K BOSMOHUIOCTIf npHMeHe-
IHIH B1I6paTopOB.
nfl y,nOOCTBa pasMew.e.lIf
 apMaTypbI B ysne IIIl-IpHHa
C£;lIeHHH CTOHKH AOJl>KH8 ObITb Ha 50-100 MM 60JIbWe WHpHHhI Ceqe..
HUB plfren
.
3.123. B Y3nax MOHOJIHTHbIX paM 3JIeMeHThI, KaK npaOHno, conpB-
ralOTC.H no,A npHMhlM yr nOM. npll 3TOM pHreJlb M01Ke1' Coe,nUHSlTbCJI C KOH'T


119




"OM CToih<J1 IiJJH B npeAeJlaX ee BblCO'fbl. BepXHHH pnre.nb paM HHor,n.a UbI"
JfO
'lnSUOT JiOMaHOro OqepTaUIIH. KOHCTPYHpOBaHHe TaKoro pnreJUI 8 30ne
Jt3J10Ma ItMeeT aeKOTOpylO cnclUffln'IKY t TaK l<aK 9TOT Y3eJI .nOJDKeH 6bfTb
JI{eCTKHM, T. e.. paMHbJ
t.
3.124. COIIpH1KeHne pl1reJ1fl no,n npHMbJM yrJIOM C I{OUllOM CTOHKH
peKOMeH)lyeTcfl BblnO",fJHSlTb no pHC. 93. CTep>KHH. apMHPYIowHe BXOAfJ"
UiJfH yrOJJ, .nO"TI>KHbJ 6bITb B3aIJMHO 3aBe.neHbJ B CMe;mHbJH 3J1eMeHT Y3J.a,
Jal{ npaBH.JIo. 6ea oTrn6aHlul. OpO,nOJIbHble pa601lHe CTep}KJlIl cToii!<H


a)

<


-
1


1-1


C-1


HH


lJ)
L
Jy
A/111 R -1 f'
81.aN
 20d)


2-2


AJ1R A-I,II-Jl


b)


He I1CHee 2f610




lIa gfl6cmHc S W

OM!/mbl C9"al4eHlfbIMWQZOM
(HoAU'Iecm60 no pac'Iemg)


P11C. 92. llQnonH11TenbHoo apMHpoBaHHe 6aJ10K B MeCTax COCpe.:IOTO'leH-
JlblX HarpY30K
Q _ CBapHbJMH (eTKBMIi; 6 - nOABeCK8NHi B - Y'law.eHH
N XOM)'TOB


120




.nOBO
JlT ]1.0 BepXa pHreJifl (C yqeTOM 381l1HTIIOrO cnOH OeToHa). HH}I{HHe'
CTep1KHU npOJleTlIOH apMa1'ypbl pHreJIJI 38BO,nJlT B CTOHKY 38 ee 13HYT'"
peHHIOIO rp8Hb Ha BeJUtIJHHYt 06ecne'lHBa10IAYlO 8HKepOBKY. flonepeQHble
CTep1KIlH (XOMYTbI) CTOHKII ,AOBO.llHT .nO Bepxa pMreJl
t a nonepe'IHble
CTep1KHH (XOMYTbI) pnrenJl -.no BllyrpeHlleH rpaHIl CTOHKH.
CTep1KHU, a pM II PYIOl1.lHe IICXO,lJJiJ.IJ.HfI yron (H8pY>I(l1ble crepiKHII),
"
ROHCTPYIfPYIOTC
 B 38BIICHMOCTU OT BeJ1HqHH .neHCTBYIOllHX B Y3J1e pac..
1leTHbiX YCllnHH H SKClleHTpHCHTeT8 npO.llOJIbHOH CIIJIbi. BepxHHe CTep}I{-
JlH onopllOH apMaTypbJ pHreJUI 38BO,AJlT B CTOHKY II B 38BIICIIMOCTIf OT KO"
JIHQeCTB8 apMaTypbl, T. e. OT paCQeT8, HX 06pblBalOT B O
HOM HJ1U B ,lJ.nyx
c€.'ieHIIJlX, npllqeM B nepBOM CeqeHHII He 60nee qeTbIpex CTep>KHeH, 80
BTOpOM Ce'ieHIIII He MeHee .nBYX CTep>l(HeH. MeCTa 06pblBa nOK83aHbi 118
pllC. 93. npH 3HatJ1ITeJ1bnOM 9KCIl.CHTpllCHTeTe Q8CTb H8pY}I{HbiX CTep1K"
lIeH CTOHKH, HO He MeHee ,lI,BYX MO>KHO nponYCTIITb B pHre."b Ha BeJfH'!HUY
Ian OT BHYTpeHHeH rpaHH CTOHI{H.
npM npHMeHeH1I1I B pl1reJle H B cToiiI{e CBapHOH 8PM3Typbl B Y3.naX
peKOMen,nyeTcH YCT8HasnllBaTb Cnell.HanbHble OnOpHble CeTKM 1I,,'1H !iapK8"
CbI no Tllny apMllpOB8HHSI onop rnaBHblX oanOK. npH HeB03M01({HOCTH
..
YCTaHOBKH CBapHOH apM8TypbI Y3eJI 8pMllpyeTcB OT,AeJlbHbIMIi CTep>KIUIMII.
3.125. ApMupoBaHlfe COnpSl>KeHIIH pllreJlH C npOMe>KYTOqHbiM celIe..
HHeM cronKH peI{OMeHAyeTCH BblnonHHTb no pllC. 94. npll 310M npO,B.Onb-
lible apMaTypHble CTep1l{HH CTOHl{H IUUKHero 3Ta>K8 cne.nyeT BbInYCK8Tb
HaJJ. nepeKpblTHeM (Ha)( pHreneM) )(nfl YCTpOHCTBa BJl3anbiX linn CB8pHblX
"
CTblKOB C apMaTypHblMll CTep1KUJlMH CTOHKH BepXHero 3Ta>l(a.
PaCTHHYTbJe BepXHHe CTep}l{HH onopHoD apM8TypbI purenH C.,'1eJIyeT
38BO,nHTb B CTOHKY Ha BeJIHIJHHY laue npll 3TOM Y3eJI KOHCTpYHpyeTCH no
pHC. 94, D, eCJIH paccToHHHe )(0 HapY>KHblX CTep}f{HeH CTOHIUi 60.'IbWe
Tpe6yeMoii .nnHHbI aHKepoBKH, HnH no pHC. 94, 6, eCJIII paccToHHHe ,lI.0
1l8PY1KHbIX CTep1KHeH CTOHKIi Menbme BeJllf1lHHbI aHKepOBKIf. B noc
J)e)-
HeM cJlyqae Ha OTorUYTble YllaCTKH CTep>KHJI ,Aon>KHbI 6bl'fb YCTaIlOBneUbl
,nonOJlHHTeJJbHble XOMYTbI C marOM He oonee 100 MM, npenJlTcTBYlOwue
pasrlI6a HHIO CTep1KHH. PeKOMeHJlyeTcJI OTrH68Tb CTep.>KHH BO BTOpOH pH.!l
110 OTHoweHHIO K HaPY1KHOA apMaT}'pe CTOHKII. ECJIII 3aBecTlI BepxilHe
crepJKHH pllreJlJI Ha Heo6xo)(HMYIO
nHHY 8HKepoBKII HeB03MO>KItO, Y3eJI
M01KHO KOHCTpy"pOBaTb no puc. 94, 8 C YCHneHHeM aHKepHon waii60n.
EcnH B onopHoM cetJeHHH pllrenH ,neAcTBYIOT 3H8KonepeMeHHble Jl3..
rn6al01l11le MOMeHTbI H CJle)(OBaTeJlbHO HHlKHHe CTep>KIUI MorYT 6bITb pac-
TJIHYTbI, ux ue06xoAHMO 38BO,nHTb B CTOHKY C 06ecne l leHHeM COOT BeT-
cTBYlOnteH ,lI,nHHbJ aHKepoBKH JlHOO YCHJ1HB8Tb 8HI<epoBKY waH60H I-Ia
KOHne.
Ecnu IIH>KHSUI C1KaTaH apMaTypa pHreJIH yqHTbIS8eTcH B paC'leTe,
TO ee CJle.nyeT 38BOAHTb 38 BHYTpenHloro rpaHb CToii..
J(lt na Be.nUqIlHY laB, KaK JlnSi C1KaTblX CTep>KHeii, B lQH
COOTBeTCTBUH C n. 2.40 HaCTOHInero PYKOBo,nCTBa.
3.126. KOHCTpyupOBaHHe nOMaHoro pllreJlH B sa-
BHCHMOCTH O'f yrna COnpSI)I(eURH BbInOnHJleTCH no
pRC. 95. .
nepeceKalOntHecH npo,nOJIbHble CTep>KHH apM8TY-
.,
p
 paCTftHYTOH 30HY CeqeHHH Bxo,nH1l1erO yrna no

.,
MaHblX pHreJleH peKoMeH,nyeTCft 3aaHKepoBaTb B C>Ka..


PUC. 93. ApMHpoBaHHe KpaHHHx BepxHHx Y3JlOB
MOIIOJIIITHbiX p8M


50 ,
t
,,
 


, ,
:t
t:f




::r:
Nt:s
, A



-U


J21




Toft 30He CeqeHIfJl. ,l{onYCKaeTCH tJaCTb 3THX CTep}f{Ueit 06PblB8Tb, He sa..
BOASt B C1K8TYIO SOHY.
a
Ha YlJaCTKe Anl/BOH s=h tg '81' He06xo)J.BMO )'cTaHaBJlHBaTb no-


tl)
Za#


A
-v
,


......,
, I


I
.
A.
¥ laH
I
h
.


0)

l7,5laH


8)
10d


. ----;;
A
V"



 ,
;

I w-->



I "
II ,,,,,," c.'>
II 1.1
_'to II .,
"-
"
/JonDbHU
Hblf XOM
Ii
r ZaH
h
..


-

1



to.,.)
n , . ,
LJ

I
-.
y laN
h


,


me.nb"
'Y mbl


PRC. 94. ApMHpOS8HHe COnpJl>KeHHH npOMe1KYTotJHoro pHrenft co CToA-
Kon
Il - B cnyqae KorA8 paCCTOjlHHe AO uapY>KHblX apMaTypHLIX CTep)I(HeA CToilKH
60JlbWe 'au; 6 - TO B<e, eCJlH paCCTOHHHe MeHbwe 'aB: B - BapH8HT YCUJleUHR
aHKepOBKH paCTHHYThIX CTep>KHel pHreJlJ1 waA60A


j <1600
5/2 5/2 1/4i
Fa, F Q2


Il}


r<t60.


Fa=Fat+Fa'l
i
 IGO'


6)


¥


PHC. 95. CXeMa apMHposaHHB yana conpSI:>KeHHJI nOM8Horo pHl'enti
a - BpS yrJle COnpJUKeIIHII. MeHbweu 1WO. 6 - TO Jlte. 60JlbWeM 1000


122




ncpe'lHYIO 8PM3TYPY nnow.8,lJ.blO CetJeHHH Fa:x He MeHee onpe,ne.neHHOH no
cpOpMYJle


Ra V
F a . x
 - (2F a . 1 + 0.7 F a2 ) ctg- ,
Ra.x 2
r;te Fat - nnOm3,Ab cetJeHH
 npo.u;o..J1bHbIX P3CTHHYTh1X CTep1KHeH, Hea8-
8HKepeHIIblx B C}I{8TOH 30JIe;
F a2 - TO }lie, 33
H-lKepeHHbIX B CJK8TOH SOlIe.
npll COnpH>KeHI1I1 SJleMeHTOB plireJISI nOMaHoro OtJepT3HIUI no,n yr..
nOM MelIbwe 160 0 He J,lOnYCK3eTCJI YKJI8JI.bIOaTb BHIISY paCTHHYTble UeJlb"
Hhle CTep>KflH, cne.u;YlOll1.lIe S8 otJepT8IIIIeM yr n3. CBepXY B C1K8TOH SOHe,
H806op01', peKOMeH,lI.yeTCJI YI{JI3
bIBaTb neJIbHbIe CTep>KHH. C'fbIKOB8Tb
C}K8Tble CTep>KflH B BepIlIl1l1e IIcxo)J.suuero yr JI8 He JI.OnYCKaeTC5-I.
[1pn COnpH>KeHHU 9JleMellTOB plireJIll .nOM8Horo OqepT31UI5-I nOl( yr-
nOM 160 0 H 60JlbWe K8K BepxHHe, Tal< H HH}KJllle cTep}J{HH IvtOrYT t>blTb
Ue4.1JbHblMH II cne.n.OB8Tb 33 OtiepT8HHeM yrll"13.


un HTbl


3.127. n.nHTaMIi CqHTalOTCH
HsrHo8eMble KOHCTPYKIJ.HH OTHO"
CHTeJIbHO He60nbIlIOH TOnll(HHbT H
cpaBHHTeJIbHO OOJ1blIII1X p8SMepOB
B MaHe, npeJI.H8SH8'leHHbIe, KaK
np8BHJlO.
JlH BOCnpllJlTfIH p8C-
npe;teneHHOH no nnOLU8AH nnHTW
HarpY3KH.
B np8KTHI{e npoeKTHpOB8HHSI
1KMes06eTOHHbIX KOHCTPYKI(ltH B
OCHOBHOM BCTp ell 8 I01'CJI nnHTbI
fiaJIOqHble, onepTble no KOHTYPY,
" KOHconbllhle. Hx BbInOJIHHIOT
oJJ;nonpOneTl-ILlMIi 11J111 M Horonpo-
ReTHbIMH Hepaspe3HblMII, apll'JeM
()HH MorYT 6blTb CB060J,lHO onep'"
ThIMH HJIH 3aw.eMJIeHHbIMIi fla
onop3X.
B8J10tJ HbUAIf H33bIBalOTCH
npOTJI}I{eUHble nJlUTbI C COOTHO-
weHlfeM CTOpOH nJIIITbl 60..J1ee
JI.BYX npll 06
S3TeJIbHOM onHpa..
HUH no npOTHBOn0J10}KHbIM CTO..
pOH8M.
OnepTblM.JI no KOHTYPY H83bl"
B810TCH nnHTbI, onHp8JOlUHecn no
.ABYM CMeJKHbIM, no TpeM IIJ1Ii no
qeTbIpeM CTOpOH3M H HMelOlUHe
COOTHoweHHe CTOpOH 2 H MeHe

I<oHCOJIbHbIMH nnHT3MH Ha..
3bIBaIOl'CH nnHTbI, 33AeJI811Hble c
OAHOH CTOpOHbI B cTeHY HnH B
.nPyrYIO KOHCTPYKUHIO IInH npeA"
CT3BJUIIOlltHe c060ii qaCTb OAHO"
DJIH MHoronponeTHoii nJIHTbI, CBe...
aIIIBalOw.YIOCH 33 I<paHHlOIO onopy.



-,r-'r-'r-'r-
r-

I II II II II II I
I II II II II II I
II II II II II I
: 11,11 II II II I
L_JL_JL_JL_
L_
L_J
1. t 1


r-,r ,r -,r--.,
I II II II I
L__..JL__..JL__JL_ .J
j l .J


r--,r lr--,r--,
I II II II I
L__JL__.JL _JL__-'
1


It==----====JI
1 z 1


(24)






w-


rn,
w

j
W
tJ ;I
W


p

 -------- -


.................-.....-------....-
.........
..a
====.
=.===
! l 1 W


I ---
 -i
------- - --
.........
......-.
.........

--.........

..............

-----

-

-
........---.--.--...,
----..
......
--------.-.-.


-.-,.....
-...........,.,--------.--.

------.
.-.---
--...---. -----
J l I j


PRC. 96. npllMepbl KOIICTPYKJJ.1l1i
C60pHblX nnUT


123




nnHTbl BbinOnHJ110T C60PllblMH Ii MOHonIfTHblMIi. II OHH MorYT OblTb

:ceMeIITaMIl nOKpblTIIA. nepelcpblTuii. nJIIfTHbIX cj)YH)1aMeliTOB, 'noADOpHhtK
creH UJlII JIpyrHx KOHCTPYKUIIH II KOtlCTPYlIPYJOTCR r JI31lKHMH HJJH BMecTe
c ()anK8MH (pe6P8MH) COOTBeTCTBYJOlJ.{llX KOHCTPYKJJ.Hii.
C60pHbIe nnUTbI MorYT npUMeHHTbCR Jl.JIR rex me KOHCTPYKTHBllLut
9]jeMeHTOB Ii BbInOJlHJlTbCR rn8.lU<HMH Hnll BMeCTe c pe6paMH. YK8S8HHB
no KOHCTpyupOBaHHIO pe6cp pe6pHCTblX C60PllblX H MOHOJIHTlibIK nnllT
npHBeJteHbl B pa3,neJIe KOHCTPYHPOB8HliH 6aJlOK HaCTOHllterO PYKO"
BOllCTBa.
npllMepbl KonCTpYI
IIi1 C60PHblX n..1JHT C pe6paMH npHBe)1eHLl lIa
p11C. 96. npHMepbl KOHCTpYKIU.di MOHOJIHTHblX n..'IHT npHBe.lleHbl B HaCTOR"
CleM p33JteJIe.
3.128. TOJIlI{HHa MOnOJIUTHblX nnUT .llOJl}KHa Ua3HaQ8TbCR B COOTBeT-
C'fBIUI C u. 3.1 IIBCTOJllJ.{ero PYI<OBoJJ.cTBa II npHHIfMaTLCR lie MeHee:
40 MM - .nnR nOKpblTHU;
50 MM -- .nJUI Me>K.l{Y3T3>KUblX nepeKpblTuH >KItJlbJX H oOl1teCTBeuHblx
s,rta IJIf H:
60 MM - .nnfl MeiK
Y3Ta}(HbfX nepelpbl'rUR npolf3BOJtCTBelUlbiK
3;annii.


Ta6JIH
8 30


Xap(1I.repJlCTU
a II.nHrCbl


T0J1ll11Ha S81lHTHOrO eno" 6eTOJJa D" B tJJIHT3X
AJ1S1 paoo'leii apMttTYPJ,I I AJUJ pa('npeAeJ1HTe.nbIIOA
lt ll 8Me TpoM d.. a pM8TYpbl AH8MeTpoM d



C60pHbJe IJJJH1'!,l 113 C5eTo-
u
H8 npoeKTHoH MapKH Me-
Hee M250 Ii MOHonHTHble
I1JIHTbJ 1Ie38BJlCHMO OT
MapKI-f 6eToHB
TOJIIUliHOi't, MM:
,L1o I 00 BKJIIOt{"T
1b-
HO
60Jlee 100 !to 250
250 II 60JIee
C60pHble DJU)Tbl 1-13 TfI-
:ileJlOrO 6eTOHa npOelT-
110fl Mapl.ai M250 II 60JIce
TOJIll1.I1HOfl. MM:
Jl.O 100 BKJlIO'lIlTeJ1b-
110
6o
ee too .no 250
250 H 60nee


10AIM<ao
di
15 MM
a6
di
J5MM
ao
dl


10 NM<a6
d2
10
1M<a6
'

15 MM<afj
d



10 MM
a(» (d.-5)
15 MM<a()
(dl-5)
15 MM
a():.?: (d.-5)


10 MM

a()
 (d 2 -5) ..
10 MM<a6
(d2-5)
15 MM<at)
(d2-5)


n p II M e 'l a H If e. B COOpHblX fiJIHT3X 113 Tfl.H{eJIOrO 6eTOH8 npOC({Ii'-
HOM M8PKH M250 II 60JlCC, H3rO'fOBJIJleMbiX Ha 33BOA8X B MeTaJI.,1HQe..
CKHX I»OpM3X If S3InHiltaeMblX cBepxy (0 CoopY1xeUHfI) 6eTOJlHOH no,l."
rOTOBKOU "JUt CTJlJKKOii, D.OnYCKaeTCH AnR Bepxneil apMaTypbJ npHIUt..
MaTb TOJ1llUiH}' S81nHTlloro CJlOH Be MeHee 5 MM.


124




MHHHMa.,'IbHafJ . TonllUflla C60pHblX nnHT JlOnJKHa onpeJ(eJUITbCH 113
}:CJlOBHii ooeCneqeHHH TpeoyeMbIx TOJlllUUI 3aw.HTHbIX cnoeB oeTOH8 11 yc..
JlOBfIH pacnon01KeHHJI apMaTypbl no TonllUfHe nnHTbI.
TOJIW.HHbI MOHOnUTHbJX MHT h, MM, peKOMeH.nyeTcSI npUHIIMaTb 40

50 60, 70, 80, 100, 120, 140, 160, 1
0, 200, 250, 300, AaJlee KpaTltO ]00.
. t 3.129. TonmHHa oeToHHoro 3anUfTHoro cnOfl AJUI pa60qeH apMaTypbl
nJlHT, H.axOAJlW.HXC
 B 06blqIlblX YCJ10BHJlX 3KCnJIyaT a llHIf_ AOn>Klta y.u.OB-
neTBOpJlTb Tpc60BaHHJlM nn. 3.3; 3.4; 3.5; 3.6 H npuHHMaTbCH no Ta6JI. 30
HaCTOflwero PYKOBo,ncTBa.
KOIUlbI npo,nonbltbIX pa60Qlfx CTep>KHeii, He npHBapHBaeMbIX K 3H-
KepYlOlllHM AeTa
'1f£M, ,nOJI>KHbI OTCTOJlTb OT Topua nnHTbI Ha paCC'IOH-
HUU He MCHee:
10 MM - ,n,,'UI C60pHhlX MHT nepel<pbITuA U C1'eltOBhIX n8Heneii npo..
JleTOM JJ.O ] 2 M BKJ1IOtlIlTeJIbHO;
15 MM - J1nJl MOHOJ1HTHhlX nnUT )J.J1HHOii ,no 6 M BKJJIOqUTenbHO;
20 MM - AJiH MOHonHTHbIX nnHT ,nnHHoH 60nee 6 M.
3.130. IlJIHTbI, KaI{ npaBuno, ,nOJl>KHbI apMlfpoBaTbcH CBapHbJMU CCT-
J<aMH.
BJl3aHYIO apMaTYPY ,llOnycKaeTcSI npHMeHHTb AnH cpaBHHTeJIbHO ne-
60nbuulx MOHonHTHbiX yqaCTI{OB C60pHbIX nepeKpbITHii H MOHOJUfTHbiX
IIJIHT C 60JlbWlfM qUC,,10M HeynopH
OqellHblX oTBepcTHii, a TalOKe B c.1JY-
qaJlX, KorAa npHMeHeHHe cBapHoii apMaTypbl He AonYCKaeTCH no YCJlO-
BHJlM 9KCnJJyaTaIlHH cor.'IaCHO npuJI. 2.
. _ v
,Q1f8MeTp pa60l1HX CTep1KHeH CBapltOH apMaTypbl nnHT peKOMeH.LJ.Y-
eTCH npHHHMaTb He Meltee 3 MM, a 8H3aHoii - He MeHee 6 MM.
3.131. PaCCTOaltHH MemAY OCHMH CTep>KHeii pa60qeii apMaTypbl 8
cpeAHeii qaCTH nposJIeTa nJlHTbI (BHIf3Y) H Ha,ll onopOH (B Bepxy MHoro-
npOJJeTHbiX nJJHT) )J.OJI>KHbf 6blTb lie 60nee: 200 MM - npH TMWHHe n.!Ui-
TbJ h< 150 MM; 1,5h - npH TOnl1HHe fiJIIfTbi h
 150 MM.
PaCCTOHHHH Me>KAY CTep1KHHMIf, AOBOAHMblMH JlO onopbl nnHTbI, Be
AOJI>KHbI npeBhIwaTb 400 MM, npHQeM nJlOl1a,lJ.b CeQeHHJI 3THX CTep1KUeU
Ita OAIII! MeTp WHpHHbl nnHThI Aon1Klla COCTaBJIHTb He MeHee I/S nnOllla..
AM CeqeHIfH CTep}KHeH B nponeTe, onpeAeJleHHOH paCqeTOM no HaH60.ilb-
weMY H3rnC5alomeMY MOMeIiTY.
3.132. nJJOwa)J.b CeQeHHH paOOqeH apMal'ypbJ nJIUT onpeAeJlJleTCJI
paCqeTOM H ,llOn1KHa y,noBneTBOpJlTb TpeC5oBaHH5IM n. 3.8 HaC1:0aUJ.cro
PYKOBoAcTBa. ,QHaMeTp If war CTep1KHeH 3TOii apll1aTypbI M01KHO no){-
6HpaTb no Ta6JI. 31.
n-.'10w.a)J.b CeQeHHJI pacnpeJteJJHTeJlbHOH apM8Typbl B 6aJIOllHhlX n,,1H"
Tax JJ.on>KHa COCTaBnHTb He MeHee 10 % nJIOl18JUI CeQeHHR pa60IJeH ap-
,MaTypbI B MeCTe Hau60J1bWerO 1f3rHoalOwero MOMeHT8. ,QHaMeTp U mar
CTep>KHeii 9TOA apMaTypbl B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT AHaMeTpa If wara CTepJKUCH
paooqeA apMaTypbl peKoMeHAyeTcH 1183HaqaTb no Ta6n. 32.
8.133. BaJJ()QltbIe MOHOJJHTHbfe MHTbI, apMHpoBaHHbIe CB8pHbll1U
ceTKaMH, peKoMeH,nyeTcfl KOHCTpYHpoBaTb no pHC. 97, 98.
nponeTHYIO apMaTYPY nnHT WHPUHOH AO 3 M If .llJlIfHoii ,no 6 M pe-
KOMeHAyeTcH KOIICTpYHpoBaTb B BHAe nJJocKoii IleJIbHOA cBapHoH CeTI{If?
nonepeqlthle CTep1KHH KOTOpoii RBnHIOTCR pa60QeH apMaTypoii fiJIIiTLl
(pHC. 97, a).
npH ,nHaMeTpe pa60QeA apMaTypbl 60
JIee 10 MM MO>KltO apMHpoBaTh
DJJHTY nnOCKHMH Y3KlfMH cBapHblMIf YIIH<1>UlI.HpOBaHHbIMH ceTKaMU. .ll.JJII-
Ha TaKHX ceTOK ,non>KHa COOTBeTCTBOBaTb IUHpHHe DJUfTbI, KOTopaH B
9TOM cJJyqae MO)Ke'f 6b1Tb H 60JJee Tpex MeTp08. npOAonbHbIe cTep>KIHI
9THX ceTOK HBJIJlIOTCH paooqeii apMaTypoA nJJUThI, a nOnepeqHhle - pac-
npeAMHTeJlbHOH, CThIKyeMoH B nnHTe BHaxnecTKY 6e3 cBapKH (CM. n. 2.52
125





 I"-






 C't I"- It)
.. .. -- .. .. ft

0') 0'>

 (J) cD
 C'f

 ('V) C':)
 ..... .....
 .....
,..... -
 $


 0
 C':)
 U')
.. .. ... .. .. .,.. ..
00 0 l(') C> to
 0 m
('t)

 .... ..... ..... -"

 C':)
 .... cD I"- .....


 ..... l"- I!)
 0'>

 .. .. .. .. ... ... ..

-'"' I..C 0 l(')
 0 00 t-.
C':) C'I
 ..... ..... .....
LQ <!:> <0
 00 00 l- e!>
00
 ro C> I- --'
 C'I CW')
... ... .. .. ... ..
 ..
.... l(') 0 <0
 0 00 I- cD


 ..... -- .....
..... 00


 s

 0
 I'- I-
 ... .. ... .. .,.. .. .,.. .,..
-'" 0 <0
 0 00 <.0 a/) 

 .-4 .... .....
(j) - cD 0') to


('t)

 CD' ..... .... U)

 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ...
...... t.O
 0 I- <0 It:)


..... ... ......
..... l':I
 ti3
 t:: ('t)

C't CQ 0 10 IJ:> C'i
.. ...
 .. -- ... .. ..
...... ...... 0'> I- 10
 C':)
 C'i
.....

 00 C':) ('t)
 .....


0
 C'I Q) -- <0

...... .. .. e- .. .. .. .. ...
r- CO IJ:> C':) M

 .....


 IJ:> .....


 to
CO 0 C':) Uj 0


.. ... ... .. .. .. .. ..
tl)

 c.I
 - ..... .....

 c.t:J m ,..... C'f.)
 --' ......
(C

 ..... <:r> 00 t-.
.. ... .. .. .. .... .. -0:
C'1
 ..... .... ...... 0 0 0
CO I'- ..... 00 0') to (l>

I/) Q) IJ:> C'f.) C> I- (0 IJ:>

.. .. ... .. .. .. ... ...
...... .... .... 0 0 0 0 0
<0

 CO) C't e!>



 0 <C l(')
 C':)
.. .. - ... .. .. .. ..
..... ..... 0 0 0 0 0 0
- l- I'- 1.0 00 C':) 00

 I- l(')
 C")


 .....
.. ... .. .. .. .. .. ..
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
.


:&
G) 8 I!) 0 8 0 0 0

I-! ·
u-=
 I!) tn 0

<t> ..... ..... ..-4

 M
t;jD:
aiE


.....




::r
:s:
t:;


 I
f:-a ae=


:IE
Po


0
C!)
P-
I-!
(I)


:z:
r:(
=
C.
t:
..
Cf


:i


:!


:s:
0.
=
a


-
(U
II:
!


t


t7
Ie
.oa
GI
t
<J
0
:
D"
8-


8
;
g
a


126




Ta()nHlta 32


-.


)1.H8MeTp
cTepJKHeA
pa(SoqeA
apM8TYPhl,
MM


,l).H8MeTP It war, MM, CTep>KHeA pacnpeAenltTeJlbHoA apMaTypbl
&JtlHblX nnnT npH mare CTep>KHeR pa()o'leD apM8Typbl, MM


100


125


150


200


250


300


.
3 3 3 3 3 3
3-4 - - - - - -
400 400 400 400 400 400
3 3 3 3 3 3
5 - - - - - -
350 350 350 350 400 400
4 4 3 3 3 3
6 - - - - - -
350 350 350 350 400 400
5 5 4 4 3 3
8 - - - - - -
350 350 350 350 350 400
6 6 5 5 5 5
10 - - - - - -
350 350 350 350 350 350
6 6 6 6 6 6
12 - - - - - -
250 300 350 350 350 350
8 8 8 6 6 6
14 - - - - - -
300 350 350 300 350 350
8 8 8 8 8 8
16 - - - - - -
250 300 350 350 350 350
10 10 10 8 8 8
18 - - - - - -
300 350 350 350 350 350
10 10 10 10 10 10
20 - -...- - - -
200 250 300 350 350 350
22 12 12 10 10 10 10
- - - - - -
250 300 300 350 350 350
25 14 10 8 8 8 8
- - - - - -
300 200 150 200 250 I 300


n p H M e Q'8 H He. HaJ1 qepTOH YKa3aJ) J1H3MeTp CTep1KHeH pacnpe.
Jl.MIJTenbHOii apMaTyphi t a no,Lt qepTOH - IlX mar.


12





fl3CTORU(ero PYKOBO,l1CTSa). Ha,l10nOpHaH apM81'ypa tlepaSpe311bIX DJJHT
II01KeT KOIICTPYHponaTbCH no pHC. 97, 8 n BIIJ1e J1BYX, co CAOIi>KKOii, ce..

OK (pAC.. 98 1 8) IfJIU o.nnoA (pRC. 98, e) CeTKI-t C nonepeqliblMH pa6o'JHMH
CTep>KHHMlI, YKJla
bIBaeMblX 8
OJIb onop. 3TH H8J10nOpUbie ceTKH MorYT
6b1Tb PY JIOHHblMH.
MHOrOnpOJIeTHble 6aJloqHble MOHonHTHble nJIIf1'bI 1'OJIlU.HHOA /1.0
100 MM C pa60Qen apM8Typoii CpeJ1HHX npOJleTOB H onop J1Ha
'eTpOM .no
7 MM peKOMeHJ1ye1'CfI apMllpoBaTb COapHbTMI1 PYJJOHHb1MH THnOBblMH ceT.


a} t z. f




: fr- ---- l r
....
 ______dllb__
n=------I1JF--

 Ef) I "
16______::81.1:__
IF n=--


0)
!


'L












t--..J


8)



r
Nt


PIIC. 97. CxeMa apMHpoB8HIUI
!OHOJJHTHblX OaJlO(IUbIX nJIHT cBapnblMJI
ceTKaMII (nJJaHhl)
a - np0J1e1'lt3S1 apM&1'ypa B BRAe l.enbHblX coapHWX ceTOK c ItOllepe'UlbUUJ pauo-
..8MB CTep)l(fulJ.fH; 6 - TO >Ke. 8 8H,I1f: Y3KHX CBapHblX ceTOK c npoAonbllbJ)Ui pa.
()O'iHMH CTepilUtHMH; 8 - nnall H8.n.onopHoD apMa.rYPbl


128




1{8MH C npOAOJ1bHOH pa60qeA apMaTypOH no pRC. 99. PYJ10Hbl npH 9TOM
paCKaTblBalOl'CH nonepeK BTopOCTenellltblX 6aJ10K, a nonepeqlIbie Crep>KHH
.. 0
ceTOK, SlBJlHlOlUHeCH pacnpeJ1eJlItTeJlbHOH apMaTYPOH .nnHTbI, CThlKYIOTCJI
Bf!axnecTKY 6ea CBapKH. B KpaHHRX nponeTax R H8 nepBblX npOMeJl<Y-
roqHblX onopax, rJ1e 06b1qHO Tpe6yeTcSI J10nonHHTeJlbHaH apM3Typa, ua
OCHOBHYIO ceTKY YKJla,ll.blBaeTCsi .nononHRTeJIbHaSi CeTKa (puc. 99), KO'fO-
u
paH 3aBo,nHTCH sa nepBYIO npOMe>KyrOqHYIO onopy BO BTOpOH npOJleT


UlaN 1


1/' r1 0

. . J


8.1 1/4 lo
,






I


aJ






lo


lo


J


la


6)



)


b
h


15(d1!:10MMI
(5d ld>10MM)
10d
10


15-20


15-20


Zo


lo


I'uc. 98. ApMHpoBaHHe onop nnUT C

pHbIMH ceTKaMH (pa3pe3b1 B pa6o-
qeM HanpaBneHHH)
Q - KpaAHfUI onopa nJIHThI, t.10HOJlHTHO C8HaaHH8J1 C 1Ke.nesOOeTOHHOA (5anKoA;
6 - KpaAHsul onopa nnHT!:d Ha I<HpnHQlloR CTelle; S, 2 - Cpe,Zl.HHSI ODopa DnHTbI,
MOHonHTHO CBHsaHHaH C )Keneso6eToHfloA (5aJIKoA, c HaJtODopHOA apt.laTypoA us
ASYX p8SJtBHHYTHIX ceTOK H H3 OAHOA CeTl<H


lIa 1/4 npOJIeTa nJIHl'bI. BMeCTO J10nOnHHTeJlbHOH CeTKH B03MO>KHa YKJlajt-
Ia OT,nCJlbHblX CTep>KHeH, npHBB3b1BaeMblX K OCHOBHOH CeTKe.
3.134. nJIRTbI, onepTble no KOHTYPY, peKoMeHJ1yeTcH apMHpOBaTh
cBapHblMH CeT({aMU. npu 9TOM nnUTbl, HMelOlUHe paSMepbl He ()OJ1ee
6X3 M, AonYCKaerCH apMRpoBaTb B np0.,1eTe O,nHOH UeJlbHOA cBapHoH CCT...
10 C pa60qeH apMaTYPoH B 060HX HanpaBneHHHx. npH 60nbmOM 'IRCJle
O.nItHaKOBbIX nJIHT C MeHbWHM npOJIeTOM 2,5-3 M ,nnSi 9KOHOMHit apMa-
TYPHOH CTanH peKOMeH,lI.yeTcSI YMeHbwaTb KOJ1HQecTBO CTep>KHeii Ha Kpaii-
HHX nOJlocax nJ1HTbI npOTRB CpeJ1HHX. B 9TOM cnyqae nJ1HT8 M01KeT_apMH-
pOBaThCH OAHOH uenbHOH nnOCKOH CB8pHOH CeIXOH C KOJ1HQeCTBOM ap-
MaTypbI, KOTOpoe Tpe6YeTCH Ha KpaHHeii nOJloce, a Ha cpeAHeM YQ8CTKe
DJlHThi YKJIa,nbIBaeTCSI ,nonOJJHHTMbHaH CeTK8 (pHC. 1(0). IlIHpRHa KpaH"
Heft nOJlOCbI 'I( onpe,nenHeTCH paCQeTOM.
npH HeneJIecOOOpaSHOCTU apMHpOBaHHH MHTbl ueJlbHbIMH C8apHblMH
C€TKaMIt AonYCKaeTCH KOHCTpYRpOBaTb apMaTYPY U3 YSKHX CBapuwx YHIf-


9-661


129




a)


1
.,


{t.lHt 1/4 10 l'


t 1 / 4l0 1


1


lo


Zo


0)


.::1


PHC. 99. HenpepblBHoe BpMllpoBaHHe MOHOJ1HTHLIX HepaSpe3H.bIX nJ1HT
cBapHLlMlf PYJ10HHbIMH ceTKBMU
a - nnaH H paspe3bJ DJJHTbJ. Onep'lOH DB >KeJle306eTOHHbte t)anKu; 6 - ,neTa"Yfh
onHpaHHR nnHTW Ha KHpnHqHYW CTeHY


c»HIUlpOBaHHLlX CeTOK C npO
OJ1bHOH pa60qeH BpMBTypoit CeTKH YKJ13ltbl"
B3101'CH B
pOJIe'l'e B .lIB8 CJIOSI 80 B3BUMHO nepneH.lUiKYJlSlpHbIX Hanp3BJIe-
HHHX (pHC. 101). npH 3TOM ceTKH C 60JIee KOpOTKIIMH pa60QHMH CTep)f{-
HHMH (pHC. 101, "03. 2) YKJlB.n.bIB8IOTCH 8 HU>KHHA' cnoit. MOHTB>KHbIe
CTep>KHH CeTOK Ka)l{,lI,Oro CJ10H KJ1a,nYTCH BnpHThIK H He CTLlKYIOTCSI, "PH"
QeM B CeTK3X HH>KHerO CJIOSI OHH )J.OR}KHLI 6bI1'b CHU3Y, B 3a
HTHOM CJ10e
pa6oQci 8PMBTypbI) a 8 ceTK3X 8epXHero C,JIOH - cBepxy.


130




Ha:nonopHaH apM8Typa onepTbiX no KOHTYPY Hepaspe3HbIX MHO"
ronpOJIeTHblX nnHT (pnc. 101,6) C nnOCKHMH ceTKaMH B npOJleTaX KOB-
CTpYHpyeTcSI aHanorHqHO Ha,nonopHoH apM8Type 6anOQHblX DJIHT no
pnc. 98.
MHOrOnpOJleTHble Hepaspe3Hble, onepTble no KOHTYPY IlJIHTbI, pac-
CllHTaHHbIe Ha paBHoMepHo pacnpeD.eJIeHHYIO HarpysKY C pa60tJeii apM8-
TYpO" ,lI,HaMeTpOM .no 7 MM, MO)KHO apMHpoBaTb THnOBbIMH pynoHHblMH


I.


I ,. t
II' '
JI
__J.L_ _____..-_J.L_. ...
"-- --- If
 - - _......:. - - - --':1 .......

-............ I
"T' - -..
I I
" 1.1 .1 " . Ca
I I I N

.J-- I
,
..- I : I

__-_: L_- ..-..
__J H::__ ----..
--"'
- --_.:..... ---,.r--
t , I I
,. . .
ll< ,. ll(
l,


7


PHC.. 100. CxeMa apMHpoBaHHSI npOJleTa nnHTbl, onepToA no KOHTYPY,
neJIbHbIMH cBapHblMH ceTKaMIi
1 - OCHOBH8ft ceTK8; 2 - ,ltOnOJlHHTeJIhH8R CeTK8


C€TK3MH C npo.nOJ1bHbIMH pa601lHMH CTep>KHHMH (pHC. 102). ,.QJ1H 9Toro
flJIHTY CJle.nyeT pa36uTb Ha TPH nOJIOCbI B Ka>K.nOM HanpaBJIeHHH: ,nBe
KpaHHJ1e no 1/4 MeHbllJerO nponera Ii cpeAHIOIO. PynoHbI B npOJ1eTaX
}'Kna,ll,blB3IOTCfl B ABa CJlOSl, paCKaTblBaeMblX BO B3CiHMHO nepneHAHKY'"
nflpHOM H3npaBneHHH TOJ1bKO no Cpe,ll,HHM nOJIOCaM nJIHT (puc.. 102, a).
Ha.n.onopH3S1 apM3rypa yrnOB nJ1HTbl B 9TOM CJlytI3e MO>KeT KOHCTpYHPO-
BaTbCH B BRAe KB3.npaTHblX nJ10CKHX ceTOK C pa60QllMii CTep>KHSlMH B
o60ux HanpaBJ1eHHflX. 3TH ceTKH YKJ1a.nblBaIOTCH Ha nepeCeqeHHH pe6ep
liJ1DT, npHqeM CTep>KHH MorYT 6b1Tb napanJ1enbHbI pe6paM HJ1H YKna.lbI"
B8TbCfl no.n yrJIOM 45° K HHM (pHC. 102,6).
3.135. BH3aHYIO apMaTYPY MOHOJlHTHblX nJlUT TOJ1InHHOH 120 MM H
MeHbIlIe peKoMell.nyercH KOHCTpYHpoBaTb no puc.. 103 6es OTrH60B H ,lI.0-
BO,lI.HTb .no onop Bce nponeTHbIe HU>KHHe CTep>fHH, a Ha,n onopaMH YCTa-
HaonHBaTb CBOIO apMa1'YPY (n03. I, 2 pHC. 103), TaK Ha3b1BaeMOe pas-
Jle..'JbHoe apMHpoBaHHe. npH 9TOM HH>KHHe npOJ1eTHble pa60qHe CTep>KHH
Hepa3pe3Hblx nnHT peKoMeH.nyeTcH KOHCTpYHpoBaTb CKB03HblMH, npo-
nYCKas HX Qepe3 HeCKOJ1bKO onop, a B KpaHHHx npOJleTaX, npH Heo6xo-
,lI.UMOCTH no paCqeTY, YCTaH8BJ1HBaIOT .a.ononHHTeJ1bHble CTep>KHH (nos. 4
pRC. 103).
Ha.n.onopHyro apMaTYPY B Hepa60tJeM HanpaBJleHHH cne.nYeT YCTa..
HaBJ1UB8Tb KOHCTpYKTRBHO B KOJ1HtJeCTBe He MeDea Va CeqeHUB pa60qeH
apMaTypbl B nponeTe.
B nnUTax 60J1bWHX TonInHH B l{enHX 9KOHOMHH apM8Typbl qaCT&
npOJIeTHbIX CTep>KlIeH peKOMeHJtyeTcH 01'rn()aT& Ha OnOpbJ (TaK Ha3b1B8-


9*


131




eMoe HenpepblBHoe apMHpOBaHHe). CTep1KHH OTrH6alOT nOA yrJloM 30 0 B
nnHTax Ton
HHoii /1..0 150 MM H no,n yrnoM 45 0 B nnHTax TOJl11.HHOA
160 MM H 60JIee. OTrH6b1 B nnHTax npH HenpepLlBHoM apMHpoBaHHH KO}J-
CTPYHpYIOT no pHC. 104.
ApMHpoBaHBe onop MOHOJJHTHbIX nJlHT OTJ1eJ1bHhIl..fH cTep>KHflMII np"
pa3Hblx onopHbIx ycnoBHSlx ,naHO Ha pHC. 105 9 106, 107.
'!)


c)


l,


PIIC. 101. Cxe
la apMBpoBaHHSI UJ1HTbI, onepToH no KOHTYPY. Y3KIlMH
cBapHblMH ceTKaMH
a - npoJleTHble ce1KH; 6 - Ha,nonopHble ceTKH


3.136. BH3aHYIO apIfaTYPY DJ1HT, onepTblx no KOHTYPY, pel(OMeHAY-
e1CH KOHCTpYHpOBaTb Tal{ >Ke, KaK If BSI3aHYIO apMaTYPY 6anOIJHbIX unliT.
npli 3TOM ,nnH 9KOHOMHH apMaTypHOii CTaJIH nnHTY M01KHO pa36HTh Ita
TpH nOJIOCbl B Ka1K,ltOM HanpaB.neHHH - ,nBe KpaHHHe WHpHHOA DO ".
MeHbtIIerO nponeT8 H cpe,nHIOIO. B KpaHHHX nOJIocax nno
a.nb CeqeHHSI
apMaTYPLl MO>KeT 6blTb YlYreHbWeHa BABoe npOTIIB napanneJlbHOH HM

pe.nHeii nonOCbl, HO He Melfee Tpex CTep1KHeA Ha OAHH MeTp. CTep1KHH
B HanpaBJIeHIIH KOpOTKOH CTOpOHbI )'KnaJl.bIBa!01CH BHH3Y9 Ha.nonopHBH
pa60QaH apMaTypa YCTaHaBnHBaeTCH no BeeR AnHHe_RWKAoH CTOpOH

nnHTbl paBHoMcpHO.


132




Q)


1/" It


1/'1 Z,


- -
t; - -
N



 -
I f I I
I I I I tI
- N
-
1.' I.,
I I I- I










OJ


II
 2l


PDC. 102. .CxeMa ap
IHpOBaHHH nJIHTbl, onepTou' no KOHTYPY, cBapHbIMH
PYJ10HHbIMH ceTKaMH
a - DpOJleTH8H H cpeAHSUI 118AODopl-!aS1
pMaTYP8; 6 - H3JJ.onopH8a apMaTyp8 yr-
JlOB nnHTbl


t
3




3.137. Ha KpaAHHx onop8x nnHT, MOHOnHTHO CBHS8HHbIX C meJIe30-
6eToHHbIMH nporoH8MH, H8J10nopHyJO paCqeTHyIO apMaTYPY cJIeJ1YeT sa..
.l{eJIblBaTb B nporoH Ha rny6HHY aHKepOBKH, npHHDM8eMYIO B COOTBeTCT-
BHH C n. 2.40 HaCTosnnero PYKOB0J1CTB8.
Ha Kp8HHHX CB06oJ1HbIX ODOp8X DJIHT npOJleTHYIO apM8TYPY CneJ1yeT
SaBOJ1HTb sa rpaHb onopbl B COOTBeTCTBHIt C n. 2.42 HaCTOJlw.ero PYKO-
BOACTBa.


1


C;:)
2
co








6


6000


PHC. 103. P8SJ1eJIbHOe apMHpOS8HHe MOHonHTHblX OanO'lHblX MDT OT-
J1enbHbIMH CTep1KHftMH (
R3aHOii apM8TypOH)
1, 2 - Ha,lJ.OnOpHaa apMaTypa B pa(ioqeM HanpaaneHUU; 3, 4 - nponeTHaSi apMa-
t'ypa B paeso.IeM HanpaaneHHU; 5. 6 - Ra,uonopHaSi apMaTypa B Hepa()O'leM Ra-
DpaaneHHB


3.138. KOHCOJJbHble DJlHTH np" BbIJleTe KOHCOJIH ]J.O OJ1HorO Merpa
npHHHM810TCH nOCTOHHHOH TOnIUHHIJI. a npH BhIJ1eTe oonee O,nHoro MeTP8
CeqeHHe DJ1HThi KOHCOJJH M01KeT 6h1Tb nepeMeHHbIM: Ha CB06o.nHOM KOHne
KOHconH - He MeHee 50 MM, a B MeCTe S8J1eJ1KH - no paC'leTY.
fny6HH8 S8J1enKH KOHCOJJbHOH nnHTN B CTeHY Ha3Ha'l8eTC
 no pac-
tzeTY H npH BpeMeHHoH H8rpYSKe 11.0 400 Krc/M 2 AOJUKHa 6bITb He MeHee:
250 MM - npH BbIneTe KOHconH ,110 600 MM;
380 MM -npH BblneTe KOHCOJIH 600-1000 MM.
npH BbIneTe KOHCOJJH 60nee 1000 MM HJIH npH 60nbIlIHX HarpYSKax
He06xo11.HMO npe11.ycMaTpHBaTb cneuHanbH
e MeponpHHTHH no aHKepoB-
Ke KOHconH B CTeHe.
8.139. KOHcMbHble DJlHTbl apMHpYIOT, KaK npaBllno, TonbKO BepxHeii
apM8Typoii. KOHCOJIH, npeACTaBJIHIOInHe C060H 'l8CTb OJ1HO- linH MHoro-
nponeTHoA nJUfTbI, apMHpYIOTCR BMeCTe C nOCJIe,ll.HHMH H TOH >Ke 8pMa-
TYPOR - CeTKaMH IInli OTJ1eJlbHbIMH CTep*HHMH.


la4




OpH apMHpOSaHUH KOHCOJJbHblX nnHT, ItMelOInHX Bbf.neT oonee
1000 MM, ,aon)iCK8eTcH (eCJJH 3TO p a n UO H8JJbHO C TO'lKII 3peHIIJI YHH$H"
KaUHH n03HnH" H ceToK) nonoBuHY pa60llux CTep>KHeli o6pbloaTb H8 no-
nOBHHe BhIJIeTa KOlICOJIH.


a) f/IJ l4
1/6 ll1


lq --1
 lo .


}-" J


I
1 (}
'- ./


"


/2


6)


1/'" l4 t/LJ lo
r t 1/6 to }
 1/6 to f r
, ./ " I t
to
 lo
.-- 3


+


f

/


"


/2


6)


e)


r 10


PRe. t 04. I-IenpepblBHoe 8pMHpCJB8HHe MOHOJJHTHLIX nJIUT OT.nenbHblMH
crep>KHHMH (BH33HOM 8PM8TYPhI)
a - CpeJl.HJUI onopa (>Kene30()eTOHHaJi 6alll<a) MHOrOnpOJIeTHOA nnHTbJ: 6 - 'to me.
cranhH8S1 6aJlKa; B - RpaAHSIR onopa - >KeJles06eroHHaJi 6anKa; 2 -TO >Ke t Kap-
OHQnaJi CTeHa; 1- oTru6bl; 2 - npOJleTHaJi apMa-rypa: 3 - ,nonOJlHHTeJlbHaJi Hall"
OnOpHaJi apMaTypa (CTaBHTCJI. ec.nH H
.nOCTaTOqHO OTorUYTblX CTep)KHeA)


d


3.140. TOJ1CThIe MOHOJJHTHhIe DJJtfThI (H8npHMep, $YH,n8MeHTHble) pee
KOMeH,nYeTCH 8pMHpOBaTb CB8pHblMH apMot5noK8MH no THny, nOK838HHO-
MY H8 pUC. 21.
YCT8H8BnHB8Tb ux cne,nyeT C p83pblBOM, p8BHblM WHpHHe apMO"
6nOKa 7 8 B 3aSOp nOMew.aTb rOpHSOHTanbHhIe nnOCKHe CB8pHble CeTKH, 83
IOTOpbIX C06P8H 8pM06nOK. B CJ1yt18e Heo6xo,nHMOCTH YKJla,nblBalOT TaK-
1Ke CBapHhIe CeTKH nepneHJlHKynHpHorO Hanp8sneHHR.


135




Mil
8}


lo


10


1/1/ l,


6


IJ


e)


J


1,0


II


5d


D)


2


no paClIem!/, HO He MeHee
II 6 f 1/lJ. lo r IJ


200


lo


PIIC. 105. Pa3Je.,J1bHoe apMHpoB81ule KpaihrRx onop MOHOJIHTHbIX n..JIJlT
OTJleJIbHbIMIJ crep}KliSllvlli B pa60QeM HanpaBJIeHHH
a - MOHO.nHTIIO CBJI'38UIJO:t C }f{(".ne306eTOlJlioli 6a..'1KOIi; 6 - 3a
eMJle'nton B KJJp"
IUITlliOfr CTelie; B - cBoOo,nno Jle>Kaw.et:i Ha CT8J1bIlOH 6SJ1Ke; e - TO >Ke. na KlfP"
nutlHOn CTeHe; iJ - KOHCOJlbHO onlfpalO
eHCH A8 CTaJlblIYIO 6aJ1KY; J - 'nponeTHafl
pa()OtIaSi apMaTypa Fa )lH8MeTpoM d; 2 - gnOpHafl apM8Typa (no paCIJeTY, HO Ire
Menee O.5F a); 3 - onopHaSi apM8Typa He MeHee '/3 F a H lie MeHee 506 AI ua I
nOf. M; .1- pacnpe,ne.nHTenbHaH apMllTYpa; 5 - apMaTypa >KeJleS06eToHHoH ()anKH;
6 - CTep>Keub. o6ecneQHBBIOw.Hit COBMecTHYIO pa60T)"' n.nHTbl CD CTanbHOA ()aJlKoD,.
06bJ'DIO, ecnH lie Tpe
yeTCSI no paCQeTY - 0'6 war 1000; 7 - CBapKa


136




(1)


d)



6AIiJ1-1000


.
.



1


5


0)


I
/To pact/emu, HO He MeNte


 1/1i lD 2 II


'I


PHC. 1 O
. Pa3.neJIbHOe apMlIpoBaHHe KpaHHRx onop MO'HOJIHTHbTX U.:1HT
OT)J.eJ1bHbIMH CTep>KHS1MH B HepaOOqeM H8npaBJ1eHHH
a - CB060,ltHO Jle>Kar.u.eA Hit CTaJl.hHOn 6anKe; 6 - KOHconbHO oDHpalOw.eltCJJ Ha
CT3J1bHYIO ()aJlKY; B - MOHonHTHO CBJI'38HHOA C >KeJle30t)eToHHoA 6anKoA; 2 - 3a-
w.eMJleHHOA B KHpl1HQHOA CTeHe; iJ - npHMbJK81Or.u.eA K CTeHe 6e3 onHpaHHJJ: 1-
nponeTH8JJ paOoqaSl apMaTypa Fa .n.HaMeTpoM d; 2 - onopHaSi apMaTypa no oac-
'1eTY; HO He MeHp.(' 1/3F 8; 3 - onopnaSi apMaTypa; 4 - pacnpe.n.eJlHTenbHaq apMa-
Typa; 5 - apMaTypa }Ke.ne306eTOHHOA 6aJJKH
a)


PJ.lc. 107. ApMHpoB8HHe cpeJHMx
onop MOHOJ1HTHOfi nJ1HT
 OT)J.eRbHW-
Mli crep>KHSlMH
a - MOI-IOnHTHO tBSl3auHoR C >Ke.nC306e-
TOHHOA 6anKoit B pa60QeM HanpasneHHH;
6 - cDoOo.nno .ne>KallteR Ha CTaJlbHOA
6aJlKe B pa60QeM lfanpaBneHHH: B - MO-
JlO.nlu'no CBSl3af-lJl01i C >Ke.ne30()eToHHoA
. Oa1JKoR B nepa60tJeM UanpaBJ1eHHH; 1-
nponeTH8JJ paOoqaSl apM8Typa F 8 .nua.
MeTpOM- d; 2
 pacnpeJi.eJlItTeJlbHa51 apMa"
'TYpa
 3 - OnOpH8JJ apM8Typa no pacqe1'Y,
lio He MeHee 1J3F 8; 4 - apMaTypa >ReJle..
306eTOHHOn 'tiaJlKH; 5 - ('BapKa


?
,


lo


fOO!.: t
 10d f
lo


J


t .


6)


1/1J lo

 100


I
(/J61l I w-1000
lo l
lJ) t/LJ Zo
1/4 lo
an 2


137




OTBepCTHR B nnHT8X
3.141. OTBepcTHH SHa'lHTeJIbHblX pa3MepoB B >KeJle3o()eTOHHblX MM-
Tax, DaHenHX H T. n. ,non>KHbl OKaHMnJITbCH ,nonOJlHHTeJIbHOA apMaTypoH
CeqeHHeM He MeHee ce1IellHH pa()OqeH apMaTypbl (Toro >Ke HanpaBJIeHHH),
1<0TOpaH Tpe()YeTCH no paCqeTY finHTbl KaK cnnOWHOH (pHC. 108, a).
OTBepcTHH pa3MepOM /to 300 MM Cne"HanbHblMH CTep>KHHMU He 06..
paMJlHlOTcH. BHsaHaH pa60qaH H paCnpeAeJIHTeJIbHaH apMaTypa nnHTbI


a)


e-..)


1


2


1


1-1


5)


1 f
JOO j' 1
t2
1'
.I'
 t
Fo .DO
PHC. 108. ApMHpoBaHHe nnHT B MecTax oTBepcTHH
(l - OTBepCTHfl pa3MepOM ()onee 300 M
; 6 - OTBepCTHst pS3MepoM JJ.O 300 MM;
I - CTep>KHH apMaTypbl n.nHTbJ; 2 - oKaftMJUlIOutHe CTepiKHH. oOpa 30B8nHble cry..
l1{eHHeM 8pMa-rypbl MHTbl; 3 - CTep>KHH Cneu,H8J1bHol' OK8AMJlHIOU1eA oTBepcTHe
apM8TypbA



JOO
1 N 1
t -
 2 I
 · t





BOKpyr TaKHX OTBepCTHH crYlJ.{aeTCH - CTaBHTCSI lIBa CTep>KHH C npoMe-
1KYTKOM 50 MM (pUC. lOB, 6). npu apMHpOBaHHH nJIH1bI CBapHbIMH ceT-
KaMH peKOMeH,ltyeTcSI TaKoe OTBepCTHe Bblpe38Tb B apMaType no Mecry.
OTBepcTHSI (npoeMbI), eCJIH He06xo/tHMO no pacqeTY, o()paMnSlIOTcR
apMHpoBaHHbIMH pe6paMIt. Pa3MepbI H .apMHpoBallHe 3THX pe6ep saBH-
CRT OT pa3MepOB, 4>0PMbI, pacnOnO>KeHn" B nnaHe OTHOCHTeJIbHO 6a..1JOK
nepeKpblTHH, Ha3HaqeHHH npoeMa H B Ka>K/tOM OT/tenbHOM CJlyqae perna-
IOTCH npoeKTHpOBIUHKOM Ha OCHOBaHHH paCqeTa.
B apMaTypHLIX qepTe>KaX CneltHanbHble CTep>KHH ,nnSl apMHpOB8HHH
J
nnHTbI B npe,nenax paSMepa OTBepCTHH, 3a HCKnlOtJeHHeM OKanMnHIOUlHX,
KaK npaBHno, He ,naIOTCSI, 8 Ha qepTe>Ke CJIe/tyeT nOMemaTb npHMeqaHHe:
B npeAenax OTBepCTHH CTep>KHH pa3pe3aTb no MecTY H OTorHYTb B Teno
nJlHTbl.
npH apMHpOB8HHH nepeKpblTHH CBapHblMH ceTKaMH OTBepcTHH pa3-
MepoM /to 500 X 500 MM npH paCKna.llKe ceTOK He ytlHTLIBalOTCH, a Ha qcP-
T
)Ke ,ltaeTCR npHMeqaHHe: OTBepCTHe Bblpe3aTb no MeCTY.


138




npu ()6nbWHX p83MepaX OTBepCTHH CeTKII paCKJI3)1.blB81OTCH C ytte-
'TOM OTBepcTUH, O,II.HaKO B paAOHe OTBepCTHH nnHTY peKOMeHAYeTCJI ap..

fHpOBaTb OTAeJIbHbTMH CTep>KHRMH, He HapywaH YHu(j>HKallHlf CeTOK.
.l{onOJJHHTeJlbHaH apMaTyp8, OKaHMnHIO
aH OTBepCTHH, nOJl>KHa ()blTb
3aBe
eHa S8 KpaB OTBepCTHH H8 ,lI.nHHY He MeHee BenHqHHbI HaxneCTKH
Is cornaCHO n'. 2.46 HaCTOHlUero PYKOBO.lICTBa.


ApMHpOBaHHe nnHT 8 SORe npOA8BnHB8HHB


3.142. nonepetJH8B apMaTypa, YCTaH8BJIHBaeMaH B nnHTax B SOHe
npo,naBJlHBaHUH, .lIOn1KHa HMeTb 8HKepoBKY no KOHuaM, BblnonHHeMYIO
npHBapKoA unH OXB8TOM npO,II.OJ1bHOA 8pMaTypbl. PaccToHHHe Me>KAY no..
nepeqHblMH CTep.>KHBMII npHHHMaeTCR He 60nee fish H He 60nee 20ft MM.
r.ne h -- TonmHH8 nnHTbl. ll1HpHHa 30HbI nOC1'aHOBKH nOnepeQHOH aI'MaTY"
pbl AOJI>KH8 ()LITb He MeHee 1,5h.


3.143. nepeKpblTHB MorYT ()blTb pe()pHcTbIMH, tJacrope6pHcTbIMH,
T3K Ha3b1BaeMblMH KecCOHHbIMH, ()e36aJlOQHblMH H .lIp. no cnoc06y npo.
H3Bo.nCTBa pa()OT nepeKpLITHB MorYT 6blTb C60pHbIMH, MOHOnHTH"UMH H
c()op H 0" M OHonHTHbI MH.
PeKoM
H
YeTCH npoeKTHpoBaTb c()opHble nepeKp
THB nH()o nO
HO-
CTblO no THnOBblM qepTe>KaM ,neucTByrolUHX cepHA, nH60 C HcnOnb30Ba-
HHeM OT,neJlbHbIX THnOBblX C()OpHblX 9neMeHTOB.
3.144. PeKOMeH,lI.8l{HH no KOHCTpYHpoBaHHIO MOHonHTHblX 6a""'lHbIX
lIepeKpblTIiA npHBe,lleHbl B pa3,II.eJIaX HaCTOH
ero PYKOBO.lICTBa, B .K()TO-
pblX H3n8ralOTCH BonpocLI KOHCTPYHPOB3HHH nnHT H ()aJlOK.
npaBHJla KOHCTPYHPOB8HHH C60PHblX ne-
v
peKpbITHH H3 THnOBblX 9JleMeHTOB onpe,II.cJul"
IOTCB cooTBeTCTBYIO
HMH THnOBblMH cepHstMH.
3.145. npH npoeKTHpoBaHHH C60PHO-MO"
HonH1'HbIX nepeKpLI1'HA ,lI.nH o6e
neQeHHH y
o-
BHH H3fOT0BJ1eHHH KOHCTPYKllHH, AOnrOBeqHO..
C1'H H COBMecTHOH pa60TbI apMaTypbI H ()eToHa
Ha,lJ.Jle>KHT BbIflOnHHTb KOHCTpYKTHBHble Tpc60.
BaHHB, H3nO>KeHHble B HaCTOH
eM PYKOBO.n"
CTBe, a TalOKe cJIe,II.ytolUHe peKoMeH,lI.allHu.
,nnH nOBhlweHHH HHAycTpH8nH3al{HH H3ro..
TOBJIeHHB H MOHTa}Ka C()OpHo"MoHonHTHbIx
1(0HCTPYKl{HH lleJIecoo()pa3Ho npHMeHRTb Kpyn..
Hble C()opHble 9neMeHTbl H pacnonar8Tb B HfiX
OCHOBHYro 'IaCTb pa60'leH npO,II.OnbHOH pacTH"
v
nyTOH apM3TypLI.
3.146. Ha nOBepxHocTHX C()OpHbIX 9J1eMeH"
TOB, conpHKacalO
HxcB C .lIOnOJIHHTenbHO yno-
>KeHHhlM 6eroHoM, cne.lIYeT YCTp3HBaTb wnOH"
KH, wepoxoBaTocTb nOBepxHOCTeii KOHT8KTa,
npoAonbHble BbIcTynbl H na3b1, B COOTBeTCTBHH
C paCqeTHblMH HnH KOHCTPYKTHBHblMH Tpe()o-
B8HIIBMH BblnycKaTb apMaTYPY.
UJepoxoBaTocTb nOBepxHocTH M01KeT 6blTb
AOcTHrnyT8 eCTeCTBeHHblM (He38rna>KeHHbIA


nEPEKPblTHSI


a)


6}


PHC. 109. UUnoHKH
a - TpeyroJlbHble; 6-npH"
MoyroJlbHble; I - C6GpHhiA
9J1eMeHT: 2 - .IIenollHU"
TenbHO YJIO.H<eHHISIA 6e-rOH


139




6e-rOH) H HCKYCCTBeHHhIM n}'TeM (H8CellK3, 06AHpKa nOBepXHOCTHOrO
C.r.OSJ, XHMJiQeCKHH cnoc06 " J1p.).
IllnOHKII (pHC. 109) H COnpH>KeHHH, nOK3saHHhIe H3 pHC. 110, peKo-
tv!eHJ(yeTcH YCTpaHB3Tb no nosepxHoCTHM, r).{e S3TpYAlteHO nOJlyqeHHe
eCTecTneHHoH wepoxoB3TOCTif (H3npHMep, no nOBepxHocTHM, conpHKaca-
ICIl1HMCH C on3ny6KoA).
BbInycKH 3PM3TyphI, K3K npaBHno, .nOJI>KHhI 6b1Tb npo.nOJl>KeHHeM
o .. _
XO!IYT08, nonepellHhIx CTep>KHeH CBapHbJX KapKacoB, npo.nOJlbHOH pa-


a) 1


3 2


6)


1 2 J


PUC. 110. ConpSUKeHHH C60PHhIX 9neMeHTOB C J10nOJlHHTeJlbHO YJ10)J<€H-
HbIM oeToHoM
a - pHreJ1S1 c n.nHTB MH: 6 - TI..'IHT_ Me>K.ltY co6of1; I - C(5oPHb1i't 9neMeHT; 2 - AO

no.nlfHTeJIbHO ynO>KeHHbJU 6eTOH; 3 - npo,no/tbllblA BblcTyn HJlH nas


1-1


0)


-


5)


-.
1


2-2


_.


I I I I
.1-1-1




PIIC. 111. BblnycKH apfyl8TypbI H3 C60PHblX 9neMeHTOB
a - nonepe'lHoA; 6 - npoJJ.onbHoft


"II



q= =={


OO'1€H apM3Typbl (pHC. Ill). lJTo6bI He ycnO)J<HSlTb H3rOTOBJIeHHSI c60p..
HbIX 3JIeMeH'fOB, peKOMeHJ(yercSi BbInYCKaTb 8pMaTYPY, no B03MO:>KHOC-
TH, 113 CBo60.fl.HbIX OT onany6KH n08epXHOCTeM. BblnYCKaeMble CTeplK-
Hit .nOJl>KHbJ HMeTb H3.ne>KHYJO 8 HKepOBKY B .nonOJlHHTe
T1bHO YJIO:>KeHHOll1
oeToHe.
3.147. npH pacnOJIO}KeHHH apMaTypbl B J(onOJIHHTenbliO ynO>KeH-
HOM 6eToHe neooxoAu.MO npe,llycMaTpHBaTb a330pbI Me>KJIY 3pM3Typcii
H nOBepxHocTblO c6opHoro 9JICMeHTa, a TaK}Ke Me>K.ny ,.pH.naMu 3pMa-
TYPbl coce,llHHX C60PHbIX 3neMeHTOB. o6eCneQH881011UIE
ano...1HeHHe WHOB

e10HOM Hno p3CTBOPO.M H 3aw.HTY 3PM3Typbl OT KOpp030U.


140




3.148. B C60PHO-MOHOJIHTHhIX KOHcrPYKL(IUIX, H3 onop3x I<OTOpblX
8 pe3YJlbT3Te 33MOHOnlfllHB3HHH CTbIKOB (CBapJ{lI 8blnYCKOB 3PM8Typbl;
YKn 3 JlKH B
BaX Me>K.ny 9J1eMeHT3MH .nOnOJlHHTenbHOii 3pMaTYP
I. ne-
peKpblB310IneH CTbIK; ycr3HOBKH nOBepX CTbIKyeMbIx KOHCTPYK1(HH .iI<e..
,JIe30()eTOHHbIX 5JIeMeHTOB. nepeKphIBalOll1HX CThIK, D )1p.) (pHC. t 12-
t 14) Moryr B03HHKHYTb OTpHU3TeJIbHble onopHbIe MOMeHTbI, peKoMeH-
.nyeTCH Ha3H
qaTb nnolIta.nb CeqeHHB HallonopHoH apM3TyphI 8 COOTneT"
CTBIID C AeHCTBYlOlItHMH IIOpMaTHBHhIMH .nOKYMeHTaMH nO paCtIeTy
cTaTHqeCKH Heonpe.neJ1HMbIX >KeJIe306eTOHHblX KOHCTPYKQ.HH C yqeTOM
nepepacnpeAeneHHB YCHnHH. MeCTa 06phIB3 9TOH apMaTypbl onpeAeJUl-
toT corn3CHO n. 3.40 rJlaBbI CHHn 11-.21-15.
3.149. npH npoeKTHpoB3HHH C60pHbIX nepeKphITHH AOn>KHO "pe.n..
YCM3TpRB3TbCH ycrpOHC1'BO WBOB rvte>K.ny OT,neJlhHblMH 9
eMeHT3MH,
33nonHSleMblX oeToHoM. lUHpHHa WBOB H83H3QaeTCH H3 ycnOBHH 06ec...
neqeHHH KaqecTBeHHoro 3anOJIHeHHSI IIX H Jl.OJ1>KHa COCTBBnHTb lie Me..
Hee 20 MM .nJIB 9neMeHT08 BblCOTOH ceQeHHSJ .no 250 MM H lie MeHee
30 MM np" 9JIeMeUTCiX 60nbllleH BblCOTbl.
npH 9TOM AOJl>KH3 6hlTb 06eCneQeH3 B03MO}KHOCTb pa3MeweHltH
cTblKyeMoH 3pMaTypbl HJIH saKna.nHhlX )1eTaJ1efi II HX H3Ae>KHoft cBapKH.
3.150. .lI.JIH 33MOHOJlINHBaHHH CTblKOB C60pHbIX >Kene306CTOHHbIX
KOllcrpYKUJIH npOeI{THYIO MapKY 6eToH8 cne.nycT ycr3HaBJlHBaTb D 3a-
BHCHMOCTH OT YCJlOBHH pa60Tbl coeAHHHeMhIX 9neMeHTOB, 110 npHHHM8Tb
He HHme MIOO.
!{nH 3f'MOHOJlHlIHB3HHH Tpy.nHO,llOCTynHblx HJlIl Tpy,ltHOKOHTp04l'tHPy-
eMblX MeCT CThIKa peKoMellAyeTcH aanOJIHellHe lllB3 p3CTBOpOM UJIU 6e..
TOHOM nOA A3BneHHeM, 3 TaI{>Ke
npHMeHeHHe paCIIIHpHlOmerOCH ne-
MeHTa.
3.15.. Be3()3JIOIlHhIe nepcKp bI"
THSI KOHCTPYHPYIOTCH no pHC. t 15.
nJlHTbI C HH>KHeft p3()oqeii apMa-
TYPOH ,ltHaMerpoM 10-12 MM H C
,ltJlltHOH MeHblUeH CTOpOHhI 2,5-3 M
cne.nyeT 3pMHpOB3Tb nnOCKHMH TH-
nOBhIMH cBapHbIMH nenbHblMH ceT-


i


1-1
4 _
 1
2-2


J


/2
, t


2


J


I;


PHC. 112. COnpSl>KeHHe 6aJIol{ H
nnHT
I - rJlaBHaSi ()anKa; 2 - BfOpOc-(eoeu-
ttaS 6aJll<a; 3 - nnHTa: 4 - Bbl0YCK-tI
apMaTypbl


1
If


5
t1


1r
LJ 1-1 5 J
t/7/"/


4l]f12 J
PUC. 113. COnpH>KeHHe nJlHT
I - pnre.nb: 2 - ,nononHHTenbHO yn01KeH-
uNA ()eTou: S - OJlHTa: 4 - BbUJYCKH at>..
MaTyp:&l 83 nnltT; 5 - HaAOnOIUJaJl apMa.
Typa


J41




3


a.-a


PHC. 114. C60pHO.MOHonHT-
Hoe nOKphITHe OJlH03Ta>KHO-
ro npOMhIllJnel-nlOrO 3,llaHHH
1 - pHrellb; 2 - Aono.nUHTellbHO
YJIO>KeHHb1A 6eToH; 8 - DJIHTa;
4 - BblnycKH apM8TypbJ


2


KaMH. nplt ()OJIbWHX WHpHHaX nJIHT H
AHaMeTpaX CTep>KHeA ()OJIee 12 MM pe.
KOMeHAYeTCR npHMeHSITh ()OJIee Y3KHe
ceTKH, yKJIa,AblBaeMble B .nBa B3aHMHO
nepneHAIIKYJIHpHhIX cnOH.
B CBapHhIX CeTKaX Me>K.nYSTa>K-
HblX ()es()aJlOtJHhIX nepeKpblTHA OTBep-

THSI ,ltnH nponYCKa apMaTYP
 K&nOHH
Bblpe3alOTCH no MecTY, a npepBaHHaH
oTBepcTHeM apMaTypa K!J MneUCH PYeT"
CH AononHHTenbHbIMH CTep1KHHMII B
COOTBeTCTBHH C n. 3.141.
B BepxHeA qaCTH KonOHH B MeCTax
COnpH>KeHHH C MHTOH ()es()aJIO'lHble
nepeKphlTHSI cHa6>KaIOTCH YUIIlpeHHSI-
MU - KanllTeJIHMH unH KanHTeJIHMH C
H3.nK3nUTenbHhIMIt nJlHTaMH.
3.152. ApMHpoBaHHe ()e3()anolfHblx
nepeKphlTHH OT,neJIbHbIMH CTep>KHHMH
npOH3BO,ltUTCH 06bltJHO 6e3 OTrH6oB.
npH 6onbwoM 'lHCJIe oAHHaKOBblX nnllT
B nenSix 9KOHOMHH ap-MaTypbl nepe-
KphlTHe ,AenUTCH Ha nponeTHhIe H Han-
K;OJlOHl-Ible nOJlOChI (CM. pllC. 115, 8, 2).
B 06eHx nonocax HH}KlIHe -CTepmHH
,lXOn>Kl-IbI ()blTb 3aBe,llellbl OT OCH npone-
Ta B Ka>K,ltYIO CTOPOHY He MeHee qeM
Ha 0,351. npH STOM B H3JIKOJlOHHOM
nonoce CTep1KHH ,ltOn>Kflbl 6b1Tb 33Be..
,lteHbI 3a rpaHb KanHTeneA He Meliee
'leM H3 lOde CTep>KHH BepXHeH apMa.
Typbl Ha.nKonOHHOM nonocbI ,non>KHbl
()blTb 3aBe.neBhI 3a OCb PH,lt3 KonoHH
B K31K.nylO CTOPOHY TaK>Ke He Mcnee
tJeM Ha 0.35 I.


OT)l.eJlbHble YKa3aHHR no KOHCTpYHpOBaHHIO 9J1eMeHTOB
u
nOJ1BaJlbHblX nOMe
eHHH


3.153. KOHCTPYHpoBaHHe MOHOJlHTHOrO COnpSl>KeHIUI CTeHhl no.nBana
C ,ltHHllleM npoH3BoAUTCH no pHC. 116.
3. t 54. MOHonHTHoe. COnpH>KeHHe pHreJlH C >Kene306eToHHoH CTe-
HOR nO
BaJla cne.nyeT BblnonHHTb no puc. 111. BepTHKaJlbHbIe CTep>I{HH
creHbI Cne,llyeT J(OBOJlHTb AO Bepxa pHrenSi. BepxHHfl apMaTypa pHreJISi
3aBOJ(ItTCH B creHY H o1TH()aeTcH BHH3 B nJIOCKOCTH HapY>KHOH apMa.
Typbl creHbl. npH 9TOM BeJIUQHHa sanycKa apMB.Typbl pHreJIH B CTeHY
Ie onpe.nenSleTCSI no cpopMYJle
t
Ie = n 2 + laB; (25)
t}J.e n- tJHcno yqaCTBYlOlUHX B pa()OTe CThIKa crep>KHeA CT

Fa pFa
HbJ, onpellenSieMoe no cpopMYJIe n= R . f ;
a.CT a


-'4 2
..















-=::s-
0, 151 ,
JJ11


8)
0'15{t 0, 71 1
1
- ""'- ,

 '.J.J

 I
c:::s-.1
 I


ql
ll/
15l1
--,- 1
. , .......--

 . L-I -r-
-. -r--:-:-


,....
'N



!;






 . !

.!t- ..




...
- ...



.
...L...d:L. 1--
. I Lf" ==:=
-= r-!-
 _: :
· 1--""

Io .",_1-
. -


L...


1-1






c::::t
iT








 42511


l,
D..J5t 1 D.J5 t 1


L 1
 t ' t
T
, '-J I
. ,
- --
--
..
.
..:11.-
.... ff
... II
., I
r I
-
".
... r-
...
"'I'


11






c::s








t t
425l g,)5l fJJ5t flJ5l

t. L t"" I I

 aJ!t 4JSt
r !"!Ii


QJ5 t


J


PuCe 115. CxeM3 apMHpOB3HHH 6e363J101lHhIX nepeKpblTuA
a - npOJleTH3J1 3pM3Typa - Y3KHe CBapHbJe ceTKH; 6 - TO >Ke, H3,nonopH3H 3PM8"
Typ3: 8 - npoJleTH8J1 apM3Typa - OTAellbHble CTepmHH; 2 - TO me, H3,l1.0nOpH8ft
8pM8Typa


143




t - war CTep>KHeH CTeHbI;
R a . cT , Ra.p - paClieTHOe conpOTHBJJeHMe apMBTypbI COOTBeTCTBeH-
HO CTeHbI H pHreJJR paCT5I>KCHHIO;
Fa, fa - nJIOIl{a
b CeqeHHH COO'fBeTCTBeHHO BCex 3aBO)J.HMbIX
B CTeHY BepXHliX onopllblx CTep1KHeU pHrenR H 0;1-
Horo CTep>KHR CTefIbJ;
Ian - )J.JIHHa aHKepOBKH CTep>KHeH C1'eHLI, npHHHMaeMaH B
COOTBeTCTBIiH C n. 2.40 H8CTORIl{erO PYKoBO,ACTBa.


PRC. 116. ApMHpoB8HHe CTeH H
,nHH1ll8 nOltBaJlOB (npHRMKoB H
T. n.)
I - CeTKH; 2 - nOAAep>KHBalO
HR
le8pKaC; 3 - yrOJlKoB8Sf (raYTaJl) CeT-
lea; 4 - CTYJ(OB8H ceTK8; 5 - 8pMO

6J10K; 6 - mOB 6eTOHHpOB8HHJI


l


In ...


In
W VO.;.200


,p 112

"
1-1_ "'1-
 '( I,
t r;
;)
1v v


.. I J ,I
,



1


r O,25P
rcuFT




PUC. 117. CxeMa apfrlHpOBaHHfl Y3-
Jla COnpR>KeHJlJI pHreJUI nepeKpLI.


TUft CO CTeHOH nO
BaJla


ECJ1H CTep>KHH CTeHbI H pUreJlft npHHJlTbI U3 apM3TypHOA CTaJIH
OJJ.HorO KJIaCca J TO


Fa
n --
- fa ·


no,nnOPHblE CTEHbI


3.155. nOJ1nOpHble CTeHb1 upe
Ha3H3qalOTCft llJIR Y J(ep>KaHIUI Ha..
'CbInHoro rpYHT3 B BepTHKaJlbHOM nOJlO1KeHHIt.
KOHCTPYKUHH no,nnopHblx CTeH 06bIQHO npHHHltaeTCSI yroJlKoBoro
.ceqeHJlR H3 rnaJ1KIfX unliT UJJH 03 fiJlHT C pe6paMH (KOHTP<PopcaMH) .
rna)J.KHe BepTHKaJlbHhIe CTeHLI npHMeHftlOT npH OTHOCHTenbHO Heoonb-
moil BbicoTe YAep>KHBaeMOro rpYHT3 - npHMepHO ,no 4-4,5 M. npH

OJIbweli BbiCOTe peKOMeH
yeTCft co CTOpOHbI rpYH1'a YCTpaHBaTb B C1'e-
He KOHTp4>OpCbI.


144




f Opll30HT 8JIbHbIe fiJlHTbl yrOJIKOBblX CTCII BbtflOJIH.HIOTC$I r JIaJ{Kft M H
IIlllt C TaK Ba3blBaeMoii moopOH, TO ceTb C pe6pOM, BhICTynalO1l.lIfM 8HII3

 b
BJOJIh BceH ropH30llTaJIbHOit MHTbJ.
3.156. nOllnopHble CTeHbI Moryr BblnOJIHSlTbCB MOHOJlHTHbIMH JUHf
CUOpHbIMH.
r JIalJ-KHe aep7HKaJIbHble 9neMeHTbl MOHOJlHTlIbIX nO)J.noplIblx CTen
)TOJ1I{OBOrO BJf,na KOItcTpynpYIOT OObJ1JHO nepeMennoii TOJllllHIIbI. flpu
STOM BBepxy TOJULU-IHY Ha3HaQalOT He AteHee 100 MM, a BHH3Y npUHH"


PIIC. 118. CxeM8 apl-IHpOBaHHH no.nnOpJlbIX CTelJ caMouccY11.lU)UJ apMa"
TypHbIl-IH 6JIOKal-UI
a - npH p33,ne..1JhUOM OeTOHHpoB3HHH n0.nOWBbI H CTeHKH; 6 - npH o.nHOBpeMeli.
HOM 6etoHHpoB8ttuH nO.ll.OWBbI H creHKM; 1 - apM3TypHLJA f)JlOK; 2 - yronKoBIUf
p86o'l8Sl CTblKOB8S1 ceTKa; 3 - DnOCKa
 CTLJKOB8J1 CeTK8; 4 - lllOB OCToHHpoBa..
"DH


MalOT no paCqeTY. fOpH30HTanbHbie nJI liT bI TaK)KC BblnOJIIUUOT, ({aK
v
IlpaBHnO, nepel,1eHHOH TOJlll{HHbI.
3..157. TOJIUl.HlIa 3aUUITHoro CJlOft 6e1'OHa D}ISI pa60Qen apM8Typbl
no,nDopHbIX CTeH npH OTCYTCTBIfH rpYHToBblX BOJl npHHHMaeTCjI .nJfSf
Bep1'IIKaJIbHblX 9J1eMeHTOB He MeHee Alfal-leTpa pa60Qeli apMa7ypb1 Ii
He MCHee 30 l-IM, a .nJIH ropH30HTaJlbHbIX nJII1T - l{aI{ B
YH,naMeHTax
(CM. n. 3.26 HaCTOSllllero PYKOBO.ltCTB3).
3.158. ApnUipoBaHHe nO,ltnOpHbIx C'fell BbICOTOfI 3 M H 60JIee pe-
KOMeHJ{ye1'CSI OCYIUecTBJlSlTb npocrpalIcTBeHHbIl,1H apMaTypHbJMH Kapl<a..
caMH (pHC. 118).
npH BbICOTe C1'eHOK J{O 3 M apMa'fYPY peKOl1eHJlyeTcSI KOHCTPYH..
pOBaTb, npe.nycM3TpHaC:H naBeUIHBalIHe CCTOK uenocpe,nCTBeHllo H8
onaJly6K)'.
3.159. ,l{nft 9KOHOMHH apMaTypHoii CTaJIH npH KOIlCTpYHpoBaIlHJI
rJIaAKJtx npOTjI}KeHHbIX no
nopHblx CTell apMHpOBaHHe BepTJtKaJIbHbIX
nJIftT 3THX CTeH peKoMeH,nyeTcH BbInO
TJHBTb D.BY
1H 30HaMH. npH STOl1
Ha BCIO BbICOTY CTeHbl YCTC:HaBJIHBaeTCSI ceTKa C BepTHK3nbHoH pa6o..
qeii 3pMaTypofi, KOTopaH TpeoyeTcSI B BepxHeH sone. B lIH>KHeH 30lIe
ycraHaBJIHBaeTCH ,ltOnOnHHTeRbHaSl ceTKa TaKme C BepTJtKaJIbHWMH pa-
601lHMH CTep>KHjlMH. nJI011.la,nb ceqeHJUI pa60tJeii apMaTypbI B o6eHK
ceTlC8X YCT8HaBJlHBaeTcH B COOTReTCTBtIH c Tpe6oBanHHl1H paclleTa IIH>K-
lien SOHbI C1'eHbI. CeqeHHe, r JJ.e o6pblBaloTcH CTep)I{HII BepTHl{aJILHOii
apl13TypbI HH1{(nn:x CeTOI{, YCTanaBJIHBae1'C
 pactJcToM.


10-661


145




4J min 100
;5- -
-
l!Jnu.nbHu 8 Wo.Xt10m- 1
J ,
HDM nopR8J<e
Pacnpe8e.numefTbHaR 2 1

2 apMumypa

 W
:t: (..)
::s




 5
lJ. / I
I 5 / '
6)


C-J


C-lf
. . .. .. ..".
C-5
. .. .
 ..


..


.


C-t








:::;, -c..J
t:;





C-2


PUC. 119. Cxe
{a 3plfMpOB3HHR MOHO.,TJliTHOH
rna,nKOH nO.llnOpHOH CTeHH
a- OT)J.eJIbHbIMH CTep>KHSlMH; 6 - coapHblMH ceTKalvlH; 1-5 - apMaTypUble €Tep)K

HU; C-I-C-5 - CBaplibIe ceTKH
n p H 11 e 1{ a H Ii e. CTep>KeHh 003. 3 II ceTKY C-3 CTaBMTb npH Ton..
I.QHHe CTeHKIi 60nee 150
{M


rOpU30HT3nbHbIe nnliTbl, K3K npaBIIoI1o, apMHPYIOTCH ceTKaMU 6ea
06PbIB3 CTep>KHeH. npli
{ep apMHpoBaHHH rJI3,nKoH no,nnopHoA .cTeHhI
CM. Ha pHC. 119. .
3.160. MOHonHTHble no,nnopHbIe creHbl C peopaMu (KOHTP4>OpC8'4H);
K.aK npaBHno, BblnOnHJHQTCH c nocTOHHHOii TOnInUHoii BepTHKaJIblloi1 H
roplI30HTaJIbHOH nol1HTbI. 3TH nJIHTbI KOHCTpynPYIOTCfl no npaBHnaM


146




IWHCTpynpoBaHUH n.nHT, onepTbIX no TpeM CTOpOH8M, KOTopLle HS"
J101KeHbI B pa3JI.ene «nnHTbI».
Pe6pa apMupYIOT npOJ(onhHOM (H3KJIOHHble patJOlIHe II OOI<OBblC
BepTHKaJIbHble KOHCTPYKTHBHble CTep>KHH) H nOnepetlHOH (ropH30HTanb.
Hhle XOMYTbI) apM3TYPOH B BHJle OT)1eJIbHbIX CTep>KHeM unH CBapHblX
ceTOK. npHMep no,nnopHOH CTeHbl C KOHTpqJOpCaMH npHBe.lleH H8
pHC. 120.


tJ)


t


1=2+JSM


1


- u , L
'!
!
"'I
 . ..
....


-
'W '/ I I

"-
 i J t
1-
J I


8)


I -l



,
'
,
,'-


,




:
1\
rL
 \
,
",," .;. - ...
II 'II


!l


6)


1 ,
-I-" I- ! I ..
 .....
- 1-1- . .
 t-
- I-
 ;-i- t-
- -- -I-

- -. . i""'- f-'
- - -
 f-
- -. I _I-- I-
- -- I-
 f-
- - I- I-- r-:
"- I--. . I" --- """""
- 1-"- I-I--

- t--- I - i"- t-
- t-- . I-- t-
. I-- l-
I-- 1-- . I-- I--
...... 1--- I
 I--
I"- 1-" . i-- l-
I"- I-- .. , . :" l"- I--


- :..
 I-
/ " 17 'l-
t-- I-' r. ./ t-t
I


...


1-1


t
2


1-1


12


...............


PUC. 120. npUMep KOHCTpyupOBalUUI MOHOJIHTHOA nOAnOpltOH CTeHbl C
KOHTp<popca MH
(I - ODopUbie CeTI<U; 6 - npoJ1eTHbfe CeTKU; 8 - apMHpOBaHHt'- KO
Tp
OpC8i 1 - 8ft..
S8U8J1 aplvIaTypa; 2 - CBapHble CeTKIt


TOHHEnH


3..61. TOHHMU npe.nH83H311aIOTCH .n.nSl no.n3eMHoii npOKJIa,nKII pa3"
JlHllHblX KO
fMYHHKallHii H n0)1pa3,neJI
IOTCH Ha npoxo,nHlJIe H Henpo-
XO,D,Hble. no cnocooy npoH3Bo,ncTBa cTpOHTeJJ.bHbIX p360T OHH MorYT
()lJITb COOpHblltH H MOHOnHTHlJIl1H.
C60pHble >KeJIe300eTOHHble TOIlHeJl" Mor}'T KOHCTPYHpOBaTbCR co.
CTa BHbIMH H3 OT J(eJIbHbIX 9neMeHTOB - CTell) )1HHIn8 It KpbllIIKH; 113 sne..
MeHT08 n-06pa3Horo CelJeHHR - AHHlll,,3 C HII)KHHMH YQaCTK81.fl1 cren n


10*


147




blJ1J


1-1


3


1


J


9) [1
2



L 600 1
1
 ytf :


'1't

-
;--:-,....J
- __ .1
 'f

,.

.
1 ---.::::: ; .<p- ,.
.... .-

-:-- 'r-



t


: .""
1'-, -
.
T" I-
- .. -f .


2


PMC. 121. CxeM8 apMHpOBaHIUI TOll.
nenfl ca
loHecYIIJ.HMH apMaTypHbIMH
OnOKal{H


a - CeqeUHe TOIUleJlSl; 6 - p8CK..1J8AKa
yr.JIOBbJX ceTOK BJJ,O.,'Jb TOHHeJllI; 1 - 8p

MotS.JIOR: 2 - yrJloB811 ceTKa; 3 - CThIK0 1
B8fl CeTKa; 4 - IlJOB tSeToHHpOB8HHg


2


1000 flpU d -<: tBUM
2000 n V d=18-2SMII
A 3000. f1 U c:J8-JUMM
V,: A!


+
:6...
J. _ .i.. J.
..:. . I

'.1.
J.u ·
+.- -

.1-. _J.
,--


.;...
 i
.1... _

-- ......!
.
.-. ...-


1-1


,,£,
- .......
I L I J......i
+ -..l._

J.. _ L!.. _
:1. . IT. _
I... -=u." _
I
'; L_
IJ.. I
 ..
II- J.I _ (Q
iLir
i: IT 4i
iT ... '!- ...
-.... 1
'-r- ,
',,,, -r
. :-.....-:-

?"t r 1


T '--
.... - f I
-
 10. ; i r-
. .. I ;'" t-.

 t
oo t T L "2


PUC. 122. CaMoHecYUlI'Iii npOCTpaIfCTBeIiHbJii I<apKac (a!)Mo6J10K)
J - ceTKH; 2 - nO)JJ[.ep>KHB310lll-lle KapK8C cj)HKC3TOpbf


148




lIepeKpblTHH C BepXHHMH yqaCTKaMU cTeH IInu U3 9JIel1eHTOB, npeJl.CTaB-
nJJIOWHX coooii OAJlY CTeHKY C yqaCTKaMU ,nHHllJ.a H nepeKpb1THH. Pa3"
pe3K8 MO>KeT OblTb II no ,npyroii, 9KOHOMHQecKU OOOCHOB8HHOH cxeMe.
npH HeOOJIbWHX pa3Mepax nOnepeqHOrO CeqeHHH (c TOqKU 3peHUH
y
o6cTBa H3rOTOBneHHH H TpaHcnopTupOBKH) TOHHenu MorYT KOHCTPYH-
pOB8TbCH H3 l{enbHblX 3aMKllYTbIX onOKOB ,l(nHHOH 1-3 M.
nplI KOHCTpYHpoBaHIIH MOlIonHTHbIX TOHHeJIeii, KOTopble Bcer,na
npe,l(CT8B..'1HIOT coooii 3aMKHYTble pal1b1, Heooxo,nHMO U83liaQ8Tb apl111-



 l/Junu 1/4l
..t:







I
 li
.



'-
""


1/J UJ1U 1/1t t
f (n D piI c"
mV)


PRC. 123. npuMep ap
IHpOBaHlr)l
MOHonllTHoro TOHHMH OTJ1.enb-
IIbll1H CTep>KHHMU
1--5 -- nOMepa 003HI(uR apM8TypbJ


!


l


1


£.


, /
I r 2

 -1 5


-





pOBaHlIe H MeCT8 CTbll{OB CTep>KHen C yqeTOM
laKCIlf.faJ1bHOrO Y AOOCT-


Ba CTpOHTenbHbIX paooT.
3.162. TOHHenu peioMeH,nyeTcH aplfHpOB8Tb caMoHecYIUHMIf npo-
CTpaHcTBeHIIb!MU Ka pKaCal1n If rHYTbll1I1 ceTKaMH (puc. 121). .l(JIH CTbI-
KOB8HHJI pacnpe,lI.enHTeJIbHOii (npoTHBoyca,noQHoil) 8PM8Typbl Mory-r
6h1Tb ucnonb30BaHbI TunOBhle ceTKH no ,neiiCTBYIOIUUM rOCTaM.
KapKacbI co6npalOTcH H3 ceTOK H nO,lt
ep>KHBalOIU.}Jx YCTpoiICTB.
KOTopble <l>HKCHPYIOT ceTKU B paOO'lel1 DOnO}l{ellHH H 06eCneQHBaJOT
OOIUYIO npocTpaHCTBeHHYIO }I{ecTKOCTb (pHC. 122).
npH apMlipoBaHuH TOHHeneii, B KOTOphIX nepBOHaQaJIbHO 6erOHH"
pyercH TOJIbKO HH>KHSIH nnHTa, ,lI.JIH CTbIKOBKH KapK3coB CTeH C ,lI.HH-
lUeM c.'Ie,lI.yer npe,nycMaTpHBaTb Cnel{HanbHble rHYTble CTblKOBbIe CeTKH.
ApMHpoB8HHe ytlaCTKOB TOHueneii co CJJO>KHoii KOHQ>HrYP8l(Hel
(MecTa .pa3JIHtlHbJX DPUl1bIK8HHH, yrnbl DOBopoTa H T. D.) B03MO>KHO
OCytnecTBJIHTb n..TJOCKHMH H rIlYTbIMlI ceTKaMU.
3.163. 3neMeHTbI COOpHbIX TOHHeJIeH apf.fHpYIOTCH l{eJIbHblMH cBap"
HbIl1H ceTR8MU Hnu KapKac8MH H CHaO>KaIOTCJl BblnycKaf.fH 8pM3Typbl
IIJIH 3aKna,lI.HhIMII ,lI.eTanHIIH ,lI.JIH coe,nHHeHHH co CMe>KHbll1H 3JIeMeHTaMH.
3.164. Apl1HpOBaHHe MOHOJJHTHb1X TOHJ-IeJIeii OTAeJJbHblf.fH cTep>KHR-
Ml( nOKa38HO Ha p.nc. 123.


149




4. OC06EHHOCTH KOHCTPYHPOBAHHlI
)l(EnE306ETOHHbIX KOHCTPYKllMn,
nOABEP)I(EHHblX B03AEnCTBMIO
AHHA1\I1IJECKHX HArpY30K


4. t. ,llHHaMH1JecKHe narpY3KH no xapaKTepy B03,lI.eiiCTBHfl H8 KOH-
CTPYIUJ.HIO
10fYT 6hITb nepHO.ll.HLJeCKHMH U Hl1nYJIbCHblMH, a no nOBTO-
pHeMocTH - MHOrOl<pBTHO nOBTopHlOlUH
1HCH H neMHoroKp8THO nOB1'O"
PHIOIIUiMHCH.
I( nepl1o,nHtlecKoH ,lI.IUf3MUlleCKOH OTHOCHTCSI HarpY3Ka C BenHllHHOH
BMnnHTYAbI CliJIbI oOJIee 100 ({rc.
I( HMoynbcHoH OTHOCHTCSI HarpY3KB C BeJIHqHHOii SKBHBaJIeHTHoro
MrHOBeHHoro HMnYJIbCB oOJlee 100 Krcfc.
I( MHoroKp8THO nOBTOpSIlOIneiicH OTHOCHTCSI HarpY3KB, npn KOTO-
pOH KOHCTPYKI{HR HcnblThlBaeT oonee 10 6 U.HKJIOB CHJIOBhlX B03,lI.eHCT-
BM", a K09<1><PHD.neHT YCJIOBHH paOOTbl apMBTypbl mal < 1 (Ta6JI. 25
fn. CHun 11-21-75).
4.2. npH KOHCTPY"POB8HI1H >KeJIe300eTOHHbIX KOHCTPYKI.lH.ii, no.ll-
Bep>KeHHbiX B03,lI.eHCTBHIO ,ll,HH8MHlleCKHX H8rpY30K) cJle,ll,YeT KpOMe YIa-
a8HHii, npMBe.neHHblx B pa3.l1.. J -3. PYKOBO.nCTBOB3TbCR nn. 4.3-4.21.
4.3. OqepTaHHH >KeJIe300eToHHblx KOHcTpYKnHHt paCCIlHTBHHblX (
a
lIarpY3KH, YK83aHHble B n. 4.1, cneJI.yeT npHHHl1aTb npOCTbllfH: oe3 Pe3-
I{HX nepen3,ll,OB OTMeTOK, 6e3 U3JIOMOB 3JIe
1eHTOB 11 pe3Kofo H3MeHeHHH
cetJenHH. B MeCT3X COnpH>KeHHSJ 3J1eMeHTOB I{OHCTPYKUHH (nBnpuMep,
pUreJIH C KO.nOHHOi1), a T3K>Ke H3MeHeHUH CeQeHI1H 9nel1eHTOB 60JIee
qeM B 1,5 pa3a CJIe,ll,yeT, KaK npaBHJIo. ycrp8HB8Tb BYTbl, cKpyrJIeHHH
BXO,ll,RlUHX yrJIOB H T. n. OrnepCTIIH peKOlfeH,ll,yeTcH YCTpal1BBTb Kpyr-
J]b1lfH. a npH Heo6xo,ll,U
10CTM YCTPOHCTB3 npHMoyroJlbHoro oTBepcTHH
yr JIbl ero cneJlyeT CK pyr JlHTb.
4.4. ,ll..'lH )J{eJIe306eToHHb1X 3J1eMeHTOB, paCCQHTbIBaeMblx Ha B03-
,neHcTBHe ,ll,HHBMHlleCKOii HarpY3Kn, peKoMeH.nyeTcH npHHHMaTh npo...
eKTHYIO MBPKY oeTOHB He HH>Ke M 200; AJIH CHnhHO HarpY>KeHHblX 9ne-
MeHTOB (HBnpH
1ep, ,llJIH KOJlOHH, Bocnpl,nuIMalOlllHx 3BaQUTeJIbHble Hpa-
HOBble HarpY3KH, 9JIeMeHTOB paM 4>YH,ll,8l1eHTOB no,ll, M3111HHhl H T. n.)-
He HH>Ke M 300. /VloHTaiKHbIe HB6eToHKH no Bepxy KOHcTpYKnHH cne-
.n.yeT H83H3qaTb H3 oeToH3 M3PKH He HH>Ke M 200.
4.5. .nJIH apMHpOBaHU.H 9JIeMeHTOB >KeJIe300eToHllblX KOHCTPYKUHH,
nO,lI.Bep>KeHHbIX B03,ll,eHCTBHIO ,ll,HHaMHQeCKHX HarpY30K, cne,ll,yer npuMe..
HHTb apM3TYPY, YKa33HHYlO B n: 1.11 C yqeTOM YKa33HHA n. 1.14 113.
CTOflwero PYKOBO.nCTB3.
npH BbI60pe paCqeTHOii apMaTypbJ npeHMymecTBo CJIe,ll,yeT OTjla..
BaTb apMaType Kn3cca A...III.
npHMeHeHlie apMCiTypbl Kn8cca Ac-II 60Jlee 9clJq)eKTIIBHO B Kon..
c:rP}1rn. HHX , no.nBep>KeHHblX B03.lleHCTBIUO MHOrO({paTHO nOBTopSiIOllleif-
CD H3rpY3KH npH K09.pq)HlI. H eHTe aCIiMMeTpliH
HK.,TIa pa < 0,7 (Ta'6JI. 25
rJIBBbl CHHn 11-21..75). B 3TOM cJlYQ3e ,ll,OnycK8eTcH T3K)J{e npHMelle-
Hlie apMaTypbl KJI3CCOB A-II Ii A-I. .
. B KOHCTPYKUHHX, no.nBep>KeHHbIX o03,neiicTBHIO HeMHoroKpaTHO
!10BTOpHIOInHXCH H3rpY30K) ,ll,OnycKaeTcH npHMeHeHlie 8PMBTYpbJ KnBC-

OB B-J H Bp-I.
,llJIH nOnepeqHOH apM3Typbl JIHHeMHhlX 3JleMeHTOB )J.JIH KOHCTPYK"
THBHOH H MOHT3)J{HOii 3PM3TYpbJ B OCHOBIIOM Cne,ll,yeT npuMeHHTb ap-
MBTYPY KnaCCOB A-II H A..I.


150




4.6. CT3JIb .nJTH KOHCTpYHpoBaHHH 33KJIa,ll,HbIX ,neTBJIeH B KOHCT-
pyKlI.HRX, nO,llBep}l{eHHblX ,ltHHa1fHQeCKH11 H8rpY3Kal1, cJle.nyeT npHMeHHTb
s cOOTBeTCTBHH C npHJI. 3.
4.7. CBapKY apMaTypbI H 38KJI3,ll,HbIX .neT8JIeH KOHCTp}1{IJ.Hll, no,n-
sep1KeUHhlX JUiU8l1HlleCKoH HarpY3Ke, CJIe,ll,yeT npOH3BOJI,HTb C yqeTOM
YKa3aH
H HHCTP¥KUWH no cBapKe coe
HHeHMH apM8TYpU H 3aKn3,ll,HHX
,l1eTaneH .>Kene300eTOHHb1X KOHCTpYKnHH.
4.8. DpH CTblKOBaHHH pacTHHYTbIX CTep}KHeii BHaXJIeCTKY B 30He ne-
penycKB Heo6xo,nHMO YCTaHaBJIHB8Tb ,nonOJIHHTenbHYIO nOnepeqHYlo ap-
MBTYPY B COOTBeTCTBHH C n. 2.49 HacToHw,ero PYKOBo,ncTBa.
4.9. YQaCTKH 6eToHa, BocnpHHIlMaroW-He H1fnynbcbl YKa33HHoH B
fi. 4.1 BenMlJHHhI, ,nOJIiIHbl HMeTh KOCBeHlIoe apMnpoBaHHe B COOTBeTCT-
8HH C n. 3.53 HaCTOH
ero PYKOBO,iJ.CTBa. npH 3TOM ceTKH KOCBeHHoro
3pMHpoBaHIIH JIOn>KHbI ObITb BSl38HbIMH H3 apl13TypbI KnaCCOB A-I HJIM
A-II, ,ll,H8MeTpOM 12-14 1tM.
4.10. MHHH118"TJbHaH nJI01ll3).J.b Ce"leHI-UJ npo.nonbHoH 3p1laTypbl
ft, % nno
a,nH ceLleHHH 6eToHa B >KeJ1e300eToHHbIX 9neMeHTax KOH-
CTPYKI{HfI, nOllBep}l{eHHblX B03,ll,eHCTBluO l1HOrORpaTHo nOBTopHroW-t1XCH
HBrpY30K, npHHHl13eTcH:
J,.t=O,2 % - ,nnH apMaTypbI A OaJ10K, nnHT H ,nPyrux H3rH6ae1fbIX, B
T3K>Ke BHeD-eHTpeHHo paCTHHYTbJX 3&JIeMeHTOB; !.l =0,25%
 AnH ap1f8-
TYPbI A II AI I{OnOHH H ,npyrHx BHeD-eHTpeHHO C}K3TbIX 9J1e1feHTOB.
npH B03,neHcTBluf HeMHorOKp8THO nOBTOpHIOllJ,HXCSI HarpY30K Be-
nHQHI'IB
t ,nOJDKH8 YCTaHaBnMB3TbcH B COOTBeTCTBHH C Ta6J1. 16.
4.11. PaccToHHHH Me>K.ny npO,ll,o.nbHbIMH CTep>KHHMH B nJIHTaX,
oBnKax, KOJIOHHaX H ,npyrHx KOHCTPYKUHHX, a TaK>Ke xOMYTaMH (none-
peqHbJMU CTep}KHSlMH) B KOJIOHH3X He ,nOJ1)KHbI npeBbllllBTb 300
1M.
4.12. PacCToHHHH Me>K.ny CTep>KBHMH 60KOBOM apMaTypbI 6aJIOK
(pHC. 89) He ,ll,OJI)J{Hbl npeBbllllaTb 300 MM. MHHH
1a.,'lbHblif JI,H3MeTp 3THX
CTep1KHeM npH BblCOTe 03nKH Jz
 1500 MM 12 M
1, npH OOJIblUeiI BbICO-
Te - 16 1111.
4.13. ApMaTYPY pHreneH H OaJIOK, nO.llBep>KeHHbJX B03.neHCTBHfO
MHoroKpaTHo nOBTopHIOIljJiXCH H3rpy30K npH K09clJclJHuHeHTe aCHM1feT'"
PH" l.HKna pa <0,7, c,,'Ie)J.yeT KOHCTPYlfPOB3Tb BH38HOU C paooqeii
npOJleTHOH apMaTypoii cBepxy H CHH3Y Ii 33MI{HYTbIMH xOMYTaMH no
pHC. 18.
4.14. KOJIOHHbI BO Bcex CoI,ytt3HX apMHpylOT cHMMeTpHqHOH apM3:'fY-
POH. np"qe
1 Ka}l{,nble 3-5 CTep)KHeH
OJI}KHbJ 06XBaTbIB3TbCH XOMY-
Ta Mil HnH lllnHJIbKaMH.
4.15. 3a,ll,eJIKY paOOQeM ap1laTypbI pHreneH H OaJIOK B KOJIOHHbl
cne.rr.yeT npe,ll,YCl13TpHBaTb no THny }KeCTKHX paMHhlx Y3JIOB.
4.16. B cJIYQae npH1feHeHHH cBapHblx KapKacoB Bce coe,nHHeHHR
npO,ll,OJlbHblX H nOnepeqHbIX CTep>KHeH ,ll,On>KHbJ HMeTh HopMHpyeMYIO
npOtuiOCTb.
4.17. npH HHTeHCHBHbIX ,ltHHaMHllecKHX HarpY3K8x cneAyeT npe,D.-
YCM8TPHBBTb YCHJIeHHOe nOnepeqHOe apMJlpOBaHHe Y3JIOB >KeJIe300eToH"
fiblX paM (pUC. 124).
.P3l1HbIH Y3eJI B 30He nepeCelleHHH pHrenR C KOJIOHHOM Heooxo
IfMO
apMHpoBaTb ,ltOnOJ1HHTeJlbHbllfH XOMYTBMU H CTep>KHHMH ,nH8MeTPQM
8-10 1fM COOTBeTCTBeHHO C warOM 70-100 MM, 8 TBK}I{e YCHneHHoA
nOnepellHoft BPM3TYPOH Ha npHMbIKalOw,IIX YQaCTKaX pHreneii H KO--
JIOHH C m8rOM, BllBoe MeHbWHl1, QeM TpeoyeTcH no paCqeTY Ha era-
TH'!CCKHe HarpY3KH, HO He OOJIee too MM.
4.18. no CBOOOAHblM rpaHHM M8CCHBHblX KOHCTpYKI{HA CJIe.n.yeT


1&1




YCTan3BJlHBaTb npOTHBOYC3JJ.O'lUYIO apMaTYPY 1-13 CTaJUi KJl8CCa A-I H3
CTCp}l{Heii ,ll,H8MeTpOM ) 2
M npu TOJUUHlle UJIUTbi ha
 1.5 M; 16 Ml1
npll 1,5< l1 n<3 M; 20 l1M np" I1D
3 M.
ApMlfpoBaHHe BbJnonHReTCSI B BH,ll,e CCTOI
 HJlH Kapl{3COB.. Illar
apM3TypbI B 060HX Hanp3BJleHHSlX H83HaQaeTCSI 200-300 "1M.
4.19. l-!e3aBHcHMo OT Tpe6oB3HHH p3CQeTa Bce npoeMbi npH p83...
Mepe CTOpOH oOJlee 300 MM H3,ll,Jle}!(HT oKaHMnHTb npoTIIBoyca.u.OlJHOii


1


 :::r -



:.;








L
h6 ...






YI/O£tnoK vrllNiI




NOlO nOnellel/Hb-
,


 /!.


 OPMupoBoHUR
 :::i-


'"
:t: t:j
1 . /f '"
IT
..

 "'I >

i

 "-  ..
:/'
 "
.
'/
3/- ,/


 UJ02" 100
......
L
.
. '/
,
1
 ....
... .
..


A..


,S)


J


hk






PIIC. 12
1. npHMCp apMnpOB3Hlut Y3.,"13 COnpH>KeHIIH >KeJle300eToHIIoro
pl-1reJIH C KOJIOHHOii npH HHTeUCHBHblX ,lUfH3:41f'IeCKHX B03.neIIcTBHHX
1 - apM8Typa KonOHHbl: 2 - apM8TYpa pHI ell
f; 3 - AononllHTenbHble BepTHKanb"
UbJe CTepiKIlJi; -1 - .n.OITOJlnIlTe.JJbl1bl
 J'OpH30HT8nbltblC XOMYTbl


1-t
-


J


J


2


PHC. 125. 38K.na
H3S1 JeTaJ1.h
npn C,ll,BHraJOUleH ,L(HH8?vIlI t lecKOii
3HalonepeMenHoii HarpY3Kc
I - CT8JlbffaSi n.naCTHHa; 2 - HOp

MaJIbHblH aliKep; .3 - H8KJlOIIHhlA 811'"
l<ev; 4 - ynop lf3 CT8nhHOH QJl8CTUIlbl


k..
1


152




aplf3TYPOH 03 CTep>KHeii ,nHaMeTpoM 12 lfM H3 cr8nn KJIaCCa A-I. 3BAe..
1I3HIILIX B MaCCHB Ha 8eJIHQHHY lu.
4.20. Opn Ha3HaQeHUU pa3MepoB onopHblx nOBepxHocreft KOucr-
PYKlHH, BocnpuHuMaIoUlHx .ll.HHaMHqecKlie H3rpY3KH OT o60py.nOB3HHH,
p3CcToSlHHe OT rp8HH Ko.no

eB 3HKepllLlx 60JITOn /to HapY>KHOA rpa..
HU KOHCTPYK
HU cne,llyerr npHHllM8Th: D.JIH oonToB .nH3MeTpOrvI)10
36 lfM - He MeHee 100 MM Ii ,ll,.,'1SJ 60nTOB 60JIblllerO llH8MeTpa - He Me-
Ilee 150
'{lf.
KpOlfe Toro, B c.nY'J3e npHMeHeHHH 60JITOB c aHKepHbIMu nJIHTaMII
p3CcToHHHe OT ocu OOJIT3 AO Kp3SJ KOHcTpYKnHH cne
yeT npHHHM3Tb
pBBHbIM He MeHee 'IeTblpex ,ll,H3MeTpOB OO.,TITa. npu HeB03MO>KIIOCTH co-
6JIIO,ll,eHHH 3Toro ycnoBHH Me>K.ny 60J1TOM II rpBHblO KOHCTPYKItUH yc-
T3H3BJIHBBIOT AonOnHHTeJIbHYIO 3PM8TYPY.
4.21. EcnH 3CiK..TIB,ll,HaH ,ll,eT3JIb paCCQHTaH3 HB BocnpHHTHe 3HB-
KonepeMeHHLlx H3rpY30K. CJIeJJ.yeT npe,ll,ycM3TPHB8Tb YCT3HOBKY Ha"
XneCTOqHbIX 3HKepoB, paooT31oUlHX U3 oceBoe p3CTH>KeHHe OTJ}.eJIbHO B
K8>K,nOM UX 3THX HBnp3BJIeHUii, B TalOKe' ycr8HOBKY ynopHbJX Il..flBC'"
THHOK UJIU CTep>KHefi (pRC. 125).




.....


ttJ
:t:
:t:
ttJ


C


C-.




154


gJ
A.


I-a
<


<
o
c
g.}
:B
z:
=
<
cr


0;
:=
o.

Q,)<t>

::r
=(Q
Q.:C
t:



0
CL>'
04)
m
(1)
o=

c;
E2
u O

'8
':so
0=1;..)
x=
t:Q
4)
o_


I-

'0"':1'"

 (C
,-U=;


 or;::
cn
...o
0
s:;
:s;:
eoQ.

=;c
.
..a. t:i.
I:;
 <:j



*




 Q.:5
0:5

:c
 (.)
I-
:t;



.
So
t3 c
u
0 co
J-. :c
=:

 g



 t;1i;

 QJI:;
:r

OJ'"

(.)
t!
. I:E:
OJ


:'::
(ooe
Q. -«I CJ
to

:2

Q.o
«5=
!


OJ
!
«J
CJ
'"
""
Q
=
t:{
::




..... ...

 ...
0

CI
lS)

0
CI G'I
-
...... ..-
I ,
c:( c:(



LO

... --
0
/I II II
u U t-J
... ..
....


0

 00

 ...... ......
0 00 0 01:'1
q. .... 1 Q') et:)
l I 1 t
(.0 0 00
--' q. --

 Ie
ie
I I I I
.... .... ..... ....





1.0 U"J U"J1.O
* *
.... --- le

t-r-

I
 I I

 .... ....
re

('tj
U"J

ca'g5


 e

£-t
uJS

ooet:)('tj

 ,-,-



uE-t



 000
uuo



 .... .....
'(0 '0
Q)tJ <U'-
g;CJ =-0



CJ,.tt


oC:;
'-:x: -='
CI: =: ..




:x: :s:

=l Q,.


tO 0;0>=
(tJ
 ast:
I:Q as .....
GJo= U
.... .....
:=0::1=;..... I
:c


iE=:i

=< <
o..

«J.e-
c1)
.... E-O
E-tOJ: a
a.
U:x:
r::


......
......
.....c
<::
o


(S)
CI


.--
.....


.
<C




C'f)
II
u


...
o
8





Jl


tele
I I
..... ....



U"J



ie

I I
.... -"



LOI.t:>










<L 0
"-
ero.....
c:;
....
Q..u.....
O(l)

""';:r

::

5
::s;:O
Q...

O::Q)


C





o::
:E


Q.=:i.e.
CII
O
r:-E-a.
u=Q




-.... a:

 = :>
Q.iJ

C):I' <C
::E
 CD

 =:z:
Q.('fJ -

 t:c (;)
'0

 0 C'J

 4) ·

 OIU :>
:C
QJ
rc
:C"'" ....
O(W');c ,
c =;0 <J:

 UC

O
::







CO
 LQLQ
E=:'(U:c II 11

I::(=:C

co 0 .;z; =




g

a
oJ:;
 ..... .

t.. ego fb



 0


u
:a: Q.



1:a(oot<3J
=:cQ.l:C , I
:a..Q2
;=
O
Wo.

:c
Q,.I 00
:C
f- ...... -
CJ
(oot
! Lt)1e
(


 I ,
«:I
(11II
t3
 .... ....
0


CJ
0 (Q Lt",)LQ
L... :c
=



 0 t.r.)l.(.)



 (11II I'o

f-oe u:= I I
ell=;
:1'«S ..... ....
«S(IIII



CJ

 U?LQ
=
c ::::r
0

s.



s.
a;
«St-tU 00><

CQi-t
=sCJ 0
Q.

cu


!
>a :>
(oot

 .....
2 I
Q. <

 tOO
CJ U
(.J (J

 I.'U






 ..
t:( (j)
=



0
t-.


:> ......
< es


CS) (Sl

 CI
"-
> ......
I t
<C

'":':

LQ U
"

u
. ..
... (')
0 0

 00
.....

 co
I J
0


*
K: C'I':)


, J.
-

 R!
it:' co
*
te ...
t'-..
I ,
....

00
t'.

1.0
f-e
e I
CI
><


, I
<Oc:t

<O
c.


I-.
:>

I
<

0
I.'U O::d'7


",aJ
co $ &<0
r:::
::d
t:e
CQ

.. 0o::c:;
<IJ



;E :a=
Q.

0  >. (1J

 o(...



...
Q..


(;)
CI


.....
.




j3
o
11





ft
'00
.....


J
cY:)


.


.




.
......








..
....
1'0
,




, I co

=u
L..t::tu
r-OtOO

:=

::s Q.,

Q.


J::o::
c:;
0::(1=:
<0
.e..
=°0
.
Q.,
QJ",c:

&o
Q:; t-t' "-t

...o
:a


OO::UQ..
o

CQ


155




CJ

 fjl t< OHqIt'
J.lJbOJU')J8
o:<t>
 cOL
AHHW otl

 y 9 =Q.


 . <t>:>-
 ,.99
.&lUiW
)KHH
(.-=

f;
E-e:C CG

Cl
 g= 0..(1) >'O)Q.



 <t> OllqU'a
H hOllnl9

 :e:!!
'- i
t:
 o9g
hH1tW otl
:a 2
C =v

 :E


 0017 JAHHW C))KHH

 eJ_
=:cu Zo:
a:ltc O


=
 (.-t:Qo OHqU'

HhOllt'>J8



 :a
:x:

 r.i: <:J= ::> 00 v ;) hHHW 0)1
t:: =
g
ct


 ::t
S2 f"'t1:iJ'
 00£
hHHW a>K I-fH
:N

o; °2


c:
Q.

C) C.
:x:Q.

S f'" =
 1235- OHqttaJ.H hOUf>t8
::r
 c,; ':2j;Q


 :x:
o =c
 oOg
hHIiK otl
0 :r:t:

 a:
fS: Q..>' ==
E-eC::: XHHHU'a'S

 (JO :x:
=:J:{
 XfClWaeSJUfUBJ.O 8
t:a

O
 £..



 OH<1 ItaJ.Hh OUf>J8
I-c
8.
(..) MQ) =: ::> cOl ::>cHHW otl


 t:



CJ ::> 099
hH HW a>KHU

 x
t

 ::CCU .....
Q.

 0:: =
E-e0) 0
 t::( <t> OHqU
J.H h 0llf>l8
::c QJO :I: (t)
t:
 099 JAHHW otl
Q j;Q
 0;Q


 0 j;Q <t> J oOV ;).c<HHW a>KHH

g =: "" :sZf-

 CJ CG O
t.=
t-
I:;
 =
a:lO
I(
t:
 :25== OHQUaJ.HhOJ1f>iS




 Q.at J oOt
hHHW o'r1
CJ

:iJ' ::> 00£ JhHHW a)KHH
"-

 C) f"'(.-

-< '" O



 =
 c.
a::
 (.- =:z:

 c;;s SA So OHQU'a.LH hOUf>lQ
:; (.-
=
 (j :t: ::> 003
.c<HHW otl
== QjQ..
:: =:>a
CVE-e
gJ :s
 XISHHe
G

 =Q.. XIQWae8HU'UB.LO B
gJ Q.

r;::c


a1 .
c.
:: (.-
;::E-e
i
"- = .:s:;
C r.o :=
eJ:c J::t
0


C
OCJ

 co
;::Q,. CG=
== .:s:; =: a:a
:: Qj
f-
I( c;
 :ECJ
M ctJo
-< iIIIIC')
eJ>.

 c..

 Xf,.., ;Q


 c;Q.
=: (j>.
Q..><
(.-




=



g Q.





CQ'-"
(-0 A GJ
:QeJtI:: =:
t::(
:::;
 :lJ .. g
=Qja; Q.:ci



ctJ ;;.0.
 .... 0
v t

a:I
-
WOJ=f'"
Qj

 eJ "'"' (j
:is Q., >a
.



=Q)!::
OC,jtV
Ql
O J:i t:{:2 ."
OctJ
 ,a ...
::t Q.. Qj &3=

CJco


o x

156


111+11+ I I
"1+11+ I I
I I I ,-+ I + .... ...
++
+++++-1-+ ++
+++++++ ++
fIIf ..r "'"
+11-1-11+ +1


..
+ I I +.1 I + ....

-I- -1-
++1++1+ ++
+++++++ ++
-
+++++++ +-1-
-

i




 0<.0

......
JllJJll f I
00
_ P'"'f
CI
CNCI
CI
C'I':)
ro!::(..)t::C) Eg
c:::gt::
.c
J;;
C)
 ("I'J



CY.) ("I'J C'f
 E-e l-'
 et:)
()OO


()
?i5
w
.... .....
. a-4
« ,
<
... ....-y ...-.
, I I ,

1::( c::
o..
... 0..
£

 e
L1?
0:: 0:
(Qtli:r-

CQ U

<U
O Qj
::::t: :=



 ;E
0.. CO ... ar
Q)
C:
r. a; Cd u') Eo-
,-'

 t'- U




N I I I 1 + I I I -f

I +"1-
I -
... 1;'11 1+
1++ 1+ 1+ + I +
,.. ... ="

J++ ++ 1+ + +++ +
... CI') CW)
+++ ++ 1+ + +++ +
- r
+++ ++ ++ + +++ +
-
,., ....
 c.q
1++ 1+ 1+ + I I I J
,-
... cq ...


1++ +-1- 1+ + +++ +
'<II
... eN ...
1++ -J-+ 1+ + ++ -fit +
-
+++ ++ ++ + +++ +
r
+++ ++ ++ + +++ +
OO
 00

 ! 001f:)LQ

oo
 11 .....

 U")
I I J I J JJJ I



 <cco 00 C')
-- -
 .... ....
v-
C
 .... £-4


£-e







 t I I I

,--,- 11) r-. CI
uCX) 0 CV)
 00:< :<

 ....
aJ
 C't')
eN
.....

..... ;> =»
...... .... > ....
. .....
(J ...... .....
, .
I . ,




< < < c:( «<
bd:1 ' c I .. I ..
Q.,
1,,)o:: o t;:*
=-e--- <uotrt:;,... 0. co
&000 £-. Q.:: ;:s;: r-.. t:
C't')
o.
 c;t::(..e.J 0: J:{ 1
J:: c: l. ') ;>a 0 0 CQ

c:: :s:: Q.,
 =tl::B"
D::oE-- CQ Q. c; 00 ::I:CQ




 QJ:c t"-

L..U <u t::
 Q.. (Q
=00 = =: ....

'fJ


 :E::t:o:: E-e
E--
(oooIU'-' ucaoE--



o

ij
 =10

ffi5g



P"t:{J:;t-r- U =e


 o
gr-.


....


..


]57








;oj














o
rc
:)





 OHq Ira J.H h our >IS

GJ
 00 L JhH HI'" o'rt


g.



 099 J..:KHW a>KHH
£o-
 GJ
f-'


 X


Q..<tJ >a(tJQ.


 t::(xC) OHqlta.LHhOUf>ta



;Qi
 o9S
AHl1W o'rt
o

:2Q.1
 001' JAtUIW a mHH
===
<i.I£o-
:e0 C
:



 t-
o Ollqlta
lI hOlIt}la
Q.I :'i=:C

 GJ=: Q.
t
 oOt
AHHW aD'
= =:i

:r
 ooe
JHHW a>K1Ul
:::f
£ f-'t-(J

 C1J
 oo

>a :;roQ.
 <i.I Q.
Q.
o =:c OHqIL'a
11 hOlU'}JS
£0- :ef-' eEl=::


j:Q Q.
 008
AHHW o'r1
:= e8
t:

 t::(
= I xHHHe'rts


;
OqWaeaHIL'UeJ.() a
£0- -.. -
= OHqJta.LH h OUf}lS
>a >(4.1
t:; D;;e,
 00L.
AHKJ
 o'rt
C <i.I;=:

 099 ;>hlUIW a)J{UH
u

 == xa«s

t::(Q.


 roO'J GJ OHq IL' uJ.H h 01 It"}IS


 i Xc
 ogg
AHHW o'r1
eEl :'i

0 £.
:Ef.I
 oOy
AH}1W a)KHH
t:;

= 4)
CJ o




 t-
o OHqIra.LKhOfIL')IB
:a
::c
::.:: 0.1;£0-
 oOt
AUH
 o'rt
(J ::'::COl
Q.I f.-4


 00£ J,{HHW cnKHH

 Of-'

i:
o


 :z:
Q.
f-' eEl = OHQ IL'aJ.H h OIIL'>Ja
u Q.
 oO
 ;)AHJfW o'rl

c
xlSHHe'rls
X(CIW
eaHIfUe.LO u


..
Q.
t-
ell,!

:a
IE
t:[





i=:
GI


u


:is
va.

t'
t:;


2
Q.




41
:s;:
2i .:1
A.:iSn

-t-
 0
f-::ti:
.....
«J '<tU --



t
Q.v:.:Q1

"'Q.I;r
1=:[&:a Gl
=
:a.:
CQG:::
G>
Q.


t58


+


-J-


+


+


+


+


+


+


+


+



t
Cf)


......
1
Q.
aJ


. I -
O
O:
Q..t:tC::
=o=

01: :s: -&1'-
co Q..O I
== 0: <U Q.. 0")
::t:
cc


::t: I
oQ.. o

:c
C'd




 O
 0....
21 2

O OQ.a




:r"


I'PI
 I r
 .'.
""- (1) - E-a Cd :a
:: tC  00 (,J == ::f



 a I =
::c .::: ... ·

:: := t;i ..... ·
 :=s ;.:
c:; :f (1)" t.C Qj (Q

t::{

 r.c
 e;.
 '"

.--.
 ..... CJ) (t) QJ




 t;
a
o (,) ...... ...... (Q ..... ..Q
S ::

 -- Q..;

a.

:t t::::I:

(1) Q)
 == Q..
::E
 .....
 .
=_

o IV
;:::; Cd U -I'-'
tc (;
t!..


I
i:Q ca
 '"""
 - 0 IICi

ca Q.. c..
 en ;



c.. c;: t:: (Q C) CQ Q.. - ......
<U (,J (.) 01:




 t g

 Ct) =
t::
:J" >. C:;::C. 0:S:


 =
 ca .....
 t; U :I:
Q) Q. II!;:aCQ C
O
CQ E-e

 5 ::E CI'> C JI
': co
 (-oa (-0 0::: 0:: g:a
o t':[ (Q ca CJ) :s: c; 0 cu
::E 0
:I(Q :co:c

<U
 (1) Q..
 (Q t:t E-e
>. :E ca
 ('I') (Q 1f:)
Q..
 0 t:
 =


;.:

 ': 0 ..

 0
.!;:: Cd CJ) 0 M
(,J ·
2i
 EJ:
::;:-
 o<Ua

::c Q..
 <U (1) ::c ..:c co
=(Q


=

:EE-e



 ===..... c:;

o


== = ;&
= s
 C

 Q.. """HI I U'-
<U 9 t: aoO (-oa """ (-oa ca ... :is
() E.o::


<
 =
 Q..
Q)
 ::t: <U ': tJ ('I')

:s: ::e <U Q)
 0 C'd f-..a
 E-e
x
 ::E £-.






Cd;:
 ;.: 8::c (Q
 C)
 Q..

Q)
 Q.. ()

 ==o=

Cd :x: f>'I = 0..
 ::c :c

;ES CQQ) ==E-e
=:4
Q.. Q.. ::{
 E-e:Q Q. 0 0 E-e

(1) i:: 5
Q..C(-oa
0
t

 E2
:w
 CQ

 'g
X>c:cQ
 OI:g
 Q..q
Q..
2i :is

 :c.....:E >'Q) E-e
==
 >. <U Q) Q E-e c; C'd
=
CQ c:: t: 2::c Cd'


 :=
0')

:s: 0 ;.: =" Q..
 g:a
tJi:: :: 0 t::{ c..o c;: <u:e 0

 (1):i; Q) t: Q.. t: 'C:;

 -:. 5
=

 ::c

I:t (1) (JO >.
O
== ..,.. 0 E-e

::c::
 ==
==
 OI:




CQ& ca t;
=' (Q
C;Q)
ooC:;
 o
 ",=
a:
r. ::c:: >a
 t::{ :J"..a
. =
 ::f
..a :s: (-0 ..... == .w ==

a
 <U =
: t;

-&

 (-oa (,J
 ...... Q..
 Cd ::ro: Q.-&
:t: <U :c

t-o... c::




 Q)
 ; .
:

...... 0:: III:!:C ><.......
 L...
Woe C
 CdO::f>'I -'"""

Q.. == Q.. 0 tJ;.: .. c; g :zs
c::
 Q) Q.. CJ


  :c '"""

,r-.
 C
 v (1) ca .....
0:= · c; 16t >a==E-etr'o
(.)Q..CJ)




 0:: O

t =


 ..Q ca t::-
 (Q -5 g-

CQ (-a Q) <I)
 E-e Q.. tJ (J P"::a:



<u
g>.6 <U=o=



g;s;

::C::
 :E
C1




:e::st;:I><(-oa =:
 lOt
t::( U t:: CJ Q.. CJ c..:iS a, Q. aJ ==

==(1)
<:C-P-4 .::f

... C't
 Qe E-- :4..

..... G'I


b ca
 t:: c.. e-





 co , 0
. o:.r ,,
 ::: 5

 ° I J I I I t t + 1 , I t

v
 1 I I



.,...

o 8

1:;;- 0: Ol:i

<:$CQ= Q.. 0

 t:a.
 I:: C,)

 1:i;:t;<i.l U 00

U Q"
 21;=: 'Ii 0
c 0 =ci
::E
 +1 I I I 1+ I I I I I , t::: ;:s::
CQ

 8- :;c::C:Q)0') S
 1,,)

>.cuo t::: x;
«sQ.!a2



 c;t-.Qv :: t':(

 (0- :I: ::

 a<Jt-e- 0

Q. :C:S:.Q
Ci: (YJO="a2 Ct') U c::
UJ

Cj I I I I I I 1+ I J I I I I t:
:2 <J .,-
:s:

 <%I co 0 0
=
<
 Q. I:i
 0
I- ::
 ::c
gJ 0. t- oo


t: '- 0

 :.,;o,
 "'d'I1.O
:: «11:10:0(,) I , I 1 I I I I 1 1+ 1+ 1+ C,) a
:: Q.
S

;<
 ..c;=cS' si :: x
:25 .,. ...:C::E; = (1)
"'<J i
:c Q.

::

 Q)
t- £-
xQ.
 dO £...t



 c;'f)'IIt' Co) 0
:c
:c=o

 I J I 1 -1--1-+ I t I J I I I I t- 
< 0 <i.I......
Q. (J)
::&: v
r:;8s...


 ::

 :s: - v "'" f-o


 ,.; a .QC):r =: 0 ::c
.cu::o 0
< 0:: cu 1:iQ.}:E:C 0 c.; 0
M
 f- CU
«I
 Ct')
(U
 :s: cu J m c
Qj
 :::C
 1 1+++1 1 t I I I 0, I


 a

;:(


 (J
 c:: C,)
c:: C,)
 C,) Eo-
>a :s: t) CJ
t:( C m 00

0 u:
LQ
 CQ
t:{ :s:: I t J I t I t I I ++ -1-+ -1-+ IJ) ::
:: III ::v ::s: c::
(1) 0 s;:a

o to:

c:: :c s:; cu
 :: o/:t

:I;J C.J t<i.l
:::5
 tS
< <o::u 00 :t;
I
 I:il:Qc;<i.I(f) V;)
 =c

t- QlJ5
::
 I I I + I I f J J I I . , i I I
 £...t
V :atU(:Q.



* S
 C,)
(.) :S;::-
CI'- >a


 t.[
t'3

 =:
::c Q;I(J=U 0 ::=
('I";)
:: c;CI
 Ct') Io<

::

 Q. ° I +1 I I I I I I t I I t 1 c;
-e-
:c
 (f)

o



uJ C,) MQj
::=:: 0'-
=
 co ..
 CJ:s;:
gJ ::c =(Q cU";)01f:)
CC 00

 00 0


 ('t)

:E oo
--CI CI-- CN""" CI- t- o

'I  III' I I JJ I I u
g
::£ ;: '-L..
:: .. 00

 t;C

-.:::f'I,.....-tO
 coco <.0(.0

Q. tJ::
g- -- ::Ct=:
C t Q..
o
(J)
f-
= - :; c..

0 CQ c; '- cc

t1


<OLCtg

 t::( >a
C
 ..... ::c=
>- <J
 t:

=t::

 U U
 · c:
t:

 C,) c.....


 ...L..

=

0
 Q. 00 Cf.) 00 00
 Cf")
 c..... U
:s:



E-t-E-

l- c..... 0.. =t [
:::
e::( :s::



:: (.- :2 UU
UU
U 0 (1
 >,0


 QJaJ COco aJ - 1f:)
>.
::c
:c :: -
Eo- Q.. 0..
..Q
< t- c::
CJ v · c.; Q.. Qj
M '" t- .....;:c1,,)t-
< :r ::s: ot:=:
C'd
 Ct') C'r? et:) Ct')

 ::c Q. <J C'I et:) C".) CY.)
:£o


 (Q <J
 --. -.... "'- .. Qj Q.
>< a:I 00 to <.0 <0 O::I0<
£--
v t:; t3


 :::B (",)
21 ::.:: U U U ::c::Ccc:o


CJ :c


C;
g III
0 :r
i:t::
c:; :c *
t


c::
 .... .C";) .ct';) et:)

 0 (-.
 I'- I'- l'- :2S2C,):I::
:;:: u I 1 I I :s:-"'u
....


 0 0 .....
 .....
 ::c (1)
::r:: J.-. 00
 0,). 00 t:
 · CQ
00 C".)
 c-.1
Qj a> o


.....
 ...... Q.,

159






L.LJ


:z::


o


a...
t::


:zs
A-


<
:e
"-
..c
IS:
o
CIQ
gJ
:c


A-
gJ
i-
<.>
II::
=:
=
u.J
:c
:s:
5
o
u
x
:is
:c
A-
-<


u


:a
=
:s:
I-


2
:c
CIQ
o
=
u
o


160


Q.I
:a
2i


::I:
c,,:I:
..«I
tttt.l
:C'"
r:;

0>-
c




Q.
""::2
GI;(::2
2

«S 4»i

t;



UI_
(j
""

:2o.






=
g

ae




 G)
A;
;E


(O

 Q.5
t;GI=

t



;
;;f

.




tt
=g:
0a:

8

<J




u


g 'CQ
 I.
G)o==>.=:r:

=rC(jJ(JQJCQ(ij
CQ
=:co61lt-...
O
t:-=,-t<JQ.
J::owl;{
i!.;ca

'O=8gS2l

o ::II: CJ ..... ::I:


tC
!a
c


::II:
:f
o
u


>c:; 00

 .h r-.


::t:
C::






 a
:: =
 co
:s: =: f0-
e::(
 C3J e::(
 g
GJ':;
0(-4= o:U
(J
 Go> = ....
co50[>.1
==MGJ:E

- '- Q) '- GI'"
a)i:5=yad





UjUj
I f I I I
(CO<'o
C'f)
fIIIIIIIt


.....= ....
... ... ... ""':' Q.
«<a:Ja)


a::
co IX
:I:

ta


ij
f-!::r
:Co
Of-!




.
::CGJ
00
(W):C
=..Q












.
E--




.
o ... 00
£-eCU co


E-- t
Q.. ('t) U 00

R-o

.  r .q..
..0.......



o
E6
.

t2
cL
=:=:C3JC3J:C =Q):a
::ti
=SE3:C1::f8
:2O
o
C3J ..Q aJ 0 ::c: Q..
 !XI c::
:c ::t: "" co C3J Uj 0
= QJu
:C£-et:{°o =

C? :2 =: (..)
 0

E-e co t:t 0
 Q) =:
(J "-/ Q. 0:: 0
 '- c:: Q)
 (1)

 £-::t:
Q)O::l:OO

(1)*
;J:3


:c

=
c.. C:..Q M

=C3J

:>.[a
Q)oCQ
a)
 3 I::f <-J :2
  Q..:c a) ::c::






I I I
<.00(0
....


....
.... ....
..... .... ....
. . I
«



"


"


et:»
,
E--







:S:I

 Q..:iS

t::::C
.:i

C3J I::f=

 O


 ceo
Q.. !::f
QJO j,;;j

t=:C3JQJ
(.)

a:::

 c..




 =
::CCC,J':£


-. ... n


11-661


OOOCl

"-J" 00
 M C'fJ
i I I I I
00000



-



.....=>

..... ..... .... ... .,,-
I I , I ,
c(<(<C<Cc(


0=



to- m

 0
;Q::t:
t-

:2:(0-
0(.)




'a...
:Co
0=



E..::;





o
.
u




QJ


o
E--


GJ




o
E--


Q..
,
u




OOCl

QO

 «.'1
I I I I
0000
--' -"
 ....


.....,=»
..... ...

t , I I
«<ex:


--








.
u






o
CQ 00 Ct)

 <.0 E-t



 I u I
uu
o

O°'-'C>4

L-.
=



. ,
o::c..
::CCU
t:;i-
0=
=
:<
J5:cCQ
(,:Q=

Q..

mo

 .e;..

g;X
(,:Q<J:a
u t :c


000
1


oJJ
CI




....
....

.... ...... .....
. , .
«c(


,




c::

C3Jeo
:r:t=::c
;cent:{

oo
aJaQ..
o


"




I
o
aJ


000




JJJ

C'IC'I


.....
..... ......

 .... .....
. . ,
C(cC<C


.
>-,t:{
C;=O;e
g
=o
....
 U


tr:


O
J:;
=

-e-
a
::r
aJ


A


'-
t






o






CO 00
o CD
:: I

E--oo
UUO)
0°
or _

(Q...........



oo
,oo

oJJ
C':I
<N


.....
...

.....
 .....
, . .
«<


,
E-




::c


:c


_'9 '- 0
WOQ..
::c
:5


A


.-.
t


aJ


161








G)
i
..Qr;c

$
=

;It (0
a

t;

0
c..1
0..
(o-.I

QJ:;E:!
::s
.
CGGJ

:C(o-.GJ
t::{ (J ::
U':lJ


Q.

:i





=
8a
8<0
u

-
6)
G)
:: ::(
:z:9,!c.
6)-(0


a2
o Q.u


=
°CJQ.
t: t:
::=
a

u;:

":r:
Q..:c .

GJ
<J:=
sa:



,0
tVCJ
::s
GJ
. o

U
GI ' j;Q
 I · I
o
o;>aB;a2Z
i
$
(Ja2£ooe

o::l:t-:CO
(J(o-.
c;('t) ;:s::J..u P,
(JoQ)l;{oQ.




$8t:


U
-
tJ:


:c
'$

(-c

6)
U'
U






R.
;::


::s
t




rc
c




162



oo

.


t I I
000
C'I
C1


..-
...... ......
,.... ...... ......
I I I
<
,,



tJ

0 . CQ 0
0::
 C,)
CQ£-4 u 5a
m




 >a:;-&
aJa
e:{
t::
o
:5t:::


,
..g
c::



e-:C
Q..
(1)
aJ


-EfE3-


aJ
I
t::
aJ


tJ) ..'
:= :: a:: 0..
-


 :I:

- ...... Q.. =.:

0::Q)0
0:c
(.)


c;:C3J
t:2o(.)::i5
><
>.= Q. CQ:s:

1::{Q.f-4

:cl::
 0..
QJ
 ;.;:
 j;Q R
:£(1)a;O


O;Eo:cQ..g;;:<


:I::C
c.J:a
1""1

CQ u £-4.....
......t-OCQ <1)....


000

CO-.:::t"
t i I
000
C':tCl



...
...... )0000oI
-


. t I
<:«


,




o::
coQ)

=
=
a°t::{
r{''-O
.....OQ..
:I:
2:


.
==8
0;2:
('I')..g
a.

o

L-.



C'I
I
:E:
c;Q




o
= 00
o 


 I

uoo
uo

. (

c:'f.)
"'"






C'I?C'I?C'I?
I I I
000
C1




......
..... ......
...... ....-c

I I I
<<t.<


,
=
=
f-4uOO
o::
 e-

i





ot::{E

aJ
0Q$

° Q.;iS g






.


..


Q)
o
Q:I
o
;:.::
:is
Eo-
U







 · t . :2
oOt'J;Eo
F-c.,
Q.Q..
:Qt:::ud)f-4
Q.. >a£-4(1)
::c:: C:(.J:E
e-':S: 0

oor::( -=s
a

==
f"!'f '-
:;; t:::t:

'" C 0
5.1I

 i'

ooCJ;: I
CQ
 c; U
::::

U - c
 CJ.J,...,
-a a:r CJ.J ;::... "'II


o
t6=>.
t::

o.;;r

= J:it:
o..
XCJ.J
o
S2
5





 ..o:t 0 c:
=
 E-C::
o..
.....
=

 ....;;r ..Q
:.E.Q0
 E-
-1-4'c::(::CCJ.J


"""
M
CO


C::

:Q(1)
US
::CCJ.Jf-4t;


o


J
CI


I


000
Too'







o e..
oo

I I
cc
''1 C1


,......
I
<


"""'"
"""'" "-



I .
<<t:


"-'
.... .....
...-c .... .....
I I I
<c<



.......


-


I I I

t::{



'O::
c;
.o
o
,,=
:t::c

o
:C

::c


3



(.)



:S;:,:S:
I 'Ii''' 0
6

=
 £-4:0:=
£-4
CI:Ct'Jo
I:C
 f=' S ;;ro




 'g


:s;:r....=c::

0£-40

 ::c::
p-4t'J::I;Z Cd
.....:E:E.... :J;
-u


--.
I :s:


= CJ.J
;= .:a
 0 CJ.J
Oca

::c
gs.g


"""=t:;:


2

:s;:


oc::

:J: c=
c.J


-


.
=8

=
== ..Q
c..=.:
o

r....,t-


I
.Q,
t:; Q.

ro(1):c
£I:C..Q
O:s;:1:;
('t) CQ
a.
$
O::l;

r....,


.
.Q
c::




::I;
0..
CJ.J
a::J


-.


1r- ' 9=1 -


..


-& - & . --t


- r




'""


..


CU i =
0;
.


tot.
tI
:I:
'-t..


OOO
C'I

OO
C'JC1
I I I I I
00000
-. - ..-. - ,....


t-4=::»
..... *'-C *'-C ...-c
, I , I t
<
<C
<


:=
t;:;E


=


-
°o


'-an;
>'::c 1Xl


 51
t;




I
.QIQ)
c:; Q. 0


=
:c ..Q
o==;
('t)

5..8&1
0:c£-4
£...


....
--




"
'.


."




---
<!J QJ oj
0 0 0

 CQ


0 0 0

 ::c:: $[-. I

 :is
(-t f-u

U U uo

trl . .
 (J')
co t-- .....
II * li3














t:


;:s
:c




c






4)


.00:

$



:C


::(
g





Q.
",';:2
GJ



 Q. ..
=


t::( (J



(Jt;:a

CUc..
.;:S>.


t-



=
8a
o

05






:z:4)Q.

=


;ECQ
o c.. <J
-=:4)=
ofoot",
t::(.)c


:s:
S


>.

Q.=
t-4:C
(JCIJ
=I':G
o


QI
«10

u


U


,, , j;Q ,

'W'
 . E-

g:J'g4)o
:S(04
CQ
:.$c

c..
o i ., ac: -=t $

s:: 0 4) CIJ = >a QJ ;C


:c8=<JCQ",
IRO:C 0

c.. <J


IX


:c
1:




CI
o




J64


,,
I' '01" t ,= , = --::1

o=o
 o








o=
ut
O









,Q:j C ::c (J :: :a ... I c:I 0 :s
 Q)
.Q
 C3J ... l

.


 9 :a ti:
 Q.,
 ::s
=1::{ u 0 C3J
 c..c..o u

!:

 CQ CQ....

 CQ :c:: 0 '" (1) Q..
 - CQ
 Q:I ,,=: ,-.


o



S=5a


o

85

o '"'" (1) ..... c:: .... u" £-4 Y
:C.. c:: c.J


O


=
O
' U


==;


=

 t



 ,


0:: Q) Q. t-... =t C3J e , .. 0=
 a ..,


Q..
=",



o
=b



O
I.l... ::I
 :: t: c:: I.l... S'
 ::c :c
 ?- ffi a 
...: Q. « .....






, , 1
000


 ....




...... ......
..... ....

. I I
<<e<




:2

:s:


:s
oOcu
,-'-cc

:t:o


 ;;J
-&


.
=C3J
00
(W)=
=..Q
Q.t:;
o

'-'



---





I





.

. :


 I




C)
o
c:I tv)
o t'-o

[-c I
QU

o

t

 ,....





= ( :: J
 CQ 'i"
£-e .J,. 10 t:t 0 v S ::s
co


- ,..



'-'
Q.. t-(
 C'I
CO = >


 :is J.. co"":" I
(J Q......... -... 0
(.)
. . .-.

 t'J Q,)",.....:a.-.. ==
I:; to::
 :2 Q.,:E :a
t::{

 :I E- ::;E > c...
, =: QJ ,...

::a t::{ 0 :E 0 , C3J
G'I c-.......oo t'S
 c::c :2


...- .........--


t ,. ...... t
........
 == (1)-- <J

- 0(1.,)=

 cs C:;
, =:
.....
t::(c:t:(-

....


;:.:: I
=

:iS<




Q..
S2C3J
 <.J>.=
:c a e-

::
 '::.:
...
5:J: (1)
:= :1 < '
>.0
 ::c Qw
r:: Q.. toW

 C3J CQ

f:
05M

,,-,-U"'=t:t
CJ


O


III
000
..... ..... ......


...
...... .....
...... ...... .....
I . I
<t.ct.c:r=


-
-



:l5=
Q:I
::E
ooco
'""'c....


;s

,
Q)
,=i
=C3J..Q

o

=:cco
Q....Q



i:







.


...



1
T.
"=s
'. CIQ
: iJ


''!is
.


f
::r


(.)
Q;


;<
co
::c
.

«):J:


OOOC'o1




(N(N
I I I I I
00000
.... -- ..... ... .....



=»
..... ..... ..... ....
. I . . ,
c:r=c:r=c:r=c::ccC




o
E--


Q)


o
E--


.


















o
f-t
(.)
Q)
c:;
;<


J:Q)
.0
O;J:C






111

oc.c
.....


......
..... ......
..... ..... .....
, I ,
c:r=«



tJ::
:i;CO
£-1=

t
=1:;

8.


=8
g::c
=..Q
Q..

o

r..,f-I


..




,
:I:


,
Q) Cf,)

 .. t'--
t'S
 E-- I
::c;u

· °O

o
, 0')
-u.....-


165






i


;r:


c








3i
t;:


;
:S:tf>
D:(O
t;

0>-
c:
o
1:::1


Q...

t-;E


o..
cu cu ..
:: ..,

t:[ <J



<.0 <.0 <.0
]jl


0ijO
il1
coo co
......


....c


<J,_
Ucu

(O::a









...... .....
..... ......

, , .
«<


....
...... .....
...... ..... .....
t I .
«<



=
8

OQ.
8m
<J


o::

CQcu
-=







:=a::
OQJ

Q..



. .'







-=; ,Q.:c
:=s 'U
.e-c=,,
o


(Y)OQ)'-Q..


t:{




!



a:Q.


(O
()Q.5
-=:Q,)
0(-13.
c<J c


.
.Q
t:;:
to

i
0.-




.
:I;


;a
=

Q..-=;

r:


a;:s:





6:=
..,::c
<J

s


QJ
cuS
=:
Q,)


u


Q,).m
 1 I
oQ,) 0 ==
e:c
::E
a: ;:r c ii <"pi
 cu

m
:cot-u(-l
a) :S:
<J

t:owl:l
=e(O
u


 8 (0 a s::(

o
<J 1:(-




.
::c


...
,
f-4




=:
=
c

:s:i:C



Qi
o
U


I
:t
o
t
<JJf-4('t)
r:; U I'-

e I
::c _

. <JJ C'I
O OOJ
......=:-e


=
Q)t
00
I:Q
 .. C'r.)
OV:a I'-
Q.0:c I

ai:f-4

(.-4 CJU

...:

p

.... = =..........


166


..
c:Q
o
ca
a


x
21
c:Q
o
c...
:z::
to
t::
-&




=
== .

t:;:....-&
-=t=
I

«


a

Q

>.

ca

t
t:a
cae..
....

ot--
otO
v:!
0..
tOtO
=

o::

t=:

I:(
>-1



-=:

::s:
Q.::S::>
= "'tt t
0) «
=00 =:
....>
OO
t0-004
r--: < <
to
· U to
(Y)u CJ
Ocu CJ
=t:;tO
><


CQ:a::a
:Ee..Q.
Q)>.

xI-I-
(J
tO
to:2::=
""T"4 Q. Q..
......to«S
cUo::o::
=t:;:t::
t:;{t:;{
: I I
=""'tt

Q)('f)U")
:=s=:=
=
Q..
 "'tt
o
1::<.0....





 :a A-V If
'Q.-

 <:Jf-.a AI-Y
OJQ.1Q..






 E-
OJcu U..y
cu
!


 aGo)

Q.:2iO'J III-V iI
c:::=

 I-V

 J>t 4 W (
ua
ew
e

ahH
ado




2
c.


i-
<


 (1)
:z:
Q.

<

Q.1
£-t
a:: u
0 4)
=

uJ

'3'
:c :s;

 Q.
c
Q. -
LfJ co'


i- <J
U u:
a:: ==
=
0 cu
;:r
:c t
< 0
t- '"-
< 0
=

 ;:r
LfJ

:re iU
c

 0
Q. c
0 .a
I:{
'-

i- S'
0
:c a
1.1

 a;:
«I


t- CLI
Q. rr
u
8 m




o
.....


Q)


Cj()






(,0


LQ


.


C'?






WN '
ItHCPodu 0..10>1 Jal.
-u'n'ol-ldau vaH>KdaJ.

d.Lawe-..'1t UICIH>KAd
H


Pift 'dJ.a N
-SHD' URHQU8HHWOH


I J ++++++++++ r r I I , I I I
I 1++++++++++++++++++
++++++++++++++1 I I I I I



l.Q1'-aoOO'X)OOcD
















;












 ..
 A

 A A A A A A A
oooo





.<.O
m



o

.....
....

(Y)




 an
 OJ ..... LQ (;'1 .... OJ ao C'f) 0") <.0
 an

oOO

""'

OO



OM<.O





 A A

 A A A .. .. A A A A
 A A A A

l.Qt-.

o

oo

o.....

<.O




.........




<.O
O

Oj


O
............-'


L.t:>





OO

-'



 C'f)





anLQo

....





<.O
-





.. A
 A A A ..
 A

 .. A A .. A
 A A A



o
oo
oo

an



<.O

<.O

....
....


.J




....
-
-l.Q


....---....


.q.t























.. .. ft



 ..
 ft A
 A ..

 A A
 A


<'oOj








8






.........--......
('t:)









Oj....

<.O
an
m<.O
OjLQ

r-.o
Oj<.OC'f)










A A
 A A ft ft A ft A ft A A A A A ft A . .




o
r-.....<.O






<.Ot-.m....
..... .... .... C'I

 "'=t Uj ,--
 ....
 <.0 m <.0 an
--............









8








oo




A A . A A . ..
 A . A . . . . A .. A A .
....

<.O




Oj<'o

U";)l.Q


O....

........




I'Oj......
(Q
O
.............C.IcY)


........


l.Q
-
m

C'f)

 an


 an 0') (J:) <.0 0
 t-.
 t-.
 IJ.)
 LQ
 00 C":I -q- '... J
A . Aft.. A A A A. A A . A ft
 . . .
....

an
oC'lUjOj

oo
m

......


..... .... ...... .....
 -..,
 Ll"J
 ..... Of ...

 It)
, ...............







 J
.



1'-







O


O



<.O




oo
o
A
 . .

 A A . A A
 .. A ft
 . ft
 .
....





 d




OOC'f)





..............


I.Q(,O
Q').....l.OO
. ... ..... .... eN


an......
Oj
C":IM
. C":Ir-.


.....






('t:)

o






r-.
m




.

 A a A
 ..




 .. A
 .
 . a
O

('t:)

r-.


ao
O
r-.


ano
..............
CV)
"=:t'l.Q

.....aQ
..... ....













<.O

r-.





O

OOO


_.JO
.....


LQ


. .

 . a
 .
 . . . . A . . a . . .
o




an<.O



oan
OJ


 8
..........
C'iCtj


"
I ....



('t:)LO
Oj..:..an
""'OJtQC":I


lO

O
('t:)



ooan
,-
o

t-.


C'I LQ' t'- ..... l.Q 0 an -- CO OJ ..... 0, .... ..0 (j) (.Q


 C'I

 . . . .
 . . a _ _ . . ft


 .
 .
OOO

C'I
C'f)C'f)


O
l.Qm


C
.-.....c........C'1
«>



an

 ('t:)LQan
an



_ ..
 .
 A
 .


=

































*

S
2




161




'0

 /IIIIi ....



 I
 C>
Q.. 0 .....


i CQ .. .. ..
0 0 0
tr.....

 ==
t

Qc

 0') .q.

 I.Q



 .....
.
 aQ


I:C .....
.. " .. .. .. ..

 0 0 0 0 0 0
0
 <.0




.. t-.
 0
::;: .. .. .. .. .. "
0 ....
 c:'I ('t) LQ


0
t; Q) ;$ ("I') r-.
 (Q

0
 r-. I.Q

= A " .. .. .. ..
0 0 9"""4 .....
 ('t)

-=
Q.

C

GO r-. ..... I'-

 f:j
a::
 tQ 0 
t .. .. .. .. .. ..
0 0
 ......
 ('t)

:c

Q. <J
>a :3:

 t-o-



(-a :7 t... (t)
< :: .. .. .. .. .. ..
Q.. 0 0 .... --a
 ('t)
:e c:
Q. p -
0-.
< 0
 te 00

CD ....
IS:
 ..... r-.
 0
.. .. .. . .. ..
0 m 0 0


 ('t)
:c :7
:c

UJ 0 '-
 LC
 CO ....
 ....
= ""- C't) cD 0)
 0') lQ

 .. .. " .. .. ..
0 0 0 0 ..... ....

:c :r
G.I

 0,
(1)
::s c ("I')

g .. 00 0') ....
La

 t-. .... 0
0
 ft .. " .. .. "
0 Q 0 ...... .....

cu
i- S'
:c 0
uJ C; -
 0') ll) U') .....
C

 LQ 00 ..... LQ

 C .. .. .. .. .. .
< <U 0 0 0 Q ..... ....
1--

Q. Go)
;:r
0 t.:
U


 0) I'-
 ....


 C'f) 
 0
.. .. .. .. .. ..
0 0 0 0 Q ......


...... <.0

 L'") S
.....
 00

... 0 .... ..... c:'I
A .. .. -- . .-
0 0 0 0 0 Q
.


t 00
...:a
 ..q. LO to


Z


J68




"-














::
=
S
<:


:s
aQ=
:c=:
::-
UJt::
=" UJ



0=
'-

o -If
:c

:c

Q.
:.<

.... L-I
.-:J '<
:c

:Cg.
<<:
=
o

Q.:
=

MU
=0
t;c;
<c:
:
:1=



=Q.
U<

c:Q
:aU
:c
c;

:0
'Q. :c
LIJ=-
UUJ
::r
,...0
,-"t-
Oa:
:Co

:c
OE-
=e

M

0=
=0


"-l
=


c;
uc:{
LIJ
:re
=
=






'-0")
 8 0
...... 8
"" ! .....
, t-04 I

 I I


0 0


 0
..... ..... .....
--- ---
8 l@ If:) 8
-

X <0

CQ J 1 c! I ,

.

 La
 0

 ...... 0
l- -- .....


- --


 0 0 8

 0
I



cu < , I CJ
 J CI

 f--
(J


0; to


.
:I:
:S:'
E S 8
 0




 , <.0 i LQ
K
 I J I I (VZf

 0
 8

:E

:r ..., -..
Go)
:r

 -
0
I-.
 "0
0
 CD 80
:c
-
c.o
.: .
 0
:a < J I 0 0 .. ,
t: f-- t:(
 8





.....
-.
-


 0 0
x



0

- I , I
. j
u 0

 t:( 0 0
0 0 0
..... ....

 <X)
---. ---..
-.

x C;j
 8 0 I

t'o.
 (0 0 r--
... ...... '7 I ..Q
'... C'f) ('t)
u. t 0
c:



 8 8

0 t:( (J
E--f
 0
.
<x 00 ... ....

-

, ('
 .b ,
 ,
x f-i = . . ;tr:t


 :; =
 . :a



(1)Q, c.c e::
 o fer :s
«'
s
c.>


p 
:s ><: >< &
()
E Q. . ...


= 0:: ... =
=
= :a :is c
t-O,:Z: ....... (TJ --.. QJ GJ
 :z;
.... CQ


cu
 Q: t;:; :c ..... :J't

s i

 CIJ 002

:a
 f"'f
..... .....
 Q.. a:I


i-tQ.::: ra == '" (-01 fot' Q.
 CIJ i--cu::t:
u... )J:; <.JGJ t:::
a::J-
a
 :z;2 =Q.. ClJio-- <.J Q. 0
:1'U :J- CIJ

 '0 = ... u«'

 I:: c:

=

 Q.

O '-
.....
 cuCO C';S X


c= ..«, 0:Zl
 :ZI 0
S
 :E:


 S ===



169




"


;:$
Q..


(u










o
rc
o
0-
t:=


et)


('I')
. .....

 1 l
(-t

 "1
-
.... 0
8 ......
.... "1
I

- <r:
X 1.Q


C'f.)
 CN -

,

 I I I

 -r

 .
< I.Q

1

(-t
:2 ..
......
I
<r:
..
CI') -.of 00

 M I
a. t
 ... i;IJ
CU
 QJ I I
CD f-c
U :£ .. (V;)
 0
.... CI
0:: I
C; QJ

a::(

L
::r:

 +
a
 0
«I 1
l

:g I 00 co

 :E t J
(-f
:i1
 C'J elf) 0
:c C'f';)
:r
Qj
:r
0

 0
0

'-

0
 .....



:I: M I jooIo4

 , <= -

:is
 I 1 ob +
(-f .....<
t::


IS: I -
l- <
l

.i,)


x LQ
0 t-..
- 00 CD .....
. , I t
u ......

 t cY" J elf) 0
r-. < uj

 ...
......
,
Co.

 QJ
x

qo(-.. ...... 0
-oe _ 0
, . CI LC
U'- aJ .....
 ,...


 J I I


 ('Ij 0
<
 ('Ij
x
.
 ..
;< r::S: ,,-.. .

:i1 Qj -
 :a

tc


 .:as
Q,Q.
 ---

:i
J
 "'-"'
:z=(- :is Q.. X t< OaJ t<
"'tQ
 Q. Qj :a o:C :Ii



- >. t- :a

 :a
I-
- t- u :c ::c ::c ::c



 = ..a =" UQ., ..a


:i1t:( :I a aJ '1) a
I-Q.
 Q. c.. c- Q..
(,)1- CV

 (I) (J
 Qj
::r:<1J t- t= ",c:g c::
02 u QJ Q.. 0 Q.. 0


 (J :I = c:: =sg = -=
Q. CV CU ..


 :::s .....::c
c
O
t::(:s q



.10.


o
y.


o
t:(




OJ
:I::
;E


t--
()


:5
::c
Z
0..
aJ


o
c::
r..
=
8




c..
[-I
Q)
:!1
CV
;;
c:{



::s::
aJ
:t:
:;E
Q..
aJ
t--
()


:I::
:is
=
::c
aJ
:as
aJ
Q..
Q)
=
'"


t
U')
t-..
X
-.::t'
.....
I
U






x ·
:Q':S:
=(1)
..ax;
-=:?E
Oc..



o..tJ




:a
_::c
..a;:r
=Q)
c..o..
Q)aJ
::;sC
o
Q)C

 x
:c

Q)X;
=

Q) Q)

t::
::s:o
Q..O
1::t::


OX
:cQ)

c..
Oi"'"
:s

M

Oc..
c:aCU
"'

 0') ==
::c 0 c..

 & =
o
 =
E- £-.,...


 4)

.

ts:



Q.

U
"'oS

5
 CU 0
:: J :as f-
c.. o '" c3)
t::
::c

......
 


O
-£-Q)
.. t::; (I) :c
o::::s:U
::OQj:i
g;;O
O
CU



="J
::
Q) <0 U Q..

£-=t::
:: QJ
 .
0:...... :g
Q..
 :as
r-"'
 ·

IO'GCNc:.o
t --




::s:
3
'"
:i




nPH.nO)/(E1IJ1E 8
TEXHH1.fECKHE B03MO)l(H.OCTH CTAHKOB
AJ151 fH6KH APMATYPHblX CETOK


Tun CTaHKa


nOKaSaTeJIb


CM-516A


7251 A


KOHC1'PYKlJ.HH
UHMl10MTn


HaM6oJlbwa» WHpHHa CeTKH. MM 3500


3200


3000


HaH6oJlbwa» AJIHH3 ceTKH) MM 6000


6000


6000


LJMCJIO M3fH6aeMhlX CTep}KHCH 34 15 30
HaHOOJlbLLUIH .llH3MeTp H3fH6ac..
MhlX cTcpIKueH H3 apMaTypbl.
MM. KJl3Cca:
A-I 12 12 20


A-II H A-III 10


10


20


HaHOOJlbWHH yrOJI aarl16a, rpa,!l 105


135


180


f1,3H6oJIbWaS AJlMHa OTr110a, M
t


700


-


HaHMCHbWa}1 ,U.JlHHa OTfH6ac-
MOfO YlfaCTK<l, MJ.1


50


50


50


J"








:t:

 ..
c

t:: :

 :c
(.IJ,
t::: :r- .
<IS:
:c=
M:;
<u.J
:c

oCt)
t..=
YJ;<
=2 i

:c ;:
OQ. 8
:c
1S:

::E
t:
=<YJ t-

=
t;
<Q.<

<t-


X
t:{
:a=;.<
:c


rrU:c
"-1 0 c:{
rr=:<
OCt;
t-

0:<
:C
M

Q.YJ



=U

r- <
U
E-
0=:<
:Cc:{


O

:e:a
Ct)

OYJ
CQ

u.lffi



U=

Q.
er=
=
:c
X
UJ
t-


172


CD 0
... tt)

 0 , I

 c.o c.o
, 
0 00 00 0
 c.o
0
 .....
tt) J, i ,
,
CD <.0

 0 tt) LO


 C'iI
i , J ,
co co CD
«> 0  0

..... tt) .,...,-I
, 1 l I
CD c.o at:) I.!")
c. C'
 0
 00


 C-I
 .....
 ....
 : J J, I
 l
tt)
co I 00 eX) «>
'I "1 .... --'
I
 ,
<0 CD 10


o
.-4
at.)
c-.:e
I
t;:!::





. I
r--.f-



"'i
t
t=




or--.
--
<Q<D
.. ,....
. &

t:








(,Q<D
- ,....
I t





0
 00
......

d l , 1.0 l
- t.Q LO
C'I
-
I

r--. 0 CO CD 0
 0


 0 ..... ('t') --- ...
- at:) l , 1 I I
40 .



 VI c.o
C'l
 LO LO LO
..
t







 ,...
t I , ,
10
 tt) t.Q






ww 'IQdlawcH1!

 .....
...... I t
..-t Q.

e-4 CQ CQ
< ... ..



.. .......

.... ...... .....
...... I <
.... . <
. <
< ... ..
..
 ...... ....

 ...... ...... .....
,
 < I
CQ .. <

=
:s: ;:S::
=:
0 0 0 0
:c :c :c

=" ..Q =t .t:
Qj c::: Q)

Q.. 0 0-

Q)


I:: 5 0
0 0.. 0..
C - I:: c
-
It1dA1CWdc

utr)l


x


Q..

G:
=Q.I
2


i

 .

Q..I'"
f-:a



«I

Q.c:
(I;I

C(O
g",(fj

.

;;:
....

(:t;

Q.I



Q..(W)
(ooI:S:
t.I












...
,,-....
c::
co
:c
t-







=
"'"
"'-


=
:c
=s::
Q..
::
E3






..-

..- .....
QJ


<
Q.. ..
t

tQ
>(0
:a e
::r:co
Q..=:
V



=0I::i:
CUG)
C;
...t"3
:it-
:e

x
c:t:A

a
:sCU....
CUc::....
:::a::....
r:t
<





 
0
 0


 '" -""
;s , I  1
Q.. CD CD U";) tt)



 --

 LO
 <0 00
::s 8

 '-8 I .... '"

 , , ,



 '"
..... <.0 CD LQ LQ
6
 VI
,g

0 1
 0

Q..
t::: ,  ,
CD Lt) LQ


«> g 0 0
.-. .....

   ,
.Q tt) ..0 LQ




 co
--- "1
..... , , I
VI 10 U";) tt) LQ
 00 CO «> 00
"1 CI -- .....
,  , 
tt) LQ tt) 10


:a
=




C


t-c


o
o


-"'
......


-
,
t:




('-. C'} 0
- C'f:) It:)
0 1



, 0

 0
 0 ... .....

 0 ).Q
LO , ,
. V)
-
8 C'iI '"



 ...
<q4
.  


0 0
..... .....




K
J
-
....
e.



t-


s::
%«1
Q.£-t


 ::s
J ::a
Ot><
t 3 .. .
:sa ,--.
c::

«I


t:;

«I

I::t
 (-I
Q,,/a) ;s:


:g:s: co
;J; 
a:I

:.:
 cu
E-tC; r-.


 .......

O') =
t-== ::r:
(,) ==

 Q..
-
.....
.3


WN 'Iq d.La w e n'l1
, ......
......
. I
f-' 0- 0..
...-. CQ
...... CQ
< ,. ..
,.... .....
#to ...... ......
...... ...... ......
I
.... ...... I <
t <
< <
.
.. ..
 .....

 ...... ...... ......
I t I I
CQ < < <
;= ;:= 0:=
=
0 0 0 0
:c ::r: :c ::c



 ..Q

 

Q.. 0 Q.. 0
Q) I::{ C) ::(
c::
0 0
 0
C Q.. G 0..
C C t:
lqdAJ.el
du JJUL')1


.


 t
() =t
==


t-- 0
()

0 -
r::t
:r:

ffi r::;


g- co

 (')
0 a:a


0 j;Q
&::( 0
0 Qc
Qj
t: :t:
co :Q
:c cu
=s::

Q.. t:;
=s:: :=
:3
::s:::



:s: -


b Q..
QO t
.-
co ><
c: :a

 :c
;:
0 Q)
Eo-

0

 1::
0 0
c:Q c:
0
c ;:s:
u

0:= :a
::r:

 ..a

 -


0
s={ r::t
I)') 0
:: Q..

 c:
=a 0
:c .

o..=t--
.
MCJ
t-=Q)

 Q.. =-'
:a C'iI =s:: ·
I .. 0..
:a

......


:::


 Q)
 =

::;; <
::r: .. e

 Q.. C!)

 co
:c...... co::r
:s

' j;Q=

.< u

=
Q.. =s::
Cf)=S::



to p..
=S::

U t:: ..Q


XU t-:a

=a ro - t--
....:....Q::cu
:cl=: D 0..:::
o..
 ..


o

 tJ::Q)(-I

::t:::A;S: -
cu
::c w. .. t--
Qj
o
o
=r::


 (-I
..co

t--
::s 0::
::s
 v
co

t=:;::r:.....
.. :EQJ=

Q.X ==t;


t=a

:c__ Q..
 Qj
=
...... t:: 0 · ==
==......
 C'iI =
t::(
< '- s;
173




C)


.....

 m (1). -;
.,Q;:r;s::<J


Ecu
CUe.


 ::s Q.

l1JtJCU




y 5
 -




C

 :: ><
::
Q.. :]

t:: Q,)
<
ees:

 .0(1)
t;S'
;.< OQ.)
C

:25 (.)



:c I::
:re

0 (-t

 m
<
'= 8. co
= ;:--..
U (0- I:( t

8


 cutJ:;c
a: mtt

:is "-
-
2 -
:c m C:;I;

0 :i5:E5:
U tJ
"-l CU :;c Q.QJ

 .lJQJ3
= Q.
(o-o 01
c:(

u= ::---


05
-
0 (.1,"-
c:
 :;:0(,)
0 CU
....
t
=.
:: OS ....
<J Lo-Q,)
(-t ! :z:
U
0 t 0
:c 2 c...


 0



 L0-
u
(0.


O. I:: 0
Q.,



 (0-
M is tJ
0
 ;<
=
 :a
Q;

 >. Q.

 >.
:: Lo- (0-

<J


 :z:


 0
U c..

UJ «I
tJ
:r <J
:: «I
:c

;.<
gJ
t-
::
::zi.
c:: :z!
== ::£:
t- =
8


2
.:




174


*
00 o
8 *
0


...... - F: U":)
fIIIIIIII ___ <O--ev) ....... 1'-- .....
XX xxx X X XX
00
OO 0 0 LC LC
r-.<.O t--- LC '" (;'1 r-.. to-
'" ......
-
"""""
.-
1Q



 ---......,
.....
--- I I I
. I . , I
U":)C":) '" "1
. . , I 00
__l!";U":) "1 (;'1
1
,t'-to-
 ..... -
t:: I I . . ,
t-.
 t-.t-.t-.
E--E--E-- E-&









-----A
U":) -.:r CO Uj
 C'f) Uj
 0 0
--- .....
- - - - - - - - - -
<.0 U":) '" r..t) U":)
 <.0 LQ 1d"

..... ..... .....
- - - - - - - - - -
0 ao <0 0 QC ao 0 CO
 00
....c ..... - ... --
- - - - - - - - - -

 0 0

 0 -.:r
 00

... .....

 ...... ..... ...... .....

...
...... ......

 I
. .. Q..
<5CQ
....: I '"
. <

< CQ
I ..... ... ..... .... .....
. t t .. I
Q. 0- Q. Q..
aJ CQ CQ CQ c:Q
.. .. .. .. ..
..... ......
 .... .....
..... ...... ..... ...... .....
......

 ...... ......
..... < ...... I ....
 ..... <
 ,
I I < , I . <
aJ CQ CQ CQ ,:Q
.. .. .. ... ..
.. ..... .. ....... .. .... .. ....... .. ......
,.... ..... ....c ...... ..... .... ...... ..... ..... .....
<
 < < < < I < < ,
< <
- -
..
Uj
to-t-.
'0
J..-oo
t:'
t--t:


 (N
I

g 0 ('I')
LQ 0
....

I

 ..... ..... ... cQ
t::t:: I 0 0 C"I)
t:
 t:: t:: <.0 00




 .



 (-4












=
.f-
=u
f-





a
1:=
(S;:0
C=
:reA
.Q

c:;

<0:1:

O
=0')

=
ego
aa""
aHa
* .
.




OrJJABJ1EHHE


CTp.
n pe):lHCJIOBHe . . . . . . . .. ......... 3
1. OC110BHble nOJ}O}KeHHH ... . . ',' .. 4
2. I13):leJIHH ):lJIH 6eToHHbIX H >KeJIe306eToHHbIX KOHCTPYKUHH .. 6
06
He YKa3aHHH . . . . . . . . . . . t. 6
OT.LleJIhHble apMaTypHble CTepJKIIH . . . . . . . ". 7
CeTKH. ... ......,..... 13
K a p K3,C bl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 18
AHKepoBKa apMaTypbI .. . . . . . . 25
CTbIKH apMaTypbI BHaXJICCTKY (6e3 cBapKH) . . . .. 32
3aKJIa.lI.Hble ,l{eT aJ1H. .' I . . . . . . . . .. 39
npHcnoco6J1eHHH
J1H cTponoBKH . . . . c . . .. 48
npHcTIoco6JIeHHH AJIH
HKcaUHH 4 . . . . . . . .. 54
3. KOHCTpYHpoBaHHe OT
eJlbHblX .9JIeMeH.TOB KOHCTPYKUMH 59
06WHe Tpe6oBaHHH. ......... .. 59
cI>YH
a MeHTbl H pocTBepKH . . . . . . . . . . .. 65
KOJlOHHbl . . . . . . . . . . , . 89
BaJiKH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
MOH04,TIHTHble paMbI . . . . . . . . . . . 119
nJlH TbI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 123
nepeKpblTHSl . . . . .. ......... 139
OT,neJIbHble YKa3aHHH no KOHCTp)'HpoBaHHlO SJleMeHTOB
nO
B aJlbHbIX nOMe
eHHH . . I . . . . .. 142
nO,llnop Hble CTeHbI . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 144
TOHHeJIH .. . . . . It . ". 147
4. Oc'06eHHocTH KOHCTpYHpoBaHHH }I{eJIe306eToHHbIX KOHCTpYK.
UHH, nO
BepJI{eHHbIX B03):leHCTBHIO llHHaMHtIeCKH
 HarpY30K. 150
flpuA.o
eH.ue 1. ,L{aHHble no apMaType . . . . . . . . .. 154
llpUAO:JICeH.Ue 2. YKa3aHHH no npHMCIJeHHlQ apMaTypHbIX, CTaJleH 156
llpulto
eH.ue 3. YKa3aHHH no npHMeHeHHlO CTaJIM ):lJIH 3aKJla
l1blX
):leTaJleH . . . . . . . . .. ...... 159
llpuAo,g;eHue 4. OCHoBHbIe THnu cBapHblx COe.Lll1HCHHA CTep >K He-
B 011 a p M a TY p bl . . . . . . . .. ... 160
llpulto:JICeH.ue 5. CopTaMeHT ropHt!eKaT8Hoii cTep>}{HeBotl apMaTypbJ 167
llpulto:JICeH.uc' 6. CopTaMeHT 06blKHoBeHHoH apMaTypHoH npOBO.
J10KH'. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 168
flpu/lo:JICeH.ue 7. TeXHHlIeCKHe B03MO)KHo.CTH cepH
HbIX CneUHaJIH-
u
3HpoBaHHblx MHOrOTOllellHblX MaWHH ,l{JlH KOHTaKTHOH TO-
tlellHOH cBapKH nJlOCKHX apMaTypHbIX H3):leJluA . . . .. 169
'llpUltO
eHUe 8. TeXHHt!eCKHe B03MOJKHOCTH CT3HKOB
JlH rH6KH
a p M a TYP HblX ceTO K . . . . . . . . . . . . . " 17 J
llpu/I,03ICeH.ue 9. TeXHHtIeCKUe B03MO}KHOCTH O
HOTOqe1.JHbIX MaWHH
o6111ero Ha3HalleHHH, npHMeHReMblx
JIH cBapKH TIJIOCKHX
apMaTypHblX H3
eJ1HHt a TaK}Ke 3aKJ1a
HbIX
eTaJ1eii .. 112
llpUltO:JICeHUe 10. THlJbI H TeXHHtleCKHe B03MO}KHOCTH nO):(BeCllbiX
CBapOt!HbIX MaWHH . . . . . a . . . . . . . ... 174





                

Руководство по конструированию бетонных и ж.б. конструкций из тяжелого бетона (без предварительного напряжения) 1978 — файл n1.doc

приобрести
Руководство по конструированию бетонных и ж.б. конструкций из тяжелого бетона (без предварительного напряжения) 1978
скачать (3338.5 kb.)
Доступные файлы (1):

---

Смотрите также:
• Руководство по конструированию бетонных и железобетонных конструкций из тяжелого бетона (Документ)
• Расчет железобетонных элементов прямоугольного и таврового сечений на действие изгибающих моментов (Документ)
• Отчет по лабораторной работе «Расчет состава тяжелого бетона» (Документ)
• Исаев А.В. Проектирование составов тяжёлого бетона 2007 (Документ)
• Руководство по проектированию бетонных и железобетонных конструкций гидротехнических сооружений (к СНиП) (Стандарт)
• Ответы на экзаменационные вопросы по ЖБК (Шпаргалка)
• Рекомендации по технологии применения химических добавок при производстве монолитных бетонных и железобетонных конструкций (Документ)
• Плиты выполняются однослойными из тяжелого бетона С20/25. Проверку прочности бетона следует производить в соответствии с гост10180-90. Бетон должен удовлетворять тр (Документ)
• Лабораторная работа №1 Исследование природного песка при изготовлении тяжелого бетона (Документ)
• Курсовая работа — Завод с цехом железобетонных изделий, выпускаемых по конвейерной технологии (Курсовая)
• Билеты и отвеы — ПГС. Архитектура (Вопрос)
• Руфферт Г. Дефекты бетонных конструкций (Документ)

n1.doc

ПЛИТЫ

3.127. Плитами считаются изгибаемые конструкции относительно небольшой толщины и сравнительно больших размеров в плане, предназначенные, как правило, для восприятия распределенной по площади плиты нагрузки.

В практике проектирования железобетонных конструкций в основном встречаются плиты балочные, опертые по контуру, и консольные. Их выполняют однопролетными или многопролетными неразрезными, причем они могут быть свободно опертыми или защемленными на опорах.

Балочными называются протяженные плиты с соотношением сторон плиты более двух при обязательном опирании по противоположным сторонам.

Опертыми по контуру называются плиты, опирающиеся по двум смежным, по трем или по четырем сторонам и имеющие соотношение сторон 2 и менее.

Консольными плитами называются плиты, заделанные с одной стороны в стену или в другую конструкцию или представляющие собой часть одно- или многопролетной плиты, свешивающуюся за раннюю опору.

Рис. 96. Примеры конструкций сборных плит

Плиты выполняют сборными и монолитными, и они могут быть элементами покрытий, перекрытий, плитных фундаментов, подпорных стен или других конструкций и конструируются гладкими или вместе с балками (ребрами) соответствующих конструкций.

Сборные плиты могут применяться для тех же конструктивных элементов и выполняться гладкими или вместе с ребрами. Указания по конструированию ребер ребристых сборных и монолитных плит приведены в разделе конструирования балок настоящего Руководства.

Примеры конструкций сборных плит с ребрами приведены на рис.

96

. Примеры конструкций монолитных плит приведены в настоящем разделе.

3.128. Толщина монолитных плит должна назначаться в соответствии с п.

3.1

настоящего Руководства и приниматься не менее:

40 мм — для покрытий;

50 мм — для междуэтажных перекрытий жилых и общественных зданий,

60 мм — для междуэтажных перекрытии производственных зданий.

Таблица 30

Характеристика плиты	Толщина защитного слоя бетона аб в плитах
для рабочей арматуры диаметром d1	для распределительной арматуры диаметром d2
Сборные плиты из бетона проектной марки менее М250 и монолитные плиты независимо от марки бетона
толщиной, мм:
до 100 включительно	10 мм Ј аб і d1	10 мм Ј аб і d2
более 100 до 250	15 мм Ј аб і d1	10 мм Ј аб і d2
250 и более	15 мм Ј аб і d1	15 мм Ј аб і d2
Сборные плиты из тяжелого бетона проектной марки М250 и более
толщиной, мм:
до 100 включительно	10 мм Ј аб і (d1 — 5)	10 мм Ј аб і (d2 — 5)
более 100 до 250	15 мм Ј аб і (d1 — 5)	10 мм Ј аб і (d2 — 5)
250 и более	15 мм Ј аб і (d1 — 5)	15 мм Ј аб і (d2 — 5)

Примечание. В сборных плитах из тяжелого бетона проектной марки М250 и более, изготовляемых на заводах в металлических формах и защищаемых сверху (в сооружении) бетонной подготовкой или стяжкой, допускается для верхней арматуры принимать толщину защитного слоя не менее 5 мм.

Минимальная толщина сборных плит должна определяться из условий обеспечения требуемых толщин защитных слоев бетона и условий расположения арматуры по толщине плиты.

Толщины монолитных плит h, мм, рекомендуется принимать 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 100, 120, 140, 160, 180, 200, 250, 300, далее кратно 100.

3.129. Толщина бетонного защитного слоя для рабочей арматуры плит, находящихся в обычных условиях эксплуатации, должна удовлетворять требованиям пп.

3.3

;

3.4

;

3.5

;

3.6

и приниматься по табл.

30

настоящего Руководства.

Концы продольных рабочих стержней, не привариваемых к анкерующим деталям, должны отстоять от торца плиты на расстоянии не менее:

10 мм — для сборных плит перекрытий и стеновых панелей пролетом до 12 м включительно;

15 мм — для монолитных плит длиной до 6 м включительно;

20 мм — для монолитных плит длиной более 6 м.

3.130. Плиты, как правило, должны армироваться сварными сетками.

Вязаную арматуру допускается применять для сравнительно небольших монолитных участков сборных перекрытий и монолитных плит с большим числом неупорядоченных отверстий, а также в случаях, когда применение сварной арматуры не допускается по условиям эксплуатации согласно прил.

2

.

Диаметр рабочих стержней сварной арматуры плит рекомендуется принимать не менее 3 мм, а вязаной — не менее 6 мм.

3.131. Расстояния между осями стержней рабочей арматуры в средней части пролета плиты (внизу) и над опорой (в верху многопролетных плит) должны быть не более: 200 мм — при толщине плиты h < 150 мм; 1,5h — при толщине плиты h і 150 мм.

Расстояния между стержнями, доводимыми до опоры плиты, не должны превышать 400 мм, причем площадь сечения этих стержнем на один метр ширины плиты должна составлять не менее ¹/₃ площади сечения стержней в пролете, определенной расчетом по наибольшему изгибающему моменту.

3.132. Площадь сечения рабочей арматуры плит определяется расчетом и должна удовлетворять требованиям п.

3.8

настоящего Руководства. Диаметр и шаг стержней этой арматуры можно подбирать по табл.

31

.

Площадь сечения распределительной арматуры в балочных плитах должна составлять не менее 10 % площади сечения рабочей арматуры в месте наибольшего изгибающего момента. Диаметр и шаг стержней этой арматуры в зависимости от диаметра и шага стержней рабочей арматуры рекомендуется назначать по табл.

32

.

Таблица 31

Шаг стержней, мм	Площадь поперечного сечения арматуры на 1 м ширины плиты, см2, при диаметре стержней, мм
3	4	5	6	8	10	12	14	16	18	20	22	25
100	0,71	1,26	1,96	2,83	5,03	7,85	11,31	15,39	20,11	25,45	31,42	38,01	49,09
125	0,57	1,01	1,57	2,26	4,02	6,28	9,05	12,31	16,08	20,36	25,13	30,41	39,27
150	0,47	0,84	1,31	1,89	3,35	5,23	7,54	10,26	13,4	16,96	20,94	25,33	32,72
200	0,35	0,63	0,98	1,41	2,51	3,93	5,65	7,69	10,05	12,72	15,71	19	24,54
250	0,28	0,5	0,79	1,13	2,01	3,14	4,52	6,16	8,04	10,18	12,56	15,2	19,64
300	0,23	0,42	0,65	0,94	1,68	2,61	3,77	5,13	6,7	8,48	10,47	12,66	16,36
350	0,2	0,36	0,56	0,81	1,44	2,24	3,23	4,44	5,74	7,27	8,97	10,86	14
400	0,18	0,32	0,49	0,71	1,25	1,96	2,82	3,5	5,02	6,36	7,86	9,5	12,49

Таблица 32

Диаметр стержней рабочей арматуры, мм	Диаметр и шаг, мм, стержней распределительной арматуры балочных плит при шаге стержней рабочей арматуры, мм
100	125	150	200	250	300
3 — 4	3 400	3 400	3 400	3 400	3 400	3 400
5	3 350	3 350	3 350	3 350	3 400	3 400
6	3 350	3 350	3 350	3 350	3 400	3 400
8	5 350	5 350	4 350	4 350	3 350	3 400
10	6 350	6 350	5 350	5 350	5 350	5 350
12	6 250	6 300	6 350	6 350	6 350	6 350
14	8 300	8 350	8 350	6 300	6 350	6 350
16	8 250	8 300	8 350	8 350	8 350	8 350
18	10 300	10 250	10 350	8 350	8 350	8 350
20	10 200	10 250	10 300	10 350	10 350	10 350
22	12 250	12 300	10 300	10 350	10 350	10 350
25	14 300	10 200	8 150	8 200	8 250	8 300

Примечание. Над чертой указан диаметр стержней распределительном арматуры, а под чертой — их шаг.

3.133. Балочные монолитные плиты, армированные сварными сетками, рекомендуется конструировать по рис.

97

,

98

.

Пролетную арматуру плит шириной до 3 м и длиной до 6 м рекомендуется конструировать в виде плоской цельной сварной сетки, поперечные стержни которой являются рабочей арматурой плиты (рис.

97

, а).

При диаметре рабочей арматуры более 10 мм можно армировать плиту плоскими узкими сварными унифицированными сетками. Длина таких сеток должна соответствовать ширине плиты, которая в этом случае может быть и более трех метров. Продольные стержни этих сеток являются рабочей арматурой плиты, а поперечные — распределительной, стыкуемой в плите внахлестку без сварки (см. п. 2.52 настоящего Руководства). Надопорная арматура неразрезных плит может конструироваться по рис.

97

, в в виде двух, со сдвижкой, сеток (рис.

98

, в) или одной (рис.

98

, г) сетки с поперечными рабочими стержнями, укладываемых вдоль опор. Эти надопорные сетки могут быть рулонными.

Рис. 97. Схема армирования монолитных балочных плит сварными сетками (планы)

а — пролетная арматура в виде цельных сварных сеток с поперечными рабочими стержнями; б — то же, в виде узких сварных сеток с продольными рабочими стержнями; в — план надопорной арматуры

Рис. 98. Армирование опор плит сварными сетками (разрезы в рабочем направлении)

а — крайняя опора плиты, монолитно связанная с железобетонной балкой; б — крайняя опора плиты на кирпичной стене; в, г — средняя опора плиты, монолитно связанная с железобетонной балкой, с надопорной арматурой из двух раздвинутых сеток и из одной сетки

Многопролетные балочные монолитные плиты толщиной до 100 мм с рабочей арматурой средних пролетов и опор диаметром до 7 мм рекомендуется армировать сварными рулонными типовыми сетками с продольной рабочей арматурой по рис.

99

. Рулоны при этом раскатываются поперек второстепенных балок, а поперечные стержни сеток, являющиеся распределительной арматурой плиты, стыкуются внахлестку без сварки. В крайних пролетах и на первых промежуточных опорах, где обычно требуется дополнительная арматура, на основную сетку укладывается дополнительная сетка (рис.

99

), которая заводится за первую промежуточную опору во второй пролет на ¹/₄ пролета плиты. Вместо дополнительной сетки возможна укладка отдельных стержней, привязываемых к основной сетке.

Рис. 99. Непрерывное армирование монолитных неразрезных плит сварными рулонными сетками

а — план и разрезы плиты, опертой на железобетонные балки; б — деталь, опирания плиты на кирпичную стену

3.134. Плиты, опертые по контуру, рекомендуется армировать сварными сетками. При этом плиты, имеющие размеры не более 6ґ3 м, допускается армировать в пролете одной цельной сварной сеткой с рабочей арматурой в обоих направлениях. При большом числе одинаковых плит с меньшим пролетом 2,5 — 3 м для экономии арматурной стали рекомендуется уменьшать количество стержней на крайних полосах плиты против средних. В этом случае плита может армироваться одной цельной плоской сварной сеткой с количеством арматуры, которое требуется на крайней полосе, а на среднем участке плиты укладывается дополнительная сетка (рис.

100

). Ширина крайней полосы l_к определяется расчетом.

При нецелесообразности армирования плиты цельными сварными сетками допускается конструировать арматуру из узких сварных унифицированных сеток с продольной рабочей арматурой. Сетки укладываются в пролете в два слоя во взаимно перпендикулярных направлениях (рис.

101

). При этом сетки с более короткими рабочими стержнями (рис.

101

, поз. 2) укладываются в нижний слой. Монтажные, стержни сеток каждого слоя кладутся впритык и не стыкуются, причем в сетках нижнего слоя они должны быть снизу, в защитном слое рабочей арматуры, а в сетках верхнего слоя — сверху.

Надопорная арматура опертых по контуру неразрезных многопролетных плит (рис.

101

, б) с плоскими сетками в пролетах конструируется аналогично надопорной арматуре балочных плит по рис.

98

.

Многопролетные неразрезные, опертые по контуру плиты, рассчитанные на равномерно распределенную нагрузку с рабочей арматурой диаметром до 7 мм, можно армировать типовыми рулонными сетками с продольными рабочими стержнями (рис.

102

). Для этого плиту следует разбить на три полосы в каждом направлении: две крайние по ¹/₄ меньшего пролета и среднюю. Рулоны в пролетах укладываются в два слоя, раскатываемых во взаимно перпендикулярном направлении только по средним полосам плит (рис.

102

, а). Надопорная арматура углов плиты в этом случае может конструироваться в виде квадратных плоских сеток с рабочими стержнями в обоих направлениях. Эти сетки укладываются на пересечении ребер плит, причем стержни могут быть параллельны ребрам или укладываться под углом 45° к ним (рис.

102

, б).

Рис. 100. Схема армирования пролета плиты, опертой по контуру, цельными сварными сетками

1 — основная сетка; 2 — дополнительная сетка

3.135. Вязаную арматуру монолитных плит толщиной 120 мм и меньше рекомендуется конструировать по рис.

103

без отгибов и доводить до опор все пролетные нижние стержни, а над опорами устанавливать свою арматуру (поз. 1, 2 рис.

103

), так называемое раздельное армирование. При этом нижние пролетные рабочие стержни неразрезных плит рекомендуется конструировать сквозными, пропуская их через несколько опор, а в крайних пролетах, при необходимости по расчету, устанавливают дополнительные стержни (поз. 4 рис.

103

).

Надопорную арматуру в нерабочем направлении следует устанавливать конструктивно в количестве не менее ¹/₃ сечения рабочей арматуры в пролете.

В плитах больших толщин в целях экономии арматуры часть пролетных стержней рекомендуется отгибать на опоры (так называемое непрерывное армирование). Стержни отгибают под углом 30° в плитах, толщиной до 150 мм и под углом 45° в плитах толщиной 160 мм и более. Отгибы в плитах при непрерывном армировании конструируют по рис.

104

.

Рис. 101. Схема армирования плиты, опертой по контуру, узкими сварными сетками

а — пролетные сетки; б — надопорные сетки

3.136. Вязаную арматуру плит, опертых по контуру, рекомендуется конструировать так же, как и вязаную арматуру балочных плит. При этом для экономии арматурной стали плиту можно разбить на три полосы в каждом направлении — две крайние шириной по ¹/₄ меньшего пролета и среднюю. В крайних полосах площадь сечения арматуры может быть уменьшена вдвое против параллельной им средней полосы, но не менее трех стержней на один метр. Стержни в направлении короткой стороны укладываются внизу. Надопорная рабочая арматура устанавливается по всей длине каждой стороны плиты равномерно.

Рис. 102. Схема армирования плиты, опертой по контуру, сварными рулонными сетками

а — пролетная и средняя надопорная арматура; б — надопорная арматура углов плиты

3.137. На крайних опорах плит, монолитно связанных с железобетонными прогонами, надопорную расчетную арматуру следует заделывать в прогон на глубину анкеровки, принимаемую в соответствии с п.

2.40

настоящего Руководства.

На крайних свободных опорах плит пролетную арматуру следует заводить за грань опоры в соответствии с п.

2.42

настоящего Руководства.

Рис. 103. Раздельное армирование монолитных балочных плит отдельными стержнями (вязаной арматурой)

1, 2 — надопорная арматура в рабочем направлении; 3, 4 — пролетная арматура в рабочем направлении; 5, 6 — надопорная арматура в нерабочем направлении

Рис. 104. Непрерывное армирование монолитных плит отдельными стержнями (вязаной арматуры)

а — средняя опора (железобетонная балка) многопролетной плиты; б — то же, стальная балка; в — крайняя опора — железобетонная балка; г — то же, кирпичная стена; 1 — отгибы; 2 — пролетная арматура; 3 — дополнительная надопорная арматура (ставится, если недостаточно отогнутых стержней)

Армирование опор монолитных плит отдельными стержнями при разных опорных условиях дано на рис.

105

,

106

,

107

.

Рис. 105. Раздельное армирование крайних опор монолитных плит отдельными стержнями в рабочем направлении

а — монолитно связанной с железобетонной балкой; б — защемленной в кирпичной стене; в — свободно лежащей на стальной балке, г — то же, на кирпичной стене; д — консольно опирающейся на стальную балку; 1 — пролетная рабочая арматура F_a диаметром d; 2 — опорная арматура (по расчету, но не менее 0,5 F_a), 3 — опорная арматура не менее ¹/₃F_a и не менее 5 Ж 6 AI на 1 пог. м, 4 — распределенная арматура; 5 — арматура железобетонной балки; 6 — стержень, обеспечивающий совместную работу плиты со стальной балкой, обычно, если не требуется по расчету — Ж 6 шаг 1000; 7 — сварка

Рис. 106. Раздельное армирование крайних опор монолитных плит отдельными стержнями в нерабочем направлении

а — свободно лежащей на стальной балке; б — консольно опирающейся на стальную балку; в — монолитно связанной с железобетонной балкой; г — защемленной в кирпичной стене; д — примыкающей к стене без опирания; 1 — пролетная рабочая арматура F_а диаметром d; 2 — опорная арматура по расчету, но не менее ¹/₃F_a; 3 — опорная арматура; 4 — распределительная арматура; 5 — арматура железобетонной балки

Рис. 107. Армирование средних опор монолитной плиты отдельными стержнями

а — монолитно связанной с железобетонной балкой в рабочем направлении; б — свободно лежащей на стальной балке в рабочем направлении; в — монолитно связанной с железобетонной балкой в нерабочем направлении; 1 — пролетная рабочая арматура F_a диаметром d; 2 — распределительная арматура; 3 — опорная арматура по расчету, но не менее ¹/₃F_a; 4 — арматура железобетонной балки; 5 — сварка

3.138. Консольные плиты при вылете консоли до одного метра принимаются постоянной толщины, а при вылете более одного метра сечение плиты консоли может быть переменным: на свободном конце консоли — не менее 50 мм, а в месте заделки — по расчету.

Глубина заделки консольной плиты в стену назначается по расчету и при временной нагрузке до 400 кгс/м² должна быть не менее:

250 мм — при вылете консоли до 600 мм;

380 мм — при вылете консоли 600 — 1000 мм.

При вылете консоли более 1000 мм или при больших нагрузках необходимо предусматривать специальные мероприятия по анкеровке консоли в стене.

3.139. Консольные плиты армируют, как правило, только верхней арматурой. Консоли, представляющие собой часть одно- или многопролетной плиты, армируются вместе с последними и той же арматурой — сетками или отдельными стержнями.

При армировании консольных плит, имеющих вылет более 1000 мм, допускается (если это рационально с точки зрения унификации позиции и сеток) половину рабочих стержней обрывать на половине вылета консоли.

3.140. Толстые монолитные плиты (например, фундаментные) рекомендуется армировать сварными армоблоками по типу, показанному на рис.

21

.

Устанавливать их следует с разрывом, равным ширине армоблока, а в зазор помещать горизонтальные плоские сварные сетки, из которых собран армоблок. В случае необходимости укладывают также сварные сетки перпендикулярного направления.

Отверстия в плитах

3.141. Отверстия значительных размеров в железобетонных плитах, панелях и т.п. должны окаймляться дополнительной арматурой сечением не менее сечения рабочей арматуры (того же направления), которая требуется по расчету плиты как сплошной (рис.

108

, а).

Отверстия размером до 300 мм специальными стержнями не обрамляются. Вязаная рабочая и распределительная арматура плиты вокруг таких отверстий сгущается — ставятся два стержня с промежутком 50 мм (рис.

108

, б). При армировании плиты сварными сетками рекомендуется такое отверстие вырезать в арматуре по месту.

Отверстия (проемы), если необходимо по расчету, обрамляются армированными ребрами. Размеры и армирование этих ребер зависит от размеров, формы, расположения в плане относительно балок перекрытия, назначения проема и в каждом отдельном случае решаются проектировщиком на основании расчета.

В арматурных чертежах специальные стержни для армирования плиты в пределах размера отверстия, за исключением окаймляющих, как правило, не даются, а на чертеже следует помещать примечание: в пределах отверстия стержни разрезать по месту и отогнуть в тело плиты.

При армировании перекрытия сварными сетками отверстия размером до 500ґ500 мм при раскладке сеток не учитываются, а на чертеже дается примечание: отверстие вырезать по месту.

При больших размерах отверстия сетки раскладываются с учетом отверстий, однако в районе отверстия плиту рекомендуется армировать отдельными стержнями, не нарушая унификации сеток.

Дополнительная арматура, окаймляющая отверстия, должна быть заведена за края отверстия на длину не менее величины нахлестки l_н согласно п.

2.46

настоящего Руководства.

Рис. 108. Армирование плит в местах отверстий

а — отверстия размером более 300 мм; б — отверстия размером до 300 мм; 1 — стержни арматуры плиты; 2 — окаймляющие стержни, образованные сгущением арматуры плиты; 3 — стержни специальной окаймляющей отверстие арматуры

Армирование плит в зоне продавливания

3.142. Поперечная арматура, устанавливаемая в плитах в зоне продавливания, должна иметь анкеровку по концам, выполняемую приваркой или охватом продольной арматуры. Расстояние между поперечными стержнями принимается не более ¹/₃h и не более 200 мм, где h — толщина плиты. Ширина зоны постановки поперечной арматуры должна быть не менее 1,5h.

---

Руководство по конструированию бетонных и железобетонных конструкций из тяжелого бетона (без предварительного напряжения).

Москва, Стройиздат, 1978 г.

В Руководстве изложены основные принципы конструирования наиболее массовых элементов из тяжелого бетона, а также приведены подробные данные по армированию конструкций, анкеровке и стыковке арматуры, конструированию арматурных изделий и закладных деталей и др.

Если вы являетесь правообладателем данного документа, и не желаете его нахождения в свободном доступе, вы можете сообщить о свох правах и потребовать его удаления. Для этого вам неоходимо написать письмо по одному из адресов: root@elima.ru, root.elima.ru@gmail.com.