Руководство пользователя по английскому языку

Two Operating Manuals
How to operate your Washamatic

1. Move the Washamatic into a convenient position near your sink. See that all controls are in the OFF position. Remove the lid by sliding it towards the right and gently disengaging from the retaining catch. Attach the adjustable end of the filling hose provided to your tap. This end can be made to fit any size of tap by tightening or loosening the adjuster screw. Fill the tub to the level required, taking care that the water does not rise above the point indicated by the red line running around the inside of the tub. The tub is designed to take a family wash of up to 7 lb. weight of dry clothes. Smaller loads may be washed using less water, but see that the agitator blades are covered to a depth of at least 4″. The Washamatic is now ready to be plugged into the electric socket and switched on.
2. Switch the water heater to ON and move the HEATER control lever upwards until it is opposite the recommended temperature. The temperature is automatically controlled and the heater may be left on for the duration of the wash. The heater control lever may be reset if a higher or lower temperature is required. The red indicator light will go out when the water reaches the temperature indicated by the control lever. The heater will bring cold water to the boil if required, but using hot water to fill the tub will enable the correct washing temperature to be reached more quickly.
3. Before washing, see that ah tears in the clothes have been mended. Tie loosely any strings, pyjama cords, etc. Sort the washing into groups as recommended in the table below.
Put in the washing, pushing each item into the water separately and distributing evenly around the agitator.
4. Move the WASH control lever to the required time. This will start the washing action. The washer will now be working automatically and may be left until it switches itself off at the right time.
5. Take the clothes from the wash tub and place them in the spin dryer ensuring that they are distributed evenly around the drum. Secure the special retaining lid on top of the drum.
6. Switch the spinner control lever to ON. The spinner will start and suds will be returned to the wash tub.

Две инструкции по эксплуатации
Как пользоваться вашей автоматической стиральной машиной

1. Установите стиральную машину в удобном месте рядом с раковиной. Убедитесь в том, что все переключатели находятся в положении «ВЫКЛ». Сдвиньте крышку вправо, мягко отодвинув предохранительные скобы. Подсоедините один конец прилагаемого шланга к водопроводному крану. Этот конец шланга можно подсоединить к крану любого диаметра путем поджимания или ослабления регулировочного зажима. Наполните бак водой до нужного уровня, следя за тем, чтобы ее уровень не поднялся выше красной полоски внутри бака. Бак вмещает 7 фунтов сухого белья. Меньшее количество белья можно стирать в меньшем количестве воды, но при этом лопасти должны быть покрыты водой по крайне мере на 4 дюйма. Теперь стиральную машину можно подсоединить к розетке и включить.
2. Установите нагреватель воды в положение «ВКЛ» и передвиньте ручку НАГРЕВАТЕЛЯ вперед до рекомендуемой температуры. Температура воды регулируется автоматически и нагреватель можно оставить включенным на время всего процесса стирки. Ручку нагревателя можно переустановить, если требуется более высокая, либо низкая температура воды.
Когда температура воды достигнет установленной отметки, на индикаторе загорится красная лампочка. При необходимости нагреватель доводит холодную воду до кипения, но заполнив бак горячей водой, вы быстрее нагреете ее до нужной температуры.
3. До начала стирки следует проверить белье на отсутствие дыр. Нетуго завяжите все веревки, шнуры пижамы и т.п. Рассортируйте белье по группам, как рекомендовано в табличке внизу. Опустите белье в воду, каждую вещь по отдельности, равномерно распределяя вокруг лопастей.
4. Установите переключатель СТИРКА на требуемое время. Это запустит процесс стирки. Стиральная машина теперь будет работать автоматически и ее можно оставить — в нужное время она отключится автоматически.
5. Выньте белье из бака и переложите в центрифугу, убедившись, чоо оно равномерно распределено вокруг барабана. Плотно закройте крышку центрифуги.
6. Установите переключатель центрифуги в положение «ВКЛ». Барабан начнет вращаться и мыльная вода сольется в стиральный бак.

Making a recording

1. Before removing the lid, unscrew the panel which is located on the right hand side of the recorder and check the MAINS VOLTAGE; the number showing through the small slot inside the panel must correspond to the voltage of your mains supply. The MAINS LEAD may now be connected to the electric wall socket.
2. Connect the MICROPHONE to the socket at the rear marked «M». Take off the lid.
3. THREAD by placing full spool on left-hand spindle. Take tape from full spool via the slot in the head-cover and wind the red leader-tape and metallized switching leader on to the empty spool, turning this in an anti-clockwise direction for a few turns.
4. Switch MAINS SWITCH on the top panel to the ON position. Turn SPEED-SELECTOR control to the required tape-speed position. The green warning light will now be illuminated.
5. Move CONTROL LEVER to RECORD position. Before this can be done it is necessary to depress the red RECORD SAFETY BUTTON.
6. Adjust the RECORDING LEVEL by speaking in a normal voice into the microphone from a distance of eighteen inches. Turn recording level control in a clockwise direction, noting amount by which the pointer is deflected on the RECORDING-LEVEL METER. The level is correctly set when the indicator travels almost to the end of the green segment during the loudest passages. The pointer must not be allowed to move into the red segment or distortion of the recording will result.
7. Move START lever to the ON position. You are now recording. To stop recording, move start lever back to OFF.
8. Move control lever from record to REWIND, and start the recorder. When the tape has rewound on to the left-hand spool, stop the recorder.
9. Move control lever to the PLAY position and start the recorder. The recording will now be played back.

Как произвести запись на магнитофоне

1. Перед тем, как снять верхнюю крышку, отвинтите панель с правой стороны магнитофона и проверьте ИСТОЧНИК ПИТАНИЯ; цифра, указанная в прорези внутри должна соответствовать напряжению вашего источника питания. Теперь можно подсоединить ГЛАВНЫЙ ПРОВОД в розетку.
2. Подсоедините МИКРОФОН к отверстию на задней панели магнитофона помеченному «М». Снимите верхнюю крышку.
3. СМОТАЙТЕ всю пленку на левую бобину. Протяните пленку между головками на верхней панели магнитофона и намотайте начало пленки на пустую бобину, прокрутив ее несколько раз против часовой стрелки.
4. Нажмите кнопку «ВКЛ» на верхней панели магнитофона. Установите рукоятку СКОРОСТЬ на требуемую скорость прокручивания пленки. При этом должна загореться зеленая лампочка.
5. Переведите ПЕРЕКЛЮЧАТЕЛЬ в положение ЗАПИСЬ. До этого необходимо отжать красную кнопку КОНТРОЛЬ ЗАПИСИ.
6. Настройте УРОВЕНЬ ЗАПИСИ наговаривая в микрофон обычным голосом с расстояния восемнадцати дюймов. Поверните ручку уровня записи по часовой стрелке, отметив уровень громкости, при котором происходит отклонение стрелки на ШКАЛЕ УРОВНЯ ЗАПИСИ. Уровень записи установлен правильно, если стрелка индикатора при наиболее громких звуках достигает края зеленого сегмента шкалы. Стрелка не должна заходить на красный сегмент, иначе последует искажение записи.
7. Нажмите кнопку «ПУСК». Запись начата. Для остановки записи отожмите кнопку «ПУСК».
8. Установите переключатель из положения «ЗАПИСЬ» в положение «ОБРАТНАЯ ПЕРЕМОТКА», и включите магнитофон. После перемотки пленки на левую бобину остановите магнитофон.
9. Установите переключатель в положение «ВОСПР.» и включите Магнитофон. Теперь начнется воспроизведение записи.

МИНИСТЕРСТВО ЛЕСНОГО ХОЗЯЙСТВА

И ОХРАНЫ ОБЪЕКТОВ ЖИВОТНОГО МИРА НИЖЕГОРОДСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

Государственное бюджетное профессиональное

образовательное учреждение Нижегородской области

«КРАСНОБАКОВСКИЙ ЛЕСНОЙ КОЛЛЕДЖ»

(ГБПОУ НО «КБЛК»)

МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ УКАЗАНИЯ

по дисциплине «Иностранный язык

в профессиональной деятельности (Английский язык)»

для студентов IV курса

«Инструкции и руководства при использовании приборов

технического оборудования автомобиля»

для специальности 23.02.07 «Техническое обслуживание

и ремонт двигателей, систем и агрегатов автомобилей»

РАССМОТРЕНО: на заседании предметно-цикловой комиссии общеобразовательных дисциплин ПРОТОКОЛ № от « » сентября 2021г. Председатель ПЦК____________________

Составили: преподаватели иностранных языков Воронина М.В., Булкина Т.А.

Красные Баки

2021

Lesson 1

Instructions and Guides: Vocabulary

1. Translate the following word combinations:

Чистые фары; проверьте задний фонарь; стоп-сигналы; убедиться; лобовое стекло; шина; давление воздуха; повреждение; двигатель; застегнуть; путь; часть дороги; невидимая водителю машины задняя сторона автомобиля; зеркало задней обзорности; тормозная система; руководство; устанавливать; осторожный; предвидеть; проверьте, чтобы фары были чистые; убедитесь, что свет и сигналы поворота работают нормально.

2. Translate the following words and word combinations:

Blind spots; make sure; rear; rearview mirror; adjust; braking system; anticipate; prudent; buckle up; engine; clean headlights; check for taillights; windshield; brake lights; tire; damage air pressure; path; check for clean headlights; make sure all light and turn signals work properly.

3. Read and translate the text “Preparing to drive”

Before operating a vehicle:

— check for clean headlights, taillights and brake lights. Make sure all lights and turn signals work properly. Clean the windshield and windows;

— check the tires for proper air pressure and for any possible damage:

— check in front and behind the vehicle for objects, animals or persons in your path.

Before starting the engine:

— make sure you are positioned in the driver’s seat;

— make sure you and all passengers, including children, are properly buckled up;

— check mirrors and check again for anything in your path. As a driver, you have at least two blind spots: to the left rear and right rear of the vehicle. Make sure the inside rearview mirror is properly adjusted so you can see the center of the road and any traffic behind the vehicles. Adjust the left outside mirror to see the left edge of the vehicle when seated in a normal driving position. If there is a right outside mirror, adjust it to permit a clear view of the right rear edge of the vehicle;

— turn your head to check the blind spots before every lane change. You cannot get rid of blind spots, but can make them smaller by properly adjusting the mirrors;

— know what type of braking system the vehicle has. If it has antilock brakes, be sure to read and follow the instructions in the owner’s manual.

4. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words: to check, brake, damage, engine, passenger, to adjust, to drive, path, signal, window

1. You should always ____ your oil, water, and tires before taking your car on a long trip.

2. She had no _____ on her bicycle.

3. The doctors were worried that he might have suffered brain _______.

4. My car’s been having ______ trouble recently.

5. Two _______ trains were involved in the accident.

6. If the chair is too high you can _____ it to suit you.

7. They’re _____ing to Scotland on Tuesday.

8. They followed the ____ until they came to a gate.

9. The ______ for a race to start is often the firing of a gun.

10. He caught me staring out of the _______.

5. Translate the sentences:

1. Make sure the inside rearview mirror is properly adjusted so you can see the center of the road and any traffic behind the vehicle.

2. Adjust the left outside mirror to see the left edge of the vehicle when seated on a normal driving position.

3. This speed is never faster than the posted speed limit.

6. Match the words from the left-side column with their definitions from the right-side column:

1. to check	a. a route or track between one place and another, or the direction in which something is moving
2. brake	b. a person who is travelling in a vehicle but is not driving it, flying it, or working on it
3. damage	c. an action, movement, or sound that gives information, a message, a warning, or an order
4. engine	d. to make certain that something or someone is correct, safe, or suitable by examining it or them quickly
5. passenger	e. a machine that uses the energy from liquid fuel or steam to produce movement
6. to adjust	f. harm or injury
7. to drive	g. a device that makes a vehicle go slower or stop, or a pedal, bar, or handle that makes this device work
8. path	h. a space usually filled with glass in the wall of a building or in a vehicle, to allow light and air in and to allow people inside the building to see out
9. signal	i. to change something slightly, especially to make it more correct, effective, or suitable
10. window	j. to move or travel on land in a motor vehicle, especially as the person controlling the vehicle’s movement

Lesson 2

Infinitive forms

Инфинитив (the Infinitive) – это неличная форма глагола, которая называет действие. Инфинитив является основной формой глагола и представляет глагол в словаре. Признаком инфинитива является частица to:

to help – помогать, to read – читать.

Инфинитив употребляется без частицы to в следующих случаях:

You had better go now. – Лучше уйди / иди сейчас.

I must see you at once. – Мне надо сейчас же встретиться с тобой.

Формы инфинитива

Forms	Active	Passive
Indefinite	to write	to be written
Continuous	to be writing	–
Perfect	to have written	to have been written
Perfect Continuous	to have been writing	–

Инфинитив в форме действительного залога обозначает действие, произведённое лицом, выраженным в предложении подлежащим, а в страдательном залоге – действие, направленное на это лицо.

I like to help. –  Я люблю помогать.

I like to be helped. –  Я люблю, когда мне помогают.

Инфинитив в Indefinite Active обозначает действие, не уточняя характер его протекания. Инфинитив в Continuous Active подчеркивает длительность действия.

She likes to write letters. – Она могла писать письмо.

She must be still writing. – Она, должно быть, все еще пишет.

Неперфектный инфинитив выражает действие, одновременное с действием глагола-сказуемого (или следующее за ним).

Перфектный инфинитив выражает действие, предшествующее действию, выраженному глаголом-сказуемым.

I am glad to study at the College. –  Я рад, что учусь в колледже.

I am glad to have studied at the College. – Я рад, что учился в колледже.

После глаголов love, like, dislike, hate, start, begin, continue, stop и др. может употребляться как инфинитив, так и глагол с окончанием –ing.

Например: I love to watch / watching actions films.

He likes to play / playing football.

She hates to wash / washing the dishes.

NB!	They enjoy reading. I am finishing reading this book.
to stop doing smth – not to continue an activity to stop to do smth – to stop what are you doing in order to do smth

1. Translate the sentences:

1. I’d like to go home early today.

2. It’s nice to be sitting here.

3. I’m glad to have left school.

4. He doesn’t like to be interrupted while he’s working.

5. I remember to have been asked this question.

6. I’d like to have been sitting there when she walked in.

7. She asked me not to forget to post the letter.

8. I was sorry not to have phoned you.

9. We must make careful plans.

10. I would rather go by myself.

2. Open the brackets

1. I (to love, to read) and (to listen) to the music.

2. He (not to like, to play) chess.

3. We (to like, to correspond) with each other very much.

4. Bob (to hate, to wash the dishes).

5. We (to enjoy, to travel) round our country.

6. They (to like, to chat) with each other in the evenings.

7. Mary and her Mum (to love, to do shopping).

8. My parents (not to like, to go) to the theatre.

3. Define the forms of the Infinitive (Passive or Active; Indefinite, Continuous, Perfect or Perfect Continuous) in the following sentences.

1. I want to see your design.

2. It can be done.

3. The mistake must be found.

4. We knew him to be working in the room.

5. They are likely to be being served now.

6. I remember to have seen her somewhere.

7. We thought the mistake to have been found.

8. He must have been working all night.

9. She appeared to have been leading a very busy life before.

10. It’s nice to be sitting here with you.

11. It’s good to have finished work for the day.

12. I’m sorry not to have come on Friday.

13. I appear to have made a small mistake.

14. I didn’t expect to be invited.

15. There is a lot of work to do.

16. There is a lot of work to be done.

4. Write the sentences, underline the infinitive and translate each sentence:

1. I was surprised to see that you were here.

2. I did not forget to cancel that appointment.

3. With Roger here, I am never going to finish my work.

4. I wish that I could afford to get my hair cut.

5. I may decide to forgo dessert this evening.

6. If Ken remembers to buy tissues, it will be a miracle.

7. I have always wanted to learn how to cook.

8. He neglected to stir the pudding, and now it’s burnt.

9. He has decided not to pursue a career in the law.

10. The kids really like to play on the Wii.

11. The turtle I found refused to emerge from its shell.

12. My plan is to read to the class in the morning.

13. My fear is that it will continue to rain all weekend.

14. That girl loves to ride the big palomino horse.

15. We will all get good grades if we commit to study.

5. Answer the questions using Infinitive and the words: exhibition, play, picture, profession, travel leaflet, mushrooms, book, bread, magazine, movie.

Example: 1) Why are you going to the baker’s? To buy some bread.

2) Why are you going to the bookshop?

3) Why is he going to the travel agent’s?

4) Why are they going to the post office?

5) Why is she going to the forest?

6) Why are we going to the museum?

7) Why is he going to the gallery?

Why are they going to the theatre?

9) Why is she going to the cinema?

10) Why is he going to the college?

6. Translate the sentences:

1. Они обещали прочитать мой отчет сегодня.

2. Я наконец-то закончил читать эту книгу!

3. Вместо этого мы решили пойти в кино.

4. Я предлагаю оплатить чеком, это безопаснее, чем наличными.

5. Я хотел бы пойти на вечеринку с тобой.

6. Я не люблю ждать.

7. Я не хочу уходить.

8. Я предложил помочь.

9. Мы не можем позволить себе купить новую машину в этом году.

10. Наконец я смог закончить работу.

11. Она пыталась достать книгу с высокой полки, но была слишком маленького роста.

12. Учитель ожидал, что Сара будет усердно учиться.

13. Он научился кататься на велосипеде в возрасте 5 лет.

14. Ты знаешь, что делать, если в магазине будет пожар?

15. Найти хороших друзей не просто.

Lesson 3

Instructions and Guides: practice of reading and translating

1. Match a–f with 1–6 to make rhythms.

1) flows 2) fan 3) true 4) cost 5) pin 6) rank

a) tank b) most c) thin d) goes e) through f) pan

2. Read, translate the text:

A radiator is a type of heat exchanger. It is designed to (transfer, deliver, replace) heat from the hot coolant that flows through it to the air blown through it by the fan.

Most modern cars use aluminum radiators. These radiators are made by brazing thin aluminum fins to flattened aluminum (tubes, columns, wires). The coolant flows from the inlet to the (outlet, exit, way out) through many tubes mounted in a parallel arrangement. The fins conduct the (heat, temperature, warm) from the tubes and transfer it to the air flowing through the radiator.

The tubes sometimes have a type of fin inserted into them called a turbulator, which increases the turbulence of the fluid flowing through the tubes. If the fluid flowed very smoothly (through, across, over) the tubes, only the fluid actually touching the tubes could be cooled directly. The amount of heat transferred to the tubes from the fluid running through them depends on the difference in temperature (between, among, near) the tube and the fluid touching it. By creating turbulence inside the tube, all of the fluid mixes together, keeping the temperature of the fluid touching the tubes up so that more heat can be extracted, and all of the fluid inside the tube is used (effectively, effective, well).

Radiators usually have a (tank, piston, drum) on each side, and inside tank is a transmission cooler. The transmission cooler is like a radiator within a radiator, except instead of exchanging heat with the air, the (oil, petrol, air) exchanges heat with the coolant in the radiator.

3. Answer the questions.

1. What materials are radiators made of?

2. What is a turbulator used for?

3. What does the amount of the heat transferred to the tubes from the fluid running through them depend on?

4. How can you explain the work of transmission cooler?

4. Correct mistakes in the following sentences.

1. Most modern cars are use aluminum radiators.

2. The coolant flows through much tubes.

3. The amount of heat depends on different in temperature.

4. Radiators usually have a tank on every side.

5. Read and translate the text. Choose the appropriate translation to the underlined words from the list below.

Car cooling system operation

The cooling system on modern liquid-cooled cars has a lot of plumbing. First, the pump sends the fluid into the engine block, where it makes its way through passages in the engine around the cylinders. Then it returns through the cylinder head of the engine. The thermostat is located where the fluid leaves the engine. The plumbing around the thermostat sends the fluid back to the pump directly if the thermostat is closed. If it is open, the fluid goes through the radiator first and then back to the pump. There is also a separate circuit for the heating system. This circuit takes fluid from the cylinder head and passes it through a heater core and then back to the pump. On cars with automatic transmission, there is normally also a separate circuit for cooling the transmission fluid built into the radiator. The oil from the transmission is pumped by the transmission through a second heat exchanger inside the: radiator.

Радиатор, термостат, система охлаждения, насос, встроенный, автоматическая трансмиссия, система обогрева.

6. Put in prepositions where necessary.

1. The pump sends the fluid … the engine.

2. The liquid goes … passages in the engine … the cylinders.

3. There is a separate circuit … the heating system.

4. A separate circuit for cooling the transmission is built … the radiator.

5. The oil is pumped … the transmission … a heat exchanger.

7. Translate the antonyms:

necessary – unnecessary; experienced – inexperienced; organic – inorganic;

pure – impure; movable – immovable; logical – illogical; rational – irrational;

responsible – irresponsible; to believe – to disbelieve; to mount – to dismount;

usual – unusual; essential – non-essential

8. Write the following definitions and match them with the words given below, translate the sentences.

1) An induction system component intended to filter particulate matter from the incoming air.

a) battery; b) wiper; c) air cleaner

2) A foot-operated device which allows the driver to vary the degree of opening of the induction system throttle.

a) engine; b) accelerator pedal; c) bonnet

3) An on-board electrical storage component which may be used to activate electrical devices or systems, such as starter, ignition, etc.

a) battery; b) wiper; c) wheel

Lesson 4

Функции инфинитива

Инфинитив может выполнять в предложении функции различных членов предложения. Основные функции инфинитива в английском языке — это подлежащее, часть простого сказуемого, часть составного глагольного сказуемого, именная часть составного сказуемого, дополнение, определение и обстоятельство.

1. Подлежащее.

То smoke is harmful. — Курить вредно.

2. Часть простого сказуемого в сочетании со вспомогательными глаголами.

I shall go to the Crimea. — Я поеду в Крым.

3. Часть составного глагольного сказуемого.

а) в сочетании с модальными глаголами:

Не can dance twist. — Он умеет танцевать твист.

б) в сочетании с глаголами, которые без инфинитива не дают полного смыслового значения: to begin — начинать, to continue — продолжать, to decide — решать, to want — хотеть, to hope — надеяться, to try — пытаться, стараться, to end — закончить, to stop — остановиться и др.:

He decided to rest in Sochi. — Он решил отдыхать в Сочи.

4. Именная часть составного сказуемого.

Our plan is to work during our summer vacation and then buy a tape player and some cassettes. — Наш план — работать во время летних каникул, а затем купить магнитофон и несколько кассет.

5. Дополнение (после переходных глаголов).

She asked me to buy five carnations for our mother for the 8th of March. — Она попросила меня купить пять гвоздик нашей маме к 8 Марта.

6. Определение.

I have no desire to order these books. — У меня нет желания заказывать эти книги.

Заметьте:

1) Инфинитив, который определяет существительное, переводится определительным придаточным предложением с глаголом, выражающим долженствование в форме будущего времени.

The schoolchildren to take part in the ski race, have come. — Школьники, которые примут участие в лыжных соревнованиях, пришли.

2) Инфинитив в функции определения часто употребляется после слов the first, the second, the third,…, the last, the only и т. п. и переводится глаголом в личной форме в том времени, в котором стоит глагол-сказуемое.

Не is always the last to come to work. — Он всегда приходит на работу последним.

7. Обстоятельство.

1. Для выражения цели (при переводе перед инфинитивом употребляется союз чтобы, для того чтобы):

Не came to Moscow to study at the University. — Он приехал в Москву (, чтобы) учиться в университете.

НО: после глаголов to go и to come в повелительном наклонении инфинитив не употребляется. Инфинитив приобретает повелительную форму (форму повелительного наклонения), и оба глагола объединяются союзом and.

Go and ask him. (Нельзя говорить: Go to ask him.) — Иди и попроси его.

Come and ring him up. (Нельзя сказать: Come to ring him up.) — Приходи и позвони ему.

Перед инфинитивом, выражающим цель, могут стоять союзы in order to — чтобы, so as to — для того чтобы.

Take a taxi so as not to miss the train.

Возьми такси, чтобы не опоздать на поезд.

2. Для выражения следствия в обороте «too, enough + прилагательное или наречие + инфинитив»

I don’t know him well enough to ask him for money. — Я не знаю его достаточно хорошо, чтобы просить у него деньги.

3. Для выражения эмоционального состояния после прилагательных glad — радостный, sad — печальный, happy — счастливый, surprised — удивлённый, disappointed — разочарованный.

I was happy to see her again.

Я был счастлив снова видеть её.

№1. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. These are the shoes to buy.

2. Here is the money to pay for the dinner.

3. She found the man to rely on.

4. He was not the man to trust.

5. This is a very difficult question to answer.

6. It is a good place to visit.

7. I have nothing to read.

8. She has nobody to speak to.

9. There is no time to lose.

10. There is nothing to speak of.

№2. Замените выделенные части предложений инфинитивными оборотами.

Example: The boy had many toys which he could play with. — The boy had many toys to play with.

1. Here is something which will make you laugh. 

2. Here is news which will surprise you. 

3. Here are some more books which may interest you.

4. I need something I could write with. 

5. I have brought you a magazine which you can read now.

6. He told us many ideas that we were to think over. 

7. She has a baby which she must take care of. 

8. I have no money which I can spend. 

9. Have you got anything that you want to say? 

10. There was nothing that he could do.

№3. Переделайте предложения по образцу. Переведите предложения:

Example: It is difficult to understand him. = He is difficult to understand.

1. It is interesting to read this book. — The book …

2. It is easy to use the machine. — The machine is …

3. It was difficult to open the window. — The window …

4. It was impossible to translate the text. — The text …

5. It is not safe to stand on that ladder. — The ladder …

6. It is difficult to recognize him. —

7. It is pleasant to look at her. —

№4. Переведите на английский язык

1. Сказать по правде, мне это не нравится.

2. Им было нечего есть.

3. Чтобы перевести эту статью, вы должны воспользоваться словарем.

4. Мне не с кем поговорить.

5. Чтобы получить хорошую работу, вы должны знать несколько языков.

6. Начнем с того, что он болен.

7. Они слишком молоды, чтобы жениться.

8. Ребенку не с кем играть.

9. Что­бы успеть на этот поезд, вы должны поторопиться.

10. Она не сказала ему правду, чтобы не расстроить его.

№5. Определите функцию инфинитива в предложении

1. He advised us to spend a night in the basement.

2. You can leave any time.

3. We began to work on the problem.

4. The tourists made a fire to warm up the kettle.

5. It is great fun to swim with dolphins.

6. The police asked us to tell what we saw.

7. The two lovers went out so as to listen to nightingales.

8. I am too old to make such journeys.

9. To walk every day is good for health.

10. We are so happy to visit him on weekends.

№6. Переделайте предложения, употребляя конструкцию adjective + enough + infinitive.

1. The rule was difficult. The child could hardly understand it.

2. The car is expensive. I can’t buy it.

3. The house is small. Such a big family can’t live in it.

4. The shoes are tight. The child can’t wear them.

5. The passage is difficult. It can hardly be learned by heart.

Lesson 5

Инструкции и руководства: практика чтения

№1. Read and translate the texts:

1. Check the Oil

Motor oil is designed to lubricate, cool and seal internal engine components. That’s why regularly checking and changing engine oil is an important part of overall vehicle maintenance. Running the engine with little or no oil will cause the engine to overheat and eventually seize up. Neglecting to change the oil periodically will shorten the life of your engine.

Step 1: Start your vehicle and warm up the engine. Park the vehicle on a level surface and turn off the engine. Wait 2 or 3 minutes to allow the oil to drain to the bottom of the oil pan.

Step 2: Open the hood and locate the engine oil dipstick. Refer to your vehicle owner’s manual for the exact location.

Step 3: Pull the oil dipstick out of the tube and wipe off the engine oil with a clean shop rag.

Step 4: Reinsert the dipstick into the dipstick tube all the way.

Step 5: Pull the oil dipstick out and check the oil level. The oil level should be between

the Min and Max marks on the dipstick.

Step 6: Add oil if below the Min mark. It takes one quart to raise the oil level from Min

to Max.

2. Check the tire pressure

Tire pressure is often overlooked, but it directly influences how a vehicle performs on the road. Low tire pressure can affect handling, overall ride and fuel economy. Over-inflating tires can cause the vehicle to ride hard, and the tires to wear prematurely. It’s also important to know that temperature directly affects tire pressure. Be sure to check your vehicle’s tire pressure on a regular basis. For even more tire care tips, click here.

Step 1: Locate the tire’s valve stem.

Step 2: Using a tire pressure gauge, hold the gauge down on the valve stem to get the tire’s pressure reading. Perform this step for all of the tires on your vehicle.

Step 3: Compare the tire pressure to the information on the sticker located on the driver side door jam. Please make sure that the tires are cold and have not been driven on for at least an hour as the tire’s air pressure will increase as the temperature of the tire increases.

Step 4: If needed, inflate the tires to the manufacturer’s specifications.

3. Check the battery

Your car’s battery stores the electrical energy necessary to start your vehicle’s engine and power electrical components while the engine is not running. The battery should be secure to prevent damage, and the cable connections should be clean and tight to allow the proper flow of electricity. Most car batteries are a sealed lead acid type battery that lasts from three to five years depending on driving conditions. If your engine turns over slowly, this is a good indication that your battery is nearing the end of its life. If your car does not start at all, chances are, your battery is already dead. Replacing a battery is not a difficult job on most cars, just remember to wear hand and eye protection.

Step 1: Using a digital multi-meter, check the battery voltage with the engine off and the battery cool. A digital multi-meter is reasonably priced and easily available at your local auto parts store. The best time to check a battery is in the morning before you drive. A fully charged battery should read about 12.6 volts.

Step 2: Inspect the battery posts and cables for corrosion. Corrosion is a white powdery or chalky substance that forms on top of the battery.

Step 3: Check the date code on the battery to determine the age.

№2. Find the English equivalents in the text:

Уровень масла, масляный щуп, ниже отметки, масляный поддон, моторное масло, регулярная проверка, откройте капот, выключите двигатель, замена моторного масла, прогрейте двигатель, охлаждение, перегрев двигателя, предназначено для смазки.

№3. Match the word with their translation:

1) axle a) охлаждающая жидкость

2) suspension b) агрегат

3) body c) деталь

4) part d) кузов

5) coolant e) подвеска

6) assembly f) узел

7) aggregate g) мост

№4. Match the definition with the word, translate the sentences:

1. Система управления направлением движения транспортных средств с помощью рулевого колеса

a) axle

b) assembly

c) steering

d) cooling system

2. Часть автомобиля или другого транспортного средства, предназначенная для размещения пассажиров и грузов

a) body

b) chassis

c) assembly

d) part

3. Часть шасси автомобиля, расположенная над осями и связанная с колесами

a) aggregate

b) coolant

c) body

d) axle

4. Совокупность сборочных единиц и механизмов, соединяющих двигатель с ведущими колёсами транспортного средства

a) suspension

b) transmission

c) brake system

d) coolant

№5. Read the definitions and say what it is.

1. You use these when you want to go left or right.

2. You use it to stop.

3. You use it to lessen the effect of collision.

4. You can put luggage in here.

5. You turn this to steer the car.

6. You use this to warn other drivers

7. You put gas in it.

8. This covers the engine.

9. You turn these on at night.

10. This is the band of rubber on the rim (обод) of the wheel.

№6. What are these components used for? Make sentences according to the model.

Model: Starter servers for …

1. starter 2. horn 3. lighting system 4. generator 5. spark plug 6. storage battery 7. indicating

sparking the fuel-air mixture inner lighting and distance lighting accumulating the energy signaling showing the truck speed, the temperature of the cooling liquid charging the storage battery starting the engine

№7. Finish the sentences by choosing the right variant and translate them:

1) The mechanism used for stopping the car is ….

a) clutch; b) gearbox; c) brakes

2) The mechanism used for changing the speed is …

a) clutch; b) gearbox; c) brakes

3) The mechanism used for connecting (or disconnecting) the engine from the gearbox is….

a) brakes; b) clutch; c) steering system.

5) The unit carrying the power from the engine to the car wheels is….

a) power plant; b) power train; c) chassis.

6) The instrument measuring the speed of the car is….

a) heater, b) lights; c) speedometer.

Lesson 6

Грамматические упражнения

1. Read and translate the words having the same root:

Act-action-active-activity-interaction

Different-difference-differentiate-indifference

Locate-located-location

Apply-application

Engine-engineering-engineer

Create-creation-creative-creativity

Performance-performing-perform

Similar-similarity-similarly

Technology-technological-technician-technique

Produce-production-productivity-productive

Conversion-convert

2. Form words by means of the following prefixes or suffixes and translate them into Russian:

-action: consider

-ly: general, final

-ion: rotate, act, direct

-al: rotation, dimension

mis-: understand

ex-: change

-ant: distance

3. Fill in the following table.

Noun	Adjective	Verb
Rotation
		intersect
	permissible
Inclination
		circle
	compressive
Travel
		affect
	directive
Correspondence

4. Find the words which mean the opposite to these:

Outside; resemble; insignificant; first; simple; external; unreliable; inappreciably; useless; vanish; refuse; these; dependent.

5. Find the words which mean the same:

Reject; dependable; transfer; though; substantial; suggest; varied; appropriate; overall; modify; determine.

6. Form words by means of the following suffixes –er /-or and translate them into Russian:

To act, to conduct, to compose, to direct, to drive, to fight, to found, to invent, to lead, to mine, to read, to report, to speak, to teach.

7. Form words by means of the following suffixes —ist, -ism, -ian and translate them into Russian:

Art, social, type, capital, music, international, piano, electric, Canada, Russia.

8. Form words by means of the following suffixes –ment and translate them into Russian:

To improve, to measure, to disappoint, to pave, to announce, to agree, to state, to govern, to require, to arrange, to move, to develop, to achieve.

9. Form words by means of the following suffixes –ion, -ation, -sion, -ssion, -tion and translate them into Russian:

To collect, to combine, to connect, to dictate, to include, to introduce, to produce, to restrict, to submit.

10. Form words by means of the following suffixes –ness and translate them into Russian:

Bitter, absolute, damp, cold, dark, kind, happy, weak.

Lesson 7

Инструкции и руководства

№1. Read and translate the texts:

1. Check the coolant

Cooling system failure is the number one cause of mechanical breakdowns on the road. Checking the coolant level, mixture, and condition on a regular basis could prevent you from being stranded. Coolant/antifreeze usually contains ethylene glycol or propylene glycol, and other additives. It raises the boiling point and lowers the freezing point of the cooling system when mixed with distilled water. A 50/50 mixture is recommended for optimum performance. Litmus paper and antifreeze testers are readily available to test the condition and mixture. To check the coolant level, follow the steps below.

Step 1: Turn off your car and wait until the engine is cool.

Step 2: Open the hood of your car and locate the coolant reserve tank. It is usually a clear or white plastic tank that is connected to the radiator with a hose. Lines printed on the outside of the container will indicate whether or not the fluid level is high or low.

Step 3: If the level is low, unscrew the cap of the reserve tank and pour in a 50/50 mixture of Antifreeze/Coolant and distilled water. Use a funnel to avoid spillage.

Step 4: If the reservoir is empty, you may need to add coolant to the radiator as well. Remove the radiator cap (be sure the engine is cool) and add coolant until you can see the top of the fluid level inside. Be careful not to overflow.

Step 5: If your car doesn’t have a reservoir for Antifreeze/Coolant, pour the fluid directly into your radiator. Again, be careful not to overflow.

Step 6: When you’re finished, reinstall the caps. Remember, most coolants are toxic, so don’t leave open containers or leftover coolant lying around for children or pets to ingest, as it can be fatal.

2. Check the windshield wiper fluid and blades

Windshield wiper fluid and blades are essential to keeping your windshield clean while driving. It’s important to service your wiper fluid and blades regularly since the blades can dry and crack from the sun, or wear down from regular use. Wiper blades that skip, streak or leave spots or smears should be replaced.

Step 1: Turn off the engine and open your hood.

Step 2: Locate the windshield wiper fluid reservoir (typically a clear to white-colored jug filled with blue windshield washer fluid). Be sure not to mistake it for the coolant reservoir which can look similar. The coolant reservoir will be connected by a hose to the radiator.

Step 3: Open the reservoir.

Step 4: If the level is low, usually less than three-quarters full or below the “Fill” line on the jug, pour windshield washer fluid to the top of the container.

Step 5: Examine your windshield wiper blades for damage and wear. When operating, if the blades skip, streak or leave spots or smears, they should be replaced.

3. Check your lights

Your car’s headlights, taillights, brake lights and turn signals are essential in not only helping you see clearly while driving, but in helping others see you clearly too. Headlight and taillight bulbs are readily available from your local auto parts stores, and they are (in most cases) easy to change. It’s important to make sure all of your vehicle’s lights are working properly, especially since you spend most of your time inside your vehicle and might not know when one of your lights is not working.

Checking Headlight Bulbs

Step 1: Turn the key to the on position.

Step 2: Turn on your headlights and put them in the high beam position using the headlight controls next to your steering wheel.

Step 3: Exit the vehicle and go to the front of your car to inspect whether your high beam bulbs are working for both headlights.

Step 4: Re-enter your vehicle and put your headlights in the low beam position using the headlight controls next to your steering wheel.

Step 5: Re-exit the vehicle and go to the front of your car to inspect whether your high beam bulbs are working for both headlights.

Checking Brake Light Bulbs

Step 1: Have an assistant (friend or family member) step on the brakes while you inspect the lights at the rear of your vehicle.

Step 2: Locate any burned out brake light bulbs.

Checking Tail Light Bulbs

Step 1: Turn the key in the on position.

Step 2: Turn the head light switch to on.

Step 3: Standing outside of the vehicle, inspect the rear tail lights.

Step 4: Locate any burned out tail light bulbs.

Step 5: Turn the key and head light switch to the off position.

Checking Turn Signals

Step 1: Turn the key to the on position.

Step 2: Move the turn signal switch to engage the left turn signal. Inspect the front and rear bulbs.

Step 3: Move the turn signal switch to engage the right turn signal. Inspect the front and rear bulbs.

№2. Classify the metals: a. ferrous metals; b. non-ferrous metals; c. non-metals

steel, bronze, tin, rubber, cast-iron, aluminium, chrome, grey-iron, asbestos, iron, carbon

№3. Classify the details: a. immovable details; b. mobile details

piston, piston pins, crankcase, crankshaft, cylinder head, flywheel, connecting rods, cylinder block

№4. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:

Highway, route, caution, indicate, driver, pedestrian, lane, arrow, to warn, load

1. ______ is a public road, especially an important road that joins cities or towns together.

2. The _____ we had planned took us right across Greece.

3. We need to proceed with/exercise _______.

4. Exploratory investigations have ______ed large amounts of oil below the sea bed.

5. The _____ of the van was killed in the accident.

6. The death rate for ________ hit by cars is unacceptably high.

7. He drives so fast along those narrow country _____s.

8. Robin Hood asked to be buried where his _____ landed.

9. We were _____ed not to eat the fish which might give us a slight stomach upset.

10.The maximum _____ for this elevator is eight persons.

№5. Match the words from the left-side column with their definitions from the right-side column:

1.highway	a. to show, point, or make clear in another way
2.route	b. a narrow road in the countryside or in a town
3.caution	c. a weapon that is like a long, thin stick with a sharp point at one end and often feathers at the other
4.indicate	d. a particular way or direction between places
5.driver	e. great care and attention
6.pedestrian	f. someone who drives a vehicle
7.lane	g. the amount of weight carried, especially by a vehicle, a structure such as a bridge, or an animal
8.arrow	h. to make someone realize a possible danger or problem, especially one in the future
9.to warn	i. a person who is walking, especially in an area where vehicles go
10.load	j. a public road, especially an important road that joins cities or towns together

№6. Match the names of the tools to the pictures.

sander, heat gun, angle grinder, drill, screwdriver, drill press, lathe, bench grinder, table saw

№7. Match the names of tools to the definitions.

1) drill 2) drill bit 3) drill press 4) grinding machine 5) heat gun 6) sander 7) table saw

a) a power tool that delivers hot air to something b) a tool with one or more abrasive wheels foe sharpening tools c) a machine for smoothing wood d) a machine with a flat surface to cut wood e) a heavy-duty hole making machine f) a power tool used to bore holes g) a cutting tool that rotates in a drill

№8. Write the measurements in the correct columns: length / volume / weight

kilometers, gallons, yards, milligrams, feet, ounces, milliliters, tonnes, pounds, metres, inches, grams, centimetres, litres, kilograms, millimetres, pints

Lesson 8

Грамматические упражнения

Type	After the verbs	Complex Object
1st	Want, wish, would like, like, hate, desire, expect, know, believe, consider, get, cause.	somebody	to +V
2nd	Let, make	somebody	V
3rd	See, hear, feel, notice, watch	somebody	V (completed action) V-ing (action in progress)
Passive Voice	Hear, see, notice, make, allow		to + V

№1. Use to where necessary.

1.We expected Mr. Green __ help us.

2. Let the boy __ do what he wants.

3. Ann saw her __ drive a car.

4. I noticed Jill __ take a bag and __ go out.

5. Do you want me __ play with your brother.

6. The teacher made me __ do these exercises.

7. We like our mother __ read us fairy-tales.

№2. Choose the right form of the verb.

1.I feel him …. with me.

1. to agree b) agree c) agreed

2.His mother didn’t want him ….. Mary.

a) marry b) to marry c) married

3. Would you like me …. now?

a) to go b) go c) went

4. His loud voice makes me …. tired.

a) feel b) to feel c) felt

5. I hate you ….. in the room.

a) to smoke b) smoke c) smoked

6. We were allowed …. to bed later.

a) go b) to go c) went

7. I heard somebody … the door in the room.

a) open b) to open c) opened

8. We’ve heard her…… play the piano.

a) to play b) played c) play

9. Will you watch them …. ?

a) dance b) to dance c) danced

10. Our friends want their son …. the university.

a) enter b) to enter c) entered

11. Nobody wanted them …. to the party.

a) come b) to come c) came

12. Her parents won’t let her …. out alone.

a) go b) to go c) went

13. We know him ….. a great musician.

a) to be b) be c) was

14. I want you …. me the truth.

a) to tell b) tell c) told

№3. Перепишите следующие предложения, употребляя сложное дополнение вместо придаточных дополни­тельных предложений.

E.g. I expect that she will send me a letter. — I expect her to send me a letter.

I know that he is a great scientist. — I know him to be a great scientist.

1. I know that my friend is a just man. 2. I ex­pect that he will understand your problem and help you to solve it. 3. I expected that she would behave quite differently. 4. I did not expect that my brother would forget to send her flowers. 5. He knows that my mother is a very kind woman. 6. She expected that her brother would bring her the book. 7. I know that your uncle is an excellent mathematician. 8. People expect that the 21st century will bring peace on the Earth. 9. We know that it is true. 10. I never expected that he would be a politician. 11. No one expects that the President will resign. 12. We expect that the economy will grow by 2% next year. 13. I didn’t expect that he knew Russian so well. 14. I expect that it will take about an hour to get home. 15. The kids know that all her pies are delicious. 16. They expect that he will have a good working knowledge of computers. 17. No­body expected that she would win the gold medal.

№4. Переведите на английский язык, употребляя слож­ное дополнение.

1. Я хочу, чтобы все дети смеялись. 2. Я хочу, чтобы все это прочитали. 3. Мне хотелось бы, что­бы доктор посмотрел его. 4. Дети хотели, чтобы я рассказал им сказку. 5. Я не хочу, чтобы она знала об этом. 6. Он хотел, чтобы его друг пошел с ним. 7. Мой брат хочет, чтобы я изучала испанский язык. 8. Я бы хотел, чтобы мои ученики хорошо знали английский язык. 9. Я не хочу, чтобы ты по­лучил плохую оценку. 10. Мне бы не хотелось, что­бы они опоздали. 11. Я не хотела, чтобы вы меня ждали. 12. Она бы хотела, чтобы ее брат получил первый приз. 13. Я хочу, чтобы вы прочли эту книгу. 14. Мне бы хотелось, чтобы вы приехали к нам. 15. Она хотела, чтобы ее сын хорошо окончил школу. 16. Им бы хотелось, чтобы мы проиграли игру. 17. Она не хотела, чтобы я уехал в Москву. 18. Я бы не хотел, чтобы вы потеряли мою книгу. 19. Папа хочет, чтобы я была пианисткой. 20. Мы хотим, чтобы этот артист приехал к нам в школу. 21. Вам бы хотелось, чтобы я рассказал вам эту историю? 22. Хотите, я дам вам мой словарь?

№5. Закончите предложения, употребляя сложное дополнение.         

E.g. “Bring me a book,” said my brother to me.     

My brother wanted me to bring him a book.

1. The teacher said to the pupils: “Learn the rule.” — The teacher wanted … 2. “Be careful, or else you will spill the milk,” said my mother to me. — My mother did not want … 3. “My daughter will go to a ballet school,” said the woman. — The woman wanted …4. The man said: “My son will study mathematics.” —The man wanted … 5. “Oh, father, buy me this toy, please,” said the little boy. — The little boy wanted …6. “Wait for me after school,” said Ann to me. — Ann wanted … 7. “Fix the shelf in the kitchen,” my father said to me. — My father wanted … 8. “It will be very good if you study English,” said my brother to me. —My brother wanted … 9. “Fetch me some water from the river, children,” said our grandmother. — Our grandmother wanted … 10. “Come to my birthday party,” said Kate to her classmates. — Kate want­ed … 11. The biology teacher said to us: “Collect some insects in summer.” — The biology teacher wanted …12. “Don’t eat ice cream before dinner,” said our aunt to us. Our aunt did not want … 13. “Come and live in St Petersburg with me,” said my mother to me. My mother wanted…

№6. Fill in the correct form of the Infinitive:

1. Would you like me _______ (help) you now?

2. The teacher advised us _______ (rewrite) the test.

3. I find your story _______ (be) very unusual and interesting.

4. Tom made us _______ (do) this exercise all over again.

5. I expected my friends _______ (arrive) in an hour.

6. Please, let me _______ (know) when your sister returns from Paris.

7. I want you _______ (choose) the hotel for our guests.

8. He made us ________ (wait) for two hours in the corridor.

9. She felt somebody _______ (push) her slightly.

10. I know Helen _______ (be) a very talented singer.

11. Nick doesn’t want me _______ (tell) everybody this news.

12. Tom found the newcomer ________ (be) very rude and unpleasant.

13. I would like you _______ (be) very accurate and attentive.

14. Pam believes him _______ (fulfill) his promise.

15. I watched the cat _______ (crawl) to the flock of sparrows.

16. Tim didn’t hear me _______ (come) into the room.

17. My teacher wants me _______ (take part) in this conference.

18. She would like me _______ (finish) the work in time.

19. I want my brother ________ (learn) French at school.

20. The teacher advised us _______ (use) the new programme.

21. We saw Tom _______ (leave) the house.

22. The father let the children ________ (play) in the garden.

Lesson 9

Инструкции и руководства

№1. Read and translate the texts:

How to change oil

Motor oil is designed to lubricate, cool and seal internal engine components. When the engine is on, oil is constantly circulating through critical parts of your car’s motor. That’s why regularly checking and changing engine oil is an important part of overall vehicle maintenance. Neglecting to change the oil periodically will shorten the life of your engine. If your engine oil level is low, check for potential leaks.

Step 1: Start your vehicle and warm-up the engine. Oil contaminants will drain more easily from a warm engine.

Step 2: Park your vehicle on a solid level surface, turn off the engine and set the parking brake. Driving the vehicle on ramps or lifting the front of the vehicle may be necessary to change the engine oil if the vehicle ground clearance is too low.

Step 3: Open the hood and locate the engine oil fill cap.

Step 4: Remove the engine oil fill cap. This will allow the dirty oil to drain quicker.

Step 5: Place a drain pan under the oil drain plug located below the engine. Remove the oil drain plug.

Step 6: Completely drain the dirty oil into the drain pan.

Step 7: Install the oil drain plug with a new gasket. Tighten the drain plug to the manufacturer’s specifications.

Step 8: Place a drain pan under the oil filter and remove the filter using an oil filter wrench. Make sure the gasket comes off with the filter. Wipe off the mounting surface with a clean towel.

Step 9: Apply a light film of oil on the new oil filter gasket. Install the new oil filter by hand. Tighten the filter 3/4 to 1 turn after the gasket makes contact.

Step 10: Add the proper amount and type of engine oil. Refer to your vehicle owner’s manual for the engine oil capacity and recommended type.

Step 11: Check the oil level with the engine oil dipstick. The oil level should be above the full mark. This is normal because the oil has not entered the filter yet.

Step 12: Install the engine oil fill cap and start the engine.

Step 13: Turn off the engine and recheck the engine oil level.

Step 14: Dispose of your used oil properly. Do not dump it on the ground or down a storm sewer drain.

How to change a flat tire

A flat tire can occur anywhere and at any time, so knowing how to change a flat tire is essential part of your vehicle repair and maintenance knowledge.

Step 1: Park the vehicle on a solid, level surface and set the parking brake. If you are driving when a flat tire occurs, pull off to the side of the road and turn on the hazard lights. Do not attempt to replace a flat tire on the road if it is not safe.

Step 2: Locate and remove your spare tire, the car jack, and the lug nut wrench or tire iron.

Step 3: If necessary, remove the wheel hub cap from the flat tire. Break loose the wheel lug nuts by turning them counter-clockwise with a tire iron. Do not remove the lug nuts until the vehicle is raised.

Step 4: Using your car jack, lift the vehicle where the flat tire is located. Check your vehicle owner’s manual for proper jacking locations.

Step 5: Remove the lug nuts. Remove the flat tire and set it aside.

Step 6: Install the spare tire on the wheel hub by aligning the lug nut holes with the studs. Install the lug nuts and snug them down with the tire iron in a star pattern.

Step 7: Lower the vehicle to the ground and remove the jack. Tighten the lug nuts securely in a star pattern.

Step 8: If applicable, re-install the hub cap. Place the flat tire in the trunk, and return the car jack and the tire iron to their proper locations.

№2. Переведите на русский язык приведенные ниже

существительные и словосочетания:

fuel, gearbox, half-shaft, heat, light, mph, oil, performance, pipe, starter, steel, power, battery, bodywork, bonnet, brake, chassis, clutch, component, drive, power plant, principle, propeller shaft, quarter, rest, source, spring, steering, step, style, surface, suspension, torsion bar, transmission, tube, tyre, vehicle, windscreen, wiper, wire, condition, cooling, cost, damper, device, direction, driving, exhaust, final,

прилагательные и наречия:

automatic, comfortable, different, efficiently, enough, few, mechanical, modern, nearly, necessary, only, other, primary, together, typical, usually,

служебные слова и обороты:

along, although, because, a lot of, in order to, also, over, the same, under,

глаголы:

boil, burn, carry, consist of, convert, demonstrate, differ, divide, generate, include, move, operate, provide, separate, steer.

№3. Какие из перечисленных глаголов являются неправильными? Укажите их формы. Укажите также правильные глаголы, имеющие особенности в написании при добавлении окончания –ed.

№4. Переведите следующие слова и словосочетания на английский язык:

состояние; конструкция; охлаждение; амортизатор; механизм; направление; энергия; силовая установка; карданный вал; дорога; источник; вождение; выпуск выхлопных газов; топливо; коробка передач; градус по Цельсию; аккумулятор; конструкция кузова; капот; тормоз; полуось; фара; материал; мотор; миль в час; масло; часть, деталь; рессора; стартёр; рулевой механизм; поверхность; подвеска; система; торсион; коробка передач; шина; вольт; вода; тормозной механизм; шасси; сцепление; узел, блок, деталь; колесо; ветровое стекло; главная передача; производительность; труба; мощность; стеклоочиститель; провод;

делить, подразделять; действовать, работать; производить, вырабатывать; помогать; держать; содержать, включать; двигать(ся); делать; различаться; снабжать; состоять (из); хотеть; обеспечивать; отделять(ся), разделять(ся); работать; запускать, заводить; кипеть; сжигать; управлять (автомобилем); останавливать(ся); поворачивать; использовать; превращать;

удобный; достаточный; внутри; механический; комфортабельный; различный; автоматический; типичный; только; другой; основной, главный; эффективно; современный; почти; необходимый, нужный; вместе; обычно;

№5. Определите подлежащее, сказуемое и второстепенные члены предложений. Переведите их на русский язык.

1. Modern cars often (часто) have automatic transmission.

2. Wheels move the car along the road.

3. In Russia Ivan Kulibin worked on a vehicle with a steam engine.

4. Petrol and air are mixed in the carburettor and drawn into a combustion chamber at the top of each cylinder.

5. A camshaft controls inlet and exhaust valves at the top of each cylinder.

№6. Переведите предложения, определите время и залог сказуемого. Укажите, какой частью речи являются слова, в приведённых ниже предложениях.

1. The engine converts only a quarter of its heat into power.

2. Man began to make vehicles many centuries ago.

3. By 1784 William Murdoch had built a model of a steam vehicle.

4. He was reading when his friend telephoned.

5. When the driver used the brakes, the car stopped.

6. Nearly 60 different materials went into the construction of the car.

7. They are driving fast.

8. Our students are studying mechanics.

№7. Переведите предложения, подчеркните модальные глаголы.

1. You may speak Russian.

2. It can’t be done.

3. Transmission must carry the power from the engine to the wheels.

4. The first long-distance trip proved that the self-propelled vehicle could be good for everyday use.

5. You can telephone him in the morning.

6. We must know the mechanics of a car.

7. The first steam-powered vehicle couldn’t carry a driver or passenger.

Lesson 10

Грамматические упражнения

№1. Divide the following words

a) into two groups with the sounds [ɑ:] and [A]:

large, gun, front, barn, bun, sun, duck, hard, funny, month, park, cut, London, part, luck, ask, rug, but, pass, won, chance, sun, class, aunt, bark, charm, dark, card, love, bud, cover

b) into three groups with the sounds [e], [æ] and [ɜ:]:

leg, rack, learn, turn, centre, lesson, wet, land, bed, neck, girl, sat, sell, entrance, test, bird, bat, term, tag, tell, burn, leg, first, wag, her, dirty, bell, red

c) into two groups with the sounds [I] and [i:]:

lead, lid, pig, bee, sit, reach, leak, big, team, tin, money, easy, weak, thin, eat, please, sick, event, be, speak, regret, big, market, we, weep, deal, risk, even, feel, heat, win, fill, neat, knit, lid, sin, seek, it, lean

d) into two groups with the sounds [u:] and [υ]:

lose, wound, pull, look, foot, food, soon, cook, book, cool, fool, full, would, boot, choose, group

№2. Fill in the gaps with suitable adjectives formed from the words in brackets.

That day I met Ann. She was very … (beauty) and I was … (care) enough to fall in love at first sight. My friend told me she was not the girl I needed, but that was … (use). My friend considered our relations with Ann … (hope). Now I think it was … (thought) of me not to pay attention to his words. But on those hot … (rain) days the world seemed to be … (colour) and I felt … (power).

№3. Make up questions to the bold words

1. Не plays football twice a week.

2. She is learning a poem.

3. We keep our car in the garage.

4. I helped my mother about the house yesterday.

5. She does her shopping with her friend every week.

6. We go to the college by bus.

№4. Complete the sentences with the suitable word.

1. It isn’t your’s hat. It’s … .

a) my b) mine c) of me

2. I like climbing. … do I.

a) neither b) either c) so

3. The TV’s too loud. Turn it … .

a) on b) of c) off

4. How … are the peaches?

a) many b) much c) little

5. We’ve got English … Monday morning.

a) in b) at c) on

6. Have … more crisps, please.

a) some b) a c) an

№5. Use the right form of the verbs in brackets.

1. Nurses (look) after patients in hospitals.

2. Ann plays the piano, but she (not, play) it very well.

3. In Britain most shops (close) at 5.30 p.m.

4. At night when it (get) dark, they (switch) on the TV or the radio and (listen) to music. 5. I (learn) to drive a car some years ago.

6. He (cross) the street and (go) towards the city park.

7. As soon as you (come) home, I’ll phone you.

8. If you (enter) the Institute, your parents will be happy.

9. If it (rain) we shall stay at home.

10. My teacher (speak) over the telephone now.

11. Where is Ann? – She (play) tennis.

12. We (ski) the whole day yesterday.

13. What you (discuss) at the meeting yesterday?

14. It is a very boring novel. I (read) it for two weeks, though I usually (read) books quickly.

15. She (live) in Gomel since she (be) born.

16. The children (skate) in the park for two hours before they went to the cinema.

17. We (lie) on the beach since early morning.

18. She (learn) English for 5 years before she goes abroad.

№6. Choose one word in each group.

1. This car is (long, longer, length) than that one.

2. Its (weigh, weight, width) is more than 50 kilograms.

3. This ladder is as (high, height, higher) as that one.

4. The pool is very (depth, deeper, deep).

5. It’s a very thick wall. Its (thick, thicker, thickness) is 38 cm.

№7. Learn the following units and fill in the gaps in the sentences below.

Units of time 60 seconds = 1 minute 60 minutes = 1 hour 24 hours = 1 day 7 days = 1 week 52 weeks = 1 year 365 days = 1 year	Units of length 12 inches = 1 foot = 30.5 cm 3 feet = 1 yard = 91 cm 1760 yards = 1 mile = 1609 meters 1 inch = 2.54 cm 1 meter = 39.37 inches
Units of weight 16 ounces (oz.) = 1 pound (lb.) 1 kilogram = 2.2 lbs
Units of area 1 square meter = 10,000 square centimeters
Units of volume 1 cubic meter = 1,000,000 cubic centimeters

1. The speed of the car is 120 km per hour which is equal to … meters per second.

2. The length of the wrench is 20 centimeters which is equal to …meters.

3. The weight of the wheel is 15 kilograms which is equal to … pounds.

4. The volume of the engine is 2,000 cubic centimeters which is equal to … cubic meters.

5. The length of the car is 3.2 meters which is equal to … inches.

6. The warranty for this equipment is 2 years which is equal to …weeks.

7. The load capacity of the dump truck is 8 tons which is equal to … kilograms.

№8. Read the descriptions of different types of cars. Are they True or False? Correct the false ones.

1. The saloon car is a car that has a separate enclosed space for bags, cases.

2. The van car (фургон) is a car with a roof which you can fold back or remove.

3. The hatchback car is a car with a door at the back that opens upwards.

4. The limousine car is a vehicle made for travelling over rough ground.

5. The estate car is a car with a lot of space for boxes.

6. The off-road car is a big expensive car, usually driven by a chauffeur.

7. The convertible car is a vehicle used for carrying goods which is covered and has metal sides, and is smaller than a truck.

№9. Fill in the gaps with prepositions where necessary.

1. The 4-cylinder engine is standard … smaller cars.

2. The relatively light weight … the vehicle makes it an economical choice.

3. The 8-cylinder engine gives plenty of power … motoring needs.

4. Deciding … 4-cylinder and 6-cylinder engines take into consideration the type of the car.

5. Engines have improved greatly … last century.

Lesson 11

Инструкции и руководства

№1. Read and translate the texts:

How to jumpstart a battery

If your engine won’t turn over (crank), chances are, your battery is dead. If you have a set of jumper cables and another vehicle, you can “jumpstart” the battery and drive your car home or take it to a repair shop.

Step 1: Locate a working vehicle and verify that the working vehicle’s battery is the same voltage as yours. Most car batteries are 12 Volts. Have the owner of the working vehicle drive and park the vehicle close to the hood of your car.

Step 2: Unwind the jumper cables and then attach the red clamp FIRST to the (+) positive post on the dead battery. Then connect the other end with the red clamp to the (+) positive post on the good battery.

Step 3: Now connect a black clamp to the (-) negative post of the good battery. Then connect the remaining black clamp (for the dead battery) to a piece of grounded metal on the dead car, preferably one that is dirt-free and paint-free.

Step 4: Turn on the working vehicle and let it idle for a few minutes. Do not race the engine of the working car by stepping on the accelerator. Start the car with the dead battery. If it doesn’t start, wait five minutes and try again.

Step 5: If your vehicle doesn’t start after the second charge, chances are your battery needs to be replaced. If your vehicle starts, remove the battery cables in the REVERSE order of the way you attached them.

Step 6: Keep your vehicle’s engine running for about 20 minutes to charge the battery before driving.

How to replace light bulbs

Your car’s headlights, brake lights and taillights are essential in not only helping you see clearly while driving, but in helping others see you clearly too. Your headlight bulbs need to be in good working order, especially for night time driving, and your brake light and taillight bulbs should also be in good working order to alert other drivers that you are braking or changing lanes. It’s important to make sure all of your vehicle’s lights are working properly to keep you, and others, safe while driving.

Replacing a Headlight Bulb

Step 1: Open the hood and locate the back of the headlight assembly near the front of the engine compartment.

Step 2: Twist and remove the socket assembly from the back of the headlight.

Step 3: Disconnect the headlight bulb from the socket assembly. Check the connection for dirt and corrosion. Clean as necessary with electrical spray cleaner. Install the new headlight bulb into the socket, and re-install the socket assembly to the headlight.

Step 4: Turn on the headlights and check high and low beams to verify the light is working.

Replacing a Brake Light Bulb

Step 1: Open the trunk and remove the rear cover to expose the back of the taillight assembly.

Step 2: Twist and remove the socket assembly for the brake light bulb.

Step 3: Disconnect the brake light bulb from the socket assembly.

Step 4: Install the new brake light bulb.

Step 5: Reconnect the socket to the back of the taillight assembly.

Step 6: Depress the brake pedal and have an assistant verify the light is working.

Replacing a Taillight Bulb

Step 1: Turn the key to the on position.

Step 2: Turn the head light switch to on.

Step 3: Standing outside of the vehicle, inspect the rear tail lights.

Step 4: Locate the burned out tail light bulb.

Step 5: Turn the key and head light switch to the off position.

Step 6: Gain access to tail light bulb. Open the trunk and remove the rear cover to expose the back of the taillight assembly.

Step 7: Remove the wiring harness from the tail light lens assembly.

Step 8: Disconnect the tail light bulb from the wiring harness socket.

Step 9: Install the new tail light bulb.

Step 10: Reconnect the wiring harness to the tail light lens assembly.

Step 11: To confirm proper installation of the new tail light bulb, place the key in the on position. Then turn on the head light switch to verify the tail light bulb is working.

№2. Match a–h with 1–8.

a) lubrication system 1) трение

b) film 2) фильтр

c) friction 3) система смазки

d) engine wear 4) масло

e) pan 5) пленка

f) pump 6) бак

g) filter 7) насос

h) oil износ двигателя

№3. Read the text below and say what the role of a sensor in automatic vehicle control is.

The basic elements that control vehicle motion have changed little in their concept over the past few decades. Vehicles are still driven by an internal combustion engine, steering is achieved by driving a mechanical gear and brakes are actuated by physically pumping hydraulic pistons. All these actions are carried out by the driver.

The status quo is ready for change. Under development are fast-reacting, intelligent systems that increase the possibility of automatic vehicle control.

In such vehicles the steering, accelerator (акселератор) and brake devices are connected to a sensor that monitors their position. The sensor passes this information as an electrical signal to the microprocessor controller.

The sensor information is processed and the actions for the steering, brakes and drive subsystems are calculated. The outline of an automotive chassis differs from a conventional chassis as motion of each wheel is achieved by independent suspension, drive, brake and steering. The main control unit receives electrical signals from the steering wheel and pedals, and produces electrical signals that actuate the wheel motion systems.

In this design there is a possibility to modify the steering, brake and accelerator device. All these could be integrated into a single joy-stick. This possibility is a major advantage when we want to modify cars for the physically challenged.

№4. Find in the text the English equivalents to the following words.

Механическая передача, датчик, подсистема привода, шасси, независимая подвеска, рулевое колесо, педаль.

№5. Translate the following compound nouns into Russian.

the sensor information the brake devices

the steering wheel the automotive chassis

the wheel motion system the independent suspension (подвеска)

№6. Match a–g with 1–7.

a) steering 1) привод

b) advantage 2) двигатель внутреннего сгорания

c) independent suspension 3) топливная система

d) internal combustion system 4) независимая подвеска

e) drive 5) бак

f) fuel system 6) рулевое управление

g) tank 7) достоинство, преимущество

№7. Answer the following questions.

1. What are vehicles driven by?

2. Who carries out all these actions?

3. What is under development now?

4. Do you think it’s a good idea to develop automatic vehicle control?

5. Have the basic elements that control vehicle motion changed a lot over the past few decades?

№8. Say whether the following sentences are True or False.

1. Vehicles are driven by an internal combustion engine.

2. Brakes are actuated by physically pumping the wheels.

3. Fast-reacting, intelligent systems that increase the possibility of automatic vehicle control are under development now.

4. In vehicles with intelligent systems the steering and brake devices are connected to a sensor that changes their position.

5. A vehicle with intelligent systems is a major advantage when we want to modify cars for the physically challenged.

№9. Translate the words in brackets to complete the sentences.

1. Vehicles are driven (двигателем внутреннего сгорания).

2. These actions (выполняются) by the driver.

3. The intelligent systems (увеличивают) the possibility of automatic vehicle control.

4. The (датчик) passes the information to the microprocessor controller.

5. The sensor information (обрабатывается) there.

6. The control unit receives electrical signals from the (рулевое колесо).

Lesson 12

Грамматические упражнения

№1. Put questions to the underlined words.

1. Car companies are trying to make car driving safer.

2. Suppliers are developing ways to detect the size of the passenger.

3. The size of the passenger will determine how rapidly the airbag inflates.

4. The crash sensor overrides the centre lock function in the event of an

accident.

5. Seatbelts provide the best possible restraint in the event of a collision.

№2. Choose the right form of the verb.

1. This mechanism uses/is used in the engine.

2. Power is produces/ is produced by the engine.

3. Fuel is burning/is burnt in the engine to produce power.

4. Fuel and air is mixed/ are mixed in the carburettor.

5. This fuel is used/ use in all types of engines.

6. Fuel and air compressed/ are compressed by the piston.

7. The body of the car is supported/ supports on the frame.

№3. Rewrite the sentences in the passive.

1. The carburettor performs this function.

2. The carburettor measures exact quantities of petrol.

3. The carburettor breaks up petrol into the fi ne particles.

4. The mixture burns rapidly.

5. Dirty particles can block the carburettor.

6. The filter cleans the air.

№4. Put in prepositions where necessary.

1. A fuel pump draws the fuel … the tank … fuel lines … a carburettor.

2. Fuel tanks are usually located … the rear … the vehicle.

3. The fuel system supplies fuel … the cylinder chamber where it is mixed … air.

4. Tank location is a compromise … available space.

№5. Restore the original sentences.

1. the carburettor, the function of, petrol, is, to break up, fi ne particles, into

2. should be, clean, to be delivered, the petrol, to the carburettor

3. to be performed, very important, the functions, are, by this device

4. is, the new fuel system, in this car, completely, of a new design, to be employed

5. the hydrometer, is, the condition, of the battery, the function of, to check

№6. What tense is it?

1. We have been traveling since Monday.

2. They had eaten everything before we came.

3. By Monday we will have sent the 1^st lot of goods to the customer.

4. She has never been to Rome.

5. She had been waiting for 3 hours when at last she heard someone’s voice.

6. Tomorrow at this time I will be flying to London.

7. I am sitting alone in the kitchen and writing a letter to you.

8. She has been working all day and she’s very tired.

9. When he came to the party everybody was leaving.

10. When I came to the party everybody had left.

11. Where is John? He has already left.

12. Tomorrow at 5 they will be leaving.

13. Tomorrow by 5 they will have already left.

14. They have been traveling for a week and they have already visited 3 countries.

№7. Подчеркните объектный инфинитивный оборот и переведите предложения на русский язык:

1. We assume a sales agent to come as an intermediary between the Principal and the Customer.

2. Our Company wants the Buyer to waive the inspection of the goods.

3. We expect your business representative to arrive in July.

4. The manager considers the appointment to be made timely.

5. The foreign businessmen watched the new plant put into operation.

№8. Подчеркните субъектный инфинитивный оборот и переведите предложения на русский язык:

1. The demand for your goods is certain to increase.

2. The responsibility for insurance is supposed to lie with both Companies.

3. Our representatives are sure to come in March.

4. The shipment is said to be made in time.

5. The inspectors happened to have come 2 days later.

№9. Вставьте подходящие модальные глаголы:

1. If you want to improve your English, you … work very hard.

2. … I take this book? – Certainly, but you … not give it to anybody.

3. There is something wrong with your television – set. You … call a repair – man. Oh, we … not do it! My brother … fix it himself.

4. … you go to the country with us? –No, I am afraid I … not; I … go to the library.

5. … you help me now? – I am in a great hurry.

Lesson 13

Лексико—грамматические упражнения

№1. Read and translate the text

How to replace windshield wiper blades

Good wiper blades help you see clearly while driving because they clean dirt, debris, rain and other obstacles from the surface of your windshield. It’s important to change your wiper blades once a year since they can dry and crack from the sun or heat, or wear down from regular use. Wiper blades that skip, streak or leave spots or smears should be replaced.

Step 1: Locate the windshield wipers.

Step 2: Remove the wiper blade assembly from the wiper arm.

Step 3: Using pliers, pinch the metal tabs on the rubber insert and slide the insert out of the wiper blade assembly.

Step 4: Slide the new rubber insert into the wiper assembly until the metal tabs are locked and prevent the insert from sliding.

Step 5: Reinstall the wiper assembly to the wiper arm.

Step 6: Test the wipers for proper operation.

How to replace an air filter

The engine air filter prevents dirt from entering the engine through the air intake system. A clean air filter allows the proper amount of air flow into the engine to keep the motor running smoothly and efficiently. If your car has high miles and the air filter has never been replaced, the filter probably has a build-up of dust and dirt which can restrict the flow of air. That’s why it’s important to replace your air filter periodically.

Step 1: Open the hood and locate the air filter box.

Step 2: Remove the clips or the mounting screws from the filter box cover to open.

Step 3: Lift the cover and remove the old air filter. Make a note of the direction in which the filter is facing for reference when installing the new one.

Step 4: If the filter box is dirty, use a shop vacuum to remove excess dirt and debris and wipe the inside with a damp cloth.

Step 5: Install the new air filter into the filter box.

Step 6: Re-install the filter box cover.

Step 7: Re-install the clamps or tighten the screws to secure the air filter box cover. Make sure it is closed and sealed correctly.

Step 8: Be sure the hose connections to the filter box cover are tight and secure.

№2. Fill in the gaps with the words and word combinations below.

The … (generator) supplies the vehicle’s electric systems with electric power and also recharges … when the engine is running. If it fails, the engine will continue to run using the battery … , but the car will eventually stop as soon as the battery will be completely … . When the alternator fails, there is … on the instrument panel that comes on with the engine running. Usually it’s something like “+ -” or “charge” warning light. If you see that sign on your … while driving, have your … inspected.

Power, alternator, the battery, discharged, a warning light, instrument panel, vehicle.

№3. Mark the following sentences as True or False.

1. The generator supplies the vehicle’s electric systems with electric power.

2. The generator recharges the battery when the engine isn’t running.

3. If the generator fails, the engine will stop.

4. When the generator fails, there is a warning light on the instrument panel.

№4. Put the words into the right order to make up sentences according to the given translation:

1. a, five-speed, automatic transmission, installed, in, is, this auto

В этом автомобиле установлена автоматическая пятиступенчатая трансмиссия.

2. consists, of, the mechanical transmission, of, auto, this, a, a, gearbox, clutch, front wheel drive, a

Механическая трансмиссия этого автомобиля состоит из сцепления, коробки передач, привода передних колёс.

3. is, there, noise, in, the, heard, release bearing (подшипник выключения)

Слышен шум в подшипнике выключения сцепления.

4. engages, with, the, clutch, jerks

Сцепление включается рывками.

5. gear, reverse, engagement, difficult, is

Включение задней передачи затруднено.

№5. Complete the following sentences, choosing the correct version

1. The internal combustion engine is called so because fuel is burned…

a) outside the engine;

b) inside the engine.

2. On the inlet stroke …

a) the intake valve opens;

b) the intake valve is closed;

c) the intake and the exhaust valves are closed.

3. On the compression stroke …

a) the intake valve opens;

b) the intake valve is closed;

c) the intake and the exhaust valves are closed.

4. On the power stroke …

a) the intake valve opens;

b) the intake valve is closed;

c) the intake and the exhaust valves are closed.

5. On the exhaust stroke …

a) the exhaust valve opens;

b) the intake valve is closed;

c) the intake and the exhaust valves are closed.

№6. Match the English combinations with the corresponding Russian ones:

1 mechanical engineer 2 deal (with) 3 designing cars 4 put into mass production 5 long service life 6 driving safety 7 meet up-to-date demands 8 smooth-acting clutch 9 silent gearbox 10 dependable brakes and steering system 11 subject to tests

a. долгий срок службы b. запустить в массовое производство c. подвергать испытаниям d. плавное сцепление e. отвечать современным требованиям f. иметь дело (с кем-л., чем-л.) g. надежные тормоза и рулевое управление h. безопасность езды (вождения) i. бесшумная коробка передач j. инженер-механик k. конструирование автомобилей

№7. Make up comparative and superlative forms of the adjectives and adverbs in the expressions listed below and translate them:

Important properties, pure metals, much experience, new solutions, long service life, good protection, well-known metals, useful devices, high efficiency, bad results, a modern truck, a large team of designers.

№8. Translate these sentences into Russian. Pay attention to the comparative and superlative forms of the adjectives and adverbs:

1. Metals are the most widely used materials in industry.

2. In general, a metal with small grains will be harder and stronger than one with coarse grains.

3. Small amounts of other metals, less than 1 per cent, are often added to a pure metal.

4. Toughness is different from strength: the toughest steels are different from the ones with highest tensile strength.

5. Plastics are lighter and more corrosion-resistant, but they are not usually as strong as metals.

6. Hot-worked products have better ductility and toughness than the unworked casting.

7. Rolling is the most common metalworking process.

8. Medium-carbon steels containing from 0.2 to 0.4 per cent carbon are tougher and are used as structural steels.

Lesson 14

Повторение материала

№1. Put all possible questions to the sentences below.

Example: Fuel is burnt in the engine.

What is burnt in the engine?

Is fuel burnt in the engine?

Fuel is burnt in the engine, isn’t it?

Is fuel burnt in the engine or in the carburettor?

1. Diesel fuel is used in different engines.

2. Fuel and air are mixed in the carburettor.

3. Fuel mixture is ignited in the cylinder combustion chamber.

4. Air is drawn down the air intake.

5. It is located directly above the carburettor.

6. Gas is kept in a special tank.

№2. Put in prepositions where necessary.

1. The pump sends the fluid … the engine.

2. The liquid goes … passages in the engine … the cylinders.

3. There is a separate circuit … the heating system.

4. A separate circuit for cooling the transmission is built … the radiator.

5. The oil is pumped … the transmission … a heat exchanger.

№3. Put the words into the right order.

a) is, the new fuel system, in this car, completely, of a new design, to be employed;

b) the carburettor, the function of, petrol, is, to break up, fi ne particles, into.

c) terminal, battery, cause, corroded, problems, different.

d) use, near, open, don’t, fire, battery, the.

№4. Find the English equivalents (from a-c) to the Russian words.

1. воск a) substance b) mix c) wax

2. транспортное средство a) transport b) means c) vehicle

3. потребление a) use b) need c) consumption

4. охладить a) engine b) carburettor c) cool

5. предотвращать a) to perform b) to prevent c) to avoid

6. клапан a) piston b) radiator c) valve

7. заряжать a) to charge b) to discharge c) to fi ll

8. количество a) quality b) quantity c) a lot

№5. Choose one word from a–d to fill in the gaps.

1. The … belongs to the brake system.

a) shaft b) bonnet c) coolant d) caliper

2. The … belongs to the cooling system.

a) shaft b) wheel c) windshield d) coolant

3. The master cylinder consists of a … and a fluid reservoir.

a) crankshaft b) piston c) drum d) pad

4. The pedal is a strong steel … which transmits the force from your foot to the master cylinder.

a) wheel b) lever c) disk d) pad

5. If you rotate the key in the ignition clockwise:

a) the car goes fast b) the engine switches on c) the lights go on

6. If you turn this steering wheel clockwise:

a) the engine switches on b) the lights go on c) the car turns to the right

№6. Translate the following word-combinations into English:

Самый доступный автомобиль, более прочный материал, наименьшая частица, самый обычный процесс, самое известное изобретение, гладкая поверхность, самый лучший проект, более низкая температура, наилучший сплав, более хрупкий металл, самые вредные вещества, новые методы.

№7. Translate the following sentences into Russian. Change the sentences into negative form and questions:

1. There are many different electric cars around the world.

2. There were special driveways for trucks many years ago.

3. There is hardly a place in the world that is not covered by some line of communication.

4. Today there are several hundred million cars in the world not to mention millions of motorcycles.

5. There were few roads at the end of the 19^th century in Russia.

6. There are a lot of employment opportunities in mechanical engineering.

7. There is another version of the car where the rear seat can be completely folded away.

8. There will be eight remotely controlled TV cameras for complex crossing from Hyde Park Corner to the Hammersmith flyover.

№8. Match the English terms with the corresponding Russian ones:

1. applied mechanics 2. rigid body 3 negligible 4. constant 5. dimensions 6. quantities 7. scale 8. particle 9. to apply 10. laws of mechanics 11. relation 12. motion 13. condition

a. применять b. частица c. отношение d. условие e. законы механики f. движение g. величины h. масштаб, размер i. незначительный j. прикладная механика k. размеры l. постоянный m. твердое тело

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Руководство пользователя

На основании Вашего запроса эти примеры могут содержать грубую лексику.

На основании Вашего запроса эти примеры могут содержать разговорную лексику.

Перевод «руководство пользователя» на английский

Разумеется, руководство пользователя тоже в комплекте.

Of course, there was a user manual in the package, too.

В комплект входят небольшое руководство пользователя и компакт-диск с драйверами и программным обеспечением.

The packet contains a very brief user manual and a cd with drivers and software on it.

Включенное руководство пользователя также объясняет процедуру возврата.

The included user guide also explains the return procedure.

Продукт должен иметь документацию (руководство пользователя).

The product must include documentation (a user guide).

Клиенту банка юридическому лицу передается установочный диск и руководство пользователя системы с подробной инструкцией.

A bank client represented by a legal entity is given a setup disk and a system user’s manual with a detailed instruction.

Читайте подробное руководство пользователя и скачать Windows исполняемый на stereoeye.jp здесь.

Read the detailed user’s manual and download the Windows executable on stereoeye.jp here.

Каждый оператор должен прочитать и понять руководство пользователя перед использованием оборудования в первый раз.

Each operator must read and understand the user manual before using the equipment for the first time.

Продукт сопровождается развёрнутой документацией, включающей подробное руководство пользователя и примеры использования.

The product is supplemented with a comprehensive documentation including a detailed user manual and examples of its use.

Есть также руководство пользователя написано на нескольких языках.

There is also a user manual available in a number of languages.

Клиенты могут загрузить руководство пользователя, чтобы получить полное описание товара.

Customers can download a user manual to get a full description of the goods.

Свидетельством тому является 170-ти страничное руководство пользователя, поставляемое с радиостанцией.

A testament to this is the 170 page user manual that comes with the radio.

На сайте производителя можно найти обширную документацию, руководство пользователя и комплект учебников.

On the manufacturer’s website, you can find extensive documentation, user manual and a set of textbooks.

Не игнорируйте руководство пользователя, поставляемое производителем.

Please refer to the user guide provided by the manufacturer.

Всегда читайте руководство пользователя перед первым использованием машины.

Always go through the user manual before using the car.

Инструмент содержит встроенное руководство пользователя, способное оказать неопытному пользователю существенную поддержку в процессе сканирования и анализа.

The instrument contains a built-in user guide, which can provide substantial support for the inexperienced user in the process of scanning and analysis.

Там можно найти изображения устройства в хорошем качестве, видео, руководство пользователя и список характеристик.

There you can find the device image in good quality, video, user manual and a list of characteristics.

Проверьте руководство пользователя, которое поставляется с автомобилем, и вы найдете всю необходимую информацию.

Check the user manual that came with the vehicle and you will find all the necessary information in that.

Посмотреть их порядок можно в соответствующих руководствах (руководство пользователя планшет android 4).

You can see their order in the corresponding manuals (user guide for the android 4 tablet).

В комплект поставки входят адаптер и руководство пользователя.

This particular package comes with the adapter and a user manual.

Данное руководство пользователя в первую очередь предназначено для разработчиков, создающих модели UML.

The user guide is primarily directed to members of the development team who create UML models.

Ничего не найдено для этого значения.

Результатов: 598. Точных совпадений: 598. Затраченное время: 92 мс

Documents

Корпоративные решения

Спряжение

Синонимы

Корректор

Справка и о нас

Индекс слова: 1-300, 301-600, 601-900

Индекс выражения: 1-400, 401-800, 801-1200

Индекс фразы: 1-400, 401-800, 801-1200

По теме: методические разработки, презентации и конспекты